Average Cost of a Wedding in 2021

Average Cost of a Wedding in 2024

Planning a wedding can be a major endeavor. First, there’s the figuring out financing. According to a recent SoFi survey, the median cost of a wedding is $10,000. And then there’s all the logistics that need wrangling. Dress? Check! Rings? Check! Venue, music, photography, and more?

It can be wise to get organized as early as possible to make the process as smooth as possible. Here’s a look at what you can expect from venues, vendors, and other costs as you plan this happy day.

What Is the Average Cost of a Wedding?

According to The Knot, the average cost of a wedding ceremony and reception in recent years was $19,000, but SoFi’s most recent research found a more affordable median price of $10,000. Either way, that’s a considerable investment: a five-figure amount to pull together or finance.

Typically, the wedding venue and reception account for the largest share of a budget, but all the trimmings (think flowers, gifts for your maid of honor and best man, band, and so forth) all contribute to the bottom line. It’s important to note however, that true wedding costs will vary based on how elaborate the event and the unique vendor and venue costs of the region.

What Goes Into the Cost of a Wedding?

Planning a wedding is a huge undertaking. From the dress to the decor, there are so many details involved that many couples choose to pay the $1,500, on average, for a professional wedding planner to handle them all. These recent numbers are courtesy of The Knot’s Real Wedding Survey.

Pre-Wedding Costs

The purchase of engagement rings is generally what kicks off the entire wedding planning process. While the tradition of spending three month’s salary on a ring may be old and outdated, couples are known to spend $5,500 on rings on average.

The cost of wedding invitations can vary widely depending on many factors. Handmade paper will cost more than cardstock. Letterpress printing will cost more than digital printing. More guests means more invitations, which means a higher cost. The average cost of invitations is $590.

Then comes the dress, which can take months to find. Assuming you’re not bent on purchasing an elaborate couture gown, but definitely want to secure something nicer than what might be found on a bargain rack, a dress can average $1,600.

It would be a mistake not to hold a rehearsal with your full wedding party, and taking the opportunity to treat them to dinner, thanking them for being a part of your celebration, is tradition. Rehearsal dinners can cost around $1900.

Recommended: The Cost of Being in Someone’s Wedding

Vendor Costs

What is your big day if no one is there to capture it? Photographer costs can be as high as $2400 for a wedding. Should you choose to film it as well, you can expect to pay around $1800 for a videographer.

Wedding photos are lifetime memorabilia and people want to look good in them. Average costs for professional services are $110 for hair and another $100 for makeup.

If you need transportation to the wedding, from the wedding to the reception venue, or for a guest shuttle, it can cost around $800 on average.

Wedding decor is a must, and flowers are one of the most common choices. From the choice of your bouquet to the centerpiece arrangements on your guest tables, a proper florist can average $2000.

The star of the show—after the bride—is the cake. Whether traditional white or unconventionally colored, tiered or cupcakes, a wedding cake can cost around $500.

Reception Costs

The reception venue will likely be your largest expense. It is where you will feed and entertain your guests for the longest portion of your celebration and, depending on the type of venue you book, it may or may not come with decor. This can cost around $10,500.

You can’t let your guests go hungry. Catering your reception, accounting for any special dietary restrictions, and toasting with champagne, you’ll pay around $70 per person. If you want to offer top-shelf liquor, that cost can increase.

Now let’s dance! The music is what will set the tone for your celebration, and it’s likely what your guests will remember most after your “I dos.” A DJ can cost around $1200 for a wedding. A live band on the other hand will cost significantly more at $3700.

Some couples choose to give their guests wedding favors, a gift that says ‘thank you for coming.’ Purchasing favors for your guests that remind them of the great time they had on your big day will cost around $400.

A few ways that can help you cut spending costs include trimming the guest list, opting for a cash bar, and enlisting family and friends to help you DIY a few things. Make a shortlist of the planning details that are most important to you and you don’t want to skimp on, and consider spending less on the unlisted details that aren’t as meaningful. Also, be sure to leave a buffer in your budget. You never know if you’ll have to cover an unexpected wedding expense or even a last-minute guest, and having extra room in your budget will allow you to cover those costs without overspending.

Recommended: Affordable Wedding Venue Ideas

Smart Ways to Finance a Wedding

Knowing how much you can expect to spend is only one half of the wedding planning puzzle. The other half is actually funding the spending. With average wedding costs in the tens of thousands of dollars, it’s important to plan ahead so you can enjoy your special day with minimal stress.

Gifts and Contributions

A bride and groom seldom pay for their wedding alone. As a matter of fact, in 2019, couples only contributed 41% toward their total wedding costs with their parents taking on the brunt of expenses. Immediate family members can be a resource to help cover costs and are often happy to do so. Whether it’s the groom’s family that agrees to cover rings and clothes, or the bride’s family that takes care of the flowers and food, having a family discussion about who is able and willing to cover what on your big day can help relieve some of the spending stress.

Also, contributing cash isn’t the only way to help. Any time your family, friends, or even your wedding party can offer with planning, creating, or decorating anything that you might have otherwise paid someone else to do can help keep your budget in the black.

Recommended: Wedding Gift Etiquette

Savings

Being able to cover costs with funds from a saving account is one of the more ideal ways of covering large wedding costs. Couples that plan long engagements might be able to take advantage of this method more so than those with short engagements, simultaneously saving for and planning their big day over several months or years.

Retaining a comfortable amount of savings separate from wedding funds to have on hand for an emergency is always a smart money move that can help prevent financial roadblocks in the future. As much as you may want to fund your big day with savings, if doing so will put you in a financially precarious position or prevent you from reaching other financial goals, it may be better to err on the side of caution. Having those funds post marriage may be more important than spending them now.

Credit Cards

Credit cards provide quick and immediate access to cash that can be used to cover wedding costs. If you have particularly high credit limits, and not much cash on hand, it may be possible for you to cover the entire cost of your wedding on a credit card.

Though this may be one option among many, using your credit card might also come with a few drawbacks, such as high interest rates and an increase in your credit utilization ratio. Charging wedding purchases to your credit cards means you’ll be subject to paying interest on those charges until you pay off those credit cards. Also, using large amounts of credit will increase your credit utilization ratio and could, in turn, trigger a drop in your credit score. If that scenario will keep you from reaching future financial goals, you may want to think twice about using this method.

Personal Loan

Applying for a personal loan is another method for securing wedding funds. Personal loans tend to offer qualified applicants lower interest rates than traditional credit cards. A personal loan may also have a fixed interest rate that can help you manage and maintain steady payments over the life of the loan.

Another benefit of a personal loan is that it can help you build your credit. Diversifying the types of credit you have helps the three credit bureaus view you as a responsible borrower, and in turn may raise your credit score.

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The Takeaway

Average costs are just that: average costs. Planning a wedding doesn’t have to be a budget breaker, but an event with this significance does come with some costs that probably don’t easily fit into most budgets. Using a personal loan to pay for wedding costs is reasonable if you are financially able to repay it.

SoFi wedding loans have no fees required, low fixed rates, and can save thousands of dollars in interest compared to using a credit card. Getting prequalified takes just a few minutes, and loans can be funded in as little as three days.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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How to Win a Bidding War

In housing markets teeming with buyer demand, it’s not uncommon to put an offer on a home only to be outdone by a competing offer. If two or more potential buyers want a property badly enough, they may find themselves locked in a bidding war.

The tea leaves indicate that 2023 will throw cold water on many bidding wars, but certain markets in the country could remain competitive.

Here’s how to increase your chances of winning a bidding war so you don’t have to bid adieu to a home you really want.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.


1. Know How a Bidding War Works

Bidding wars usually take place in a seller’s market, when demand outpaces housing inventory. They also typically occur when there are multiple interested parties and when there is some sort of constraint, like timing.

When a seller’s agent receives offers for a property that has attracted a lot of buzz, the agent may set a date by which would-be buyers should make their “highest and best” offer. Sellers can accept the best offer, counter one offer while putting the others to the side while awaiting a decision, or counter one offer and reject the others.

This brings up a salient point: It’s true that you can buy a house without a Realtor® or real estate agent, but an experienced agent can guide you through offers and counteroffers, contingency snags, and more.

2. Line Up Your Financing

One of the best things you can do to be prepared for a potential bidding war — or really any time — is to get your finances, and financing, in order.

Be sure to know how much house you can afford, including a down payment and monthly payments.

Determine if you qualify for a mortgage and familiarize yourself with the types of home loans that are available: government-backed loan or conventional loan, fixed rate or adjustable rate.

Getting preapproved for a mortgage will give you a specific amount that a lender is tentatively willing to let you borrow.

And a preapproval letter shows sellers that you are a serious candidate to buy a home. Many experts recommend getting at least three preapproval letters from three lenders.

3. Lessen or Drop Contingencies

Contingencies are certain conditions that must be met before a real estate deal becomes binding. Potential buyers can back out of a deal without penalty if the contingencies aren’t met.

A clean offer, one with as few contingencies as possible, is attractive to sellers in a competitive market.

In a typical real estate market, a common contingency is the mortgage contingency, or financing contingency, which allows homebuyers to exit the deal and have their earnest money returned if they cannot secure financing by the agreed-upon deadline.

Another is the inspection contingency. Based on the findings of a professional inspection, the buyer may be able to negotiate repairs or the price, which are known as seller concessions if the sellers are agreeable, or cancel the contract.

Waiving contingencies shows your eagerness to triumph, but it comes with risk. The biggest is losing your earnest money deposit if you hit a snag.

4. Be Quick About These Contingencies

Sellers want to avoid spending a lot of time with a potential buyer only to have the deal fall through. If you’re including appraisal and inspection contingencies, do what you can to expedite them.

The real estate purchase contract includes any contingencies, the sales price, the closing date, and the date of the title transfer and possession. The contract is considered a working document until both parties agree on the terms.

5. Use an Escalation Clause

Unsurprisingly, one of the best ways to win a bidding war is by offering more money.

You may want to include an escalation clause in the contract if you assume there will be multiple offers.

The clause asserts that if another buyer makes a competing offer, your bid will automatically increase by a certain amount, up to a limit, to exceed the offer.

Say you put a $400,000 offer on a home, with an escalation amount of $10,000 and a ceiling of $430,000. If someone else bids $410,000, you will automatically bid $420,000, up to your ceiling.

6. Stay Flexible

A willingness to be flexible can give you a leg up in the eyes of a seller.

For example, a seller might be moving across the country for work and need to close by a specific date. So if you can get the appraisal and inspection done swiftly, that could be a huge plus.

Alternatively, sellers may need to stay in the house for a while. Working with them on their specific needs could give you an edge.

7. Pay With Cash

If you are able to do it, buying a house with cash can be very attractive to sellers. The process is typically much faster than going through a lender, and sellers don’t want to worry about financing issues that might hold up the deal or cause it to fall through.

It’s even possible that a seller would choose a cash offer over a slightly higher offer backed by a mortgage.

8. Increase Your Deposit

There are timeless standards for how to make an offer on a house. One is determining the size of your earnest money deposit.

The deposit, held in escrow by the title company, secures the real estate contract. It tells the seller that you are serious about buying the house.

Earnest money is typically 1% to 3% of the purchase price but can be more in a competitive market. If you close on the home, the deposit will be applied to your closing costs.

9. Write a Personal Letter

When sellers are choosing a buyer during a bidding war, they’re often just looking at numbers on a page. Consider writing a real estate offer letter, aka love letter, to humanize the transaction.

You might want to make a case for why you’re the ideal candidate to buy the home, and note commonalities: You’re a ceramicist and noticed an artist’s studio in the backyard. You have dogs; they have a dog. That big elm reminds you of the one at your childhood home.

Be complimentary about the things you like about the house and how it has been maintained. And be concise.

The Takeaway

Whether you’re buying in a time of burgeoning bidding wars or not, it’s good to know how they work. The tactics help homebuyers understand the lay of the real estate land: contingencies, earnest money, escalation clauses, love letters.

If you’re gearing up for a bidding war or a peaceful purchase, see what SoFi Mortgages are all about. The rates are competitive. A number of repayment terms are offered. And qualifying first-time homebuyers can put as little as 3% down.

Getting prequalified is the first step.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is an Escrow Holdback?

Congratulations; You’ve found a house you love and want to buy. You may even be in the final stages of closing on this dream home. But sometimes, you may need to access what’s known as an escrow holdback: a way of setting aside funds at the closing for repairs that are most definitely needed as you take ownership.

For example, what happens if a blizzard hits the week before your scheduled closing, revealing a leaky roof that needs major (pricey) repairs?

This wasn’t something that showed up in the initial inspection report. Or, maybe it did show up in the inspection report, but the issue is suddenly much more pressing in light of said snowstorm. Either way, these repairs can’t be made at this particular time because it’s winter and, well, it’s snowing outside.

What’s a buyer to do? In this scenario, an escrow holdback could be a path to funding the necessary repairs without blowing your closing date. Here, you’ll learn more about escrow holdbacks, including:

•   What is an escrow holdback?

•   How does an escrow holdback work?

•   What qualifies for an escrow holdback?

•   What if your situation doesn’t qualify for a holdback?

Key Points

•   An escrow holdback involves setting aside funds at closing for necessary property repairs.

•   Funds are held in an escrow account until specified repairs are completed satisfactorily.

•   The process is typically initiated through a contract addendum negotiated by real estate agents.

•   Not all transactions qualify for an escrow holdback, as lender approval is required.

•   Escrow holdbacks are often used when repairs are delayed by external factors like weather.

Escrow Holdbacks Defined

Before defining escrow holdbacks, here’s what escrow is: Typically, it’s money held by a third party as assets (such as real estate) are being transferred.

An escrow holdback agreement, however, occurs when money is set aside at the closing of a home to complete repairs. Generally, this is done at the seller’s expense, though not always.

Money is held in an escrow account until the repairs are completed. The funds can then be released. Another name for an escrow holdback that you may hear used is a repair escrow.

This may sound like a pretty good arrangement, but an escrow holdback isn’t a possibility for every borrower and in every scenario. Consider the following:

•   The lender’s underwriter will review the appraisal and any accompanying inspection reports to confirm that the sales price is met and that the property does not show evidence of any deferred maintenance items that can have an effect on things like safety, soundness, or structural integrity.

•   These are often referred to as health and safety issues. Health and safety issues can affect whether the home is eligible for financing.

•   Most lenders will not close a loan on a home that has been called out for things like missing railing, stairs, fencing, and much more.

It’s not hard to imagine a situation where a homebuyer needs the seller to repair something that cannot be completed until after the contract’s closing date, like in the snowstorm example above. Depending upon the repair, a lender may allow for the seller to place funds in escrow for what’s known as defect cure within a specified period of time for a specified amount.

These repairs could be expected or unexpected as the parties move through the home-buying process. Generally, the appraiser calls out the more obvious issues that hurt a home appraisal and may recommend further inspection by an expert for something noted in their report. If an appraiser requests an inspection, the lender’s underwriter may review the report and require some repairs.

Another example of a situation in which an escrow holdback could be a valuable tool: when a seller needs the proceeds from the sale of the home in order to comply with the repair request.

These are examples of how and when an escrow holdback could be warranted and beneficial.

Recommended: 31 Ways to Save for a Home

How Does the Escrow Holdback Process Work?

If you’re curious about how the escrow holdback process works, consider these points that spell out the process in more detail:

•   Normally, the first step is the buyer’s and seller’s agents negotiating any required repairs through an addendum to the purchase contract. This is drawn up by the real estate agents and signed by all parties.

•   The document will likely outline the repairs that the buyer (or lender) would like the seller to make, the timeframe for those repairs, and details about how and when the payments to the contractors are to be made.

•   This contract addendum is then sent to the escrow company (or the attorney) and to the lender, who will review the document. The underwriter of the loan will have the last say as to whether the escrow holdback is approved.

•   If it is approved, then the closing may proceed as initially planned. However, not all holdback requests will be approved.

   The lender may have conditions around the approval of an escrow holdback. These can include but are not limited to such requirements as improvements having to be completed within 180 days of the mortgage closing date.

•   The lender will likely establish an escrow completion account with the title company from the purchase proceeds. This is typically equal to 120% of the estimated cost for completing the improvements and more.

•   Once the repairs are completed, another inspection occurs to verify that the work has been satisfactorily finished. The escrow account can then release the funds.

Find out how much it would cost
to update your home.


It’s important to note that not all transactions qualify for an escrow holdback. The criteria can vary between lenders, property, and even type of transaction (sale of existing property or of a new construction home).

Recommended: What to Look for When Buying a House

What Qualifies for an Escrow Holdback?

Generally, lenders prefer that repairs take place prior to the closing, but exceptions can be made — like when repairs must be delayed due to inclement weather.

This may limit escrow holdbacks to repairs that require some work on the outside of the home, such as repairs to a roof, yard, or plumbing accessed outdoors.

Here are some types of repairs that are factors that affect property value and residents’ safety and may qualify for an escrow holdback:

•   Patio problems

•   Pest control

•   Roof repair

•   Septic tank issues

•   Sprinkler system problems

•   Yard cleanup

Again, there are no sure things or guarantees of how an escrow holdback will work. That’s because it is ultimately up to all of the involved parties to agree on the terms.

Beyond the weather causing a delay, lenders are often looking to determine whether the repairs present a risk to the property (their collateral) or present health and safety issues to the prospective occupants. As you might imagine, a lender generally won’t want to make a loan for a property that they believe could threaten the health or safety of its occupants.

Recommended: The 7 Steps to Buying a House

What if Your Situation Doesn’t Qualify for a Holdback?

Say you believe there is an issue that merits an escrow holdback, but the lender doesn’t approve it. Now what? There’s not much, unfortunately, that you can do in this situation. The most likely scenario is that the closing date will need to be pushed out to make time for any required repairs before loan closing.

As you pursue an escrow holdback, it might be helpful to understand that some lenders’ guidelines may not offer escrow holdbacks under any conditions.

This could be due to such issues as the follow-up involved in closing the holdback proves too arduous. Or perhaps there are difficulties in getting the repairs completed within the specified period of time given. If lenders have been burned in any of these ways in the past, they may decide the process is too risky.

In the event that a lender refuses an escrow holdback agreement, you might have to delay your closing. If the lender also refuses to make a loan, you (the buyer) could be in a very tough spot. Even if you’re willing to pay for the cost of repairs in order to move forward with the lending process, this may not be in your best interest.
You do not yet own the property, and issues can arise from making repairs.

It may be wise to get your real estate lawyer’s and real estate agent’s opinions about how to handle this kind of difficult situation. They can help you explore any options that exist.

Recommended: First-time Homebuyer’s Guide

The Takeaway

Escrow holdbacks can be a way to solve for needed repairs of a property you are interested in buying or have already begun to purchase. By keeping funds in this kind of account, the parties involved may be able to satisfactorily complete the work needed and pay for it in a clear and equitable way.

No matter your situation, you’ll likely want to work with a lender that can help you navigate the home-buying process. While you’re shopping for a mortgage, check out customer service reviews in addition to rates and terms.

SoFi offers mortgage loans with competitive rates and low down payment options. Plus, the process is simple, quick, and convenient.

Looking for an affordable mortgage loan that you can access easily? See what SoFi has to offer!


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Investing Survey: 85% of Investors Plan to Change How They Invest in 2023

We don’t need to tell you that 2022 has been a challenging year for investors — what with interest rates soaring, the stock market plummeting, and the onset of another crypto winter.

What you might be surprised to know: There’s some good news here. In a recent survey, we asked 1,000 investors how they managed their portfolios in 2022, how they’re feeling about the market, and what their predictions are for 2023*.

While you might expect some anxiety or pessimism (and there was some), investors overall remain positive after a difficult year. Here’s what they had to say about stocks, crypto, how they coped with investing stress — and more.

Note: We rounded percentages to the nearest whole number, so some data sets may not add up exactly to 100%.

*The survey was completed on October 5, 2022 and was conducted using a general U.S. population data set of 1,000 adults age 18 and older. Survey did not include known SoFi members or a SoFi member data set.

Key survey facts and findings

2022 SoFi Investing Survey

Before we dig into the details, here are some of the standout results.

•  93% of survey respondents continued to invest, despite the current market conditions.

•  Men were more likely to invest than women, and invest more money as well.

•  78% of crypto investors are generally optimistic that values will rebound.

•  And remarkably: 1 in four (25%) of investors had no regrets about 2022

Last highlight: How did investors cope with stress in 2022? Hobbies!

In general, investors stayed the course in 2022.

While the market hasn’t been kind to investors over the past year, it certainly hasn’t stopped many of them from investing. 93% of our respondents kept invested in 2022.

2022 SoFi Investing Survey

93% of respondents have invested in 2022

When it comes to the amount people have invested so far this year, men were more likely than women to invest — and invest more money when they did:

•  $0 – $499: 24%

◦  Male: 44%

◦  Female: 56%

•  $500 – $999: 23%

◦  Male: 50%

◦  Female: 49%

•  $1000 – $4999: 26%

◦  Male: 57%

◦  Female: 43%

•  $5000+: 21%

◦  Male: 68%

◦  Female: 32%

Many investors are still hoping to cash in on crypto.

It’s no secret that the crypto market has taken a beating, especially with the crash of FTX . Nonetheless, people are still holding on to their crypto investments.

45% of respondents say they have cryptocurrency in their portfolios. 65% of them even said they invested more than $500 in 2022. Most crypto investors (65%) are male and under the age of 55.

45% of respondents have cryptocurrency in their investment portfolio.

Over the past few years, cryptocurrency has become a more widely-accepted investment vehicle. Many investors have invested in crypto this year. Of these investors:

•  65% have invested $500 or more in 2022

•  Less than 3% haven’t invested any money into crypto in 2022

•  Only 7% of respondents aged 55 or older are invested in crypto

•  65% are male

And of those who invested $5000 or more in crypto in 2022, 80% are male.

While the crypto market is currently in a steep decline, most investors with cryptocurrency in their portfolios have invested at least $500 in 2022. Here’s what crypto investing looks like in 2022.

•  $0 – $499: 32%

•  $500 – $999: 23%

•  $1000 – $4999: 26%

•  $5000+: 16%

Only 3% of investors who have cryptocurrency in their portfolio haven’t invested anything into cryptocurrency this year.

78% of investors are either confident or cautiously optimistic the crypto market will bounce back

2022 SoFi Investing Survey
The crypto market remains volatile as rumors of a global recession continue to swirl. Despite this financial climate, most investors are hopeful of the future.

Of the 45% of respondents who have crypto in their portfolio:

•  78% of investors are at least “cautiously optimistic” that the crypto market will bounce back

•  Only 5% of respondents believe crypto is “dead.”

Overall, the crypto market still has plenty of believers. Whether that optimism will pay off remains to be seen.

Nearly 90% of people have invested in non-stock market-related assets.

2022 SoFi Investing Survey

Non-traditional market assets are on the rise due to stock market volatility. In fact, nearly 90% of our respondents invested money into a non-stock-market-related asset. Crypto was the most common non-traditional investment choice.

Certificate of deposits (CDs), Real estate investment trusts (REITs), and gold were the next most popular options. One respondent even told us they invested in Magic the Gathering trading cards—definitely a niche investment choice, but representative of investments that aren’t directly impacted by the stock market.

Here’s a full list of all the responses we received:

•  Certificate of deposits (CDs): 24%

•  Real estate investment trusts (REITs): 20%

•  Gold or other commodities: 20%

•  Crypto: 48%

•  Private equity funds: 22%

•  Government bonds: 19%

•  Other or none: 11%

Here’s what investors’ portfolios look like right now.

2022 SoFi Investing Survey

Nearly a third (32%) of respondents have less than $25,000 in their investment portfolio. Here’s a breakdown:

•  $0 – $24,999: 32%

•  $25,000 – $49,999: 22%

•  $50,000 – $99,999: 21%

•  $100,000 – $199,999: 12%

•  $200,000+: 14%

Most investors (nearly 75%) also invest highly into stocks. Cryptocurrency, mutual funds, and cash were the next most popular investment types.

•  Stocks: 72%

•  Cryptocurrency: 45%

•  Mutual funds: 41%

•  Cash or cash equivalents: 38%

•  Bonds: 31%

•  Exchange-traded funds (ETFs): 30%

•  Real estate: 23%

•  Index funds: 21%

•  Private equity: 14%

•  Other: 2%

Market volatility has impacted investors’ purchase and investment decisions.

Market volatility has impacted investors at all ages and stages, but it hasn’t slowed them down. Not only have many people continued to invest during these uncertain times, market volatility has inspired investors to adjust their strategies and spending.

More than a third of respondents (37%) say market volatility has caused them to make impulsive investment decisions.

2022 SoFi Investing Survey
Market volatility has caused some investors to respond emotionally, with over a third of respondents (37%) saying market volatility has caused them to make impulsive investment choices.

31% of these impulse decisions were made by investors aged 18-24. In fact, the younger you are, the more likely you are to make impulsive or emotion-driven financial decisions. Here’s the age breakdown of those who made an impulse move due to market volatility:

•  18-24: 31%

•  25-34: 23%

•  35-44: 23%

•  45-54: 17%

•  Older than 54: 7%

Of all the people who made impulsive investment decisions, 54% of our respondents say they’re happy with their choice. Specifically, only 20% of them regret them.

Maybe these rash decisions taught investors important lessons about the market. Maybe some are confident they’ll rebound.

One third of respondents (33%) had to cancel or delay plans or purchases in 2022 because of money lost on investments.

Many investors’ finances were impacted by the bear market: 33% said they had to cancel or delay plans in 2022 because they lost money on investments.

Ultimately, these mistakes prevented some investors from going on vacations, buying homes, and starting businesses. When we asked those who had to cancel or delay plans specifically which plans were impacted, here’s what they said:

•  Going on a trip: 27%

•  Making a major purchase (home, vehicle, etc.): 22%

•  Home renovations: 19%

•  Starting a business: 15%

•  Growing my family (getting married, having a baby, etc.): 10%

•  Retiring: 6%

•  Other: 2%

Over half of respondents did not make any major investment changes.

2022 SoFi Investing Survey
Market volatility still isn’t scaring investors away. Over half, or 55% of respondents held on to their assets during this year’s economic crisis.

When we asked investors how they reacted to market swings this year:

•  29% said they bought a lot of investment

•  17% said they sold a lot of investments

•  55% said they did not buy or sell investments

The investors that did sell some of their assets (45%) ultimately relinquished less than half of their portfolio. Only 7% sold 76% or more of their total investments.

Many investors have investment regrets about 2022 and are looking toward 2023.

With 2023 on the horizon, many investors are planning to adjust their strategies based on the lessons they learned this year.

People are split on how inflation makes them feel about their investment strategies in 2022:

Inflation can be a thorn in the side of investors. Our respondents were split in how they approached inflation in 2022:

•  39% of respondents said they want to invest more, despite inflation.

•  33% said inflation makes them want to leave their investments alone.

•  28% said inflation makes them want to invest less.

Of the 39% who want to invest more, Gen Z appears to be the most optimistic (27% of that subgroup are between the ages of 18 and 24).

One thing is for certain — confident investors will continue to engage with the market despite inflation.

In general, people have mixed emotions about their investments in 2022, but the most common feeling was optimism (26%).

2022 SoFi Investing Survey

There was also some variance in how respondents feel about their investments. Most were optimistic, and fewer felt stressed, disappointed, and content.

•  Optimistic: 26%

•  Stressed: 19%

•  Disappointed: 19%

•  Content: 15%

•  Excited: 14%

•  Regretful: 5%

•  Angry: 3%

Very few felt regretful or angry, which could be welcome signs of more market participation in the coming year.

While 5% of respondents feel regretful, a full 25% — or one in four investors — have zero regrets about 2022.

That said, 75% of respondents have some type of investment regret this year. And many have learned major lessons this year. Mainly, many wish they had bought more assets at lower prices.

Some of the most common investing regrets respondents expressed:

•  They should’ve bought more crypto when prices were at their lowest (18%)

•  They should’ve bought more stock when the market started to decline (16%)

•  They should’ve sold stock before the market started to decline (15%)

Not everyone was regretful about their investing activities: As noted, 25% of respondents have no regrets at all. And of those that have no regrets, 60% are 45 or older.

Here’s the breakdown of the investment regrets respondents had this year:

•  I have no regrets: 25%

•  I should have bought more crypto while prices were their lowest: 18%

•  I should have bought more stock when the market started tanking: 16%

•  I should have sold stock before the market started tanking: 15%

•  I should have sold my crypto early in the year: 10%

•  I should have bought gold: 9%

•  I should have held onto stock when the market started tanking: 7%

People use a variety of tactics to cope with the stress of market fluctuations:

We got a lot of interesting responses about how investors have dealt with the stress that came from market fluctuation.

•  41% took their mind off their portfolios by engaging in hobbies.

•  37% did their own investment research.

•  31% of them simply stopped checking their balances.

•  22% of respondents talked with their brokers for reassurance. 17% participated in online forums.

And on a positive note, 14% said the markets simply didn’t stress them out.

Nearly a third of respondents (30%) check their investment portfolios every day. And 75% check at least once a week.

Although one coping mechanism of market stress was to avoid checking balances, 30% of our respondents (65% of whom were male) check their investments every day.

Most respondents check their portfolio’s performance at least once a week. Here’s how often investors are checking their investment performance.

•  Every day: 30%

•  2 to 3 times a week: 29%

•  Once a week: 17%

•  A few times a month: 12%

•  Once a month: 7%

•  Less than once a month: 7%

Looking forward to 2023

2022 is almost over and many investors are already looking forward to next year. Let’s see how our respondents plan to adjust their strategies in 2023.

85% of respondents plan to make some changes to how they invest in 2023.

While most respondents have agreed to change their plans, 21% of them want to invest more into the market.

Here are other ways people plan to change their investment strategies next year:

•  19% plan to do more of their own investment research

•  14% plan to work with a financial advisor

•  10% plan to buy into a new type of investment

•  9% plan to change the asset allocations in their portfolio

•  6% plan to decrease how much they invest overall

•  5% plan to use a robo-advisor or automated investing

•  15% don’t plan to change anything.

If this year has taught investors anything, it’s to adapt their strategies and stay optimistic. When asked how they planned to change their strategies, here is how investors responded.

Key Takeaways

Historically, market volatility tends to even itself out, and investment values typically rebound. Investors’ attitudes and behaviors tend to mirror this pattern. While markets have been low in 2022, there are signs of recovery as the year draws to a close, and people appear to be optimistic about an upswing and plan to continue investing.

If you’re ready to take advantage of buying when the market is low, online investing with SoFi Invest is an easy way to get started.


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1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Crypto: Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies aren’t endorsed or guaranteed by any government, are volatile, and involve a high degree of risk. Consumer protection and securities laws don’t regulate cryptocurrencies to the same degree as traditional brokerage and investment products. Research and knowledge are essential prerequisites before engaging with any cryptocurrency. US regulators, including FINRA , the SEC , and the CFPB , have issued public advisories concerning digital asset risk. Cryptocurrency purchases should not be made with funds drawn from financial products including student loans, personal loans, mortgage refinancing, savings, retirement funds or traditional investments. Limitations apply to trading certain crypto assets and may not be available to residents of all states.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Price-to-Rent Ratio in 52 Cities

Better to buy or rent? The price-to-rent ratio is a reference point that can help gauge affordability in any city — especially for people on the move. More specifically, the price-to-rent ratio can be helpful when looking at a certain area and deciding whether to sink your life savings into a home, or pay a landlord and wait to buy.

Read on to see the home price-to-rent ratio in some of the biggest U.S. cities.

Key Points

•   The price-to-rent ratio is a measure of whether it’s more affordable to rent or buy a home in a particular city.

•   It is calculated by dividing the median home price by the annual rent.

•   A price-to-rent ratio below 20 suggests that buying is more affordable, while a ratio above 20 indicates renting may be more cost-effective.

•   The price-to-rent ratio varies across cities, with some cities having ratios well above 20 and others below.

•   Factors such as housing market conditions and local economic factors can influence the price-to-rent ratio in different cities.

First, What Is the Price-to-Rent Ratio?

The price-to-rent ratio compares the median home price and the median annual rent in a given area. (You’ll remember that the median is the midpoint, where half the numbers are lower and half are higher.) To make sense of a city’s price-to-rent ratio, here’s a general idea of what the number suggests:

•   A ratio of 1 to 15 typically indicates that it’s more favorable to buy than rent in a given community.

•   A ratio of 16 to 20 indicates that it’s typically better to rent than buy.

•  A ratio of 21 or more indicates that it’s much better to rent than buy.

As you can see, the ratios could be useful when considering whether to rent or buy. Investors also often look at the ratios before purchasing a rental property.

The number also may be used as an indicator of an impending housing bubble. A substantial increase in the ratio could mean that renting is becoming a much more attractive option in that specific housing market.

If you’re exploring different areas, it can also be a good idea to estimate mortgage payments based on median home prices. That way, you can determine if it’s a cost you can reasonably afford to add to your budget on a monthly basis.

Recommended: How to Apply for a Home Loan Online

Price-to-Rent Ratio by City

Here are 52 popular metropolitan areas and their price-to-rent ratios. As of the third quarter of 2022, the median home sale price in the U.S. was $454,900, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis reported.

Median sale price listed comes from Redfin as of December 2022. Median rents listed come from the Zumper National Rent Report from November 2022, based on a one-bedroom apartment. Remember, as home prices and rents shift over time, so do the ratios.

1. San Francisco

It’s no secret that San Francisco housing prices are way up there. The median sale price was $1,352,500, and the median rent for a one-bedroom apartment was $3,000 per month (or $36,000 a year). That gives the hilly city a price-to-rent ratio of nearly 38.

2. San Jose, Calif.

Golden State housing continues its pricey reputation in San Jose. The median sale price here was $1,222,500, and the city had a median one-bedroom rent of $30,480 annually ($2,540 a month), leading to a price-to-rent ratio of 40.

3. Seattle

The Emerald City had a median sale price of $820,000. Meanwhile, the median annual rent for a one-bedroom was $23,160, for a price-to-rent ratio of around 35.

4. Los Angeles

A median sale price of $965,000 and a median one-bedroom rent of $29,160 a year ($2,430 a month) shines a Hollywood light on renting, with a rent-to-price ratio of 33.

5. Long Beach, Calif.

With a median home price of $765,000 and one-bedroom rent averaging $1,770 a month, Long Beach earned a ratio of 36.

6. Honolulu

The ratio in the capital of Hawaii is a steamy 25, with a $552,500 median sale price and a median rent of $21,600 per year.

7. Oakland, Calif.

Oakland, across the bay from San Francisco, had a median sale price of $870,000 and median rent of $26,760 a year ($2,230 a month). This earned the location a price-to-rent ratio of 32.

8. Austin, Texas

A hotbed for artists, musicians, and techies, Austin had a price-to-rent ratio of nearly 27. This was thanks to a median sale price of $540,000 and median annual rent of $20,160.

9. San Diego

Hop back to Southern California beaches and “America’s Finest City,” where a median sale price of $835,000 and median rent of $30,000 a year led to a ratio of almost 28.

10. New York, N.Y.

The median sale price here was $790,000 and median rent was $45,480 a year ($3,790 a month), which equates to a price-to-rent ratio of roughly 17.

Of course, the city is composed of five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island, and it’s probable that most of the sales under $790,000 were not in Manhattan (where the median sale price was $1.2 million) or Brooklyn (where the median was $950,000). Just looking at Manhattan using the same annual average rent figure, the ratio looks more like 26.

11. Boston

With a median sale price of $775,000 and median rent of $36,000 a year, Beantown had a price-to-rent ratio of over 21.

12. Portland, Ore.

The midpoint of buying here of late was $524,500, compared with median rent of $18,480 per year, for a price-to-rent ratio of 28.

13. Tucson, Ariz.

In Tucson, the median sale price of $329,950 and median annual rent of $11,280 came out to a ratio of 29.

14. Denver

The Mile High City logged a renter-leaning ratio of nearly 29, thanks to a median sale price of $575,000 and median annual rent cost of $20,040.

15. Colorado Springs, Colo.

With a median sale price of $420,000 and annual rent of $14,760, this city at the eastern foot of the Rocky Mountains had a recent price-to-rent ratio of 28.

16. Albuquerque, N.M.

In the Southwest, Albuquerque heated up to a ratio of 26, based on a median home sale price of $300,000 and annual rent of $11,400.

17. Washington, D.C.

The nation’s capital is another pushpin on the map with a high cost of living. The median sale price of $650,000 compares with median rent of $27,600 annually ($2,300 a month), translating to a ratio of nearly 24.

18. Mesa, Ariz.

With a median sale price of $430,000 and median annual rent of $16,320, Mesa has a price-to-rent ratio of 26.

19. Las Vegas

Sin City has reached a ratio of 25, based on a $385,000 median sale price vs. $15,600 in annual rent.

20. Phoenix

Phoenix’s price-to-rent ratio has revved up to 24, with a median home sale price of $408,000 and $16,680 in rent.

21. Raleigh, N.C.

North Carolina’s capital, the City of Oaks, logs a ratio of nearly 27. This is based on a $407,500 median home sale price and median annual rent of $15,240.

22. Tulsa, Okla.

Tulsa had a price-to-rent ratio of 19, with median annual rent of $10,680 and home sale prices at a median of $203,750.

23. Dallas

This sprawling city had a recent median sale price of $400,000 and median annual rent of $17,040, leading to a price-to-rent ratio of 23.

24. Sacramento, Calif.

This Northern California city had a recent median sale price of $450,000 and median annual rent of $18,720, for a price-to-rent ratio of 24.

25. Fresno, Calif.

Fresno makes the list with a price-to-rent ratio of 20, based on median home sale prices of $380,000 and median annual rent of $15,960.

26. Oklahoma City

The capital of Oklahoma had one of the lower price-to-rent ratios until recent home price spikes. It logs a ratio of 24 lately, based on a median sale price of $251,800 and median annual rent of $10,440.

27. Arlington, Texas

Back to the Lone Star State, this city between Fort Worth and Dallas has a price-to-rent ratio of 24. This is thanks to a median sales price of $320,000 and median annual rent of $13,200.

28. San Antonio

This Texas city southwest of Austin had a median sale price of $285,000 and median annual rent of $13,920, resulting in a price-to-rent ratio of 20.

29. El Paso, Texas

El Paso traded a low price-to-rent ratio for a higher one when home prices rose. It’s at a 23, based on recent figures of a median sale price of $235,000 and median rent at $10,200 a year.

30. Omaha, Neb.

With a median sale price of $255,000 and median annual rent of $10,920, Omaha has a recent home price-to-rent ratio of 23.

31. Nashville, Tenn.

The first Tennessee city on this list is the Music City, with a price-to-rent ratio of 21. Nashville has a median sale price of $440,000 and a median annual rent of $20,400 ($1,700 per month).

32. Virginia Beach, Va.

The ratio here has nearly reached 20, based on a median home sale price of $330,000 and median rent of $16,800 per year.

33. Tampa, Fla.

This major Sunshine State city has a price-to-rent ratio of almost 21, based on a median home sale price of $410,000 and median annual rent of $19,800.

34. Jacksonville, Fla.

This east coast Florida city had a recent ratio of 19, based on a median sale price of $289,000 and median rent of $15,000 per year.

35. Charlotte, N.C.

Charlotte’s price-to-rent ratio of 22 arises from a median home sale price of $391,900 and median annual rent of $17,760.

36. Fort Worth, Texas

Panther City’s price-to-rent ratio has crept up to 22, based on a median home sale price of $340,000 and median rent of $15,120 per year.

37. Houston

Houston, we have a number: it’s a price-rent-ratio of 19. That’s based on a median sale price of $305,000 and median annual rent of $16,080.

38. Louisville, Ky.

Kentucky’s largest city has a median home sale price of $224,950 and median annual rent of $12,720. That leaves Louisville with a price-to-rent ratio of almost 18.

39. Columbus, Ohio

The only Ohio city on this list has a price-to-rent ratio of 19, due to a median sale price of $249,900 and median annual rent of $12,840.

40. Atlanta

Heading South, Atlanta has a median sale price of $400,000 and median annual rent of $19,440, for a price-to-rent ratio of 20.

41. Miami

Those looking to put down roots in this vibrant city will find a price-to-rent ratio of just under 19, based on a median home sale price of $525,000 and median rent of $19,200 annually.

42. Minneapolis

The Mini-Apple is sweeter on renting, with a ratio of 21. This is based on a median sale price of $320,000 and median annual rent of $14,880.

43. New Orleans

Next up is another charming southern city. New Orleans has a price-to-rent ratio of nearly 18, given a median sale price of $325,000 and median rent of $18,240 per year.

44. Kansas City, Mo.

In this Show-Me State city, a median home value of $246,000 and median annual rent of $12,720 equate to a price-to-rent ratio of 19.

45. Chicago

Chi-Town’s 14 price-to-rent ratio is based on a $310,000 median home sale price and $22,440 median annual rent.

46. Memphis, Tenn.

Memphis logs a price-to-rent ratio of nearly 15, with a median home sale price of $179,500 and median annual rent of $12,240.

47. Indianapolis

The ratio in this capital city is 18, thanks to a median home sale price of $225,000 and median annual rent of $12,360.

48. Philadelphia

This major East Coast city had a recent median sale price of $250,750 and median annual rent of $17,640, for a price-to-rent ratio of 14.

49. Baltimore

Charm City had a recent median home sale price of $215,000 and median annual rent of $16,560, resulting in a price-to-rent ratio of 13.

50. Newark, N.J.

Newark, anyone? The median sale price here is $409,000, with median rent at $1,400 a month (or $16,800 a year), leading to a ratio of 24.

51. Milwaukee

Milwaukee is slightly more favorable to homebuyers than renters, thanks to a price-to-rent ratio of 15. This Midwest city had a recent median sale price of $180,000 and median annual rent of $11,640.

52. Detroit

Detroit saw a spike in home sale prices, though the latest median sale price was a relatively low $82,000, compared with median annual rent of $13,200. This resulted in a price-to-rent ratio of 6.

Recommended: Cost of Living Index by State

How to Calculate Price-to-Rent Ratio

If you don’t see your city on the list, rest assured that it’s possible to calculate price-to-rent ratio yourself. To do so, you’ll simply take the median home sale price in your area and divide it by median annual rent.

Here’s an example: Let’s say the median rent in a city is $3,000 a month, and the median sale price is $1 million. You’d divide $1 million by $36,000 ($3,000 per month multiplied by 12, the number of months in the year). The result is a price-to-rent ratio of nearly 28.

The Takeaway

The price-to-rent ratio lends insight into whether a city is more favorable to buyers or renters. Usually in a range of 1 to 21-plus, the ratio is useful to house hunters, renters, and investors who want to get the lay of the land.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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