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In a competitive market, buyers have been known to waive contingencies, increase earnest money, insert escalation clauses, and pen love letters. Yes, that’s right: personal letters to sellers in an attempt to stand out from the crowd.

The National Association of Realtors® (NAR) isn’t feeling the love for “love letters” because they often contain personal information about the buyer, like their race and culture, that could make sellers and their agents vulnerable to accusations of discrimination.

Oregon was poised to ban homebuyer offer letters until a federal judge permanently blocked the law in March 2022. That month a Rhode Island representative introduced a bill to outlaw the practice in her state, calling it “kind of a very quiet way of redlining, potentially,” before the bill was held for further study.

So the practice goes on, legally, as of now, despite the letters’ tepid sway. A Zillow survey of partner agents showed that love letters were the least successful strategy for winning the deal (all-cash offers made sellers’ hearts beat fastest).

If you’re inclined to write a homebuyer love letter, here are tips.

1. Make a Strong Opening

Remember handwriting? Do your best and write your letter on a nice piece of stationery. You’re trying to humanize yourself in the eyes of the seller, and a handwritten note can go a long way toward doing so.

Address the seller by name if possible, searching for it online, or asking your real estate agent. As you write the letter, convey a friendly tone and a sincere message.

2. Tell the Owner About Yourself

You might choose to tell the sellers something memorable about your family, that you plan to raise kids in the house, or that the yard is perfect for your dogs.

You could also talk about where you’re moving from and why. Maybe you’ve taken a new job, you’re looking for a sense of community, and you fell in love with this neighborhood.

If you mention your family, just realize that familial status is protected against discrimination under federal housing rules. (In this case, sellers or their agents are not to act with bias against, or in favor of, families with children. The point of the Fair Housing Act is to create a level playing field for all people renting or buying a home, getting a mortgage, or seeking housing assistance.)

3. Think Twice About Sending Photos

Photos are part of what makes NAR uneasy, because race, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, religion, and familial status are protected against housing discrimination under the Fair Housing Act.

Yet many real estate agents allow buyer clients to include photos with their offer letters.

The NAR director of legal affairs advises Realtors to “avoid helping buyer clients to draft or deliver love letters. … Counsel them to focus on the characteristics of the home or other objective information.”

Still, buyer love letters are actually encouraged by some agencies — along with photos and even videos.

4. Share What You Like Best About the Home

Why you want to buy the home is the central theme of your letter. So you may want to tell the sellers somewhere near the top what you like best about their house.

Mention details. For example, maybe you like the large front porch and can picture gathering there with friends and family on summer nights. Or maybe you’ve become enamored of the kitchen, where you’ll perfect your bread-making skills. If, by chance, the property has an ADU, you could describe your plans for it.

You could throw in a bit of flattery, letting the sellers know how much you appreciate how they’ve maintained the home.

5. Find a Connection

One way to develop a relationship with someone is to find common traits or interests. If you notice that you and the sellers share an interest, it can’t hurt to let them know.

Perhaps you’re a gardener, and it’s clear they’ve got the plant bug. Maybe you have a passion for pottery, and the seller has a small ceramics studio. Or maybe you noticed a jersey from your favorite basketball team.

As you hunt for a connection, be careful not to cross any personal boundaries that might make the seller uncomfortable.

6. Explain Your Offer

Once you’ve given a sense of yourself and why you want to live in this house, you can get down to explaining your offer. Be honest and respectful as you give context.

If you’re living in a time of bidding wars and your offer isn’t the highest, there’s no need to dance around it. You could explain that the house is your dream home, but it’s at the top of your price range and that you respectfully ask the seller to consider your offer.

If the sellers are selling and buying at the same time, you could mention your willingness to do a rent-back agreement that would allow them to lease their former house from you for a set period of time.

7. Let Them Know You Are Serious

Selling a home is a lot of work. The last thing sellers want on their hands is a buyer who slows down the process and might not even make it through closing.

Make sure your letter reiterates that you are pre-approved for a mortgage and are flexible about closing dates.

8. Mind the Length

If there’s a lot of interest in a property, sellers might receive many love letters. They may not have the time, or interest, to read long-winded missives, so keep yours short and sweet, perhaps one page.

9. Thank the Owners

The close of your letter should be as strong as the opening. This is your last chance to make an impression, weave in some personal notes, and make any final flattering remarks.

Thank the sellers for considering your offer, and let them know you are looking forward to hearing from them soon.

10. Avoid Negativity

Some things are better left unsaid, like changes you’d like to make. The sellers may have spent a long while making their home perfect in their eyes. So even if you want to open up the floor plan and pull up the carpet, it’s a good idea to keep those thoughts to yourself for now.

You don’t want to make market prices, or this particular one, sound unfair. And it’s smart to avoid pressuring the sellers in any way, as with talk about time constraints.

Finally, don’t contradict anything that might go into a purchase agreement.

The Takeaway

In a seller’s market, a so-called love letter gives buyers a chance to distinguish themselves. Though not all real estate agents are keen on clients sending personal letters, the practice continues.

Home shoppers in an active market will want to get pre-qualified and then pre-approved. Learn the SoFi Mortgage advantages: loans with competitive fixed rates and low down payment options.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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When a federal Direct PLUS Loan is made to a graduate or professional student, it’s commonly called a grad PLUS loan. A grad PLUS loan can help you pay for graduate school costs that aren’t covered by other types of financial aid.

Grad PLUS loans allow you to borrow up to the full cost of attendance from the U.S. Department of Education as long as you’re enrolled at least half-time at a school that participates in the Direct Loan Program, you don’t have an adverse credit history, and you meet the eligibility requirements for federal financial aid.

Here’s what to know about grad PLUS loans as well as other options that can help you pay for graduate or professional school.

What Is a Graduate PLUS Loan?

A graduate PLUS loan is a federal Direct PLUS Loan that’s made to a graduate or professional student. When a Direct PLUS Loan is made to a parent of an undergraduate student, it’s called a parent PLUS loan.

Unlike other types of federal student loans, Direct PLUS Loans take your credit history into account. You may still be able to qualify for a grad PLUS loan if you have an adverse credit history, but you’ll have to meet additional eligibility requirements, such as having an endorser on your loan.

Another way PLUS Loans differ from other federal loans: You can borrow up to the full cost of school attendance and use the money to pay for tuition, room, board, and fees. Grad PLUS loans are not based on financial need (the way Direct Subsidized Loans for undergraduate student loans are), which means students can apply for one regardless of income level.

Keep in mind that PLUS Loans have some of the highest interest rates of all federal loans. For this reason, it’s a good idea to start by considering a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, another federal student loan.

You can borrow up to $20,500 per year with a Direct Unsubsidized Loan and the interest rate for graduate students is 5.28% for loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2021, and before July 1, 2022. You’ll pay more in interest for a Direct PLUS Loan — a fixed 6.28% interest rate for loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2021, and before July 1, 2022).

How Do Grad PLUS Loans Work?

If you’re approved for a grad PLUS loan, the maximum amount of your student loan will be the cost of attendance minus any other financial aid you receive, such as scholarships, grants, or fellowships. Your school will apply the funds to cover fees such as tuition, room and board, and any other school charges. If there are funds left over, you can use them for other educational expenses, such as books for classes.

You’ll also pay an origination fee with graduate PLUS loan, which covers the U.S. Department of Education’s cost of issuing your loan. The loan fee for the 2021 to 2022 academic year is 4.228% (higher than the 1.057% origination fee on a federal Direct Unsubsidized Loan); this amount will be deducted from the funds you receive.

With a federal grad PLUS loan, you won’t have to make any loan payments if you are enrolled at least half-time in school and for six months after graduation, but interest will begin to accrue as soon as the loan is issued.

You can opt to pay the interest while you’re in school or allow the interest to be capitalized and added to the principal balance of your loan. You’ll likely have between 10 and 25 years to repay your loan, depending on the loan repayment plan that you choose.

Requirements for a Direct Grad PLUS Loan

In order to get a grad PLUS loan you must be enrolled at least half-time at an eligible university or program that participates in the federal student loan program (known as the William D. Ford Direct Loan Program), have a good credit history, and meet the general eligibility requirements for federal student aid.

Again, to be eligible for a Direct PLUS Loan, you must not have an adverse credit history. If you do, you may still be able to receive a grad PLUS loan if you have an endorser on your loan (someone who agrees to be responsible for your loan and pay it if you’re not able to) who doesn’t have an adverse credit history. Another option is to explain the extenuating circumstances for your adverse credit history to the U.S. Department of Education. Both of these options require PLUS credit counseling.

Applying for a Federal Grad PLUS Loan

Before applying for a grad PLUS loan, you’ll need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form on the Federal Student Aid website. And while most schools require you to fill out the grad PLUS loan application on the Student Aid site, some schools have different application processes, so check with your school’s financial aid office before you begin.

You’ll undergo a credit check to verify that you don’t have an adverse credit history. You may also need to undergo credit counseling if this is your first PLUS loan. If approved, you’ll sign a Master Promissory Note (MPN) agreeing to repay the loan according to its terms, along with interest and fees.

What Does a Graduate PLUS Loan Cover?

While a graduate PLUS loan can only be used to cover education expenses, those expenses can include:

•   Tuition

•   Room and board (including off-campus housing)

•   Fees

•   Other expenses required by the school

As mentioned earlier, the maximum amount of a graduate PLUS loan amount is based on the costs of your school for that academic year.

Pros and Cons of Graduate PLUS Loans

Grad PLUS loans are not for everyone. Here are some of the pros and cons to consider as you decide whether this type of loan is right for you.

Alternative Financing Options

Before taking out a grad PLUS loan, it’s helpful to consider other ways to finance the cost of graduate or professional school. Alternative options include the Federal Work-Study program, getting a job or teaching fellowship, applying for grants and scholarships, and looking into other types of federal or private loans.

Work-Study

The Federal Work-Study Program provides part-time employment to help undergraduate and graduate students with financial need pay for the cost of school. To qualify for Work-Study, you must file the FAFSA (which opens on October 1 each year), and it’s a good idea to apply early because each school has limited funds.

The amount you can earn depends on the type of work you get, how much your school can offer, as well as your application date, level of financial need, and FAFSA application date. And you cannot earn over the amount of money awarded to you in your financial aid award.

Assistantship Positions

Many universities offer teaching- or research-based assistantships. In return for doing work or research for the school, the school may offer you free or reduced tuition, a monthly stipend, and/or health insurance.

Through an assistantship, you are often considered an employee of the school and you may do a range of work from teaching undergraduate classes or proctoring exams to helping with research projects or collaborating on publishing scholarly articles.

Fellowships

While the terms of a graduate fellowship can vary depending on your school or field, they are often merit-based awards of financial aid to support students pursuing advanced study.

Your school may offer them internally or they may come from an external source.

Fellowships may include a stipend or cost-of-education allowance in addition to support for other educational expenses. Types of fellowships include predoctoral fellowships, dissertation fellowships, and traineeships. Check with your school for more details about these opportunities and to learn more about how to apply.

Job Opportunities

Even if you don’t qualify for any of the above employment options, getting a job can help offset the amount you have to borrow for graduate school. Some companies may even offer tuition reimbursement.

While you’ll have to balance a job with your class schedule and workload, getting a job while you attend graduate school can offer benefits beyond just a paycheck including: gaining real-world skills, employee benefits, and the ability to add some professional experience to your resume.

Scholarships and Grants

There are a range of graduate school scholarships and grants you can apply for to help finance the cost of advanced studies. Scholarships are typically merit-based and grants are often need-based.

This type of funding is ideal because you don’t need to pay it back. You can find both federal and state grants as well as scholarships from schools or independent organizations, such as nonprofits or companies. The key is to do your research (one place to start: the U.S. Department of Labor’s scholarship search tool ) to track down opportunities and apply to a range of options.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans

As mentioned earlier, PLUS Loans have some of the highest interest rates of all federal loans. So it’s worth applying for a federal Direct Unsubsidized Loan before opting for a PLUS loan since it has a lower interest rate.

You can borrow up to $20,500 per year with a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, up to the aggregate federal loan limit of $138,500. Keep in mind that any outstanding undergraduate federal loans that you have will count toward this total amount.

Private Loans

A private student loan — from a bank, online lender, college, credit union, or other private institution — can help make up the difference between what a student can borrow in federal loans for the cost of graduate school and the remaining education expenses after other sources of income from grants, scholarships, work-study, or jobs are taken into account.

Keep in mind that private loans differ from federal loans and they don’t offer the same benefits and protections, such as income-driven repayment, deferment and forbearance and forgiveness programs like Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).

It’s important to do your research, shop around, and find the best loan options for your personal financial situation. You’ll also need to have strong credit (or have a cosigner who does) and meet eligibility criteria to qualify with a private lender.

If you’re considering a private loan, SoFi offers graduate school loans for with flexible terms, no fees, and no prepayment penalties.

The Takeaway

A grad PLUS loan is a federal Direct PLUS Loan made to a graduate or professional student to help cover the cost of graduate school. Unlike other federal student loans, grad PLUS loans take your credit history into account so if you have an adverse credit history, you’ll need to meet additional eligibility requirements to qualify.

Grad PLUS loans allow you to borrow up to the full cost of attendance for graduate school minus the amount of financial aid you receive from other sources. These loans have some of the highest interest rates of all federal loans and a higher origination fee, so you will likely want to pursue a federal Direct Unsubsidized Loan first.

It’s also a good idea to explore alternative financing options to help cover the cost of graduate school, such as federal Work-Study opportunities, assistantships and fellowships, scholarships and grants, getting a job, as well as federal and private loans.

If you have a high interest rate on existing loans or need to lower your monthly payment before grad school or after you graduate, student loan refinancing is one option to consider. SoFi offers flexible terms, no fees, no prepayment penalties — and you can view your rate in two minutes.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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To be or not to be: Hamlet’s existential question may well be applied to the question of should I get a credit card. While stories of snowballing debt can scare people away, credit cards can be valuable financial tools when used responsibly.

Before you apply, however, you should consider the reasons why to get a credit card and understand the ins and outs of using one. Read on for a rundown of when you should get a credit card, and when you might reconsider.

What Is a Credit Card?

A credit card is a payment mechanism that can substitute for cash or a check. The credit card itself — a thin piece of plastic or metal that may be presented in physical form or saved on your phone — is usually an unsecured line of credit.

Your credit card will have a credit limit, which represents the maximum amount of money you can borrow. The average credit limit is around $30,000, but limits vary depending on credit history and credit score.

Your card will also come with an interest rate, which is the amount of interest you’ll pay on any balance remaining at the end of each billing cycle. Interest rates can range from 0% and up; a good APR for a credit card will depend on your specifics, such as your credit card, but in general, the lower the better.

Credit cards also may have rewards programs, such as travel rewards, cash back, access to events or programs and more. There may also be benefits included with a card like purchase protection and insurance offerings.

Recommended: Does Applying For a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score

When to Consider Getting a Credit Card

Should I apply for a credit card? The answer to this depends on a few factors. For one, you’ll want to make sure you’re getting a credit card for the right reasons. Potentially valid reasons for why to get a credit card may include:

You want to build credit. A credit card can be a great way to build your credit history. By using a credit card and then paying off the balance on time and in full each month, you practice good credit habits and help improve your credit score. A strong credit score can potentially aid you in getting approved for car loans, mortgages, apartment rentals, and more.

You’re making a large purchase. Whether it’s a laptop for school or furniture for your apartment, putting a purchase on a credit card can provide purchase protection. This includes potentially being able to get your money back if the product isn’t as expected or services aren’t rendered. Additionally, some credit cards may offer promotional deals on APR, which could allow you to spread out your payments on your big purchase without paying interest.

You want more protection for your money. While fraudulent charges can still occur on a credit card, there are more protections in place to help protect your credit and identity with a credit card as opposed to cash or a debit card. Many major credit card companies even offer zero liability protection, which means you aren’t liable for any fraudulent charges made on your card in the event of theft or fraud.

You’re planning a trip. A credit card can be a good “just in case” tool to have in your wallet if you’re traveling. Some people like using a credit card for trip planning and expenses. Credit cards also may offer travel perks, such as checked baggage at no cost, or insurance protection, depending on the card.

Recommended: What is a Charge Card

Things to Know Before Getting Your First Credit Card

A credit card can make you feel like you have financial freedom. But with freedom comes responsibility. Here are some tips to keep in mind before you get your first credit card:

Pay your bills on time. Your payment history is a large part of your overall credit score. Setting up autopay as soon as you get your card can ensure that you never accidentally miss a payment.

Understand your credit utilization ratio. Your credit utilization ratio is the amount of money you owe on your cards compared to how much money is available for you to borrow. The lower your credit utilization ratio, the better. Even if you can’t pay your balance in full, paying as much of the balance as you can is helpful in keeping your credit utilization ratio low.

Check your statement every month. Be aware of how much you’re spending on the card. Check your statements and flag any charge that seems unfamiliar. This could be a sign of fraudulent activity.

Create financial habits that stick. Some people like to use their card for automated payments each month on a standard bill, like a cell phone bill. Others like to use their card for specific purchases, like gas or groceries. There are many “right” ways to do credit cards, so it’s helpful to figure out what works for you before you start swiping.

Stay within your means. Some people are tempted to spend when they have a credit card. Make sure to stick within your means and only purchase what you would have been able to cover with cash. It isn’t easy to get credit card debt forgiveness if you take on more debt than you can handle, so you’ll want to avoid that road if possible.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due

When Not To Consider Getting a Credit Card

You know yourself best, and you may have a sense opening a credit card may make it too tempting to go overboard. Here are some reasons to not open a credit card:

A partner or friend is pressuring you to do so. If a partner or friend needs access to money and suggests you open a credit card, this could lead to pressure to spend beyond what you can afford.

You’re still working on money management. If you’re still working on money management, sticking to debit cards or buy now, pay later arrangements may help you build up to being able to confidently use a credit card.

You want to buy something you can’t afford. It may be tempting to put a trip or a big purchase on a credit card, but this can potentially cause your finances to spiral out of control. Even if a credit card offers 0% interest, only putting what you can afford to pay off on a credit card is a good rule of thumb.

Pros and Cons of Opening a Credit Card

Weighing the pros and cons of a credit card can help you assess whether or not you should get one.

Avoiding Credit Card Traps

As evidenced in the history of credit cards, high interest rates and the ease of spending beyond your means with a credit card can land you in debt. However, you can have a credit card and avoid these traps with these tips in mind:

•   Only spend what you can afford. One way to avoid racking up debt on your credit card is to treat your credit card as you would cash. This means only spending as much as you already have in your pocket, with other budgetary concerns still in mind.

•   Always pay your balance in full. Whenever possible, it’s important to pay your balance in full each month. This can help you from incurring interest, which can easily tip you into a debt cycle and make it more difficult to pay off your credit card balance in subsequent months.

•   Set your bill payments to autopay. You can always set the autopay to the minimum, then manually log in and pay the balance in full. This will ensure you’re always on time with your payments — an important factor in determining your credit score.

•   Check your credit card statement each month. Make sure to look over your statements every month to check for any errors or unexpected charges. This can also help you to notice your spending habits and anywhere you can potentially cut back.

•   Don’t get stuck chasing rewards. Rewards can be a helpful part of how credit cards work, but as you’re learning to use credit, simpler is better. Consider sticking to just one card in the first few years of building credit, and be careful about spending just to snag rewards.

Alternatives to Using a Credit Card

There are alternatives to credit cards, which can still give you some of the benefits that a credit card might offer.

Use Buy Now, Pay Later Loans

Loans that offer fixed payment strategies to pay off a purchase are becoming more popular. Called installment loans, these loans offer funds that cover the amount of a purchase. Many do not charge interest, but late fees may apply for missed payments.

Like credit cards, it can be easy to overspend with a buy now, pay later loan. Additionally, your creditworthiness may get checked each time you use one of these loans to cover a purchase, which could negatively impact your credit score if it’s a hard inquiry.

Become an Authorized User

As an authorized user, your name is added to someone else’s credit card account, such as that of a parent. In some cases, you may get your own card and be able to make purchases. But in other cases, the person may add you to the card without giving you access. Either way, this can help build your credit history and credit score without the responsibility of having a credit card account under your own name.

Recommended: Tips for Using a Credit Card Responsibly

Consider a Secured Credit Card

A secured credit card can be helpful for people who don’t have a credit history and may not be able to get approved for a traditional credit card. With a secured credit card, you may pay a deposit, such as $500. This then becomes your credit limit. Over time, and with good credit behavior, you may be able to switch your card to a traditional, unsecured card.

FAQ

Should I get a credit card at age 18?

You can get a credit card at age 18, but you don’t have to do so. If your parents or a relative has a good credit history, consider asking to become an authorized user on their account, which can help build your credit. Keep in mind that if you do decide to apply for a credit card at 18, you must either provide proof of income or get a cosigner.

Are there risks of having a credit card?

Risks of having a credit card include spending beyond your means. This, coupled with high interest rates, could lead to debt that is hard to pay down. By learning to use a card responsibly, you can help mitigate these risks.

How do I choose the right credit card?

The right credit card for you depends on multiple factors, including how you plan to use the card, the interest rate offered, and the perks and rewards of the card. But it’s okay to keep things simple for your first credit card and not get too into the weeds comparing rewards and perks. As you build your credit, you can potentially explore additional cards.

How can I get a credit card with no credit history?

If you have no credit history, you can become an authorized user on a relative or trusted friend’s account. Another option is to apply for a secured credit card. With a secured credit card, you’ll put down a deposit that will become your credit limit. You can then use the card to build credit. Over time, you may be able to switch your credit card from a secured credit card to an unsecured credit card as your credit grows.

¹See Rewards Details at SoFi.com/card/rewards.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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