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If you’re thinking, ‘Do I need a will?’ chances are, the answer is yes. Thinking about a will can feel morbid and unnecessary, especially when you’re young, healthy, and still growing your wealth. And it’s true that not everyone needs a will, especially if you’re single and growing your worth. What’s more, because the term “will” can be used to encompass end-of-life directives, it can confusing to know exactly what people mean if they say, “You should have a will.”

So, we’re here to clarify the topic. Read on to learn exactly which documents are needed if the worst were to happen and you were unable to make your end-of-life wishes known.

What Does a Will Really Do?

Simply speaking, a will dictates what will happen to your assets when you die. It can also be used to provide direction for who will care for any children and pets you have. Without a will, your property will be passed on according to state law, which means that your belongings may go to your spouse or nearest surviving relative, like a parent or sibling.

In some cases, this can be fine. But for people with children or people who own a home, this may not be ideal. Not only that, but dying without a will may put a burden on surviving relatives, leading to a costly and complex process.

In short, a will can communicate your wishes. For instance, it can:

•   Dictate who the executor (the person who administrates the will) is

•   Make a plan for how property will be distributed

•   Make a plan for how children or pets will be cared for

•   Make a plan for how debts and taxes will be paid

Creating a will does not need to be a long and complicated process. But it does need to be legal. While handwritten wills are acceptable in some states, they may be subject to additional scrutiny and may still need a signed witness to be valid.

Recommended: How To Make a Will: 7 Steps

What Does a Will Not Cover?

Let’s review some terms to see what different documents do:

•   A simple will determines what happens to your assets after you die.

•   A living will and other advance directives dictate what may happen if you were incapacitated and unable to make medical decisions. Both can be drawn up at the same time. These are legal documents that spell out medical treatments you would and would not want to be used to keep you alive. It typically communicates your preferences about other decisions, such as pain management or organ donation. In addition, if you have very specific wishes about whom you want to make financial and healthcare decisions if you were to be incapacitated, a living will can document those. This can be helpful if, for example, you’re not married but would want your partner (and not your parents) making these decisions if you were unable to make them yourself.

The guidelines and requirements for creating these documents can vary state by state. Attorneys, as well as online planning templates, can provide the documents to cover all potential end-of-life what-ifs, including creating a living will and advance directive, as well as a standard will to cover all bases.

Recommended: What Happens If You Die Without A Will?

When Do You Need a Will?

In a nutshell, you need a will if you have a spouse, children, or considerable assets. A will can take the guesswork out of matters if you were to die and can avoid legal complications.

Even if your life is relatively “simple” to unpack, a will can ensure there are no uncertainties and that your survivors are crystal clear about your wishes. Some times to consider a will:

•   When you want to leave things to family and friends. These may not be valuables but could be meaningful, sentimental items

•   When you own property

•   When you have a spouse and/or children

•   When you want to provide to a charity

•   When you have a positive net worth

•   When you have a complicated financial picture

In short, a will can help answer any questions your survivors may have, simplifying a process that may be emotion-filled. It can also help provide peace of mind that if you were to die, your loved ones will have a road map.

Are You Married? You Need a Will

You may think a will isn’t necessary if you’re married. After all, your assets will simply go to your spouse, right? It’s not that simple. State laws do differ. Typically, but not always, spouses, domestic partners and blood relatives are first in line when it comes to receiving inheritance. Having a will ensures that you direct where you want your estate to go, protecting the interests of those closest to you.

Another issue comes up when you pass away without a will, which is known as being intestate: the state gets involved in a potentially lengthy process called probate. A court-appointed administrator will identify legal heirs and determine how your estate is divided and bills are paid, according to the laws of your state. This can make for a complicated situation in which your spouse must wait for an inheritance, potentially causing financial hardship.

There’s another reason why a will is valuable if you’re married. It’s likely you and your spouse will create what’s known as a mutual will (these should be created with a lawyer’s help). After one partner dies, the remaining party is bound by the terms of the mutual will. This kind of document can, for example, be used to ensure that property gets passed to the deceased’s children rather than to a new spouse. In this way, a will can smoothe family dynamics in the future and ensure that your wishes are followed.

Recommended: Joint Will: What Is a Mutual Will?

Do You Have Kids? You Need a Will

One motivating factor for creating a will is when a couple has children. A will not only allows you to choose a guardian for your children, but it also allows you to name a guardian for your children’s finances — and they don’t necessarily need to be the same person.

It’s important to create a will even if the assumption is that the child’s other parent will look after the children. Not only can a will provide a template for a what-if situation if both parents were to pass away, but it can also ensure that your children will receive the share of your estate that you desire when they’re older.

Having a will can minimize disruption in case the worst were to happen and one or both parents were to pass away. If there is no will, the court will decide, and while the court will keep the best interests of the children in mind, the parents are the ones who know the kids best and may have the best solution.

In short, a will allows you to make sure:

•   Children are cared for by the people you wish

•   Children’s finances are cared for by the people you wish

•   Adult children will receive the inheritance you desire them to have

•   Any unique circumstances regarding child care is taken into account

Do You Have a Positive Net Worth? You Need a Will

Even if you’re single, a will may make sense if you have a positive net worth (aka, more assets than debt), which may include owning a house. Depending on your net worth, you may consider creating a trust. This can help your family avoid the probate process.

You can also be very specific about how you want your assets allocated in the future. For example, you may want to provide gifts to charity upon your death.

You also want to check your beneficiaries for any accounts, including retirement accounts and life insurance policies. The named beneficiary takes precedence over who’s named in a will, so it can be a good idea to double check that the named beneficiary is the person you want to receive those assets.

Are You Young, Single, Asset-free, or Without Kids? You Don’t Need a Will (Yet)

While you may not need a will if you don’t have any dependents, property, or assets, it’s still worth thinking through what you do own. For example, if you have a life insurance policy or retirement account, make sure the beneficiary you name matches who you would want to have those funds as time passes.

But a will can ensure there is no confusion over your wishes, especially if you have pets to be cared for or mementos you know would be meaningful to the people in your life.

How to Set Up a Will

A 2021 survey of over 2,500 people from Caring.com, a caregiver website, found that the past year made more people realize the importance of having estate planning documents. However, 2 out of 3 people don’t yet have a will. One big justification: Not enough time to create a will.

However, creating a will does not need to be complex. Online templates can walk you through the process. An online template may be free or may cost $100 and up, depending on the complexity. More expensive templates may be state-specific and detailed.

One critical aspect: Make sure the will is legal in your state. This may mean the will needs to be notarized and signed in front of witnesses. Once you have a will completed, it can be a good idea to make several copies and let the person you’ve named executor know where they can find the will in case you were to die.

If you have multiple, complex assets (such as several jointly-owned properties or properties jointly-owned with different people) you may need an attorney. This may cost $1,000 and up but can give you the peace of mind that everything is covered.

The Takeaway

While creating a will may not exactly be a fun activity, it doesn’t need to be very time-consuming or expensive. It’s an important process that can deliver some valuable peace of mind for the future. It lets you know your “house is in order,” and that your wishes are clearly captured. With a will in place, your worldly goods go where you want them to go, and you ensure that loved ones are taken care of in the way you see fit. When you get these documents done, you’ll also save those nearest and dearest to you from having to deal with legal red tape during an emotionally challenging time. Yes, death and wills are a topic many of us would like to avoid. But being pragmatic and taking care of this important legal concern is the right, responsible step to take.

The Simple Way to Protect Loved Ones: SoFi and Trust & Will

To help you with this important process and make sure it isn’t arduous, SoFi has partnered with Trust & Will^*, the leading online estate planning platform in the U.S. — to give our members 10% off their trust, will, or guardianship estate plans.

Photo credit: iStock/evgenyatamanenko

SoFi member benefits are provided by third parties, not by SoFi or its affiliates. Providers pay royalty fees to SoFi for the user of its intellectual property. These fees are used for the general purposes of SoFi. Some provider offers are subject to change and may have restrictions. Please contact the provider directly for details.
^*Trust & Will, a leading digital estate planning platform, is offering a 10% discount specifically for SoFi members. No promo code required. The 10% discount is automatically applied at checkout to the initial purchase of any Guardian, Will, or Trust-based estate plan.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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With gasoline and home heating oil prices surging since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, consumers are looking for ways to cut their gas bills.

Crude oil prices have risen to their highest level since 2014 amid the war in Ukraine, which began in February 2022 — and has no clear path for a ceasefire in sight. Gasoline and heating oil are some of the petroleum products derived from crude oil, so higher gasoline and heating oil prices may be around for some time.

Fortunately, motorists and homeowners can save money on gas by embracing energy-efficient practices. Here are some of the easiest ways to reduce the pain both at the pump and when paying for heating costs.

15 Ways to Pay Less for Gas for Your Car and Home

Here are 15 ways you can pay less on fuel for your car and home heating system:

1. Follow the Speed Limit

Following the speed limit can help you save money on gas. In general, gas mileage decreases rapidly as you accelerate above 50 mph. Driving 55 mph rather than 65 mph can improve your gas mileage by 15%, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

2. Avoid Aggressive Driving

Aggressive driving, including speeding and rapid acceleration, can lower your gas mileage by 33% on the highway and by 5% on city roadways. Motorists who avoid aggressive driving can realize cost-savings by burning less fuel on roads and highways.

3. Remove Unnecessary Weight

Removing unnecessary weight from your vehicle can save money on gas. Storing an extra 100 pounds in your vehicle could reduce your miles per gallon by up to 2%, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

4. Use Cruise Control on Highways

Using cruise control on highways can help you save up to 14% on gas by maintaining a continuous speed. Constantly accelerating and decelerating burns more fuel, which gives you less bang for your buck on the road.

5. Keep Tires Properly Inflated

Keeping your tires properly inflated can improve your gas mileage by 3%. Conversely, driving with underinflated tires can decrease your gas mileage by 0.3% for each unit drop in pounds per square inch (psi) of air pressure.

6. Stick With Regular Gasoline

Gasoline prices vary by their octane level, with regular being the cheapest and premium being the most expensive. Unless your car requires premium fuel, you can save money by sticking with unleaded regular gasoline as opposed to choosing midgrade or premium alternatives.

President Joe Biden has predicted gas prices will go up further as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The potential for crude oil prices to continue rising may motivate some observers to invest in energy stocks. Others may see this as an ideal time to invest in utilities.

7. Don’t Idle When Parked

Allowing your car engine to run idle while parked is wasteful. Idling can consume up to half a gallon of fuel per hour, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. You can save gas money by turning off your car when it’s parked.

8. Search Online for Cheapest Fuel Stations

Some gas stations may offer cheaper fuel than other gas stations in your geographic area. You can search online for the cheapest gas stations in your area. Websites or apps like GasBuddy can help you find the lowest gas prices in your city or town.

9. Reduce Aerodynamic Drag

Your vehicle has to overcome wind resistance or aerodynamic drag whenever you drive it in the open. Reducing aerodynamic drag can save money on gas, and motorists can reduce aerodynamic drag by driving with the windows closed.

10. Minimize A/C Usage

Minimizing your vehicle’s air conditioner usage can save gas money. Using the air conditioner in some cases can reduce your vehicle’s fuel economy by more than 25%, which is akin to paying more at the pump over time, according to the EPA and U.S. Department of Energy.

11. Clean or Replace Air Filter as Necessary

Cleaning or replacing your vehicle’s air filter as necessary can save gas money, particularly if you’re driving an older vehicle manufactured before 1980. Older vehicles may feature a carbureted engine that becomes less fuel efficient when operating with a clogged air filter, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

12. Get Engine Tune-Ups as Needed

Getting engine tune-ups as needed can improve gas mileage by an average of 4%, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. An engine tune-up is a comprehensive inspection that determines whether any components of the engine need to be replaced.

13. Consider New Vehicle Options

You can consider buying a new or used vehicle with better gas mileage to save money on gas. Consumers can also consider buying all-electric vehicles to move away from gasoline and diesel fuel entirely.

14. Insulate Your Home

Homeowners can save up to 15% on heating and cooling costs by air sealing their homes and adding insulation in attics and other areas of the home, according to the EPA. This could be a worthwhile investment considering how the Ukraine invasion may affect oil, gas, and clean energy investments.

15. Lower Your Thermostat

Homeowners can save money on their home heating bills by setting their thermostats to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. The Delaware Public Service Commission says you can save 5% on your home heating costs for every degree you lower your thermostat below 70.

Considering the global economy and looking at oil and natural gas to understand Russia-Ukraine, homeowners in the New England and Mid-Atlantic states may consider thermostat adjustments as a cost-saving measure.

The Takeaway

The price of gasoline and heating oil may stay at its high level – or even rise as the conflict in Eastern Europe continues. Feeling the pinch in their wallets, consumers may want to try changing their habits and practices to be more energy efficient.

Another simple way to save money on gas is to pay for it using a credit card that offers cash back. [cc_three_percent]

Photo credit: iStock/ADragan

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¹See Rewards Details at SoFi.com/card/rewards.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.


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Medical school is a big commitment. Not only will students spend four years of their life working towards a medical degree, but they’ll pay a big chunk of change for it (financing medical school is a major undertaking and can lead to debt). Which is why choosing the right medical school is so important. Keep reading for insight into how to pick the right medical school and how to finance it.

What Is Medical School?

Medical school is a necessary step towards becoming a doctor and generally, it takes four years to complete in order to receive an M.D., N.D., or D.O. degree. After medical school, graduates will need to pursue a medical residency in their specialty before they can become practicing doctors.

Recommended: How to Pay for Medical School

Different Types of Medical Courses

One of the first steps potential medical students can take to find the right medical school for them, is to better understand the different types of medical courses there are. Once they know what type of medical courses they want to take, they can narrow their search to just medical schools that offer those courses.

Traditional Courses

Some medical students may be attracted to more traditional courses that have students finish two years of pre-clinical work before they move on to the three years of clinical work they need to complete to get their degree. Typically, pre-clinical work occurs in a classroom setting. This is where medical students can learn the key principles of medical science. Once they move on to the clinical work portion of their studies, they will need to work in hospitals or clinics with direct supervision, while attending lectures.

This combination educates students on medical practices while making sure they get the hands-on experience they need to use their pre-clinical knowledge in real life situations.

Integrated Courses

Integrated courses are becoming more and more popular at medical schools, as this style, of course, combines pre-clinical and clinical education. In an integrated course, medical students can expect to learn practical clinical skills and work through problem-based learning.

Often in integrated courses, a lot of the students’ work is self-directed and early patient contact is encouraged.

Intercalated Courses

Intercalated courses are unique, as they allow students to take a year out of medical school to earn a BSc or MSc in a related subject. It’s not a guarantee that every medical school will allow students to do this, but in some schools students have the option or are mandated to do intercalated courses.

Recommended: Making Sense of the Rising Cost of Medical School

How to Choose Your Medical School

Every medical student had to ask themself at one point, which medical school is right for me? Here’s a few factors medical students can take into consideration to make answering that very important question easier.

1. Cost

Med school tuition is pricey and it’s not uncommon for students to take on debt for medical school. On top of tuition, students will also need to pay additional costs such as service fees and textbooks.

While medical schools do offer financial aid such as grants and medical school scholarships to their students, it’s important to prepare for the cost of medical school as not everyone receives financial assistance.

Attending an in-state school could help medical students find a lower tuition cost than at out-of-state or private options. For example, at the University of Utah, tuition for medical school if the student lives in-state is about $40,000 a year, whereas out-of-state students can expect to pay closer to $77,000 a year on tuition at the same school.

Each school charges different tuition rates, but generally, staying in-state can save medical students a lot of money.

Recommended: Average Cost of Medical School

2. Programs Offered

Apart from their general MD program, medical schools typically have multiple programs to choose from that lead to different careers paths. Before applying to medical school, students can take into consideration how many different programs are offered, how many students are accepted to each program, how long their ideal program takes to finish, and how that program aligns with their career goals.

3. Admissions Criteria

One of the easiest ways to start a search for the right medical school is by looking for schools where the applicant meets the admissions criteria. Students can do some research on the admissions criteria for each school to make sure their qualifications lineup, as well as what they need to do to apply to each specific school.

4. Location

Location matters. The location of a medical school can affect how much it costs a student to attend, what their housing situation looks like, and what their lifestyles outside of school is like. By choosing a local school, students may be able to save money on tuition or be able to cut costs by living with a family member. Not to mention, some locations simply have a higher cost of living than others. Students can crunch the numbers on what it would cost them to live at each medical school they want to apply to, so they can get a better idea of what attending medical school will cost them as a whole.

5. Career Path Opportunities

There are a wide variety of career opportunities that can arise after medical school and not all of them involve working as a practicing doctor. Medical school graduates can pursue teaching, research, and business opportunities amongst other exciting career paths. Students can check what career path opportunities a school’s curriculum and counseling center support before they apply to get a feel for if that medical school can help them meet their unique career goals.

SoFi’s Private Student Loans For Medical School

Students that need to take out medical school student loans, may find that SoFi’s private student loans can meet their needs. It only takes minutes to apply online and borrowers can apply with a cosigner. Keep in mind that because private student loans don’t have to offer the same benefits or protections as federal student loans (like the opportunity to apply for Public Service Loan Forgiveness), they are generally considered by students only after they have thoroughly reviewed all other financing options.

Borrowers can repay their SoFi student loans in a way that works for them by choosing a monthly student loan payment and rate that fits their budget. Borrowers never have to worry about fees and can enjoy a six-month grace period after graduation so that they have time to get settled in their post-grad life before they need to start making monthly loan payments.

Recommended: Smart Medical School Loan Repayment Strategies

The Takeaway

Choosing medical schools to apply to is a lot of work, but that research is a key step students need to take to find the best medical school for them.

FAQ

Is 30 too old for med school?

No, 30 is not too old to attend medical school. Applicants that apply for medical school will be in their mid-thirties four years later whether or not they pursue a degree. It’s up to them if those four years make a difference in the scheme of things.

What makes a good med school?

A good medical school is one that meets the needs of the student, when it comes to location, finances, and program opportunities.

How do you compare med schools?

Potential medical students can take factors like cost, location, and areas of study into account to compare and contrast their different medical school options.

Photo credit: iStock/Courtney Hale

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Considering the average published college tuition according to The College Board ranges from $3,800 for a public two-year institution to $38,070 at private nonprofit four-year institutions, college students need all of the financial help that they can get.

One option is to use scholarships, which are a form of financial aid awarded to students to help pay for tuition and other education expenses. Unlike student loans, scholarships don’t need to be repaid.

Below, you’ll find the answers to “what is a scholarship?” as well as where to get a scholarship and the different types of scholarships that may be available to you.

What Is a Scholarship?

A scholarship is a form of financial aid that’s awarded to students to help pay for school. Over the last 10 years, the number of scholarships awarded has increased by 45%, according to the National Scholarship Providers Association (NSPA). Each year, there’s an estimated $46 billion in grants and scholarship money awarded by the U.S. Department of Education, colleges, and universities and an additional $7.4 billion awarded through private scholarships and fellowships.

Scholarships can be delivered in a lump-sum payment or the scholarship award can be broken up into multiple payments that are sent out each semester or school year. Depending on the scholarship, funds can either be sent directly to the student or sent to the school and the student would pay any additional money owed for tuition, fees, room, and board.

Scholarships are awarded based on a number of different criteria, including academic achievement, athletic achievement, community involvement, job experience, the field of study, financial need, and more.

Unlike student loans, scholarships don’t need to be repaid. Scholarships are generally considered gift aid.

What Is a Full-Ride Scholarship?

A full-ride scholarship is an award that covers everything — tuition, books, fees, room, board, and sometimes even living expenses. Full ride scholarships mean no other additional aid is needed to pay for school.

Full-ride scholarships are highly sought after and some may have strict guidelines and requirements.

Different Types of Scholarships for College Students

There are various forms of gift aid that students can use to pay for college. While there are differences between them, they’re similar in the fact that they do not need to be repaid. Here are different types of scholarships for college students.

Federal Grants

Federal grants are need based financial aid from the U.S. government to help students pay for college. The Department of Education offers a variety of grants to students attending four-year colleges or universities, community colleges, and career schools.

Most federal grants are awarded to students based on financial need, the cost of attendance, and enrollment status. Students can start by submitting a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form annually to determine eligibility. Once FAFSA is submitted, your school will let you know how much you may receive and when you may receive it.

Here are grant programs provided by the federal government:

•   Federal Pell Grants

•   Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (FSEOG)

•   Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grants

•   Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants

While grants don’t typically have to be repaid, there are circumstances that may require repayment, such as:

•   You withdrew from the program early

•   Your enrollment status changed that reduced your eligibility for the grant

•   You received outside scholarships or grants that reduced the need for federal student aid

•   You received a TEACH Grant but did not meet the requirements for the TEACH Grant service obligation

Recommended: Finding Free Money for College

State Grants and Scholarships

According to the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NASFAA), almost every state education agency has at least one grant or scholarship available to residents. Eligibility may be restricted to state residents attending an in-state college, but this isn’t always the case. Check what state financial aid programs may be available to you through your state education agency.

Scholarships and Grants From Schools

Institutional aid is awarded to students by the schools they plan to attend. Scholarships and grants from schools may be offered based on need or merit. For example, a student may be awarded a scholarship or grant through the school for strong academic or athletic performance.

It’s also important to read the requirements for scholarships and grants from schools. Some awards may demand that students maintain a minimum GPA throughout the year. Others may only be available for your freshman and sophomore years.

Private Scholarships

Private scholarships are financial aid awarded to students that are funded by foundations, civic groups, companies, religious groups, professional organizations, charities, and individuals. Most private scholarships have specific criteria required to qualify, according to the Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority (MEFA) , and it may take some extra effort to research the availability of private scholarships.

Most private scholarships are only awarded for a single year. Check with the scholarship’s agency to find out if the scholarship is renewable and any criteria you may need to meet.

Main Sources of Scholarships and Grants

The main sources of scholarships and grants are from the four types of scholarships and grants listed above. Here are the major sources of scholarships and grants for college students and the percentage of total grants and/or scholarships that comes from each source:

•   Federal grants: 47%

•   State grants and scholarships: 8%

•   Scholarships and grants from schools: 35%

•   Private scholarships: 10%

Recommended: A Guide to Unclaimed Scholarships and Grants

Reasons to Be Awarded With a Scholarship

Scholarships aren’t only awarded to those with a 4.0 GPA. There are many reasons to be awarded a scholarship and students should consider their skills, areas of interest, and past achievements or awards.

Need-Based

Need-based scholarships are typically awarded to students based on their household income. The school’s financial aid office may also determine how much financial aid the student is able to receive.

Schools subtract your Expected Family Contribution (EFC) from your Cost of Attendance (COA) to determine your financial need and how much need-based aid you can receive. Your COA is the cost to attend the school and your EFC is the number that financial aid staff uses to determine how much financial aid you would receive. Information provided on your FAFSA is used to calculate your EFC.

Academic performance may also be taken into consideration when awarding need-based scholarships.

Academic Scholarships

Academic scholarships, also known as merit scholarships, are awarded to students based on their GPA and SAT/ACT admissions test scores. Award committees may also take other factors into consideration, such as extracurricular activities and leadership qualities.

Athletic Scholarships

Athletic scholarships are awarded to students who show exceptional athletic abilities while also taking academic performance into consideration. The National Collegiate Athletic Association, a nonprofit organization that regulates student-athletes, has provided more than $3.6 billion in athletics scholarships annually to more than 180,000 student-athletes. Athletic scholarships are not available at Division III colleges. Only about 1% to 2% of high school athletes are awarded athletics scholarships to compete in college.

Recommended: Balancing Being a Student Athlete & Academics in College

Community Service Scholarships

There are also scholarship opportunities for students who volunteer in their local communities. For example, the Equitable Excellence Scholarship awards students who have made a positive impact on their communities through volunteer service. The scholarship provides renewable awards of $5,000 to students for a total of $20,000 per recipient as well as one-time $2,500 scholarships.

Scholarships for Hobbies and Extracurriculars

Certain hobbies, interests, or extracurricular activities may also provide scholarships. For example, members of Starfleet, the International Star Trek Fan Association, can be awarded scholarships up to $1,000 in the categories including medicine, engineering, performing arts, international studies, business, science, education, writing, law enforcement, and general studies.

Scholarships based on Identity or Heritage

Some scholarship programs offer funds to help support traditionally underrepresented students. Outside of identity, many of these scholarships may require a minimum GPA, a need for financial assistance, leadership potential or participation in community activities.

There are also scholarships for mothers. When dealing with the costs of child care, many single mothers face unique obstacles to getting their college degrees.

Employer or Military Scholarships

Students may also be able to find opportunities through the employer of a family member. Eligibility and award amounts vary by employer. A variety of scholarships are also available to the children and spouses of active duty, reserve, National Guard, or retired members of the U.S. military.

How Can You Spend a Scholarship for Student?

How you can spend a scholarship for students depends on that specific program. Some programs may send the check directly to the college’s financial aid office to apply the funds to your tuition bill. Funds that are sent to the student may be used for education-related expenses deemed necessary by the school, like tuition, books, supplies, and housing.

Make sure to check with the scholarship program for rules regarding how you can spend your award.

How to Get a Scholarship for Student

There are several ways for students to find and apply for scholarships. Students can contact the financial aid office at the school they wish to attend or use other free resources. Some of these include:

•   Your high school counselor

•   The U.S. Department of Labor’s scholarship search tool

•   Federal agencies

•   Your state grant agency

•   Your library

•   Foundations, religious or community organizations, local businesses or civic groups

•   Organizations related to your field of interest

•   Identity-based organizations

•   Your employer or your parents’ employers

Check with each program to see how to apply and the requirements. Make sure you apply by the deadline.

Scholarship Requirements

Scholarship requirements vary by program. However, you may notice some common criteria, such as:

•   A GPA minimum

•   Age and grade requirements

•   College enrollment requirement

•   An essay requirement

•   Financial requirements

•   Location requirement

•   Test score requirements

Depending on the program, there may be some requirements related to your major, ethnicity, gender, disability or military service. In some cases, applicants may be required to complete an interview. If you’re applying for scholarships, check with each program to be sure you fully understand the application requirements and eligibility criteria.

Recommended: I Didn’t Get Enough Financial Aid: Now What?

Alternative Funding Options for College Students

Outside of scholarships and grants, there are other ways for students to pay for college.

One option is to get a part-time job and send extra income aside to put towards tuition or other school-related expenses. While this will likely not cover everything, it could make your costs more manageable. If you have a 529 college savings plan, you can tap this savings account to pay for qualified education expenses on a tax-free basis.

Students can also turn to the federal government to see if they qualify for federal work-study jobs, federal student loans, aid for military families, aid for international students or certain tax benefits. According to the Department of Education, outstanding federal student aid totals $1.61 trillion, representing 43.4 million students. These are typically awarded based on financial need and students can see what they qualify for by filling out FAFSA each year.

Another option is to use private student loans to pay for college. These are nonfederal loans made by a lender, such as a bank, credit union, state agency, university or other institution. Private student loans can be an option to consider after you’ve exhausted all other forms of aid.

Unlike most federal student loans, private loans require a credit check and the loan’s interest rate will depend on the borrower’s creditworthiness, among other factors. Private student loans are not required to offer the same borrower protections as federal student loans, things like deferment options or income-driven repayment plans.

You can even apply for scholarships and grants to pay off student loans after you’ve already graduated. You may also be able to have your student loans forgiven through state or federal programs.

The Takeaway

Before taking on student loans, scholarships and grants can be used to supplement other forms of financial aid. Before you start applying for scholarships, make sure you read the program’s requirements and turn in the application before the deadline.

If you’ve taken out federal or private student loans, there’s always the option to refinance. By refinancing your student loans, you could potentially qualify for a lower interest rate that could help you pay off the principal faster and/or decrease how much you pay each month. Note that decreasing your monthly payments is often the result of extending your loan term, which can ultimately increase the cost of borrowing over the life of the loan. Refinancing any federal loans will eliminate them from federal protections or programs such as the option to apply for Public Service Loan Forgiveness.

You can refinance the student loan with SoFi. If a competitor offers a lower rate, SoFi will match it and give you $100 after funding the loan.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

An options spread involves buying and selling different options contracts for the same underlying asset, at the same time. In the world of vertical spreads, there are credit spreads and debit spreads. What is the difference between a credit vs. a debit spread, and how do investors use these strategies?

When an investor chooses a credit spread, or net credit spread, they simultaneously sell a higher premium option and buy a lower premium option, typically of the same security but at a different strike price. This results in a credit to their account.

A debit spread is the inverse: The investor purchases a higher premium option while simultaneously selling a lower premium option of the same security, resulting in a net payment or debit from their account.

Keep reading to learn more about the differences between credit spreads and debit spreads, and how volatility may impact each.

Why Use a Spread Strategy When Trading Options?

Options contracts give their holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset, often a security like a stock. Having different strategies to trade options gives investors exposure to price movement in an underlying asset, allowing them to take a bullish or bearish position without having to own the security itself. Beyond the market price of the underlying, a number of factors — including the level of volatility, time to expiration, and market interest rates — impact the value of the options contract.

With so many factors to consider, investors have developed a host of strategies for how to trade options. A vertical spread comes in two flavors — a credit or a debit spread — which can involve buying (or selling) a call (or put), and simultaneously selling (or buying) another call (or put) at a different strike price, but with the same expiration. Let’s look at these two strategies for trading options.

How a Credit Spread Works

In a credit spread, the investor sells a high-premium option and buys a low-premium option of the same security. Those trades result in a credit to the trader’s account, because the option they sell is worth more than the one they buy. In this scenario, the investor hopes that both options will be out-of-the-money on the expiration date and expire worthless, allowing the investor to keep the original net premium collected.

How a Debit Spread Works

In a debit spread, the investor buys a high-premium option and sells a low-premium option of the same security. Those trades result in a debit from the trader’s account. But they make the trade in the expectation that the price movement during the life of the options contract will result in a profit. The best case scenario is that both options are in-the-money on the day of expiration, allowing the investor to close out both contracts for their maximum potential gain.

Credit Spreads

To help with understanding how credit spreads works: An investor simultaneously buys and sells options on the same underlying security with the same expiration, but at different strike prices. The premium that the investor receives on the option they sell is higher than the premium they pay on the option they buy, which leads to a net return or credit for the investor.

One important note is that credit spreads require traders to use margin loans, because if both options are in-the-money at expiration, their short leg will be more valuable than their long leg. So before a trader can engage in a credit spread, they’ll need to make sure their brokerage account is appropriately set up.

The strategy takes two forms. The first credit spread strategy is the bull put credit spread, in which the investor buys a put option at one strike price and sells a put option at a higher strike price. Put options tend to increase in value as the underlying asset price goes down, and they decrease in value as the underlying price goes up.

Thus, this is a bullish strategy, because the investor hopes for a price increase in the underlying such that both options expire worthless. If the price of the underlying asset is above the higher strike price put on expiration day, the investor achieves the maximum potential profit. On the flip side, if the underlying security falls below the long-put strike price, then the investor would suffer the maximum potential loss on the strategy.

Another factor that can work in favor of the investor in credit spread is time decay. This is the phenomenon whereby options tend to lose value as they approach their expiration date. Holding the price of the underlying asset constant, the difference in value between the two options in a credit spread will naturally evaporate, meaning that the investor can either close out both contracts for a gain or let them expire worthless.

The other credit-spread trading strategy is called the bear call credit spread, or a bear call spread. In a way, it’s the opposite of the bull put spread. The investor buys a call option at one strike price and sells a call option at a lower strike price, hoping for a decrease in the price of the underlying asset.

A bull put spread can be profitable if the price of the security remains under a certain level throughout the duration of the options contracts. If the security is below the lower call’s strike price at expiration, then the spread seller gets to keep the entire premium on the options they sell in the strategy. But there’s a risk, too. If the price of the security underlying the options rises above the long-call strike price at the expiration of the strategy, then the investor will face the maximum loss.

Debit Spreads

A debit spread is the inverse of a credit spread. Like a credit spread, a debit spread involves buying two sets of options, in equal amounts, of the same underlying security with the same expiration date. But in a debit spread, the investor buys one set of options with a higher premium, while selling a set of options with a lower premium.

While the credit spread strategy results in a net credit to the trader’s account when they make the trade, a debit spread strategy results in an immediate net debit in their account, hence the name. The debit occurs because the premium paid on the options the investor purchases is higher than the premium the investor receives for the options they buy.

Investors typically use debit spread strategies as a way to offset the cost of buying an expensive option outright. They may choose a debit spread over purchasing a lone option if they expect moderate price movement in the underlying asset.

Like credit spreads, debit spreads come in bullish and bearish varieties. A bull-debit spread can be constructed using call options, where the investor purchases a call option at a lower strike price and sells a call option at a higher strike price. The maximum potential gain is equal to the difference in strike prices minus the net premium paid up front, and is achieved if the underlying asset goes above the higher strike price call on expiration day. Similarly, one can construct a bear-debit spread using put options.

With debit spread strategies, the investor faces an initial outlay on their trade, which also represents their maximum potential loss. Unlike with credit spreads, time decay is typically working against the investor in a debit spread, since they are hoping for both options to expire in-the-money so that they can close out both contracts and pocket the difference.

Pros and Cons of Credit and Debit Spreads, Depending on Volatility

When comparing a credit spread vs. debit spread, here are a few key details to keep in mind.

The Takeaway

Of the many options strategies that investors employ, one popular type is an options spread: either a credit spread or a debit spread. The spread in these strategies refers to a practice of buying and selling of different options with the same underlying security and expiration date, but with different strike prices.

Key to the strategy is the fact that spreads create upper and lower bounds on potential gains and losses. It’s at the discretion of the investor to choose the strike prices of the options they buy and sell when creating the spread. This gives the investor a degree of flexibility with respect to how much risk they take on.

Ready to start investing? You can get started trading options with a user-friendly platform like SoFi. SoFi’s options trading platform offers investors the ability to trade from the web platform or mobile app, and they can also reference information about options through the library of educational resources.

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