Apr
08
2025
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What Are the Average Monthly Expenses for One Person?

By | Budgeting & Goals, money | Comments Off on What Are the Average Monthly Expenses for One Person?

It’s human nature to wonder how you compare to everyone else. And that goes for money too. For instance, are you spending more or less on housing? Food? Transportation?

The average single person spends about $3,405 per month, according to recent data. But that will vary with where and how you live. Still, knowing where you stand can help you budget better and see how your spending stacks up against other people’s outflow of cash.

Here, you’ll get a sense of how much an average person might spend per month so you can consider how your own budget looks.

Key Points

•   The average monthly expenses for one person can vary, but the average single person spends about $3,405 per month.

•   Housing tends to consume the highest portion of monthly income, with the average annual spending on housing at $1,885 per month per person.

•   Transportation costs can vary, but the average household spends around $913 per month on transportation.

•   Health care expenses can vary, with a single adult in New York City paying about $575 to $776 per month for health insurance.

•   Food expenses can range from $300 to $540 per month, depending on factors like age, income, and location.

Average Monthly Expenses in 2023

Housing

Housing tends to consume the highest portion of monthly income. Using U.S Department of Labor statistics, the average annual spending on housing was $1,885 per month per person. Typically, single people living alone (or with others but paying their own) may devote more of their monthly income to housing than those living as a family.

Costs can also vary significantly depending on the cost of living in your area. That’s important to consider when considering costs and making a monthly budget.

A single person living in a studio in New York City, for example, can expect to spend significantly more than someone living in a rural or suburban community. According to RentHop, the average price for a studio (one-room) rental in New York City was $3,450 in spring of 2023.

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Transportation

Transportation costs can vary depending on your mode of transport (i.e., car vs. bus vs train), as well as what region of the country you live in.

But one thing that holds true for many of us: Transportation often accounts for the second-largest budget item, after housing.

The average household shells out around $913 per month on transportation, including car or public transportation, gas, insurance and other related expenses. A single person could expect to pay half or even a quarter of that amount, depending on their particular situation, such as whether they are making car payments or using public transportation.

And, of course, you can take steps to lower those costs as needed, like learning how to save money on gas.

Health Care

Health care expenses can vary depending on each individual’s circumstances, and can also rise and fall from one month to the next.

For example, there may be some months where unexpected medical costs crop up (such as emergency care), and other months where you only need to cover insurance premiums and preventive care appointments.

Cost varies by location as well.

For instance, a single adult living in New York City can expect to pay about $575 to $776 a month for health insurance (or more).

A single adult living in Boise, Idaho, on the other hand, can anticipate shelling out roughly $274 to $422 (depending on specifics) per month for those health insurance costs.

Recommended: How to Save Money Daily

Food

Everyone’s gotta eat, and the average single person spends about $300 to $540 per month.

This figure ranges depending on your age, income, gender, eating habits, and where you live.

The wide variability in spending in this category shows that food can be an area where consumers can find savings if they need to reduce monthly spending (such as getting serious about meal planning and choosing lower cost brands at the supermarket).

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Cell Phone

Average monthly wireless fees run about $166 for a plan, which might include multiple lines.

The good news? If your budget is particularly tight, you could spend as little as $10 a month for basic service with no data.

Utility Bills

After you’ve saved up and carefully budgeted to buy a home, you probably don’t want to be surprised by a higher-than-expected utility bill. The average monthly electricity bill was $121 per month recently, but that figure can of course vary.

A number of factors go into utility costs, including home size, where you set the thermostat, type of insulation you have, the climate, as well as what part of the country you live in (since rates vary across the country). For instance, those who live in Utah paid $80.87 a month while those in Hawaii shelled out $177.78 per month on average.

Clothing

The average adult spends about $146 on clothing per month. If your budget is tight, this is one category where you can often pare back spending, whether by shopping your closet, hitting the sales racks, or bringing older clothes that need repairs or fit adjustments to the tailor. A clothing swap with friends can be another option.

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re faced with debt and wondering which kind to pay off first, it can be smart to prioritize high-interest debt first. For many people, this means their credit card debt; rates have recently been climbing into the double-digit range, so try to eliminate that ASAP.

Gym Memberships

The average gym membership runs anywhere from $20 to $60 per person per month, which could be a good deal if you use it regularly.

If, however, you aren’t really using that membership or it’s too pricey for your budget, you could try going outside and hitting the pavement, joining an exercise meetup group, watching YouTube videos, and/or picking up some dumbbells and exercise bands to workout at home.

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Getting Your Monthly Expenses in Check

Knowing the average cost of living can be helpful when you’re trying to determine how much of your budget you may need to allocate to different spending categories. (If you’re thinking, “What budget?” it’s likely a wise move to get busy creating a budget.)

Recommended: Cost of Living per State

These average monthly expenses shared above, though, are just that — averages.

To fine-tune your budget, and make sure your spending is in line with both your income and your goals, it’s a good idea to track your own spending (which means every cash/debit card/credit card payment and every bill you pay) for a month or two.

There are a few options for tracking spending. One easy method is to make all purchases for the month on one debit card or credit card, then, at the end of the month, take note of all the purchases made.

Another option is to use an app (your bank may provide a good one) that can help you log and track your spending. At the end of the month, you can then see everything you spent, as well as allocate each expense into key categories, such as housing, transportation, food, health care, etc.

You can then see how your spending compares to national averages, as well as where you might want to tweak things. For instance, if you don’t have enough at the end of the month to put any money away into your retirement fund, you might want to pare back non-essential spending (such as restaurants, clothing, gym memberships).

The same holds true if you haven’t been able to put money towards an emergency fund, which is an important safety net if you were to endure an emergency such as a job loss.

Recommended: Use our emergency fund calculator to figure out your ideal emergency fund amount.

The Takeaway

Whether you’re creating a new budget or refreshing an old one, you’ve probably noticed how important (and tricky) it is to get your monthly expenses right.

Knowing the average amount people spend to live can help you figure out how your spending stacks up and, if you’re just starting out, help to ensure you’re budgeting enough for each category.

To see how your actual spending compares to national averages, you may want to track your daily spending for a month (or more), and then set up certain spending limits to keep your purchases in line with your income, as well as your savings goals.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.


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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Average Grocery Budget for a Family of 5

By | Budgeting & Goals, Family Finances, relay | Comments Off on Average Grocery Budget for a Family of 5

Housing and transportation may be the top line items in a typical family budget, but the cost of meals and groceries can also be significant. The cost of food jumped during the pandemic and has remained high due to inflation, supply chain issues, and other factors. While all consumers are impacted by price hikes, families in particular may be feeling the pinch at checkout.

If you have a larger family, creating a budget can help keep you from overspending at the grocery store. But how much should you allocate for food each month? Keep reading to learn more about creating a grocery budget for a family of five.

Key Points

•   The average monthly grocery budget for a family of five ranges from $939 to $1,520.

•   Practical tips for managing grocery expenses include meal planning, buying in bulk, and using coupons.

•   Government assistance programs like SNAP and WIC are available for families struggling to afford groceries.

•   Strategies to reduce grocery costs include shopping at discount retailers, choosing generic brands, and joining rewards programs.

•   Planning meals, shopping sales, and using cash back credit cards can also help manage grocery expenses effectively.

Average Grocery Budget for American Family of Five

When coming up with your grocery budget, it helps to first understand how much you can expect to spend on food. The average household spends roughly $832 per month or $9,985 per year, on at-home food, according to the most recent statistics available from the BLS.

But how much should you budget for groceries if you have a family of five? A good starting point is the USDA’s food plans, which include four spending levels: thrifty, low-cost, moderate-cost, and liberal. According to the latest food plan available, here’s what a family of five should plan to spend on groceries:

Spending level

 Cost per month

 Cost per year
Thrifty $939 $11,268
Low-cost $1,017 $12,204
Moderate-cost $1,258 $15,097
Liberal $1,520 $18,240

Source: USDA food plans

How Much to Budget for Groceries Per Person

How much a family of five end up budgeting for groceries depends on a number of factors, like how much the store charges, the type and amount of food purchased, and whether they use a grocery delivery service.

Want to figure out how much to allocate in your food budget for each family member? You can refer to the USDA food plans above for a general idea of monthly and yearly costs, and divide the amounts by the number of members of your family. You can also look at the last three to six months of your family’s grocery bills and calculate a monthly average. Divide that amount by the number of members of your family.

Once you see how much you’re actually spending per person each month, you can adjust your budget accordingly.

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How to Prioritize Your Grocery Spending

When you’re feeding a large family, you want to make the most of your grocery list. The best way to prioritize your food spending is to create a home budget and stick to it. Having a plan in place makes it easier to curb grocery store splurges.

If you’re new to budgeting, you may want to use the 50/30/20 rule. This framework calls for earmarking 50% of your monthly after-tax income on things you need (such as food, housing, and transportation), 30% on things you want (such as a new outfit or tickets to a concert), and 20% on savings and debt repayment.

Another helpful tool to consider is a budget planner app, which allows you to easily set spending and savings goals and monitor your progress.

How to Stay Within Your Grocery Budget

Staying on top of a grocery budget can be challenging, especially when you have a larger family. The following tips can help:

Don’t Shop When You’re Hungry

When your stomach is grumbling in the middle of the grocery store, chances are you’re more likely to give in to cravings. This may leave you with a cart full of impulse buys, which could add to your overall cost.

Make a Shopping List

Writing down everything you need before you start shopping is a good way to ensure you only pick up the items you need and are in your budget.

Embrace Meal Planning

Create a weekly menu ahead of time so that when you hit the store, you know exactly what ingredients to buy. If your finances allow, consider reserving a small chunk of the budget so that each family member can pick out a treat for that week.

Recommended: How to Create a Budget in 6 Steps

How to Budget for Restaurants and Dining Out

While eating at home can be more cost effective than dining out, many memories are made at restaurants. If your family is planning to have meals out, how much should you expect to spend?

The average American household spends $3,933 on dining out, according to the most recent data available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, larger families should expect to spend more.

Tips for Reducing Your Grocery Budget

Looking to lower your grocery bill? Consider these simple strategies:

•   Buy in bulk

•   Shop at discount retailers

•   Choose generic brands

•   Meal prep for the week

•   Shop sales

•   Join rewards programs

•   Use coupons

•   Use a credit card that earns cash back rewards

Tips for Getting Help If You Can’t Afford to Buy Groceries

Families that are struggling to pay for food have several government resources they can turn to for help. Food stamps (also referred to as SNAP benefits), the WIC program, school meal programs, and food assistance programs are all worth looking into. Depending on the program, you may need to meet certain criteria, such as an income limit, in order to be eligible.

Examples of the Cost of Common Groceries

As anyone who has stepped foot in a grocery store lately can attest, food costs are going up. But just how much depends largely on where you live. To make budgeting for groceries and other expenses easier, consider using a money tracker app.

It can be helpful to understand national prices so you can prepare your food budget accordingly. Below is the national average of six common items, according to a February 2025 NBC News analysis of NielsenIQ data.

Average Cost of Groceries
Orange juice (60 oz.) $4.83
Chicken eggs (dozen) $5.88
Chicken breast/lb $5.75
Fresh ground beef/lb $5.88
Bacon (16 oz.) $4.86
Loaf of bread $3.04

How to Stretch Your Grocery Budget

Stretching a grocery budget requires careful planning. A few places to start: planning meals for the week, taking advantage of weekly ads and local deals, and shopping at more affordable grocery stores. Savvy shoppers can even design meals around the discounts and coupons being offered at the more affordable grocery stores.

Another strategy is to buy in bulk where it makes sense. Purchasing larger amounts of staples like rice, flour, and paper products can provide a better bang for your grocery buck.

Recommended: 23 Ways to Cut Back on Spending and Expenses

The Takeaway

Food is a major expense for most Americans, but perhaps more so for larger families. Creating a budget can help keep costs in check. On average, a family of five spends anywhere from $939 to $1,520 a month on groceries, according to USDA monthly food plans. If you’re looking to curb your spending, consider meal planning, buying in bulk, and shopping at more affordable grocery stores. If you need help paying for groceries, government programs like SNAP benefits and WIC can provide support.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What is a realistic grocery budget for a family of five?

Depending on how much you have to spend on food, a realistic grocery budget for a family of five may range anywhere from $939 to $1,520 a month on groceries, according to USDA monthly food plans. To determine how much your family should spend each month, consider adding up the last three to six months of grocery bills and finding the monthly average.

How can a family of five save money on groceries?

There are steps a family of five can take to save on groceries, including meal planning, taking advantage of coupons and weekly deals, and making a shopping list ahead of time. Those strategies allow families to spend more mindfully and, ideally, lower their grocery bill.

What is a reasonable grocery budget?

The average American household spends $9,985 per year on groceries, according to the most recent statistics available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.


Photo credit: iStock/seb_ra

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Average Credit Score by Age 50

By | Credit, Money & Life, relay | Comments Off on Average Credit Score by Age 50

Keeping your credit score healthy is a lifelong endeavor. It’s never too soon to start working on improving your credit score, but it’s also never too late to make progress. If you are in your forties or fifties, you may be wondering, what is the average credit score by age 50? Read on to find out.

Key Points

•   By age 50, individuals typically have higher credit scores compared to younger age groups due to longer credit histories and more stable financial habits.

•   The average credit score by age 50 often falls in the “good” to “very good” range.

•   Many individuals at this age are managing mortgages and other long-term debts, which can influence scores positively if payments are made on time.

•   Increased financial stability, including savings and steady income, often contributes to better credit scores around this age.

•   People near age 50 can still improve their scores by lowering debt, making timely payments, and diversifying credit, which are critical factors in maintaining a high score.

Average Credit Score by Age 50

On average, consumers between the ages of 50 and 59 have a credit score of 706, which is considered a “good” credit score. This credit score is partially due to the borrowers having had the chance to build credit over a long period of time. The length of a borrower’s credit history is an important factor taken into consideration by the major credit scoring models.

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What Is a Credit Score?

A credit score is a three-digit number issued by a credit scoring agency that provides both you and interested parties with a glimpse of how reliable of a borrower you are. Lenders use these credit scores to get an idea of how likely an applicant is to repay a loan on time. Employers, landlords, and utility companies can also use a credit score to get an idea of your credit history, which helps them better understand how you manage your money.

Your credit report gives a detailed look at your credit history, but a credit score acts as a quick snapshot of how you navigate credit.

Recommended: How to Check Your Credit Score for Free

What Is the Average Credit Score?

Every borrower has a unique credit score, but understandably consumers don’t want to fall behind the average if they want to compete for the best lending products and rates. As of March 2024, the average credit score for all consumers in the United States was 705.

Average Credit Score by Age

To get a better idea of how you compare to borrowers in your age group, let’s take a look at what the average credit score is by age.

Age

 Average Credit Score
20s 662
30s 672
40s 684
50s 706
60s + 749

What’s a Good Credit Score for Your Age?

Because factors like length of credit history, credit mix, and consistent payments play a role in how high a credit score is (all of which come with years of credit usage), it’s understandable that younger borrowers are at a bit of a disadvantage. It takes time and discipline to build a high credit score. That being said, no matter their age, borrowers should aim for at least a “good” credit score — typically in the 670 to 739 range. Ideally, you will work toward a “very good” (740 to 799) or “excellent” (800 or higher) credit score.

How Are Credit Scores Used?

Credit scores are used in a few different ways, but primarily lenders rely on them to make decisions about which borrowers to work with, how much to lend them, and how much interest to charge them. Your credit score paints a picture for a lender about how responsible of a borrower you are.

If your score reflects that you have a manageable debt load and a history of making consistent on-time payments, a lender is going to be more likely to work with you and offer you favorable loan terms. If your score is on the lower side, that doesn’t mean you can’t qualify for a loan. However, lenders tend to charge borrowers with lower credit scores more interest to help offset their risk.

Factors Influencing the Average Credit Score

One of the best ways to keep your credit score in good standing is to understand how your credit behavior impacts your score. There are five factors that influence your FICO® Score — which is the most popular credit scoring model on the market (VantageScore is another popular model that works similarly). How much of your score is impacted by each factor varies.

Credit Score Factor
Payment history 35%
Amounts owed 30%
Length of credit history 15%
New credit 10%
Credit mix 10%

Recommended: Differences Between VantageScore and FICO Credit Scores

To strengthen your credit score, you will work on improving each of the five credit scoring factors consistently throughout your lifetime.

•  Payment history: Missing a single payment by just 30 days can harm your credit score. Always aim to make consistent on-time payments.

•  Amounts owed: Lenders like to see that you are keeping your credit utilization ratio low so you can afford to make debt payments.

•  Length of credit history: The longer your credit history is, the better. Many young consumers start their journey with a credit card before moving onto loans.

•  New credit: Applying for too much new credit can make lenders nervous. Keep your hard inquiries to a minimum.

•  Credit mix: Having a healthy credit mix can assure lenders you can handle multiple loan payments at once.

How Does My Age Affect My Credit Score?

One area of your credit score that can be challenging to control is the length of your credit history. The more experience someone has managing credit, the more their score benefits. Applying for credit while young (such as with a credit card) and not closing credit card accounts can help keep that credit history strong.

At What Age Does Credit Score Improve the Most?

Credit scores generally improve the most in a person’s 30s, as they establish a longer credit history, stabilize income, and adopt better financial habits. Consistent on-time payments, reduced debt, and responsible credit usage during this period significantly boost scores, laying the groundwork for strong credit into middle age.

Older borrowers have many factors working in their favor that give them a leg up in the credit world, too. To start, they tend to have many more years of experience paying bills on time. They also tend to have longer credit lengths and a stronger credit mix due to having more time on their side. Borrowers in their 60s have the highest average credit score of 749.

Recommended: How Long Does It Take to Build Credit?

How to Build Credit

One of the best ways to start building credit is with a credit card. If you pay your balance in full each month, you don’t have to spend any money to have a credit card and can build your credit score while earning rewards points or cash back.

You can also keep your credit utilization ratio low by paying off the balance in full each month. If you can’t qualify for a credit card due to a lack of credit history, you can have a parent or spouse add you as an authorized user on their credit card.

Credit Score Tips

To keep your credit score healthy, it’s a good idea to practice these good credit habits:

•  Pay on time: Always make payments by the due date to build a strong payment history. Use a money tracker app to keep an eye on your spending throughout the month so you can afford to pay your bills.

•  Keep balances low: Aim to use less than 30% of your credit limit to keep credit utilization within the recommended range.

•  Avoid frequent hard inquiries: Limit new credit applications, as multiple inquiries can lower your score.

•  Maintain old accounts: Keeping older credit accounts open can help lengthen your credit history.

•  Monitor your credit report: Credit score monitoring can help you stay on top of things. Regularly check your credit score and review your credit report for errors and dispute inaccuracies to protect your score.

•  Diversify credit types: A mix of credit types (e.g., credit cards, loans) can positively impact your score if managed well.

The Takeaway

There’s no need to fear getting older when it comes to your credit score — time is on your side here. Practicing decades of good credit habits can result in your gaining access to the best loan rates and terms and make it easier to meet your financial goals.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

How rare is a 700 credit score?

Earning a credit score of 700 is a very realistic goal. The average credit score in America is 705, so many consumers have a “good” credit score.

Does anyone have a 900 credit score?

The FICO credit scoring model tops out at 850. Finding a credit score of 900 isn’t possible.

How rare is 825 credit score?

Having a credit score of 825 is one of the best credit scores a borrower can achieve. This is a rare but not impossible score to obtain.

How rare is an 800 credit score?

Having an 800 credit score is not common and is very impressive. Borrowers can work toward an 800 credit score by always making credit payments on time, keeping a healthy credit mix, and maintaining a low credit utilization ratio.

How common is a 750 credit score?

The average credit score for borrowers of at least 60 years of age is 749 (this is the highest average of any age group). Achieving a credit score of 750 is not impossible but requires a lot of hard work and discipline.

What is a good credit score for a 50 year old?

The average credit score for a 50 year old is 706. Ideally, borrowers in their fifties will want to either have that score or an even higher one if they want to qualify for the best loan rates.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.


Photo credit: iStock/JLco – Julia Amaral

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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Apr
08
2025
Guide to Protective Collars in Options Trading

Guide to Protective Collars in Options Trading

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on Guide to Protective Collars in Options Trading

Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

As an investor in a volatile market, it can be stressful worrying about gains turning into losses from day to day. One strategy to protect your gains is through protective collar options.

Protective collars provide inexpensive near-term downside risk protection on a long stock position, but the strategy also limits your upside.

Key Points

•   Protective collars involve buying a put and selling a call to limit losses and gains.

•   The strategy is used to hedge against price declines while retaining some upside potential.

•   Buying a put provides a floor for the stock price, protecting against significant drops.

•   Selling a call generates income but caps the potential upside.

•   Collars are suitable for investors looking to protect positions with unrealized gains.

What Is a Protective Collar?

A protective collar is an options strategy used to protect gains on a long stock position that has significantly appreciated in value. The goal is to limit downside risk without immediately selling the shares. This three-part strategy includes:

1.    A long put option, also known as a protective put, that provides downside protection to existing unrealized gains.

2.    A call option with the same expiration date as the long put written on the underlying asset, also known as a covered call. Writing this call offsets the cost of purchasing the long put option since a premium is collected, but it also limits the future potential gains on the underlying asset.

As with other options strategies, reducing risk means giving up something in return. In the case of a protective collar option strategy, your upside is limited because of the short call position (the call that is sold). At the same time, the sale of calls helps reduce the overall cost of the transaction. It might even be possible to construct a protective collar that generates income when initiated.

Collars in options trading help address price risks. The term “collar” refers to the strike prices of the two options being above and below the price of the underlying asset. The put strike is typically below the current share price while the short call strike is above the price of the underlying asset. Profits are capped at the short call strike price and losses are capped at the long put strike price.

How Do Protective Collars Work?

Protective collars work to help hedge against the risk of a near-term drop in a long stock position without having to sell shares. It’s one of many strategies for options trading to manage risk. Investors with substantial unrealized gains on their shares may prefer not to trigger a taxable event by liquidating their positions.

Protective collars have many beneficial features:

•   Protective collars allow you to initiate the trade cheaply. A protective collar option can be done at a net debit, net credit, or even without cost, known as a “zero-cost collar.”

•   Protective collars provide downside risk protection at a level you determine. This is done by purchasing a long put. An at-the-money put offers maximum downside protection, but at the highest cost.

   Conversely, an out of-the-money put has a lower initial cost, but provides less downside protection.

•   Protective collars allow you to participate in potential price increases at a level you determine. Writing an at-the-money call generates the highest premium, but limits upside potential and increases the chance that your shares will be assigned and sold.

•   Writing calls that are far out of the money generates lower premiums, but allows for greater participation in potential stock appreciation. Additionally, the likelihood that the call will be exercised and assigned is lower.

Recommended: Guide to Leverage in Options Trading

Maximum Profit

The maximum profit on a protective collar options position happens at the short call strike. The highest profit is limited to the high strike minus the net debit paid or plus the net credit received when executing the options trade.

   Maximum Profit = Short Call Strike Price – Purchase Price of Stock – Net Debit Paid

   OR

   Maximum Profit = Short Call Strike Price – Purchase Price of Stock + Net Credit Received

Maximum Loss

The maximum loss on protective collar options is limited to the stock price minus the put strike minus the net debit or plus the net credit received.

   Maximum Loss = Long Put Strike Price – Purchase Price of Stock – Net Debit Paid

   OR

   Maximum Loss = Long Put Strike Price – Purchase Price of Stock + Net Credit Received

Break Even

Theoretically, there are a pair of break-even prices depending on how the initial trade was constructed. If it was a net debit protective collar, then the break even is the stock price at trade initiation plus the net debit paid. If the options trade was executed at a net credit, then the break even is the stock price at trade initiation minus the net credit.

   Break Even = Stock Price at Trade Initiation + Net Debit Paid

   OR

   Break Even = Stock Price at Trade Initiation – Net Credit Received

However, for an asset that has seen significant appreciation, the concept of break even is almost irrelevant.

Constructing Protective Collars

Implementing a protective collar strategy might seem complex, but the process is actually quite straightforward. You purchase a low strike put option and simultaneously sell an upside call option. Of course, you must already own shares of the underlying stock for this strategy.

The protective put hedges downside risk while the covered call caps gains but helps finance the overall trade. Both options are typically out of the money.

Pros and Cons of Protective Collars

thumb_up

Pros:

•   Limits losses from a declining stock price while still retaining ownership of the shares

•   There remains some upside exposure

•   Protective collars are cheaper than purchasing puts only

thumb_down

Cons:

•   Upside gains are capped at the call strike

•   Losses can still be experienced down to the long put strike

•   More complex than a basic long put trade



Recommended: Margin vs. Options Trading: Similarities and Differences

When Can It Make Sense to Use Protective Collars?

A protective collar options position may be considered when there is concern about near-term or medium-term declines in an equity holding. At the same time, investors may not want to sell their shares due to a large taxable gain. For that reason, protective collar options might be more likely to be used in taxable accounts rather than tax-sheltered accounts like an IRA.

With the downside risk hedge also comes the risk that shares could get “called away” if the stock price rises above the short-call strike.

A protective collar can work well during situations in which the market or your individual equity positions lack upside momentum. A sideways or slightly declining market is sometimes the best scenario for protective collar options. During strong bull markets, protective collars are less ideal, since shares may be called away if the stock price rises above the short call strike.

Finally, user-friendly options trading is here.*

Trade options with SoFi Invest on an easy-to-use, intuitively designed online platform.

*Check out the OCC Options Disclosure Document.

Protective Collar Example

An investor owns 100 shares of a company that were purchased for $50, and the stock is currently trading at $100. The trader is concerned about a move lower on their equity stake, but they do not want to trigger a taxable event by selling.

A protective put is an ideal way to address the risk and satisfy the investor’s objectives. They decide to sell the $110 strike call for $5 and buy a $90 strike put for $6. The total cost or net debit is $1 per share or $100 per option, each option represents 100 shares.

If the price rises above the short call strike price of $110 to $115:

   Unrealized Profit on Stock Position = Current Price – Purchase Price

   Unrealized Profit on Stock Position = $11,500 – $5,000 = $6,500

   Maximum Profit = Short Call Strike Price – Purchase Price – Net Debit Paid

   Maximum Profit = $11,000 – $5,000 – $100 = $5,900

The investor sacrifices $600 of potential profit to protect your downside risk.

If the stock trades anywhere between $90 and $110, For example $105:

   Unrealized Profit on Stock Position = Current Price – Purchase Price

   Unrealized Profit on Stock Position = $10,500 – $5,000 = $5,500

   Profit = Current Price – Purchase Price – Net Debit Paid

   Profit = $10,500 – $5,000 – $100 = $5,400

The investor incurs a $100 cost to limit downside exposure. It may also have been possible to choose options that would have allowed the investor to profit on the protective collar.

If the price drops below the long put strike price of $90 to $85:

   Unrealized Profit on Stock Position = Current Price – Purchase Price

   Unrealized Profit on Stock Position = $8,500 – $5,000 = $3,500

   Maximum Loss = Long Put Strike Price – Purchase Price of Stock – Net Debit Paid

   Maximum Profit = $9,000 – $5,000 – $100 = $4,000

The investor avoids an additional loss of $500 by purchasing the protective collar.

Collars and Taxes

Protective collar options can be used as an alternative to selling shares when you anticipate a near-term decline in the price of stock. Selling shares would trigger a taxable event, and you would be required to pay capital gains taxes on the profit from the sale. A protective collar options strategy offers downside risk control while allowing you to keep your shares.

You still might be required to sell your stock if the written call options are exercised. Exercising the put option and selling your shares at the strike price would also trigger a taxable event. While this strategy does not eliminate taxes, it may allow taxes to be deferred, which can be valuable in itself.

The Takeaway

Protective collar options are used to guard against near-term losses on a long stock position. The combination of a protective put and a covered call provides a cost-effective strategy for risk management in options trading. It can also be a tax-efficient method to protect gains for the near term without triggering a taxable event.

Investors who are ready to try their hand at options trading despite the risks involved, might consider checking out SoFi’s options trading platform offered through SoFi Securities, LLC. The platform’s user-friendly design allows investors to buy put and call options through the mobile app or web platform, and get important metrics like breakeven percentage, maximum profit/loss, and more with the click of a button.

Plus, SoFi offers educational resources — including a step-by-step in-app guide — to help you learn more about options trading. Trading options involves high-risk strategies, and should be undertaken by experienced investors. Currently, investors can not sell options on SoFi Active Invest®.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

🛈 While investors are not able to sell options on SoFi’s options trading platform at this time, they can buy call and put options to try to benefit from stock movements or manage risk.

FAQ

Are protective puts worthwhile? When does it make sense to buy protective puts?

Protective puts may be useful for those who are concerned about potential declines in their underlying stock position. They could be worthwhile for those who have a strategy with respect to timing, direction, and price targets of their trades.

What does protective, covered, and naked mean in options?

“Protective” in options trading refers to having downside risk protection should a stock position drop in price. A protective put, for example, rises in value when shares fall.

“Covered” in options parlance means that you are writing call options against an asset you currently own.

“Naked” is when you are writing call options that you do not currently own.

What are the benefits of collar trades?

Protective collar options trades are used when you are bullish on a stock but are concerned about near-term downside risk. A major benefit is that the strategy helps to cushion losses if the underlying stock drops. Since the strategy assumes you own shares of the underlying asset, a combination of a protective put and a covered call help to keep costs low on the trade. This cost-effectiveness is a major benefit to traders looking to protect a long stock position.

Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN-Q125-072

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Apr
08
2025
couple holding keys

How Much Are Closing Costs on a New Home?

By | Home Ownership, mortgage | No Comments

Closing costs average 2% to 5% of your mortgage loan principal. So even if you’ve saved for a down payment on a new place, you are likely going to have to dig somewhat deeper to afford to seal the deal. How deep, you ask? For buyers, closing costs can add up to a significant sum.

Whether you are a first-time homebuyer or a seasoned property purchaser, it’s wise to know what to expect, in terms of both money and process, when it’s time to gather at the closing table. Payments will be due from both the buyer and the seller.

Get ready to delve into this important home-buying topic and learn:

•   What are closing costs?

•   How much are closing costs on a house?

•   Who pays closing costs?

•   How much are closing costs for the buyer and the seller?

•   How can you lower closing costs?

What Are Closing Costs?

Closing costs are the fees needed to pay the professionals and businesses involved in securing a new home. These range from fees charged by appraisers, real estate agents, and title companies, to lender and home warranty fees.

Here are some key points to know:

•   When you apply for a mortgage loan, each lender must provide a loan estimate within three business days. This will give you information such as closing costs, interest rate, and monthly payment. Review those closing costs carefully.

•   Your closing costs will depend on the sale price of the home, the fees the chosen lender charges, the type of loan and property, and your credit score.

•   Closing costs are traditionally divided between the buyer and seller, so you won’t necessarily be on the hook for the whole bill. That said, the exact division between buyer and seller will depend on your individual circumstances and can even be a point of negotiation when you make an offer on a house.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.

How Much Are Closing Costs?

As noted above, average closing costs on a house typically range from 2% to 5% of the mortgage principal. Let’s say you take out a $300,000 mortgage loan to buy a house with an agreed-upon sale price of $350,000. Your closing costs could be between $6,000 and $15,000, or 2% and 5%.

Be aware that a “no closing cost mortgage” often means a higher rate and a lot more interest paid over the life of the loan. The lender will pay for many of the initial closing costs and fees but charge a higher interest rate.

Good news if you are buying a HUD home: HUD will pay some of the closing costs as well as the real estate commission fee usually paid by the seller.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Guide

Calculate Closing Costs

The tool below is a home affordability calculator, and it’s a great way to also see what the potential closing costs and additional monthly costs would be based on how much home you can afford.


Who Pays Closing Costs?

Typically, closing costs are paid by both the buyer and the seller. Each has their own responsibilities to uphold.

Some fees are specific to the purchase and are payable by the buyer. These include title search, prepaid interest on the mortgage loan, and more.

Other costs are the seller’s responsibility: paying the real estate agent and so forth. Read on to learn more about who pays for what when closing on a home sale.

How Much Are Closing Costs for a Buyer?

Typically, the buyer pays the following closing costs:

•   Abstract and recording fees: These fees relate to summarizing the title search (more on that below) and then filing deeds and documentation with the local department of public records. You may find that abstract fees can cost anywhere from $200 to $1,000, and recording fees in the range of $125.

•   Application fee: Your lender may charge you to process your application for a mortgage loan. This could cost up to $500.

•   Appraisal and survey fees: It is easy to be wooed by pristine wood floors and dining room walls covered in vintage wallpaper, but surface good looks will only get you so far. You and your lender want to make sure that your potential new home is actually worth the purchase price. This means paying professionals to delve more deeply and provide a current market value. These home appraisal and survey fees are typically due at closing. This is usually in the $300 to $600 range, but could be considerably higher, depending on the home, its location, and other factors.

•   Attorney costs: Working with a real estate attorney to review and vet documents may be an hourly rate (typically $150 to $500 per hour) or a project fee (such as $750 or $1,500). The specifics will vary depending on the individual professional you use, your location, and how complex your purchase is.

•   Credit reporting, underwriting, and origination fees: The lender may charge anywhere from $10 to $100 per applicant to check their credit score; underwriting fees (often in the $300 to $750 range) may also be added to closing costs. Origination fees can be about 0.5% to 1% of your loan’s value and cover the costs of the lender creating your loan documents.

•   Flood certification fee: The lender may require a flood certification, which states the flood zone status of the property. This could cost anywhere from $170 to $2,000, depending on your state.

•   Home inspection fee: This will likely cost between $187 and $510, but it could go higher. This is paid by the buyer, who is commissioning the work to learn about the home’s condition. In some cases, it may be paid at the time of service rather than at closing.

•   Homeowners insurance: Your lender may require you to take out homeowners insurance. The first payment may be due at closing. The exact amount will depend on your home value and other specifics of your policy.

•   Home warranty: A home warranty is optional and can be purchased to protect against major mechanical problems. A warranty plan may be offered by the seller as part of the deal, or a buyer can purchase one from a private company. Your lender, however, will not require a home warranty.

•   Mortgage points: Each mortgage point you choose to buy costs 1% of your mortgage amount and typically lowers your mortgage rate by 0.25% per point. That point money you are paying upfront is due at closing. All the mortgage fees will be spelled out in the mortgage note at the closing.

•   Prepaid interest: Some interest on your mortgage is probably going to accrue between your closing date and when the first payment is due on your loan. That will vary with your principal and interest rate, but will be due at closing.

•   Private mortgage insurance: Often lenders require PMI if you make a down payment that is less than 20% of the purchase price. Putting less money down can make a buyer look less reliable when it comes to repaying debt in the eyes of lenders. They require this premium to protect themselves. This is usually a fee that you pay monthly, but the first year’s premium can also be paid at the time of closing. Expect a full year to cost between .5% and 2% of the original loan amount. Expect to pay between $3o and $70 a month for every $100,000 you are borrowing.

•   Title search and title insurance fees: When a title search is done to see if there are any other claims on the property in question, the buyer typically pays the fee, which is usually in the $75 to $200 range. The lender often requires title insurance as a protection. This is likely a one-time fee that costs between 0.1% and 2% of the sale price. If your house costs $400,000, the title insurance could be between $4,000 and $8,000.

As you see, some of these fees will vary greatly depending on your specific situation, but they do add up. You’ll want to be sure to estimate how much closing costs are for a buyer and then budget for them before you head to your closing.

Recommended: How Long Does It Take to Close on a House

How Much Are Closing Costs for a Seller?

You may also wonder what closing costs are if you are selling your home. Here are some of the fees you are likely liable for at closing:

•   Real estate agent commission: Typically, the seller pays the agent a percentage of the sale price of the home at closing, often out of the proceeds from the sale. The commission is likely to be in the 3% to 6% range, and may be equally split between the buyer’s and seller’s agents.

•   Homeowners association fees: If the home being sold is in a location with a homeowners association (HOA), any unpaid fees must be taken care of by the seller at closing. The actual cost will depend upon the home being sold and the HOA’s charges.

•   Property taxes: The seller must keep these fees current at closing and not leave the buyer with any unpaid charges. These charges will vary depending on the property and location.

•   Title fees: The seller will probably pay for the costs associated with transferring the title for the property.

It’s important for sellers to anticipate these costs in order to know just how much they will walk away with after selling a home.

How to Reduce Closing Costs

Closing costs can certainly add up. Here are some ways to potentially lower your costs.

•   Shop around. Compare lenders not just on the basis of interest rates but also the fees they charge. Not every mortgage lender will charge, say, an application, rate lock, loan processing, and underwriting fee. See where you can get a competitive rate and avoid excess fees.

•   Schedule your closing for the end of the month. This can lower your prepaid interest charges.

•   Seek help from your seller. You might be able to get the seller to pay some of your closing costs if they are motivated to push the deal through. For instance, if the property has sat for a while, they might be open to covering some fees to nudge the sale along.

•   Transfer some costs into your mortgage payments. You may be able to roll some costs into the mortgage loan. But beware: You’ll be raising your principal and interest payments, and might even get stuck with a higher interest rate. Proceed with caution.

Other Costs of Buying a Home

In addition to your down payment and closing costs, you also need to make sure that you can afford the full monthly costs of your new home. That means figuring out not only your monthly mortgage payment but all the ancillary costs that go along with it.

Understanding and preparing for these costs can help ensure that you are in sound financial shape for your first few years of homeownership:

Principal and interest. Your principal and interest payment is the amount that you are paying on your home loan. This can be estimated by plugging your sales price, down payment, and interest rate into a mortgage calculator. This number is likely to be the biggest monthly expense of homeownership.

Insurance. Your homeowners insurance cost should be factored into your monthly ownership expenses. Your insurance agent can provide you with details on what this policy will cover.

Property taxes. Property tax rates vary throughout the country. The rates are typically set by the local taxing authorities and may include county and city taxes. It’s important to factor in these costs as you think about your ongoing home-related expenses.

Private mortgage insurance. As mentioned, PMI may be required with a down payment of less than 20%. PMI is usually required until you have at least 20% equity in your home based on your original loan terms.

Homeowners association fees. If you live in a condo or planned community, you may also be responsible for a monthly homeowners association fee for upkeep in the common areas in your community.

Of course, these are just some of the things to budget for after buying a home. Your needs will depend on whether you are moving a long distance, whether you have owned a home before, and other factors. It’s a lot to think about, but it’s an exciting time.

The Takeaway

Before buyers can close the door to their new home behind them and exhale, they must be able to afford their down payment, qualify for a mortgage loan, and pay the closing costs — usually 2% to 5% of the loan amount. A home loan hunter may want to compare estimated closing costs in addition to rates when choosing a lender. It can be a smart way to keep expenses down.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

How can I estimate closing costs?

Typically, closing costs will cost between 2% and 5% of your home loan’s amount.

When do I pay closing costs?

Your closing costs are typically paid at your closing. That is when you take ownership of the property and when your home mortgage officially begins.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOHL-Q225-033

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. To qualify, a borrower must be a U.S. citizen or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and meet SoFi's underwriting requirements. Not all borrowers receive the lowest rate. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. If approved, your actual rate will be within the range of rates at the time of application and will depend on a variety of factors, including term of loan, evaluation of your creditworthiness, income, and other factors. If SoFi is unable to offer you a loan but matches you for a loan with a participating bank, then your rate may be outside the range of rates listed above. Rates and Terms are subject to change at any time without notice. SoFi Personal Loans can be used for any lawful personal, family, or household purposes and may not be used for post-secondary education expenses. Minimum loan amount is $5,000. The average of SoFi Personal Loans funded in 2023 was around $33K. Information current as of 2/26/24. SoFi Personal Loans originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). See SoFi.com/legal for state-specific license details. See SoFi.com/eligibility for details and state restrictions.

✝ To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

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