A naked call, or uncovered call, is generally considered a high-risk option strategy. Naked calls are when an investor sells or writes call options for an underlying security they don’t own.. The seller is anticipating that the underlying stock price will not increase before the call’s expiration date, which may require them to purchase shares that are higher than the market price to close the position.
It is almost always safer for traders to sell calls on a stock they already own — known as a “covered call” position — than those they don’t. This way, if the stock price increases sharply, the trader’s net position is hedged. Naked calls, on the other hand, may be considered speculative trades. You keep the premium if the underlying asset is at or in the money at expiration, but you also face the potential of seeing unlimited losses if the option to buy is exercised.
Key Points
• Naked call options involve selling calls without owning the underlying asset, aiming to profit from time decay.
• This strategy carries high risk, with potential for unlimited losses if stock prices rise sharply.
• Covered calls, using owned assets, are a less risky alternative to naked calls.
• Exiting a trade can be done by buying back options or shares to close the position.
• Risk management and liquidity are essential to handle adverse price movements and margin requirements.
Understanding Naked Calls
When a trader sells or writes a call option, they are selling someone else the right to purchase shares in the underlying asset at the strike price. In exchange, they receive the option premium. While this immediately creates income for the option seller, it also opens them up to the risk that they will need to deliver shares in the underlying stock, should the option buyer decide to exercise.
For this reason, it is generally much less risky to use a “covered call strategy” and sell an option on an underlying asset that you own. In the case of stocks, a single option generally represents 100 shares, so the trader would want to own 100 shares for each option sold.
Trading naked calls, on the other hand, is among the more speculative options strategies. The term “naked” refers to a trade in which the option writer does not own the underlying asset. This is a neutral to bearish strategy in that the seller is betting the underlying stock price will not materially increase before the call option’s expiration date.
In both the naked and the covered scenarios, the option seller gets to collect the premium as income. However, selling a naked call requires a much lower capital commitment, since the seller is not also buying or owning the corresponding number of shares in the underlying stock. While this increases the potential return profile of the strategy, it opens the seller up to potentially unlimited losses on the downside.
How Do Naked Calls Work?
The maximum profit potential on a naked call is equal to the premium for the option, but potential losses are limitless. In a scenario where the stock price has gone well above the strike price, and the buyer of the option chooses to exercise, the seller would need to purchase shares at the market price and sell them at the lower strike price.
Hypothetically, a stock price has no upper limit, so these losses could become great. When writing a naked call, the “breakeven price” is the strike price plus the premium collected; a profit may be achieved when the stock price is below the breakeven price.
Although there are significant risks to naked calls, the process of writing them can be straightforward. An individual enters an order to trade a call option; but instead of buying, they enter a sell-to-open order. Once sold, the trader hopes the underlying stock moves sideways or declines in value.
So long as the shares remain below the strike price at expiration, the naked call writer will keep the premium (or credit) collected. However, if the company that issued the shares releases unexpected good news, or the shares simply have positive price momentum, the stock price can go upward and expose the naked call writer to potentially significant losses should the buyer exercise the call option.
There are dozens of options on stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) with differing expiration dates and strike prices. For this reason, a trader must take a directional position on the underlying stock price while also accounting for the impact of time decay leading up to expiration. Keeping a close eye on implied volatility is important, too.
Closing Out a Naked Call
When the trader wants to exit the trade, they create a buy-to-close order on their short calls. Alternatively, a trader can buy shares of the underlying asset to offset the short call position.
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Let’s say a trader wants to sell a naked call option on shares of a stock. Let’s also assume the stock trades at $100 per share.
For our example, we’ll assume the trader sells a call option at the $110 strike price expiring three months from today. This option comes with a premium of $5 per share, which they receive for selling their options. This call option would be considered “out of the money” since the strike price is above the underlying stock’s current price.
Thus, the option only has extrinsic value (also known as time value). This naked call example seeks to benefit from the option’s time decay, also known as theta. At initiation, the trader sells to open the trade, and then collects the $5 premium per share.
As the option nears its expiration date, time value diminishes, and the option price may decrease if the stock price does not significantly rise. If the stock price ends below the strike price by expiration, the option could expire worthless, allowing the trader to retain the full premium as profit.
Conversely, if the stock price increases significantly — say from $50 to $60 — the traders who sold the call at a $52 strike price could face a loss of at least $8 per share ($60 market price minus the $52 strike price, less any premium received). If multiple contracts are sold, the losses can add up quickly.
For example, if the stock price rises during the contract period, the trader who sold the call option may face increasing losses as the stock moves further above the strike price.
Using Naked Calls
In general, naked calls are best suited for experienced traders who have a risk management strategy in place already.
Naked calls may appeal to traders seeking speculative opportunities, since they may profit if the underlying stock price remains stable or declines. The strategy comes with the risk of potentially unlimited losses and other considerations, such as liquidity concerns and the potential need for a margin account or leverage.
The challenge of trading naked calls is the need for sufficient liquidity to manage adverse price movements. If the underlying stock experiences unexpected positive momentum, its price may rise sharply, leading to substantial losses for the trader. This risk is compounded when a trader does not have adequate funds to cover the margin requirements associated with the position.
This strategy may require you to open a margin account with a broker so you can tap into their liquidity if necessary. Brokers typically enforce strict margin requirements for naked calls to mitigate this risk, which can result in margin calls if the account value drops too low.
Naked call strategies are most appropriate for seasoned traders who thoroughly understand options mechanics, as well as the factors that influence price movements (volatility, time decay, and underlying stock performance). These traders should implement stringent risk controls, such as predefined exit strategies and position sizing, to limit exposure.
Risks and Rewards
The potential for unlimited losses makes naked call writing a risky strategy. The reward is straightforward — keeping the premium received at the onset of the trade. Here are the pros and cons of naked call option trading:
Pros
Cons
Potential profits from a flat or declining stock price
Unlimited loss potential
Can allow time decay (theta) to work in your favor
Reward is limited to the premium collected
May generate income
May result in a margin call when the underlying asset appreciates
Naked Call Alternatives
One common alternative to naked calls is known as “covered call writing.” This strategy includes owning the underlying stock while selling calls against it. This can be a more risk-averse alternative to naked calls, but the trader must still have enough cash to purchase the necessary shares (unless they are using margin trading).
There are other, more complex options strategies that can help achieve results similar to naked call writing. Covered puts, covered calls, and bear call spreads are common alternatives to naked calls. Experienced options traders have strategies to manage their risk, but even sophisticated traders can become overconfident and make mistakes.
Selling naked puts is another alternative that takes a neutral to bullish outlook on the underlying asset. When selling naked puts, the trader’s loss potential is limited to the strike price (minus the premium collected) since the stock can only go to $0 — however, that loss can be significant.
The Takeaway
A naked call strategy is a high-risk technique in which a trader seeks to profit from a declining or flat stock price. The maximum gain is the premium received while the risk is unlimited potential losses. As with all option trading strategies, traders need to understand the risks and benefits of selling naked calls.
🛈 While investors are not able to sell options, or write naked calls,on SoFi’s options trading platform at this time, they can buy call and put options to try to benefit from stock movements or manage risk.
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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes. Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results. Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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The average retirement age in the US is age 62, but that number doesn’t reveal the wide range of ages at which people can and do retire.
Some people retire in their 50s, some in their 70s; other people find ways to keep pursuing their profession and thus never completely “retire” from the workforce. The age at which someone retires depends on a host of factors, including how much they’ve saved, their overall state of health, and their desire to keep working versus taking on other commitments.
Still, having some idea of the average age of retirement can be helpful as a general benchmark for your own retirement plans.
Key Points
• The average retirement age in the U.S. is 62, with variations by state.
• Retirement age is influenced by financial, health, and personal factors.
• Many people retire earlier than planned due to unforeseen circumstances, which can lead to financial challenges.
• Specific savings benchmarks are recommended at different life stages to achieve retirement goals.
• One rule of thumb is to save 10 times one’s income by age 67 for a comfortable retirement.
Age 65 may be what many of us think of as the traditional age to retire, and according to 2024 research by the Employee Benefit Research Institute, more than half of workers surveyed expect to retire at age 65 or older. Yet 70% of the retirees in that study reported retiring before age 65.
In addition, the age of retirement by state varies widely. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, these are the states with the highest and lowest average U.S. retirement ages:
• Hawaii, Massachusetts, and South Dakota is 66.
• Washington, D.C., is 67.
• Residents of Alaska and West Virginia it’s 61.
A lower cost of living may be what’s helping West Virginia residents retire so young. West Virginia was one of the 10 states in the country with the lowest costs of living, according to the latest Cost of Living Index.
While those previously mentioned states give a look at two ends of the average retirement age spectrum in the U.S., many states have an average retirement age that falls closer to what one might expect.
Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, and Virginia all have an average retirement age of 65.
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Factors Influencing Retirement Age
There are many different factors that affect the typical retirement age. Some key factors include:
• Financial situation and retirement savings: How much retirement savings a person has, whether it’s in an investment account or an employer-sponsored plan, is an important determinant of their average retirement age. A recent survey by the AARP found that more than half of all respondents were worried about not having enough money for retirement.
Concerns like this may delay retirement age. In addition, those who are waiting to get their full Social Security benefits may decide to wait until the government’s designated full retirement age of 66 or 67, depending on their year of birth.
• Health: The state of a person’s health can also influence the age at which they retire. Those in good health may opt to work for more years, while those with medical conditions or disabilities may need to retire earlier.
• Location: Where they live may also affect how long an individual keeps working. In places where the cost of living is higher, people may work longer to pay their expenses now and in retirement. Others who are expecting to move to a more affordable place might retire earlier.
• Lifestyle goals: How a person plans to spend their retirement affects how much money they may need, which can impact when they retire. Someone who hopes to travel frequently may choose to work longer to keep earning money, for instance.
Retirement Expectations vs. Reality
Expectations can lead to disappointment. Anyone who has ever planned for a sunny beach vacation only to see it rain every day knows that.
Now imagine a person spending most of their adult life expecting to retire at 65 or earlier, and then realizing their retirement savings just isn’t enough.
According to the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s 2024 Retirement Confidence Survey, the expected average age of retirement is 65 or older. However, as noted previously, the actual average retirement age in the U.S. is 62, according to that same survey as well as other research. Retiring at 62, or earlier than planned, could lead to not having enough money to retire comfortably.
How to Know When to Retire
Not everyone retires early by choice. Six in 10 people retired earlier than they expected, mostly because of health problems, disabilities, or changes within their companies, according to a 2024 survey by the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies.
It can be difficult for workers to exactly predict at what age they will retire due to circumstances that may be out of their control. For example, among adults who save regularly for retirement, 33% say they won’t have enough money to be financially secure in their post-employment years, and 31% don’t know if they will have enough, the AARP survey found.
In order to bridge any financial gap caused by not having enough retirement savings, 75% of pre-retirees in the Employee Benefit Research Institute’s survey expect they will earn an income during their retirement by working either full time or part time.
The survey found that half of respondents have calculated how much money they will need in retirement, and 33% estimate they will need $1.5 million. However, there is a gap between their expectations and their actions. One-third of respondents currently have less than $50,000 in retirement savings.
Common Misconceptions About Retirement Age
There are some misconceptions about the typical retirement age. These are two of the more common ones:
• There is an ideal age to retire. While research shows that many people believe age 63 is the best age to retire, it is a highly individual decision. Some people may need to work longer for financial reasons; others may have to take retirement sooner than anticipated.
• Age 65 is the traditional retirement age. The average retirement age in the U.S. is actually 62. Many people retire earlier than they think they will, often for health reasons or changes within their companies.
How Much You Should Have Saved for Retirement?
To retire comfortably, the IRS recommends that individuals have up to 80% of their current annual income saved for each year of retirement. With the average Social Security monthly payment being $1,177, retirees may need to do a decent amount of saving to cover the rest of their future expenses.
This is something to keep in mind when choosing a retirement date.
Retirement Savings Benchmarks by Age
To have enough savings for a comfortable retirement, one common rule of thumb is to save 10 times your income by the age of 67. To stay on track toward that goal, these are some retirement savings benchmarks individuals can aim for along the way.
Age
Retirement savings
30
1x income
35
3x income
40
3x income
45
4x income
50
6x income
55
7x income
60
8x income
67
10x income
Calculating Your Personalized Retirement Goal
To help determine how much money you’ll need for retirement, look at how much you currently have in retirement savings, what your Social Security benefit will be at the age you plan to retire — you can use the Social Security calculator to find this number — and any other income sources you may have, such as a pension or inheritance funds.
Then, draw up a retirement budget to get a sense of how much money you may need. Be sure to include estimated living expenses, housing, and health care costs. Plugging those numbers into a retirement calculator can help you determine how much money you might need per year.
Comparing what you’ll need annually for approximately 30 years of retirement with your savings, Social Security benefit, and other income sources will help you see how much money you still need to save in order to get there — and give you a target goal to aim for.
It’s Never Too Early to Start Saving for Retirement
Since retirement can last 30 years or more, financial security is key to enjoying your golden years.
Any day is a good day to start saving, but saving for retirement while a person is young could help put them on the path toward a more secure retirement. The more years their savings have to grow, the better.
“A very helpful habit,” explains Brian Walsh, CFP® at SoFi, “Is truly automating what you need to do. Recurring contributions. Saving towards your goals. Automatically increasing those contributions. That way you can save now and save even more in the future.”
You could even use something like automated investing if you think it could be helpful. Whatever you do, be sure to start saving as soon as possible. The longer you wait to save for retirement, the more you will need to save in a shorter period of time.
Benefits of Starting Early with Compounded Growth
Starting retirement saving early can be powerful because of a process called compounding returns.
Here’s how it works: Say you have money invested in your retirement account, or maybe you even do self-directed investing, and that money earns returns. As long as those returns are reinvested, you will earn money on your original investment and also on your returns.
Compound returns can be a way for your money to grow over time. The returns you earn each period are reinvested to potentially earn additional returns. And the longer you invest, the more time your returns may have to compound.
3 Steps to Start Preparing for Retirement
It’s not enough to have an idea of when you want to retire. To really reach that goal, it’s important to have a financial plan in place. These steps break down how to prepare for retirement.
Step 1: Estimate how much money you’ll need
One of the first steps a person could take toward their retirement saving journey is to estimate how much money they need to save. Besides the method outlined above, there is also a retirement savings formula that can help you estimate: Start with your current income, subtract your estimated Social Security benefits, and divide by 0.04. That’s the target number of retirement savings per year you’ll need.
Step 2: Set up retirement saving goals
It might be worth considering what retirement savings plans are available, whether that is an employer-sponsored 401(k), an IRA, or a savings account. Contributing regularly is key, even if big contributions can’t be made to retirement savings right now.
Making small additions to savings can add up, especially if extra money from finishing car payments, getting a holiday bonus, or earning a raise can be diverted to a retirement savings account. And periodically review the investments in your account, which may be mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs), to make sure they’re working for you.
If an employer offers a 401(k) match, it is typically beneficial to take advantage of that feature and contribute as much as the employer is willing to match.
Along with receiving free money from an employer, there are also tax benefits of contributing to a 401(k). Contributions to a 401(k) are pre-tax — that lowers taxable income, which means paying less in income taxes on each paycheck.
In addition, 401(k) contributions aren’t taxed when deposited, but they are taxed upon withdrawal. Withdrawing money early, before age 59 ½, also adds a 10% penalty.
Step 3: Open a Retirement Account
If access to an employer-sponsored 401(k) plan isn’t available — or even if it is — investors might want to consider opening an IRA account. For investors who need a little help sticking to a retirement savings plan, they could consider setting up an automatic monthly deposit from a checking or savings account into an IRA.
In 2024 and 2025, IRAs allow investors to put up to $7,000 a year into their account ($8,000 if they’re 50 and older). There are two options for opening an IRA — a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA, both of which have different tax advantages.
Traditional IRA
Any contributions made to a traditional IRA can be either fully or partially tax-deductible, and typically, earnings and gains of an IRA aren’t taxed until distribution.
Roth IRA
For Roth IRAs, earnings are not taxable once distributed if they are “qualified”—which means they meet certain requirements for an untaxed distribution.
Once you set up an IRA, you’ll need to choose investment vehicles for your funds. Investors who don’t have a lot of money to work with might consider something like fractional shares that allow individuals to invest in a portion of an ETF or share of stock, for instance.
Late to the Retirement Savings Game?
Starting to save for retirement late is better than not starting at all. In fact, the government allows catch-up contributions for those aged 50 and over. Catch-up contributions of up to $7,500 in 2024 and 2025 are allowed on a 401(k), 403(b), or governmental 457(b). In 2025, those ages 60 to 63 can make a catch-up contribution up to $11,250, thanks to SECURE 2.0
A catch-up contribution is a contribution to a retirement savings account that is made beyond the regular contribution maximum. Catch-up contributions can be made on either a pre-tax or after-tax basis.
As retirement gets closer, future retirees can plan their savings around their estimated Social Security payments. While this estimate is not a guarantee, it might give a retiree — or anyone planning when to retire — an idea of how much they might consider saving to supplement these earnings.
Social Security benefits can begin at age 62, which is considered the Social Security retirement age minimum. However, full benefits won’t be earned until full retirement age, which is 66 to 67 years old, depending on your birth year.
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FAQ
Does the average retirement age matter?
The age at which you retire affects your Social Security benefit. For instance, if you retire at age 62, your benefit will be about 30% lower than if you wait until age 67.
What is the full retirement age for Social Security?
The full age of retirement is 67 for anyone born in 1960 or later. Before that, the full retirement age is 66 for those born from 1943 to 1954. And for those born between 1955 to 1959, the age increases gradually to 67.
How long will my retirement savings last?
One strategy you could use to help determine how long your retirement savings might last is the 4% rule. The idea behind the rule is that you withdraw 4% of your retirement savings during your first year of retirement, then adjust the amount each year after that for inflation. By doing this, ideally, your money could last for about 30 years in retirement.
However, your personal circumstances and market fluctuations may affect this number, which means it could vary. It’s best to use the 4% rule only as a general guideline.
Is early retirement realistic for most people?
While early retirement can sound enticing, for most people, it is not realistic because they don’t have enough retirement savings. For example, one-third of respondents to a survey by the Employee Benefit Research Institute said they have only $50,000 saved for retirement. And according to an AARP survey, 33% of adults who save regularly for retirement say they won’t have enough money to be financially secure in their retirement years.
What’s the difference between early and full retirement age?
When it comes to receiving Social Security benefits, early retirement age is 62 and full retirement age is 66 or 67, depending on your birth year. However, retiring early at age 62 and starting these benefits can result in a benefit that’s as much as 30% lower than waiting until the full retirement age of 67.
SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Brokerage and Active investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, member FINRA(www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org).
CalculatorThis retirement calculator is provided for educational purposes only and is based on mathematical principles that do not reflect actual performance of any particular investment, portfolio, or index. It does not guarantee results and should not be considered investment, tax, or legal advice. Investing involves risks, including the loss of principal, and results vary based on a number of factors including market conditions and individual circumstances. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
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Budgeting is an essential part of money management. Without any kind of plan, you can end up living paycheck to paycheck, accumulate debt, and miss opportunities to save. Excel can be a powerful budgeting tool that allows you to track your income and expenses and plan for future financial goals.
Below, we’ll walk through the process of creating a budget in Excel, either from scratch or using a template, plus offer tips on how to track your spending, set financial goals, and avoid common budgeting mistakes.
Key Points
• To create a budget in Excel, you can start with a blank workbook or download a premade budget template.
• When starting from scratch, you’ll need to list income sources, expense categories, and months.
• Once you add data, you can calculate totals using the SUM function.
• Customization options include adding financial goals, charts, and graphs.
• Using a premade budget template offers a ready-made structure, saving time and allowing you to focus on entering financial information right away.
How to Use Excel to Make a Budget From Scratch
The steps below will help you use Excel to create a basic budget that tracks monthly income and expenses over one year on a single spreadsheet. Once you nail the basics using Excel for budgeting, you can customize your spreadsheet to create all different kinds of budgets from scratch. Here’s how to get started.
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Step 1: Opening a Workbook
To begin creating a budget in Excel, you’ll need to open Microsoft Excel and create a new workbook. This blank spreadsheet will serve as your budgeting tool. Note that the columns are letters (A, B, C, D, etc) and the rows are numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, etc). We’ll refer to each box in the spreadsheet, such as A1, B2, C3, as a “cell.”
Step 2: Adding Income
To start your budget, add your sources of income. Skip a row from cell 1A and label box 2A “Income.” After Income, you’ll want to list down all sources of income (in cells 3A, 4A, etc.). You might only have one or two sources of income (such as “Salary” and “Tutoring”). Or, you might have several if you earn a paycheck plus extra money through another side gig and/or you have passive income streams like real estate income or investment dividends.
Label the final box in your income list “Total.”
Step 3: Adding Expenses
Skip a space under the Total cell in column A and write “Expenses.” Next, you’ll want to list your regular expenses down column A in the same way you did Income, with the final box labeled “Total.”
Step 4: Adding the Months of the Year
In row 1, column B (which is cell B1), you’ll want to enter “Jan.” To have Excel add the rest of the months for you, simply select cell B1, click the lower right corner of the cell, and drag it across 12 cells to column M (or cell M1). Excel will fill in all the other months.
Step 5: Entering Data to Start Budgeting
Now it’s time to start entering income and expense data for each month that you have available. In the cells labeled Total, you’ll need to enter the SUM function. To do this, select the cell and type “=SUM” followed by the cell range you want added together in parentheses, then press Enter.
For example, if you only have two sources of income listed in column B (cells B3 and B4), you’d type “=SUM(B3:B4).” To add the SUM function for each month, simply click the lower right corner of the cell and drag it across all the rows through to the “Dec.” column.
Note: You can also add a “Year” column after Dec. to get your totals for the year. To do this, you’ll need to add the SUM function to the first cell under “Year,” then drag it down so you can get year-end totals for each source of income and each expense category.
Step 6: How to Track Spending and Stick to a Budget
An Excel budget allows you to quickly see how your income and spending line up. To do this, you can add a “Balance” heading in column A, under your Expenses section, to subtract your expenses from your income. (You might skip a row for a cleaner look.) Next, use the SUM function and input the cells you want subtracted from each other, such as “=SUM(B5-B12).”
Ideally, you’ll end up with a positive (rather than a negative) number in your Balance cell.
Step 7: Adding Some Goals
To take your budget to the next level, you’ll want to think about your goals and how much you need to save each month to achieve them. Short-term goals might include building an emergency fund, paying off credit card debt, or saving for a vacation. Long-term goals might include funding your retirement and saving for a child’s future college education.
If your Excel budget shows that your monthly expenses are close to or higher than your monthly income, you’ll want to comb through your regular expenses and find areas where you can cut back. Any money you free up can then be redirected towards saving for your goals.
To help ensure you make progress towards your goals, you might add them as line items in your budget. This allows you to allocate money towards saving each month, just as you earmark money for expenses. Once you know how much you want to save each month, consider setting up an automated monthly transfer from your checking account to a high-yield savings account for that amount.
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Customizing a Pre-Made Excel Budget Template
A quicker way to create a budget in Excel is use one of their many premade budget templates. Simply go to File>New, then search for the term “budget.” You’ll see a library of budget template options, including a personal monthly budget, household budget, college budget, and vacation budget.
Using one of these templates may allow you to create a more detailed budget. For instance, a template might include “Projected” and “Actual” income and expenses and tabulate the differences.
You can also customize an Excel budget template to make it suit your needs. For example, you can add rows or columns by selecting where you want to add a column or row, right-click, then scroll down to “Insert.” You’ll then have the option to add to “Table Columns to the Left” or to “Table Rows Above.”
In addition, you can get rid of sections that aren’t relevant to you. For example, if you don’t have any loans, you can delete the “Loans” row under the Monthly Expenses tab by right clicking the tab, select “Delete” and “Table Rows.”
How to Track Spending and Stick to a Budget
Once you prepare an Excel budget, you’ll have a sense of your average monthly earnings and spending and how they line up. You may also have a clearer idea of your goals, and how you want to tweak your spending to help you achieve them.
To better manage your money and stick to your spending targets, it’s a good idea to track your spending — at least for a month or two. You can do this by carrying around a small notebook and pen and making it a habit to record every transaction you make (or, you could use the Notes app on your phone). A higher-tech option is to use a budgeting app that links to your credit and debit cards directly. These tools automatically record and categorize your transactions for you (though you may still have to track cash payments).
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Tips for Maintaining Your Excel Budget
To make sure your budget is effective over time, consider these tips:
• Review your budget monthly: This can help you assess spending patterns and determine if you need to make adjustments in your budget or spending moving forward.
• Refine categories: As you track spending, you may find that you need to adjust spending categories listed on your budget. You may also decide to change your savings goals based on changes in your habits or financial priorities.
• Use charts and graphs: Excel allows you to create graphic representations of your data. These charts and graphs can help you visualize where money is going, analyze spending trends, and identify any problem areas.
Excel can be a highly effective budgeting tool when consistently and correctly. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid.
• Ignoring small expenses: Minor purchases — like a latte here, a bagel sandwich there — can add up to a sizable sum and impact your budget.
• Overcomplicating the spreadsheet: Keeping your Excel budget layout simple can make it easier to manage. If it becomes too time consuming to fill in your data, you might simply give up on budgeting after a few months.
• Not accounting for irregular expenses: When listing expenses, it’s important to factor in irregular costs like quarterly bills and annual fees. You can do this by estimating the annual cost, then dividing that sum by 12 to come up with a monthly cost.
Excel Budget Template Examples
Here are some examples of different Excel budget templates you can use:
• Personal Budget: This offers a simple layout for tracking income and expenses. Monthly and yearly totals are calculated and the spreadsheet is fully customizable.
• Personal Monthly Budget: This template allows you to hone in on one month at a time. You can also set expected income and expenses, then input your actual income and expenses and see how they line up.
• Holiday Shopping Budget: This Excel budget template makes it easy to organize your holiday shopping. You can track what you want to purchase, what you have purchased, how much it all cost, and even if it’s been wrapped or not.
• Wedding Budget: You can use this template to track spending on flowers, reception, photography, and more. It also records estimated versus actual costs and calculates the difference.
The Takeaway
An Excel budget can be a simple and effective way to manage your money. Whether you build one from scratch or use a premade template, Excel allows you to organize your income and expenses, use built-in calculators for accuracy, and create visuals that highlight trends and offer insights into your financial health.
Once you have a clear picture of what’s coming into your bank account each month and where that money is going, you can take better control over your finances, start siphoning more into savings, and get closer to your goals.
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FAQ
How often should I update my Excel budget?
It’s a good idea to update your Excel budget monthly, as this can help you identify overspending, adjust for unexpected expenses, and keep your financial goals on track. It’s also a good idea to check in on your budget whenever there are significant changes to your income or expenses. This can help ensure your budget stays aligned with your financial situation.
Can I use Excel for both personal and business budgeting?
Yes, Excel can be a good tool for both personal and business budgeting. Personal budgets focus on tracking income, expenses, and savings, while business budgets typically include additional elements like cash flow, profit and loss statements, and financial forecasting. Excel allows for multiple sheets within a single workbook, making it easy to manage different aspects of your financial life separately.
How do I handle irregular income in my Excel budget?
To handle irregular income when budgeting, you’ll want to come up with a monthly average based on historical data. For example, if you’re expecting to earn at least $12,000 for the year from freelance work, you would allocate $2,000 a month to income, and use that money to offset monthly expenses.
What are some advanced Excel features that can enhance my budget?
Excel offers a number of advanced features that make budgeting more effective. For example, you might tap advanced charting options to turn your data into pie charts and line charts or use Conditional Formatting to highlight all negative numbers in red and positive numbers in green. Another helpful feature is PivotTables, which allows you to extract data from a larger spreadsheet and put it into a smaller table and even reorganize the data.
How can I visualize my budget data in Excel?
Visualizing budget data in Excel can be a great way to track spending and identify trends. For example, you might create a pie chart to show the proportion of your income you allocate to each spending category. This quickly highlights where the majority of your money is going and can uncover areas where you may be overspending. Or you might create a bar graph that illustrates your spending in different categories for each month of the year. This can help you to see patterns and seasonal fluctuations.
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You just came into a cash windfall. You’re happy about this, but you aren’t exactly sure about what to do with it. Should you spend it? Save it? Invest it?
The answer will depend on the size of the windfall and your current financial situation and goals. Here are some ideas for things you can do with a financial windfall to ensure that you are handling it in the smartest way possible.
Key Points
• A good way to use a windfall is to pay down high-interest debts, such as credit card balances.
• It’s also wise to build an emergency fund with at least three to six months of living expenses.
• Consider putting the funds in a high-yield savings account or investing in stocks or bonds for future growth.
• You might allocate funds to personal goals like professional development, starting a side business, or home improvements.
• Another good use for a windfall is donating to a charity for a potential tax deduction and to support causes you care about.
What Is a Financial Windfall
While there’s no one specific definition for a financial windfall, it typically means that you’ve received some unexpected money of a significant amount. For some people, a windfall could be a few hundred dollars; for others, it could be millions.
The key component of a windfall is the element of surprise — you may be surprised by receiving any money at all, the amount of the money, or both. Generally, a windfall isn’t money you’ve factored into your regular income and budget. This can make it a major plus, but it can also lead to some financial challenges, along with some major decisions to make.
Examples of Financial Windfalls
Financial windfalls can come from a variety of sources. Here are some common examples of windfalls:
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3 Tips to Help You Make the Most of Your Money Windfall
If you are fortunate enough to have a windfall land in your lap, you’ll need to decide if you’re going to spend, save, invest, donate the money, or some combination of the above. The following steps can help you come up with a plan that makes the most of your newfound cash.
• Get professional advice: Depending on the size and source of your windfall, you might owe taxes on it and it might push you into a different tax bracket. Consulting with an accountant or financial planner can help you identify the implications.
• Take it slow: While it’s exciting to have cash coming your way, it’s wise to take some time and reflect on how the money would be best spent versus deciding “Dinner’s on me!” for you and your 10 best pals to celebrate. For instance, could your windfall lower or wipe out some debt? Could it be invested? Don’t let the adrenaline rush drive you to make too quick a decision. Take some time to clarify your goals.
• Think long-term: If you’ve received a sizable sum, it may be tempting to quit your day job to travel or take on a passion project. Again, it could be wise to seek financial counseling before you make that type of leap. What sounds like a major sum may not actually be enough to fully finance your dreams. It’s important to look at the financial implications of a major life change carefully.
Remember That Taxes May Be Due on Your Windfall
Depending on the source of your windfall, it may be subject to income taxes. Tax law regarding windfalls is complicated, however, so it’s a good idea to consult an accountant or other tax professional to make sure you understand how much your windfall is actually yours to keep.
Understanding Tax Implications Based on the Source of the Windfall
Whether or not you owe taxes on a windfall will depend on where your windfall is coming from. Here’s a look at some examples:
• Inheritance: In general, any inheritance you receive does not need to be reported to the IRS. However, you may owe state taxes if the amount exceeds a certain threshold.
• Life insurance payout: Proceeds you receive as a beneficiary of a life insurance policy typically aren’t taxable, but if the proceeds have accumulated interest, taxes may be due on that interest.
• Lottery/prize winnings or large bonus: If your windfall is from a lottery, other prize, or large bonus, you are typically taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. This means you will pay taxes on your windfall based upon your tax bracket.
• Sale of property or a business: Profits from selling real estate or a business are generally taxed at the long-term capital gains rate, depending how long you owned the asset.
• A large cash gift: You typically do not have to pay taxes on a windfall that was given to you as a gift; the giver is responsible for paying any gift taxes.
What to Do With a $500 Windfall
Let’s say the amount of money you received was $500. While it isn’t a ton of money, it’s still significant enough that you should figure out what to do with it. Here are a few ideas for what to do with a small windfall.
1. Investing in Real Estate
Did you know that you can become a real estate investor with just $500? Real estate investment trusts (REITs) allow you to invest in real estate on a small scale. Similar to mutual funds, REITs are companies that own a mix of properties and typically pay dividends to investors. Although there is risk involved in investing in REITs, it might be a good way to get your feet wet if you’re interested in real estate investing.
2. Meeting With a Financial Advisor
Hiring a financial advisor to help you learn how to plan for your financial future might be a good use of this money. Financial advisor fees vary: Some charge a flat fee, some charge hourly, some are commission-based. If this professional will be managing a portfolio for you, they may charge 1% to 2% of the portfolio’s value.
3. Buying a New Wardrobe
You could refresh your wardrobe with your new supply of cash. Upgrading your clothes could give you the confidence to go after your professional goals. Or you might splurge on some clothes you’ve been eyeing that give you a self-esteem boost.
4. Traveling Somewhere Cheap
You might plan a weekend getaway or road trip for only $500. Throw in your credit card points or rewards you’ve accumulated to bump up your budget.
5. Investing in a Certificate of Deposit
Another thing you can do with a $500 financial windfall is put it into a certificate of deposit (CD). This is a type of savings account that holds a fixed amount of money for a set period of time and generally pays more than a regular savings account.
6. Getting Your Car Fixed
Have you been putting off car repairs because they’re too expensive? Now that you have $500, it might be time to invest in your vehicle so it’s less likely to break down when you’re on the road.
7. Buying Renter’s Insurance
If you’re a renter, your personal property is not covered under your landlord’s homeowners insurance policy. If you don’t have renter’s insurance, you might use your windfall to buy yourself some peace of mind. The average renter’s insurance cost in the U.S. is $148 per year, which means your windfall could insure your possessions for at least the next three years.
8. Purchasing a Life Insurance Policy
If your family depends on your income, life insurance helps protect them in the event that you pass away. The average cost of a life insurance policy is $26 per month. That means you could pay for the whole year up front with your $500 windfall. Typically, life insurance rates increase as you age and your risk of dying increases. So it’s likely to be less expensive to purchase life insurance while you’re young, rather than waiting until you feel like you can afford it.
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9. Taking a Professional Development Class
While private colleges and universities might be too pricey, you may be able to find a class online or at your local community college for less than $500. Finding something that is relevant to your career may even help you move up the ladder at your job.
What to Do With a $1,000 Windfall
Did you receive a $1,000 financial windfall? Here are some ideas for how you might use this sudden influx of cash.
10. Getting Started on Your Emergency Fund
An emergency fund is a separate savings account that you can tap to cover or offset the expense of an unexpected expense or loss of income. If you haven’t started building your emergency fund, or it’s not as robust as it should be, your $1,000 windful could boost your safety net.
11. Hiring an Estate Planning Lawyer
Another important thing you could do with a $1,000 cash windfall is meet with an estate planning lawyer to write your will, establish a trust, and determine your power of attorney. You may feel some peace knowing your family will be protected and your assets will be distributed according to your wishes.
12. Opening a 529 Plan
A 529 plan offers a way to save for your child’s college education. With $1,000, you can get a nice head start on college savings. Your money will grow tax-free and if you withdraw the money for qualified educational expenses, you won’t pay any taxes on those withdrawals.
13. Doing Home Improvements
With $1,000, you could do a small home improvement project like replacing your curtains, painting a room or two, putting down a new kitchen floor, or sprucing up your backyard. If you do the work yourself, you may be able to stretch your financial windfall money even further.
14. Donating It
If there’s a nonprofit you’ve always wanted to support, you might consider using your $1,000 windfall to make a donation. Your money could make a big difference. Plus, you may also be able to deduct the contribution on your taxes (if you itemize).
15. Opening a High-Yield Savings Account
Savings accounts rates are averaging 0.41% APY as of December 16, 2024, according to the FDIC. A high-yield savings account, however, may pay 3.00% APY or higher. Plus, savings accounts are typically insured by the FDIC up to $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category, in the event of bank failure.
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16. Saving for Retirement
If you have a 401(k) but haven’t contributed much so far, your windfall could help you increase your savings rate. Or, if you’re eligible to contribute to a traditional or Roth individual retirement account (IRA), you might open one with your $1,000 windfall to boost your retirement savings.
17. Investing in Your Side Hustle
To make money on your $1,000 financial windfall, you might use it to start a low-cost side hustle. Maybe you’re a freelance graphic designer but you need to buy some software to be able to do more detailed work. Or, perhaps you need to purchase a domain name and hire a developer to create a business website. With this initial investment, you may be able to bring in much more money and improve your finances.
What to Do With a $5,000 Windfall
You just got a cash windfall of $5,000. Now what? Here are some ideas.
18. Saving Up for a Down Payment
In some cases, you only need to put 3% to 5% down on a home. That means you could conceivably buy a $150,000 home using your $5,000 financial windfall money as your down payment. More realistically, you could use your windfall to add to money you’ve already saved for your down payment.
19. Paying Off Credit Card Debt
The average consumer credit card debt balance is $6,730. A $5,000 windfall could pay most of that bill off in one fell swoop and could save you a significant amount of money in interest.
20. Investing Via Robo-Advisors
Do you want to invest your $5,000 cash windfall, but you don’t know where to start? Robo advisors create a diversified investment portfolio based on your investment goals and the level of risk you’re willing to take.
21. Investing in Blue-Chip Stocks
You might also consider using your windfall to invest in blue-chip stocks. These stocks are from well-established and financially stable companies that typically pay dividends to investors.
22. Investing in Bonds
Though they carry some risks, bonds are considered relatively safe and stable investments. When you purchase a bond, you’re lending money to an entity like a government or corporation. In return, you receive the interest payments at regular intervals. At the end of the repayment period, you get your original investment amount back.
23. Taking a Vacation
With $5,000, you and your family could potentially take a great vacation within the U.S. For example, your windfall might be enough to fund an RV excursion, urban getaway, visit to a theme park, or a beach retreat. Check out sites like Expedia, Costco Travel, and Booking.com for deals.
What to Do With a $10,000+ Windfall
If you received a cash windfall of $10,000 or more (lucky you!), here are some things you could do with it.
24. Opening a Money Market Account
You could use your $10,000 to open a money market account, which typically earns a higher interest rate than a regular savings account.
25. Paying Off Student Loan Debt
The average federal student loan debt in the U.S. is $37,853 per borrower. If you have a $10,000 financial windfall, you could put a nice dent in your student loan balance.
26. Trying Peer-to-Peer Lending
Using a peer-to-peer lending platform, you could lend your financial windfall money to someone who is looking for a loan and potentially earn a good return. Just keep in mind that this type of lending involves risks.
27. Making Mortgage Payments
You could make a large principal-only payment toward your mortgage loan with a $10,000 cash windfall. This can help you pay off your loan off sooner and save a significant amount of interest. First, verify that there are no prepayment penalties tied to your loan.
28. Going to College
While $10,000 won’t cover a bachelor’s degree unless you also get grants or scholarships, you may be able to earn your associate’s degree at your local community college with your financial windfall money. Or it might cover several classes at a public university that could lead to career advancement.
29. Starting Your Business
Let’s say you want to do more than start a side hustle, and you’re ready to open a small business. A $10,000 windfall could help you get the ball rolling on your business without needing to borrow money. You might consult with a successful business owner in your industry for guidance on how best to allocate your money.
30. Increase Contributions to Your Retirement Account
This can help you build your nest egg, while also reducing your taxable income, which could help offset taxes owed on your windfall (if applicable).
31. Make a Move
If you’re looking to be closer to work or simply want to live in a quieter — or busier — location, a $10,000 financial windfall could be enough to cover the cost of hiring movers.
The Takeaway
Receiving a financial windfall opens up all kinds of possibilities. You might pay down debt, take a vacation, invest the funds, pursue higher education…or even do a little of each. Though it’s tempting to spend your windfall right away, it’s a good idea to step back and think through the wisest way to use your newfound cash. In the meantime, you might park the money in a high-yield savings account. This allows you to earn an above-average interest on your windfall but still keeps the money accessible.
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FAQ
What amount of money is considered a windfall?
The amount that’s considered a windfall can vary from person to person. For some, it could be a few hundred dollars. For others, a windfall might be thousands or even millions of dollars.
What to do with a $50,000 windfall?
There are many ways to use a $50,000 windfall. You could pay down debt, put a down payment on a home, pump up your retirement account, start or add to a college savings account, do a home renovation, or use it as seed money to start a business.
What can you do with a $100K windfall?
With a $100,000 windfall, you might pay off your mortgage, put a down payment on a home, build your retirement or college savings fund, invest the money for long-term growth, or a combination of the above.
Should you save or invest a windfall?
It depends on your financial situation and goals. If you have high-interest debt, a good use of a windfall is to pay it off. Next, you might start or top off your emergency fund. Whether to save or invest the rest will depend on your goals. For short-term goals, like saving for a vacation, wedding, or new car, consider putting the funds in a high-yield savings account. For goals that are at least five years off (like retirement, buying a house, or a child’s college education) investing may be a better choice.
How can you avoid common mistakes with a windfall?
To avoid common mistakes with a windfall, it’s important to pause and make a plan for how to use the money, rather than spend impulsively. Smart ways to use a windfall include paying off high-interest debt, building an emergency fund, and investing for long-term goals like retirement or a child’s college education.
About the author
Kylie Ora Lobell
Kylie Ora Lobell is a personal finance writer who covers topics such as credit cards, loans, investing, and budgeting. She has worked for major brands such as Mastercard and Visa. Read full bio.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Checking & Savings Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/. Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Inc. (CFP Board) owns the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, CFP® (with plaque design), and CFP® (with flame design) in the U.S., which it awards to individuals who successfully complete CFP Board's initial and ongoing certification requirements.
If you’re looking for your bank routing and account numbers, they are likely easier to find than you may think: You can locate them on your checks or by logging into your financial institution’s app, for instance.
That said, you probably don’t want to broadcast these digits to too many people. Your routing and account numbers are the keys to your banking kingdom.
Your account’s routing number designates which financial institution holds your money, while your account number identifies your own unique checking or savings account. As you go about your financial business, you will require these numbers for many transactions, from enrolling in direct deposit at your workplace to signing up for online bill pay.
Key Points
• A routing number is a nine-digit code that identifies a bank or credit union.
• An account number is a unique identifier for your specific bank account.
• Routing numbers are used for various financial transactions like direct deposit, bill pay, and wire transfers.
• Account numbers are private and should be kept secure to prevent fraud.
• You can find your routing and account numbers on checks, through online banking, in-app, or by contacting your bank.
What Is a Routing Number?
A routing number is a sequence of nine digits that identifies a bank or credit union, and each banking institution has a unique number. Here are some facts about routing numbers and how they work:
• A routing number is also sometimes referred to as an ABA number, in reference to the American Bankers Association, which assigns them. Routing numbers are only issued to federal or state-chartered financial institutions that are eligible to maintain an account at a Federal Reserve Bank.
• Your bank’s routing number and ACH routing number may or may not be the same digits. Check with your bank to be sure.
• The routing number required for making a wire transfer often differs from the routing number that is printed on your checks. That number can be found online or by contacting your bank.
• A small bank may only have one routing number, while a larger financial institution may have several (they typically vary by state). An online bank, which operates without physical branches, will typically have one routing number.
Purpose of a Routing Number in Banking
The purpose of a routing number is to identify the financial institution that is responsible for the payment and ensure that funds are sent to the right place in a financial transaction.
Routing numbers are generally required when reordering checks, paying bills, setting up direct deposit, or making tax payments. Making sure you have the right digits will help ensure smooth transactions.
What Is an Account Number?
While the routing number identifies the financial institution where your account is held, the bank account number represents your specific account. While anyone can find your bank’s routing number, your account number is private; that’s a key difference in routing vs. account numbers. Here are some other points about account numbers to know:
• Typically between nine and 12 digits, your account number acts as a road map of sorts for your bank, letting them know where to deposit or withdraw money, whether that’s a checking account or a savings account.
• If you have two different accounts at the same financial institution, you will have two different account numbers. The routing number for these accounts, however, will be the same.
• Because your account number can unlock access to the funds in your checking or savings account, it’s critical that you keep it safe.
Role of an Account Number in Transactions
Whether you are receiving a paycheck, making online purchases, or setting up autopay, your account number plays a key role. While routing numbers identify your bank, account numbers ensure that money is correctly credited to or debited from the right account.
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When You’ll Need a Routing Number or Account Number
You’ll need to know your account number and routing number for a variety of everyday financial transactions. These may include:
If you need to find your routing and account numbers, you have several options:
Looking at a Check
You can find your routing number and account number printed on the bottom of your checks.
You’ll see three groups of numbers (often separated by spaces and/or symbols). Typically, reading left to right, the first number (nine digits) is the routing number; the next group of numbers (usually nine to 12 digits) is the account number; the third is the actual check number.
Contacting Your Bank
If you need your bank routing and account numbers and don’t have access to a check, you can call your bank (or stop into a branch) and ask a customer service representative to provide you with the numbers. Since your account number is private information, you will likely have to provide identifying details to prove you are who you say you are to gain access to this number.
Note: If all you need is the routing number, you can easily find it on your bank’s website.
Accessing Your Online Account
If you log into your bank account online or in-app, you should be able to get your banking details. Your account number may be encrypted (meaning you can only see the last four digits). If that’s the case, you can typically get the full number by downloading a recent bank statement. Or, there may be a prompt you can click in order to see the full number.
Protecting Your Routing and Account Numbers
Although anyone can locate your bank’s routing number, your account number is not public information. Just like you are mindful about who sees your Social Security number, the same goes for your bank account number. You want to make sure that someone doesn’t use your bank account and routing number without authorization.
Tips for Keeping Your Banking Information Secure
Here are some ways to keep sensitive banking information safe:
• Avoid sharing your banking details unless necessary. To protect yourself from potential bank fraud, you generally don’t want to share your account number with any person or business unless you absolutely need to. Also wise: not sharing pictures of checks you’ve written on social media, even if it is for the first payment on your dream car.
• Store physical checks in a secure place. Since checks contain both your routing and account number, it’s a good idea to keep your checkbook tucked away in a safe place, not sitting out in the open. Also be sure to shred old checks and paper statements before throwing them away.
• Enable multi-factor authentication for online banking. Two- or three-factor authentication requires additional information beyond a password, such as a code sent to your mobile phone or a fingerprint scan, for account access. You’ll typically find this option inside the account settings.
• Regularly monitor your accounts. It’s a good idea to review your bank statements monthly and check your online banking once a week. This allows you to pick up on any suspicious transactions and nip any potential issues in the bud.
If you suspect fraud or unauthorized access to your bank account:
• Contact your bank immediately. Call customer service and inform the representative of any unauthorized banking transactions as soon as you notice them.
• Change your login credentials: It’s a good idea to choose a new (unique) password for your bank account. Also consider setting up multi–factor authentication if you haven’t already.
• Review your recent transactions: Comb through recent activity on your bank account and make a list of any transactions you don’t recognize, noting the date and details. You’ll need this information to file a dispute with your bank.
• Consider placing a fraud alert on your credit report: You can contact any one of the three credit bureaus — Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion — to place a fraud alert on all three of your credit reports. A fraud alert is free and notifies creditors to take extra steps to verify your identity before extending credit.
The Takeaway
Your account and routing numbers work together to identify your account and ensure that your money gets transferred from the right place or that you receive funds intended for you. If you’re confused about routing vs. account numbers, the routing number indicates the bank where your account is held, while the account number identifies your specific account at that bank.
Knowing the difference between these numbers, where to locate them, and how to protect them is vital to managing your finances securely.
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FAQ
Do you need both a routing and account number?
Typically, yes. Common transactions — like setting up direct deposits, making electronic payments, or transferring money between banks — require both a routing and account number. The routing number identifies your bank, while the account number specifies your individual account. Together, they ensure that funds are correctly transferred to or from the right institution and account.
That said, for some transactions (like in-branch deposits), just your account number may suffice, as the bank already knows its routing number.
What comes first on a check, a routing or account number?
Typically, when you look at the lower portion of a check (reading left to right), the routing number comes first, followed by the account number, and then the actual check number.
The routing number is a nine-digit code that identifies the bank, while the account number specifies your specific account within that bank. Checks are typically numbered to help with record-keeping.
Do I give my account number or routing number for a direct deposit?
For a direct deposit, you need to provide both your routing and account numbers. The routing number ensures the deposit is sent to the correct bank, while the account number directs the funds to your specific account. You may also be asked to provide a voided check.
What happens if I use the wrong routing or account number?
Using the wrong routing or account number can result in a failed transaction or funds being sent to the wrong account.
If your bank catches the mistake, it may reject the transaction. If your bank misses it and the account number belongs to someone else, the money could get deposited into the wrong account. If that occurs, you’ll want to contact your bank immediately to try to remedy the problem.
Are routing numbers the same across all branches of a bank?
Not necessarily. Smaller banks often have a single routing number for all branches. But if a bank has branches located in different states, routing numbers won’t be the same across all branches. Your routing number will be based on the branch where you first opened your account.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Checking & Savings Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/. Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
