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Before applying for refinancing, listing your house on the market, or buying a house, you’ll need to get a home appraisal. This is an important independent assessment of a property’s value, which matters to all parties involved: you, your buyer (if you’re selling), and a lender.

Here, learn the ins and outs of home appraisals so you understand the process and can manage it successfully. You’ll find out:

•   What is a home appraisal?

•   How long does a home appraisal take?

•   How can you prepare for a home appraisal?

•   What can you do if a home appraisal comes in low?

What Is a Home Appraisal?

A home appraisal is an objective and professional analysis of a home’s value. An appraisal aggregates an array of information including details on the home itself (the floor plan, amenities, and how big it is), a visual inspection, real estate trends in your area, and how much nearby homes in your area sold for.

Generally, an appraisal will be completed when someone is buying, selling, or refinancing a home. It will tell a homeowner whether or not the price they’re putting on the home is fair based on the condition of the home, its amenities, and its location.

Home appraisals will let those buying a home know if a home is a good price. (This can be especially reassuring for first-time homebuyers, who are new to the whole process.)

If you think it’s time to refinance and are getting an appraisal done, it shows the home mortgage lender that you, the borrower, aren’t receiving more money from them than the home is actually worth. The lender wants to know that they are loaning funds to a property that is holding the stated value.

According to a National Association of Realtors® study from June 2024, appraisal issues led to real estate contract delays in 7% of transactions, so it’s important to get the appraisal right the first time around. That’s an important step in selling your home fast.

How Much Does a Home Appraisal Cost?

The home appraisal cost is typically several hundred dollars, and the borrower will most likely be responsible for paying it. Most people can expect to pay between $300 to $610 for a home appraisal, but it could be higher depending on the specific property. Some examples:

•   If the property contains a pond or lake, you can expect the home appraisal cost to be more.

•   If the appraiser is inspecting a larger home and/or a bigger overall property, then the home appraisal cost will go up. The same applies to jumbo loans, which are usually given to borrowers purchasing homes priced in the upper six-figure and $1 million-plus range.

It’s worth noting that there are a few cases in which the seller will cover the cost. These include the following situations:

•   If a homeowner wants to get an appraisal and see what modifications they can then make to increase their home value when they’re ready to sell it, they would pay for it.

•   If a homeowner is going to sell their home to a family member or friend, an appraisal can help ensure that the parties involved are getting a fair price.

The cost of a home appraisal covers things like the appraiser’s training, licensing, insurance, and expertise. It also covers the time it’ll take for the appraiser to assess nearby sales and market trends as well as conduct a visual inspection.

You’re paying for the appraisal report (more on that in a minute), which will show how the appraiser came to their conclusion on the price and information about your home.

At the end of the appraisal, if it comes up lower than the amount for which you want to refinance or sell it, then you may need to work out a new deal with your lender or purchasing party. That topic is explored in more detail below.

What Is the Home Appraisal Process?

The appraisal process may seem complicated, and you may wonder about how long a home appraisal will take and how deeply a home will be scrutinized. Fortunately, trained appraisers will be able to explain and guide you through every step. But it’s worthwhile to keep reading so you can be ready and prepare a bit. Some points to know:

•   Generally, if a home is being sold, the appraisal happens after an offer on a house is accepted and within a week after an inspector has toured the home. Sellers have the option, should they wish to pay for it, to do a pre-listing appraisal so they have more information and are better prepared for negotiations.

•   In most cases, the mortgage lender will seek out a third-party appraisal management company to come up with an objective analysis of the home and the appraisal estimate. The lender will determine the cost of the home appraisal, with the borrower usually being responsible for covering the expense.

Next, how long does a home appraisal take? The actual on-premises inspection appraisal can take between one and three hours, depending on how big and complex the home is. Here’s how it typically goes:

•   The appraiser will usually bring a form to collect information about the home including things like measurements, nearby housing trends, the demographics of the neighborhood, the condition of your home, and how it compares to other properties in your area. (Some of this is research the appraiser will do back at their desk.)

•   The appraiser will also review things like the home’s location, quality of construction, parking situation, exterior condition, its age, its structure, the quality of the siding and gutters, and the square footage.

•   They will also research the appliances and mechanical systems, health and safety factors, the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and the code compliance throughout.

•   The appraiser will usually take photos of the home as well as make notes. If you are the homeowner, try to avoid getting in the way when the appraiser is taking photos or interrupting them while they’re working.

•   The appraiser may ask questions about what has been done with the home to get a more accurate report. If the homeowner doesn’t want to be there for the appraisal, the real estate agent you’re working with can fill in to answer questions that may come up during the appraisal.

After the appraiser finishes, they’ll put together a report. This involves research into pricing and home values in your area, as well as prevailing market trends. The appraiser may need to check that you had permits to make upgrades, which could delay the process. Typically, however, the finished product is delivered within a week to 10 days.

The report is usually about 10 pages long, but it could be longer if a property is large or complex. It will show details about the home as well as local properties that are similar to it. Here’s how its content could impact your sale:

•   If the appraised value is around the same price as listed, then the sale could close shortly after that.

•   If it’s lower than expected, you have what’s known as an appraisal gap, and it may be necessary to get in touch with the lender to see if a mortgage will be approved. Keep reading for more details on this scenario.

Recommended: Refinance Your Mortgage and Save

What If an Appraisal Comes in Low?

If the appraisal comes in low versus what you think your home’s value is, you likely want to dispute that in some way. One option could be to print out a list of similar homes in the community and show that they were valued at a higher price than your home. You may have the option to appeal the appraisal, but note you’ll likely need to support your argument and the appraiser may not change their appraisal. If you are working with a Realtor, they may be able to provide examples of comparable homes being of higher value.

Each lender may have different criteria for formally disputing an appraisal, so should there be an issue, contact the lender to review their policies. In most cases, only the lender can request a second appraisal.

What if the appraisal is low but you don’t want to dispute it? In this case, if you might negotiate with the buyer, seller, or lender. They may be flexible on the price; all you have to do is ask.

Recommended: Track the value of your home

Home Appraisal Checklist

Before getting a home appraised, there are a few things you can do to help the process go smoothly.

1.    Declutter. While messiness shouldn’t impact the value of your home, if you get rid of clutter (perhaps donate to a local thrift shop), the appraiser can do their job more easily and quickly.

2.    Clean. Thoroughly clean the inside and outside of the home, including the yard. Break out the cleaning supplies or hire a professional cleaning team. It can improve the overall impression of a home’s condition.

3.    Make minor repairs. It’s also a good idea to repair any cracks in the wall, paint over paint that is peeling, and make any other visual repairs that may need attention. Making some common home repairs may cost a little money, but it’s preferable to having a long list of things flagged in the appraiser’s report.

4.    Check fixtures and appliances. Test the lights, faucets, ceiling fans, and security system, as well as confirming that the windows and doors open and close easily. Run appliances like the oven and dishwasher as well to guarantee there are no problems.

5.    Think curb appeal. The exterior of your home is among the factors that affect property value. Consider trimming hedges, getting rid of cobwebs, cleaning the gutters, pulling weeds, and mowing the lawn. Adding plants or flowers could help, too.

   Worth noting: Since the appraiser will be walking outside, avoid watering the grass on the day of the appraisal. This can help avoid mud or dirt being tracked through the house.

6.    Plan for pets. If you have pets, consider putting them in a designated room or taking them to a family member or friend’s home during the appraisal.

7.    Wrangle upgrade info. If possible, make a list of all the upgrades that have been completed on the home and attach permits and receipts detailing how much it all cost.

The Takeaway

Whether you’re buying, selling, or refinancing a home, a home appraisal is a key part of the process. Knowing what to expect can help ensure the process goes as smoothly as possible. It’s also a good idea to understand the factors that go into an appraisal so you can be prepared if the results are not in the range expected.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What will fail a home appraisal?

Deferred maintenance is one major factor that can cause a home appraisal to fail to come in at the desired value. The longer the list of outdated or broken systems or appliances, the more likely the appraiser is to consider the house of lesser value. Or it could be due to the local market: If home sales are declining in value in your area, that could cause your number to go down as well.

How should I prepare for a home appraisal?

If you’re hoping to buy the house, you simply sit back and let the appraiser do their job. If you are the seller, you can prepare for a home appraisal by cleaning up your property and making whatever repairs are required. These moves can both make the process go more smoothly and possibly enhance the home’s value.

Does messiness affect a home appraisal?

A messy or cluttered house should not impact a home appraisal. Licensed appraisers are trained to look past such issues and focus on the house, not its contents. That said, if your property is untended and in rough condition, with peeling paint or overgrown landscaping, for example, that can take the home’s value down a notch.

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Rent prices are on the rise. According to the latest data from Rent.com, in August 2023, the national median rent ticked up to $2,052 per month. That has many people wondering, what is rent control, and can it help curb prices?

Rent control is a term used to describe price controls implemented by local governments on apartment units. Rent control limits the amount a property owner can increase rent prices during a certain period of time. It’s also usually accompanied by tenant protections allowing for lease renewals and protecting against unwarranted evictions. Rent control is more common in larger, expensive population centers like New York and San Francisco.

How does rent control work? Read on to find out.

What Is Rent Control?

Rent control is a government regulation that puts a ceiling on the amount of rent that can be charged to a tenant. This means landlords can’t charge the market rate for a rental in rent-controlled jurisdictions. Rent increases may be allowed, but they are limited and regulated by law.

How does rent control work in NYC? In New York, rent control can also refer to the Emergency Tenant Protection Act. This act was first enacted in the demilitarization period following World War II when housing shortages resulted from the large number of soldiers returning home from the war.


💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

How Does Rent Control Work?

Your local government has the final say when it comes to rent control — unless they’re prohibited by law to enact price controls on housing units, as is the case in 33 states.

There’s often a rent board appointed, which is a mix of property owners, tenants, and other community members. The board has a say about rent adjustment amounts and other housing-related issues.

Rent control is usually applied to a specific area or building. For example, in New York, rent stabilization applies to buildings that were built between February 1, 1947 and December 31, 1973. (Pre-war, rent-controlled buildings revert to the newer rent stabilization program once a tenant moves out.)

The maximum price a landlord can charge can be set by the regulating agency. In New York City, rents are subject to the Maximum Base Rent Program, which is a formula for rents based on real estate taxes, utilities, operating and maintenance expenses, and vacancy allowances.

The economics of rent control can create a large demand. Because the supply of rent-controlled apartments is low, most tenants who want an apartment with rent control will wait on a list or enter a lottery system for many months or years.

History of Rent Control

New York City first enacted rent control when housing units were scarce following the end of World War II. It was called the War Emergency Tenant Protection Act and was later replaced by a different rent control method called rent stabilization. Rent stabilization has been in place since 1974 in New York City, and 1979 in San Francisco.

Rent Control vs Rent Stabilization

Discussions of rent control vs. rent stabilization are usually in reference to regulation in New York City.

In New York City, rent control generally applies to buildings constructed before 1947 with tenants in place prior to July 1, 1971. That date is important as it refers to a change in regulation laws where rent control gave way to rent stabilization.

Rent stabilization generally refers to price controls on buildings with six or more units constructed between 1947 and 1974. It can also include buildings removed from rent control that were constructed prior to 1947, as well as some other buildings that enjoy special tax advantages. Rent stabilization does not apply to co-ops or condos vs apartments. Tenants in rent-stabilized apartments have the right to renew their lease.

Today, the terms “rent control” and “rent stabilization” typically refer to the same thing: rent regulation.


💡 Quick Tip: Not to be confused with prequalification, preapproval involves a longer application, documentation, and hard credit pulls. Ideally, you want to keep your applications for preapproval to within the same 14- to 45-day period, since many hard credit pulls outside the given time period can adversely affect your credit score, which in turn affects the mortgage terms you’ll be offered.

Pros and Cons of Rent Control

While rent control can protect tenants from large rent increases, it also means property owners have little incentive to maintain the property or create more housing units for the rent-controlled area. Here are some of the pros and cons of rent control.

Pros:

•   Tenants have some stability in the cost of their housing unit over time

•   Tenants usually also have some eviction protections

Cons

•   Landlords don’t have incentive to re-invest in other apartments or upgrade their current rentals

•   Unit size is not always a match for a family’s size

•   May contribute to housing shortages

Example of Rent Control

Rent control is determined by the local rent board or commission. That includes price increases. For example, if you started renting an apartment for $2,000 last year, and the maximum allowable amount for a yearly rent increase is 7.5%, the most your yearly rent would increase would be $150. That would bring your new rent to $2,150.

How to Find a Rent-Controlled Apartment

If you’re looking for a rent-controlled or rent-stabilized apartment, your city’s rent regulation authority is usually one of the best places to find them.

New York City’s government website has a list of rent-stabilized buildings, as well as guidelines on how to know if an apartment is rent-controlled. It’s even possible to submit the building’s address in an online form to find out if rent is stabilized.

Recommended: 25 Things to Know When Renting Out an Airbnb

States With Rent Control

Only seven states have rent control laws in place. They are:

•   Oregon

•   California

•   New York

•   Maine

•   Maryland

•   Minnesota

•   New Jersey

•   District of Columbia

Thirty-three states have laws that preempt (or prevent) local governments from implementing some form of rent control.

One of the reasons states may outlaw rent control regulation has to do with housing supply. Economists note that while rent control affords price control and some protection for tenants, it also negatively affects the housing supply. That’s because limiting how much a property owner can make discourages housing investment, such as investing in duplexes, as well as housing development in areas where rent control exists.

If a property owner is limited on the money they can make on their unit, they will invest in other areas that do not have these restrictions and where they may even be able to rent out extra rooms. This, in turn, exacerbates housing affordability because there are fewer units with more people to compete for them.

The Takeaway

Rent control has benefits, especially in high-density areas where expansion is limited and long-term tenants need some affordability. However, it does come with downsides, including possibly limiting the housing supply.

In addition, rent-controlled properties can be difficult to come by because there aren’t a lot of them. In this case, or if you’re simply ready to move on from apartment life into something you own, you may want to look into buying a house, including checking out first time homebuyer programs.

Or, if you’re an investor, perhaps you’re thinking of investing in single family rental homes. Either way, whether you want to buy a house to live in, or buy it to rent it out, you can explore your mortgage options. There are many different types of mortgages available, so you’ll have plenty to choose from.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Who benefits most from rent control?

Tenants already in place may benefit from living in an apartment where price increases are limited or controlled. Rent-controlled apartments are typically reserved for individuals and families that need affordable housing.

What is an example of rent control?

One example of rent control is this: If you signed a lease on a rent-controlled apartment for $1,700 per month and the maximum allowable rent increase is 3.5%, then the most your landlord could increase your rent would be by $59.50. That would bring your new monthly rent to $1,759.50.

What are the negative effects of rent control?

Economists say rent control creates housing shortages and doesn’t incentivize landlords to maintain or repair their rental units.

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Photo credit: iStock/gorodenkoff

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

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Consider the standard unsung driveway at most U.S. homes. Could it pave the way to something better? While the primary function of driveways is usually parking, they can also offer recreation space for children and pets, increase property values, and enhance curb appeal.

Both building and maintaining a driveway are costs of owning a home that could benefit from financial planning and weighing options for materials, location, and design. Here’s a breakdown of key driveway ideas to help make your home improvement dream a reality.

1. Choosing a New Surface

Figuring out what material to use is a logical starting point when approaching new driveway ideas.

The chosen surface will affect the project’s cost in terms of the material itself, labor to install it, and how it will be maintained for years to come. The local climate is another factor to consider, as it plays into the durability and drainage of certain surface materials.

Let’s take a closer look at the pros, cons, and considerations for some popular driveway surfaces, including what to budget for.

Asphalt

Asphalt is a leading material used for roads and driveways alike for several reasons. The smooth finish to asphalt can present a polished look that is also easy to clean. At the same time, it offers good traction for vehicles, which is a big plus for sloped driveways in particular.

Asphalt comes with some downsides, too. The leading concerns stem from frequency and cost of long-term maintenance, as resurfacing is recommended every two years. Runoff is another potential issue, but adding drainage and landscaping to capture water can help remedy the environmental impact.

The local climate can play a role in picking a material, too. Generally, asphalt is better than other surfaces in colder climates. Specifically, it is advantageous for snow plowing and handling freezing temperatures and ice. Think of it as a way of winterizing your property.

On average, asphalt costs from $7 to $13 per square foot, and much of the price can be attributed to the labor and heavy machinery required.

Concrete

Given its prevalent use in public sidewalks, it may come as no surprise that concrete is also a popular material for driveways.

On the positive side, concrete driveways can be installed quickly, offer good traction, and may last for several decades with proper maintenance, such as annual resealing to prevent cracks. Concrete is also well suited for warmer climates because it doesn’t hold heat as long as asphalt.

Conversely, concrete is not the cheapest material and can be prone to runoff, which is a concern for homeowners in regions with heavy precipitation.

Concrete driveways may range from $4 to $15 per square foot, with an average cost of $6 per square foot, according to HomeAdvisor. Factors that may increase costs include removing an existing driveway or adding reinforcement, which may be necessary if heavy vehicles like RVs are present.

Concrete requires less machinery and is safer to work with than asphalt, so construction-savvy homeowners with smaller driveways may opt to install the component concrete slabs themselves to see further savings.

If concrete doesn’t sound like the ideal aesthetic, there are options to customize a driveway to your liking. Spruce-ups include using stained or tinted concrete, adding a decorative stone border, and integrating a patchwork of unpaved greenery, which can also help with drainage.

Recommended: Home Renovation and Remodeling Cost Calculator

Gravel

Gravel may vary in composition and rock type, but generally speaking, it can be thought of as a mixture of loose stone. It is a common material used in pathways and playgrounds but can be applied to driveways as well.

Of all the surface options, gravel is typically the cheapest and most DIY-friendly. The cost varies by the need to clear land and type of stone, but the expected price is roughly $1 to $2 per square foot without serious excavation.

Though gravel driveways can require some topping up and reconfiguration as stones move around, it is incredibly durable and does not need costly maintenance.

Gravel may be well suited for a rustic aesthetic in rural areas, but it may be less appropriate or feasible in more urban areas and housing developments. Furthermore, gravel may not lend itself to shoveling and plowing snow from the driveway without clearing away stone.

To determine the total gravel needed, a general rule of thumb is to have at least 4 inches of coverage, though more may be necessary for extra drainage.

Stone and Brick

Stone and brick have been used for roads and as building materials for centuries.

Using stone and brick for a driveway can create a historic and refined appearance and raise the property value. Also, the ability to integrate patterns, design elements, and colors into the stone or brickwork can complement the design of a home more than other materials might.

Beyond the visual appeal, the materials can endure for decades, and maintenance can be done one stone or brick at a time instead of resealing or paving the entire surface.

The primary drawback of stone or brick driveways is cost of materials and installation. Depending on the quality of stone or brick, expect to pay between $10 and $30 per square foot. Higher-end stones can fetch a significantly heftier price tag.

Permeable Pavement

Recent advances in engineering have made permeable paved surfaces an affordable reality for parking lots, roadways, and driveways.

Permeable pavement can come in several forms, including porous asphalt and pervious concrete. The pores drain water to the stone bed below, helping the water filtrate toxins naturally instead of running off to pollute waterways via storm drains.

The majority of benefits of asphalt and concrete apply, but permeable pavement can be slightly more expensive to install and needs to be vacuumed with professional-grade equipment every one or two years to remove debris and sediment from the pores. Often, permeable-pavement companies offer vacuuming and inspection services after installation.

In addition to the environmental benefits, homeowners may be eligible for tax rebates and other financial incentives from their local government for pursuing the greener option.

For instance, Palo Alto, California, has a rebate of $1.50 per square foot of permeable pavement installed.

Recommended: 7 Important Factors That Affect Property Value

2. Landscaping

Whether updating a driveway or building a new one, driveway ideas extend beyond the surface itself. Landscaping can be tied in with the project to beautify the space and reduce runoff.

Depending on how ambitious the project is, you may be able to handle part or all of the landscaping yourself. While this is an opportunity to have fun and be creative, maintenance is another important consideration.

For example, choosing perennial plants that regenerate each year and shrubs that will not quickly outgrow the space could add color and greenery without putting hedge trimming and spring planting on your to-do list.

Planting perennial species that develop deep root systems, such as black-eyed Susan and bee balm, can increase the garden’s ability to hold water and prevent flooding. This could also mitigate one of the most common home repair costs — foundation repair. In some cases, those repairs could cost up to $40,000.

3. Adding Lighting

Changing up the lighting in and around the driveway area can create a more stylized setting, as well as enhance safety and functionality for entering and leaving the home.

When choosing the type of lighting, you may want to consider the upfront cost of the unit and operational expenses of electricity and replacement. LED lights are a sustainable and cost-effective driveway idea for the long run, thanks to greater efficiency and a longer lifespan than incandescent and CFL bulbs.

Installing a combination of accent and overhead lighting allows the option to adjust the setting with the flip of a switch. Syncing the lighting with either motion sensors or timers can lower the electric bill and reduce light pollution to keep the neighbors happy.

4. Building a Gate

Topping off a driveway improvement with a gate is another way to highlight a home’s curb appeal and improve safety.

Gates may provide peace of mind by giving control of who enters the home. They can also help ensure that children and pets have a safe area to play in without worry of them venturing into the street.

Convenience and safety can also be added by prominently featuring the house number on the gate or pillar structure, which may help visitors and emergency services find the home more easily.

Spatial considerations, such as distance to the road, driveway width, and landscaping, will influence whether a sliding or swinging gate or vertical lift gate makes the most sense.

5. Maintaining the Driveway

A driveway is an investment, and taking proper care can help retain its value and reduce maintenance costs over time.

Depending on the type of driveway, here are some general measures to stay on top of upkeep:

•   Seal the driveway as recommended to prevent cracks.

•   Remove weeds from cracks in the surface.

•   Clean and fill cracks.

•   Fill in pothole depressions caused by heavy vehicles.

For colder climates, taking care of ice is important for personal safety and driveway maintenance alike. Removing snow promptly and spreading sand, salt, or a de-icing agent helps with traction and prevents ice from forming in driveway cracks.

Checking Local Permitting and Zoning

Local governments and homeowner associations (HOA) may have zoning and permitting guidelines that dictate where a driveway can be placed and what it can look like.

A zoning requirement could specify that a driveway must be at least 5 feet from the property line or that an expansion of an existing driveway requires zoning board approval.

HOA rules can be stricter and more specific. They might govern the type of surface material, adjacent landscaping, and ability to install a gate.

Checking that your desired improvements comply with such regulation could save time, money, and frustration.

Paying for Driveway Improvements

Deciding how to pay for driveway improvements is another important step. Like most home repairs, fixing the driveway could become more expensive as the problem gets worse.

Unexpected repair costs can do a number on a monthly budget. In fact, only 4 in 10 Americans would pay a $1,000 surprise expense from their savings, borrowing that money instead.

If you fall into this category, you still have options. Instead of depleting your savings account or pushing it off for future credit card payments, personal loans could spare you the high interest rates.

For revamping or building a driveway, a home improvement loan is another option to consider.

SoFi offers home improvement loans that don’t require home equity as collateral. Additionally, fixed-rate payments can help keep you on track and align with your budget.

Need to give your driveway a facelift? Learn how a home improvement loan from SoFi could make it happen.

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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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When you miss qualifying for a mortgage, you may be wondering if you have any options for buying a home. One avenue you might be researching is how does lease-to-own work?

Lease-to-own, also known as rent-to-own, is a way to begin the process of purchasing a property by renting it first. The main benefit of lease-to-own is that it allows the tenant time to build up credit and savings. It also grants the tenant time to see if the area and neighborhood are a good fit for their needs. We’re here to break it all down for you so you can decide if a lease-to-own agreement makes sense for your situation.

What Is Lease-to-Own?

A lease-to-own is an agreement between a landlord and a tenant that gives the tenant the right to buy the property after a specified amount of time. A portion of the rent paid may accumulate and be used for a down payment in the purchase transaction (the portion of rent held for the buyer is also known as “rent credit”).

Buyers may want to learn more about what is a lease-to-own agreement for a number of reasons, such as an inability to qualify for a traditional mortgage. The lease period allows the buyer to:

•   Build their credit

•   Save for a larger down payment

•   Increase their income

•   Try out the neighborhood

How Does Lease-to-Own Work?

The first step in entering into a lease-to-own agreement is to find a lease-to-own property. Since a lease-to-own agreement is a contract directly between a buyer and a seller, buyers need to find sellers who are willing to enter this type of arrangement. It can be difficult, since most sellers prefer a conventional sales arrangement. With lease-to-own, the seller continues to carry the mortgage while collecting rent from the buyer. (After a period of time, the buyer will have the option to purchase and will seek a home mortgage loan of their own to help pay for the property.)

To find a lease-to-own home, try one of these ideas:

•   Use a real estate agent. Some agents specialize in rent-to-own programs and may be able to help you negotiate a lease-to-own contract with a seller or point you in the direction of a local program.

•   Search a database. Some websites list homes that may be available for lease-to-own. You may be able to find these homes on websites such as HomeFinder.com, ZeroDown.com, or Renttoownlabs.com.

•   Find a lease-to-own program. Some homes may be offered as part of a program similar to first-time homebuyer programs. In Home Partners of America or Divvy, for example, you find a home, the organization buys it, and then you sign a one-year lease (which can be renewed). At the end of the lease, the buyer agrees to purchase the property.

•   Look for “For Sale By Owner” yard signs or online advertisements. A lease-to-own agreement may be worked out directly with the owner of the property.

Once you’ve found a property, you’ll need to ask for documentation that the seller truly owns the property and is up to date on property taxes and mortgage payments. Sometimes would-be buyers enter an agreement only to find that the house is in foreclosure.

If everything checks out, the buyer and the landlord will sign a Lease Purchase Agreement. A Lease Purchase Agreement is more complex than either a lease or a real estate purchase contract — it’s a contract where the lease agreement is tied to a purchase contract. What that means is once the lease period ends, the buyer agrees to purchase the property for a price set at the beginning of the contract. (Some deals are Lease Option Agreements, in which the buyer has the option to purchase the property but also has the flexibility to walk away; you can hire a real estate attorney to help you create the contract that best suits your needs.)

The buyer puts down a deposit, which can be used to secure the option to purchase the property at a later date.

Later, after the lease period comes to a close, the Purchase Agreement is executed. The buyer must first find financing to buy the property at the previously agreed-upon price. It may also be possible to renew the lease for another year if the buyer doesn’t have the credit or down payment requirements ready.

In the purchase contract, there’s typically a fair amount of rent credit that the buyer can use toward the down payment on the home if they’re able to move forward with financing.

Recommended: What Is a Duplex? Features, Pros and Cons

What Is a Lease Purchase Agreement?

Let’s dig deeper into what a lease-purchase agreement actually is. A Lease Purchase Agreement is a real estate contract consisting of two parts: a lease agreement and a purchase contract. In a Lease Purchase Agreement, a buyer leases a property with the intent of purchasing it down the road. At the end of the lease agreement, the buyer must secure funds, usually with a mortgage, to purchase the property.

Lease-to-own agreements are structured contracts that include the following:

•   Names of parties

•   Beginning and end date

•   Option money fee

•   Amount of purchase price

•   Amount of rent credit (25%-30% of the rent is typical)

•   Exclusions/inclusions of personal property (such as a washer and dryer)

Lease Purchase Agreements require the buyer to purchase the property in the future. A breach of one agreement voids the other. In other words, if the buyer breaks the lease agreement (such as by missing rent payments), they may not be able to purchase the property.

Recommended: Is Investing in Single-Family Homes a Good Idea?

How to Structure a Lease Purchase Agreement

Since a Lease Purchase Agreement is complicated, it needs to be structured to delineate terms and responsibilities clearly. Some examples include:

•   Determine dates and length of contract. A Lease Purchase Agreement should have clear beginning and end dates and should spell out what should happen at the end of the lease agreement. Some experts recommended a year or less.

•   List what the option fee is. The Lease Purchase Agreement will clearly disclose what the fee, if any, is for entering into the Lease Purchase Agreement.

•   Determine how the rental agreement will work. You’ll have a lease contract that looks much like any other lease agreement when you’re a renter. Your landlord, the seller, may require a deposit, for example, and have guidelines for how the property is to be used. If the property is a condo, there may be bylaws that govern whether you can be in a lease-to-own agreement with the owner. There could also be restrictions on whether you can rent out an extra room while you are a tenant, or whether you can use the property as an Airbnb.

•   Set the future purchase price. A Lease Purchase Agreement will include the home’s future purchase price. Properties can appreciate and renters may want to be sure they’re not going to pay a price that increases every year. Since you are locking in a price, it would be wise to have a home inspection just as you would a home you might purchase outright. After all, if the house has a serious flaw, that could be costly to repair and could affect its value — and in some agreements, the leaseholder is responsible for upkeep.

•   Decide on how much of the rent will go towards the purchase price. This is negotiated between the buyer and seller. It is also known as “rent credit.” Sellers should be wary of allowing too much rent credit as this could allow legal issues to creep in.

•   Clarify roles on home upkeep. In a lease-to-own situation, it’s less clear what party is responsible for maintenance and repairs. Be sure to spell this out in the contract before you sign. Tenants planning to become owners should be wary of making improvements that could become the property of the landlord.

•   Seller should continue paying taxes and insurance. As the seller is still the owner, they should be responsible for taxes and insurance.

Pros and Cons Of a Lease Purchase Agreement

There are some pros and cons to consider if you’re looking at a Lease Purchase Agreement.

Pros

•   Provides a path to homeownership for buyers who might not qualify for a mortgage or have a down payment

•   Locks in the purchase price with a contract

•   Allows the buyer time to build up credit

•   Gives a buyer time to increase income

•   Helps buyers save for a down payment

•   Makes it possible for the buyer to “test out” the neighborhood

•   Ability to earn rent credit or rent equity to go toward the down payment

Cons

•   Buyer may have higher monthly rent or upfront fees

•   Buyer could lose their deposit, option fee, and rent equity if the purchase doesn’t work out

•   Buyer may not qualify for a mortgage when the contract is up

•   House could be in bad shape

•   Seller could be a scammer who doesn’t own the home, is behind on taxes, doesn’t keep the home in good repair, or is in danger of being foreclosed on

The Takeaway

For a lease-to-own situation to make sense, you’ll want to look at the fine print. Consider the fees, interest rate, terms, rental contract, and property condition. If you need to get into a house ASAP and don’t have the right credit score or down payment, then a lease-to-own agreement might make sense. If the terms of a lease-to-own contract are not favorable enough for your situation, see what it takes to get back on track towards qualifying for a mortgage.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Is it a good idea to lease-to-own?

Whether or not a lease-to-own program is worth it is highly dependent on an individual’s situation. It’s a great idea for those who want to build up their credit, need time to save more money for a down payment, or want to see if the area is really one they want to live in, but you’ll want to do your research on the property and work with an attorney to ensure your rights are protected in the agreement.

What is the downside to lease-to-own?

If the lease-to-own arrangement doesn’t work out, or if the property owner fails to pay property taxes or make their mortgage payments, you may risk losing your deposit, down payment, and any equity you’ve earned with your rental payments.

What is the difference between lease-to-own and lease?

With lease-to-own programs, the renter may have the obligation (or an option) to purchase the property at the end of the contract. Also, it’s common for part of the money you pay in rent to accumulate toward your purchase price. None of this applies with a standard lease agreement.

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Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Are you sick of pouring money into summer rentals or booking vacation houses online, sight unseen? If you’re managing to make the mortgage payments on your primary residence without straining your budget, you could be ready to invest in a second home. Here are some ideas on how to get an additional mortgage loan to potentially purchase another home.

Consider All the Costs

If you already own a house, you understand that the costs of home ownership go beyond mortgage payments. Remember that you’ll now have a second set of costs, including property taxes, insurance, maintenance, utilities, and the cost of travel to the second location.

You may also face some expenses with a vacation property that you wouldn’t face with a primary residence. For example, a house on the beach might need flood insurance to protect it against hurricanes.

All of these costs factor in on top of a second mortgage payment. Before you dive into owning a second home, consider whether or not you can afford them.

💡 Quick Tip: You deserve a more zen mortgage. Look for a mortgage lender who’s dedicated to closing your loan on time.

Determine if You Want a Vacation Home or a Rental Property

Before beginning to shop for a mortgage, you’ll need to decide whether you want to potentially earn rental income on the property. The answer to this question will determine the type of mortgage you qualify for.

However, if you require rental income in order to qualify for the additional home purchase, you may need to document existing rental income derived from the property (if the seller will share that information) or the lender may require a rental appraisal from a local property manager or real estate agent specifying the likely rental income. Keep in mind that the lender may only use a certain percentage (likely 75%) of the lease amount as a credit toward your qualifying income.

To qualify for a loan on a rental property, you will likely need a higher down payment, typically at least 20% or more. Non-owner occupied loans allow you to use the home when it’s not rented. Investment property mortgage rates may be higher than those for a primary residence. Another factor to consider is that a rental property may affect your income tax deductions differently than a vacation home.

Factors to Qualify for a Mortgage

If you’re ready to buy a home, and you’ve decided whether you’re looking for a vacation home or a rental property, you’ll want to consider many of the same factors needed to secure a first mortgage. Utilizing a home affordability calculator can be important when understanding how much home you can afford.

Credit report and FICO® score: Your credit report is essentially a report card that shows lenders how responsible you are about managing your debt, including your existing mortgage. It shows whether you make payments on time and whether you’ve missed payments or defaulted on debt in the past.

Your FICO score is a number that reflects your consumer credit risk. Make sure that you keep your credit score healthy by making on-time payments. Also check your credit report to be sure everything has been reported correctly. Mistakes can drag your score down, so it’s important to alert the credit reporting bureaus immediately if you find incorrect information.

Debt-to-income ratio: Your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio is a measure of how much debt you carry each month compared to your monthly income. If you have $2,000 a month in debt payments and make $6,000 a month in income, your DTI is $2,000/$6,000, or 33%. If your DTI is too high, lenders are less likely to give you a mortgage, or you may not be able to secure a mortgage with favorable terms. The DTI required by your lender can vary based on factors such as your credit score, type of home, and the size of your down payment but most lenders like to see a DTI of no more than 43% for a second home purchase.

One way to get your DTI low is by paying off old debts and avoiding taking on new ones. “It’s important to cut spending as much as you can while you’re tackling your debts,” said Kendall Meade, a Certified Financial Planner at SoFi. You may also consider refinancing loans you already have, including the mortgage on your first house, if you can take advantage of potentially lower interest rates. A lower interest rate could mean paying less over the life of the loan, which could help you lower your DTI sooner than you thought.

If you are purchasing a rental property, and you can show an existing tenant’s fully executed lease agreement and other supporting documentation the lender may require, it is likely that the lender will calculate 75% of the monthly lease amount toward your qualifying income.

Down payment: Required down payments on second homes are typically higher than on primary residences. For a second home purchase, lenders may require a down payment of at least 10% or more. If you put less than 20% down, you may be required to have private mortgage insurance (PMI), which protects the lender if you stop making payments.

The more you can pay upfront with a down payment, the more favorable your mortgage terms are likely to be. Your interest rate and monthly payments may be lower, and if your DTI or credit score is less than ideal, a higher down payment could potentially help you compensate for these factors.

Though making a large down payment can be a financial boon, you may want to make sure that you don’t deplete your savings so much that you no longer have extra cash to cover other expenses like closing costs.

Income and assets: Your lender will typically want to see that you have two years worth of steady and ongoing income to qualify for a mortgage. They also may want to see recent statements from any monetary assets you have such as a checking account, savings account, CD, IRA, 401(k), etc. Lenders may also want to see reserve funds. The amount of required reserves will vary from lender to lender and loan program to loan program, but each month of reserves is equal to one month’s worth of payments on your first and additional mortgage. One month of mortgage payments is defined as principal, interest, taxes, insurance, and other miscellaneous costs (such as flood insurance or HOA dues).

💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show the real estate agent proof that you’re preapproved for a mortgage. SoFi’s online application makes the process simple.

Estimate How Much You Can Afford

This home affordability calculator helps estimate the cost of purchasing a home and what your monthly payment would be — including closing costs, insurance, and property tax.

The Takeaway

It’s usually a good idea to shop around. As you search for an additional mortgage, consider checking out multiple lenders to make sure you’re getting the best deal for you on interest rates, terms, and fees.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

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