2022 Hourly Wage Inflation Calculator Table

2024 Hourly Wage Inflation Calculator Table

We all feel the effects of inflation: Groceries cost more, childcare seems to be a luxury service. But that’s subjective. To nail down the real-world impact of inflation, economists like to compare rising prices to salaries, which are more static. This is where the wage inflation calculator comes in. The tool illustrates how much buying power your earnings currently have compared to past years.

We’ll take a closer look at how wage inflation calculators work and what they can tell us about making a living in the U.S. in 2024. We’ll also examine what inflation is and how much wages have grown compared to home prices, gold, and other metrics.

What Goes Behind an Hourly Wage Inflation Calculator

A wage inflation calculator may go by other names, such as an inflation wage calculator, hourly wage inflation calculator, minimum wage inflation calculator, or a wage adjusted for inflation calculator. But they’re all the same. You can see an example at https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm.

The calculator is one way to represent inflation, which is the change in price of goods and services. It tells you how much buying power a dollar amount has on a certain date compared to another date — usually today or a year-over-year equivalent. For example, someone may enter their hourly wage on Jan. 1, 2010, and then compare how much that same wage bought them on Jan. 1, 2024.

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Historical Inflation Rates, Compared

The table below shows the annual rate of inflation from 1920 to present. See the next section for more information on how to read the table.

Year

Annual Average CPI-U

Annual Percent Change (Rate of inflation)

1920 20.0 15.6%
1921 17.9 -10.9%
1922 16.8 -6.2%
1923 17.1 1.8%
1924 17.1 0.4%
1925 17.5 2.4%
1926 17.7 0.9%
1927 17.4 -1.9%
1928 17.2 -1.2%
1929 17.2 0.0%
1930 16.7 -2.7%
1931 15.2 -8.9%
1932 13.6 -10.3%
1933 12.9 -5.2%
1934 13.4 3.5%
1935 13.7 2.6%
1936 13.9 1.0%
1937 14.4 3.7%
1938 14.1 -2.0%
1939 13.9 -1.3%
1940 14.0 0.7%
1941 14.7 5.1%
1942 16.3 10.9%
1943 17.3 6.0%
1944 17.6 1.6%
1945 18.0 2.3%
1946 19.5 8.5%
1947 22.3 14.4%
1948 24.0 7.7%
1949 23.8 -1.0%
1950 24.1 1.1%
1951 26.0 7.9%
1952 26.6 2.3%
1953 26.8 0.8%
1954 26.9 0.3%
1955 26.8 -0.3%
1956 27.2 1.5%
1957 28.1 3.3%
1958 28.9 2.7%
1959 29.2 1.08%
1960 29.6 1.5%
1961 29.9 1.1%
1962 30.3 1.2%
1963 30.6 1.2%
1964 31.0 1.3%
1965 31.5 1.6%
1966 32.5 3.0%
1967 33.4 2.8%
1968 34.8 4.3%
1969 36.7 5.5%
1970 38.8 5.8%
1971 40.5 4.3%
1972 41.8 3.3%
1973 44.4 6.2%
1974 49.3 11.1%
1975 53.8 9.1%
1976 56.9 5.7%
1977 60.6 6.5%
1978 65.2 7.6%
1979 72.6 11.3%
1980 82.4 13.5%
1981 90.9 10.3%
1982 96.5 6.1%
1983 99.6 3.2%
1984 103.9 4.3%
1985 107.6 3.5%
1986 109.6 1.9%
1987 113.6 3.7%
1988 118.3 4.1%
1989 124.0 4.8%
1990 130.7 5.4%
1991 136.2 4.2%
1992 140.3 3.0%
1993 144.5 3.0%
1994 148.2 2.6%
1995 152.4 2.8%
1996 156.9 2.9%
1997 160.5 2.3%
1998 163.0 1.6%
1999 166.6 2.2%
2000 172.2 3.4%
2001 177.1 2.8%
2002 179.9 1.6%
2003 184.0 2.3%
2004 188.9 2.7%
2005 195.3 3.4%
2006 201.6 3.2%
2007 207.3 2.9%
2008 215.3 3.8%
2009 214.5 -0.4%
2010 218.1 1.6%
2011 224.9 3.2%
2012 229.6 2.1%
2013 233.0 1.5%
2014 236.7 1.6%
2015 237.0 0.1%
2016 240.0 1.3%
2017 245.1 2.1%
2018 251.1 2.4%
2019 255.7 1.8%
2020 258.8 1.2%
2021 271.0 4.7%
2022 294.4 8.6%
2023 304.7 4.1%
2024 314.4 3.2%


Data courtesy of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

How to Read Our Historical Inflation Rate Table

To understand the table shared above, first you need to know what CPI means. The Consumer Price Index comes from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), which began collecting family expenditure data in 1917. The annual average CPI-U in the second column represents Urban CPI data. The annual percent change between each year’s CPI represents the rate of inflation.

How to Calculate Hourly Wage Adjusted for Inflation

Using a wage inflation calculator is an easy way to see how our income’s buying power changes with inflation. Just enter the starting year of your choice, your hourly wage, and then the current year.

Let’s say someone was making $25 per hour in 2018 and wants to know what the equivalent hourly rate is in 2024. In this case, making $25 per hour in August 2018 is equivalent to making $31.21 in August 2024. Assuming the individual makes the same money today, this shows that the buying power of their hourly wage has decreased over the years.

If you’re negotiating a raise, you could argue that $31.21 is the minimum you should be making to keep up with the cost of living.

What Is Inflation and How Does It Work?

Inflation represents changes in prices of services and goods throughout the economy. The way the government measures inflation is by comparing the current cost of goods and services to prices in previous years.

Inflation weakens the purchasing power of the dollar, as consumers have to pay more for things than they did in previous months and years. Inflation can also deflate the value of cash held in savings accounts.

What Is Actual Inflation?

Actual inflation is a term used to refer to what the current rate of inflation really is versus what consumers perceive the current rate to be, or their “inflation expectations.” Consumer expectations influence actual inflation.

Hyperinflation

Hyperinflation is a term used when rapid inflation occurs. This is when prices rise uncontrollably over a period of time. Hyperinflation is extreme — 50% a month or more — and fortunately rare.

The U.S. has never experienced hyperinflation, and no one believes it’s on the horizon. The most recent example of hyperinflation is Venezuela, where inflation reached 65,000% in 2018.

Deflation

Deflation is the opposite of inflation, when prices of goods and services go down. The U.S. experienced deflation of 7% (or -7% inflation) during the first few years of the Great Depression.

Recommended: What Is Stagflation?

How Is Inflation Calculated?

The formula for measuring inflation is:

•   Percent Inflation Rate = (Final CPI Index Value/Initial CPI Value) x 100

How Is Wage Adjusted for Inflation Calculated?

It’s complicated. The easiest way to calculate a wage adjusted for inflation is to use an online wage inflation calculator.

How Inflation Impacts You

There’s some confusion surrounding whether inflation is good or bad. Some inflation is normal, and shows that the economy is growing. But for consumers it feels like a bad thing. It can be especially worrisome for borrowers with variable-rate-interest debt like student loan debt.

Economists can measure the impact of inflation on consumers in a number of ways. You’ve probably seen articles discussing college tuition vs. inflation, which show how American incomes have not kept up rising education costs. Other metrics tell similar stories.

Let’s look at a few different metrics that reveal how consumers may feel the impact of inflation.

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How Your Wage Is Doing Relative to the Housing Market

Inflation can sneak up on consumers when prices at grocery stores rise slightly. But they really feel it when making a large purchase, such as buying a home. People who have saved for many years to buy a house find that their income and savings are no longer enough to reach their home buying goals.

That’s because median home prices have far outstripped median wages: Nationwide home prices have grown 129% since 1960, while household income increased only 39%. This may have been great news for our parents and grandparents, who saw their real estate investments soar. But for today’s first-time homebuyers, it’s a disaster.

Also, mortgage interest rates can rise during periods of inflation.

Recommended: Should I Sell My House Now or Wait?

How Your Wage Is Doing Relative to Gold

Because gold tends to hold its value, it makes a good unit of measurement for economists. By converting wages to gold, we can get a better sense of how wages have held up, or not, over the years.

In 1965, the minimum wage was equal to 71 ounces of gold annually. Given the price of gold in 2024, that’s equal to a salary of $179,491.55. Compare that to the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, or $15,080 annually.

How Your Wage Is Doing Relative to CPI

Remember, CPI represents consumer prices. Inflation impacts prices of essential goods and services such as groceries, gas, and childcare. This means that salaries and savings don’t extend as far as they used to. This is why many people push for raising the minimum wage during periods of inflation.

If you’re looking to take control of your money during inflation, a money tracker app can help you gain valuable insight into your financial life.

The Takeaway

Inflation, and the rising prices that come with it, means your income doesn’t buy as much as it used to. Using a wage inflation calculator is one way for consumers to get a more objective idea of how much buying power their hourly wage has during periods of inflation. Of course, inflation doesn’t affect all prices equally. That’s why economists use different metrics to measure inflation’s impact, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the housing market, and gold.

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See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

How do you calculate wages adjusted for inflation?

Using a wage inflation calculator can make it easier to get insight into how much buying power an hourly wage has in the current economy. With a wage adjusted for inflation calculator, it’s easier to understand what someone’s income is currently worth compared to prior years.

How much is $15 an hour in 2000?

According to the CPI Inflation Calculator from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, $15 an hour in August 2000 is equivalent to $27.33 of buying power in August 2024.

What is the inflation rate for 2024?

The current inflation rate for 2024 is 2.5%. This is based on the 12 months ending August 2024.

How do you calculate real hourly wage from CPI?

Wage inflation calculators take the current CPI and past CPI into account to help consumers calculate their real hourly wage.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What’s the Difference Between Homeowners Insurance and Title Insurance?

When you’re buying a home, you probably have a million questions that need answering, especially when it comes to getting the proper insurance to protect your investment.

Soon-to-be homeowners may see both title and homeowners insurance on the lending documentation and wonder what the difference is between the two. While both types of insurance can provide vital coverage for homeowners, they differ vastly in their purpose and protection.

What Is Homeowners Insurance?

A homeowners insurance policy protects a home and personal property from loss or damage. It may also provide insurance in the event someone is injured while they are on the property.

Here are some common things homeowners insurance may cover:

•   Damage that may occur in the home, garage, or other buildings on the property

•   Damaged, lost, or stolen personal property, such as furniture

•   Temporary housing expenses if the homeowner must live elsewhere during home repairs

Depending on the policy, homeowners insurance may also cover:

•   Physical injury or property damage to others caused by the homeowner’s negligence

•   An accident that happens at home, or away from home, for which the homeowner is responsible

•   Injuries that take place in or around the home and involve any person who is not a family member of the homeowner

•   Damage or loss of personal property in storage

Some coverage may also apply to lost or stolen money, jewelry, gold, or stamp and coin collections.

Buying Homeowners Insurance

While someone can legally own a home without taking out homeowners insurance, the mortgage loan holder may require the homeowner to purchase an insurance policy. Typically, lenders do require this as a condition of the home loan.

It’s important to understand that homeowners need to insure the home but not the land underneath it. Some natural disasters — tornadoes and lightning, for example — are covered by typical homeowners policies. Floods and earthquakes, however, are not. If you live in an area where floods or earthquakes are common, you may want to consider purchasing extra insurance to cover damages from potential disasters.

Special coverage may also be worthwhile for those who own valuable art, jewelry, computers, or antiques.
There are two policy options that can help homeowners replace insured property in the event of damage or a loss. Replacement cost coverage covers the cost to rebuild the home and replace any of its contents, while actual cash value simply pays the current value of the property at the time of experienced loss.

When it comes time to shop for and buy homeowners insurance, start by asking trusted friends, family, or financial advisors for their recommendations. Do some online research, too. Before you make a final decision, contact multiple companies and request quotes in writing to compare their offerings. That process can give you a good idea of who is offering the best coverage for the most affordable price.

Recommended: Is Homeowners Insurance Required to Buy a Home?

What Is Title Insurance?

Title insurance provides protection against losses and hidden costs that may occur if the title to a property has defects such as encumbrances, liens, or any defects unknown when the title policy was first issued.

The insurer is responsible for reimbursing either the homeowner or the lender for any losses the policy covers, as well as any related legal expenses.

Title insurance can protect both the homeowner and lender if the title of the property is challenged. If there is an alleged title defect, which the homeowner may be unaware of at the time of purchase, title insurance can provide protection to cover any losses resulting from a covered claim.

The policy will cover legal fees incurred if there is a claim against the property.

Recommended: How to Read a Preliminary Title Report

Buying Title Insurance

Both home buyers and lenders can purchase title insurance. If the home buyer is the purchaser, they may want to insure the full value of the property. (The value of the property will affect how much the policy costs). When the lender is the purchaser, they typically only cover the amount of the homeowner’s loan. When it comes time for a home buyer to purchase title insurance, they have full choice of the insurer.

According to the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) of 1974, the seller cannot require the home buyer to purchase title insurance from one certain company.

Lenders are required to provide a list of local companies that provide closing services, of which title insurance is just one. But it may be worth doing independent research. Lenders may not select their recommendations based on the home buyer’s best interest, but instead because a service provider is an affiliate of the lender and provides a financial incentive in exchange for a recommendation.

Again, it’s a smart idea to seek the counsel of friends and family and do online research to uncover competitive prices and learn which service providers have a solid reputation.

Recommended: What Are the Different Types of Mortgage Lenders?

The Takeaway

Homeowners insurance is an ongoing cost (billed monthly, quarterly, or annually) that helps cover damage or loss of the home and possessions within the home. Title insurance, on the other hand, can help protect against losses caused by defects in the title and is a one-time fee payable during the closing process. The advantage to having both types of coverage is that each policy can protect homeowners against financial loss in very different circumstances.

Shopping for homeowners insurance often requires considering several options, from the amount of coverage to the kind of policy to the cost of the premium. To help simplify the process, SoFi has partnered with Experian to bring customizable and affordable homeowners insurance to our members.

Experian allows you to match your current coverage to new policy offers with little to no data entry. And you can easily bundle your home and auto insurance to save money. All with no fees and no paperwork.

Check out homeowners insurance options offered through SoFi Protect.
 


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.




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10 Home Office Ideas

Now that remote and hybrid work have become the new normal, you may find yourself spending a fair amount of time in your home office. Is it up to snuff?

Ideally, you want your home office to both inspire your creativity and allow you to get down to business. Unfortunately, many of us are still working from cramped, messy, and makeshift at-home work spaces.

If your home office space could use some sprucing, read on. Here are 10 simple makeover ideas that can transform a drab at-home work area into a well-organized and stimulating work space.

1. Refreshing the Home Office

For those lucky enough to have a dedicated home office space, it may be time to give that area a little refresh. Even though corporate office spaces tend to be a little drab, a home office doesn’t have to be.

Painting a home office a cheery color and making the space feel homey with the addition of a couch, a rug, or pictures on the walls will make a home office a welcoming place to spend your working hours.

Of course, a home office needs to be practical, too. Finding an organization system to keep office supplies and files neatly stored will provide some much needed peace of mind during busy work days.

When setting up a home office, it can be helpful to think about what systems were appealing in the workplace and which were more of a hindrance. Customizing the space to fit personal preferences and needs is one of the perks of working from home.

2. Taking Over the Guest Bedroom

For those who don’t have a separate room to dedicate to a home office, it can be tricky to strike a clear balance between work and play. Working in the bedroom or on the family room couch can make it difficult to mentally separate work time from personal time.

A guest bedroom can be an ideal spot in the home to add a desk. The space is likely unused most days of the year and you can easily shut the door during the workday when you need privacy. You can also shut the door after a long day of work when you need to feel like you are at home and not at work. Out of sight, out of mind.

A guest bedroom may also be easy to keep tidy, as most members of the household probably don’t spend too much time in that room of the house.

Recommended: 13 Work From Home Jobs With Flexible Hours for Moms

3. Renovating the Garage

If a guest bedroom isn’t an option, a garage may be an ideal space to build a home office. This project may require renovations, but this space feels very separate from the rest of the home, which can be appealing.

Adding flooring, installing heating and cooling systems, and adding lighting — task and ambient — may go a long way towards making this space both comfortable and functional. A coat of paint in a color that promotes productivity might help, too.

4. Rethinking Your Desk

For homeowners with a big family or apartment renters who are embracing the studio lifestyle, it might be hard to squeeze in another large piece of furniture. A kitchen table or dining room table can serve double duty and provide plenty of space to spread out.

If multiple members of the household are working from home, this large space can even act as a coworking space of sorts. After all, bumping into a loved one in the break room (aka the kitchen) might be a nice surprise during a stressful workday.

The key to making this work is to make this “office” portable. Having a tote bag or storage box to stash any work supplies at the end of the day will be ideal when it’s time to eat dinner. Finding ways to remove those work vibes from a personal space is important for fostering good work-life balance.

Recommended: 32 Inexpensive Ways to Refresh Your Home Room by Room

5. The Right Support

No matter what place in the home you decide to make your workspace, it’s important to have supportive seating. Having the right chair can make all the difference, and in many cases function is much more important than aesthetics.

Having a chair that was specifically designed to provide proper back and neck support during long work days is key.

An ergonomic chair that includes features such as adjustable height, tilt control, lumbar support, and solid padding can all make the workday a bit more comfortable.

6. Setting the Scene

While having the right tools — desk, chair, computer, etc. — is important to building a successful home office, working in the right atmosphere is important, too. Spending the first 10 minutes of the workday setting the scene can be a major game changer.

For those working from home while other members of the household are working, attending virtual school, or simply existing loudly (hello, adorable but noisy babies), creating an appropriate workplace atmosphere may lead to better focus and productivity.

Start by giving the workspace a little spruce and clear out any unnecessary clutter. Put on some light background music that isn’t distracting (think classical or nature sounds) to block out any unwanted noise. Write a to-do list that prioritizes tasks for the day.

Recommended: 20 Renter Friendly House Updates

7. Being Zoom Ready

Having a space that is appropriate for video calls is essential for looking professional at home. Zoom, Skype, or Microsoft Teams calls don’t have to take place at a desk if the background isn’t ideal. Present your best self in a quiet spot in the home with good lighting and a clean background.

8. Getting Inspired

In an ideal world, all workspaces would inspire workers, allowing them to feel creative. One of the advantages of working from home is the ability to have more control over the surroundings, making it an inspiring, creative workspace.

Decorating the space in your favorite colors; adding photos of loved ones, favorite vacations, or hobbies; incorporating a vision board; or keeping a brainstorming journal at the ready are some ways to make the environment one where there is room for creativity and inspiration.

9. Adding a Standing Desk

In your home office, you make the rules. If you don’t want to sit for eight hours a day — who can blame you? — using a standing desk or adding a standing desk converter is a good way to incorporate some movement into the workday.

10. A Room with a View

Last but not least, setting up a home office to take advantage of any pleasant views might bring some peace, calm, and inspiration into the space. Facing a desk towards a window, French doors, or any other space in the home that has a view of the outdoors or even just greenery in another part of the home can be stress reducing.

The Takeaway

While some employers might offer stipends or reimbursements for setting up a home office properly, many employees may have to foot the bill themselves. This expense can be worthwhile, but may not be one that many workers planned for.

For those who need help financing that new home office space or purchasing furniture, there are a few options that may be worth considering.

One option that can work well for a small to midsize project (like a home office renovation) is a home improvement loan. This is essentially an unsecured personal loan that is used for home repairs or upgrades. You receive a lump sum up front which you can use to fix up or refurbish your home office; you then repay the loan over a set term (often five to seven years) with regular monthly payments. Interest rates are typically fixed.

If you’re interested in exploring your personal loan options, SoFi could help. SoFi’s home improvement loans offer competitive, fixed rates and a variety of terms. Checking your rate won’t affect your credit score, and it takes just one minute.

See if a personal loan from SoFi is right for you.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Getting Back on Track After Going Over Budget

Even people who closely monitor their spending might go over budget now and then. What’s important is how they handle getting back on track.

If you go over your budget, there are a few different steps you can take to get back on course. And combining some of them might help speed up the budget repair process. Here’s what you need to know.

Keep an Eye on Spending

Reviewing account balances and statements once a week is an easy way to keep track of money coming in and money going out. A few big purchases can easily upset an otherwise balanced budget.

Waiting until the end of the month to check in on accounts leaves you at risk for excess spending and potentially overdrawing a checking account or having a higher credit card bill than you anticipated.

Checking in once a week leaves time to self correct and adjust the budget to help balance the numbers.

Identify What Went Wrong

Going over budget sometimes means there’s uncertainty about where the money went. Overspending can mount quickly, putting the budget out of balance. It might only take a few extra additions to your grocery cart, an unexpected car repair, or a couple of splurge purchases.

When there is general overspending or if it’s just in a specific budgeting category, looking at recent bills and credit card statements might help identify where the money was spent. Were there too many restaurant meals, increasing food spending as a result? Was there too much temptation to shop online sales? Identifying budget lapses can make it easier to avoid them in the future.

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Cut Unnecessary Expenses Temporarily

When a budget is too restrictive, it can feel punishing. A budget can account for the unnecessary spending that makes life fun like travel, dining out, shopping, gifts, and beauty treatments. If these expenses create a problem in the budget, you can temporarily cut back on those categories. Once your budget is balanced again, those expenses can be put back into the mix. Balance is key.

Use a Budgeting Tool

A free budget planning app can help you customize your spending categories and even keep track of your bills. It will send you updates on your progress and let you see where your earnings and spending go each month. This can make creating a realistic budget even easier.

Build an Emergency Fund

One thing you can do to get back on track after going over budget is to make sure you have an emergency fund for financially difficult situations, such as expensive medical bills or necessary home repairs.

Emergency funds can also be used to prevent emergencies. For instance, an emergency fund might provide extra support if a debt payment is at risk of being paid late, which could incur fees and interest and add to your debt load.

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re faced with debt and wondering which kind to pay off first, it can be smart to prioritize high-interest debt first. For many people, this means their credit card debt; rates have recently been climbing into the double-digit range, so try to eliminate that ASAP.

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Explore Different Budgeting Techniques

Sometimes the trick to sticking to a personal budget—or bouncing back after going over that budget—is to try a different budgeting method. Not all methods work for all personality types. Take some time to find the right budgeting fit, even if the first few rounds don’t go according to plan. There are a few different popular budgeting methods that might help someone get their budget back on track, such as:

1. Line-item budget. This is probably what most people think of when they think of a budget. With a line item budget, the income and expenses are usually in a spreadsheet format where each expense is listed by category with the goal being not to exceed spending targets in any of the categories.

2. Proportional budget. This type of budgeting system requires dividing monthly income into three categories—needs, wants, and savings—based on percentages. The budgeter will allocate a spending percentage to each category and aim to stick to that budget. A common proportional budget is the 50/30/20 budget, with 50% of income going to needs, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings.

3. Paying-yourself-first budget. For those who want to keep their budget simple, this method is pretty straightforward. You simply “pay yourself first” which means you put money towards savings or financial goals first (perhaps 25% of your take-home income). Then you can spend the rest of your income exactly as you need or wish to.

4. Envelope budget. This technique provides a hands-on approach to spending that can be helpful for people who tend to swipe their credit card without fully realizing the potential consequences. With the envelope method, you use envelopes to hold cash that represent different spending categories. You then make all your purchases for the month in cash. If an envelope runs out of money, spending in that category stops until the next month — unless you borrow money from another envelope, limiting spending in that category.

5. Zero-sum budgeting. With zero-sum budgeting, you “spend” every dollar you have, allocating each one to a specific purpose, like adding money to your savings account. Once every dollar is allocated, there are zero leftover dollars, hence the name zero-sum budgeting.

Recommended: 15 Creative Ways to Save Money

Cut Out Temptations

Temptations happen, and it’s generally better to learn from budget mishaps than agonize over them. However, if there is a certain temptation that seems to rear its ugly head again and again while wreaking havoc on your budget, it might be time to send that temptation packing.

Common Triggers of Overspending

There are many things that might trigger overspending, but some common ones to look out for might be:

•   Email sale and coupon promotions

•   Social media advertisements

•   Friends who pressure others to spend

•   Grocery shopping when hungry

•   Shopping when emotional

•   Shopping as a reward

💡 Quick Tip: When you feel the urge to buy something that isn’t in your budget, try the 30-day rule. Make a note of the item in your calendar for 30 days into the future. When the date rolls around, there’s a good chance the “gotta have it” feeling will have subsided.

Launch a Side Hustle

For someone who wants to get their budget back on track, a side hustle can be one way to bring in more cash and maybe even build valuable career skills and opportunities. Launching a side hustle might allow you to pursue a passion outside of your day job while benefiting your budget.

The Takeaway

Sticking to a budget can be challenging. If you go off track, don’t beat yourself up over it. Instead, determine what went wrong and how you can prevent it from happening in the future, cut your expenses for a few weeks, and figure out the best method to get your spending and savings back on track. You may even want to try another type of budget that could be easier to follow going forward.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below).

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to Direct Deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

Members without either Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, or who do not enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days, will earn 1.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 1/24/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2025 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is a Fully Funded PhD Program and How Do I Find One?

If you are motivated, you may decide to pursue a PhD program in your given field of study. However, you are probably aware that doing so not only requires time and energy but can also be an expensive proposition. According the Education Data Initiative, the average cost of a doctorate degree (which typically takes four to eight years) is $150,835. The average student loan debt for this kind of degree is $112,080.

That can be a daunting sum, but a fully funded PhD program can offset part or all of these costs. In addition to financing tuition and fees, these programs usually provide a stipend to help cover living expenses. Some may also pay for any research and travel necessary for students to complete their graduate degrees.

Since this can make a huge difference in a prospective student’s financial outlook, here’s a closer look at fully funded PhD programs, how they work, and how they can help lower the cost of a degree.

Key Points

•   Fully funded PhD programs cover all tuition fees and often provide a stipend for living expenses.

•   These programs may also support research and travel necessary for students to complete their degrees.

•   Prospective students should explore various funding sources, including federal grants, state and local grants, and private scholarships.

•   Debt forgiveness programs, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, are available for qualifying graduates in specific sectors.

•   Applying for fully funded positions is competitive, and candidates are advised to thoroughly research and apply to programs that align with their academic and professional goals.

What is a PhD Program?

PhD programs, also known as doctoral programs, are often a next step after a master’s degree. They give students the opportunity to do graduate-level research in the field of their choice and earn the highest degree possible (sometimes referred to as a terminal degree). They span a variety of subjects, such as engineering, English, public health, and computer science.

The application process for a PhD program can be competitive, and the programs themselves can be very time-consuming, taking (as mentioned above) on average between four and eight years. Working while pursuing these specialized degrees can be challenging, which is why it can be so helpful when a program offers an annual stipend.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

What Does Fully Funded Mean?

In a fully funded PhD program, the student typically receives full tuition reimbursement and a stipend to help cover the cost of living while pursuing the degree. Programs have varying funding requirements.

In some cases, students may receive a “no-strings-attached” fellowship. This means they receive funding but don’t owe the university anything aside from their research.

In many cases, to receive funding, a student will need to work part-time for the university by providing teaching or administrative assistance. These experiences can give students an opportunity to build out their resume while helping them pay for graduate school.

More often than not, these graduate fellowship positions are the main way to receive full funding to attend a PhD program and are commonly offered in research-based degree programs. Some fellowships may be offered in the form of scholarships or stipends, which are not usually taxed as income by the IRS (Internal Revenue Service).

Schools may also offer assistantships, where students earn an income from the university. Generally, these positions are given to doctoral students who are doing research in order to complete their theses or dissertations. Assistantships can be taxed as income.

While all PhD programs have their own unique funding packages, many fully funded programs are designed to help students cover a variety of costs. Here are some common ones.

Tuition and Fees

Typically, fully funded PhD programs provide students with so-called “tuition waivers.” The waivers cover the cost of attending the university, including tuition and fees. In some cases, book stipends, reduced-fare transit passes, and other benefits are included to lessen the student’s financial burden.

Recommended: How to Pay for Grad School

Living Expenses

Whether through fellowship funding or a university job, students in a fully funded PhD program can receive a stipend to pay for food, rent, transportation, and other living expenses.

Depending on a student’s cost of living and lifestyle choices, these lump sums might not be enough to fully cover costs. This may be especially true during the summer, when stipends are less likely to be given out. If their program does not offer summer funding, students might choose to work part-time or take out loans to make ends meet.

Recommended: Using Student Loans for Living Expenses Off Campus

Health Insurance

While many doctoral programs include health insurance benefits, some do not. As you’re exploring graduate school programs, it’s a good idea to find out if it provides this important type of coverage.

Generally, student health insurance packages only cover care and services at on-campus facilities. Some programs automatically enroll their students in one type of healthcare plan, and others allow students to choose their plan during the annual open enrollment period.

If a student is married or has dependents, they may be able to add them to their student health insurance plan for an additional cost.

Research and Travel Funding

If necessary, some programs allow doctoral students to apply for funding to help them conduct their research or travel to conferences, archives, or summer programs. This is something students apply for on an as-needed basis and is not a guarantee.

In some cases, students will pay the costs up front and then be reimbursed. Grants and scholarships can also help cover research and travel expenses.

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How to Find a Fully Funded PhD Program

There are sites that allow you to search for various PhD programs around the world. But one of the best ways to discover which programs are fully funded can be by conducting your own research.

•   Before submitting an application to a PhD program, learn more about the university’s resources, faculty members, and requirements for graduation. Look into the specifics of the funding options available at each university you plan to apply to, as PhD programs may address funding differently. Often, schools will include information about these opportunities on their website.

•   While some universities automatically give grants or fellowships to their admitted students, others make their students complete a separate funding application. These applications can require submitting letters of recommendation or personal statements and can have deadlines that are different from the application deadline for the doctoral program.

Recommended: what is considered full time student

Examples of Fully Funded PhD Programs

It’s possible to find fully funded PhD programs across a variety of subjects at many different schools. From a PhD in biological sciences at Harvard to education at Stanford to nursing at Duke, fully funded PhD programs cover an array of study areas.


💡 Quick Tip: It might be beneficial to look for a refinancing lender that offers extras. SoFi members, for instance, can qualify for rate discounts and have access to career services, financial advisors, networking events, and more — at no extra cost.

Paying Down Student Loan Debt

If you have student loan debt from an undergraduate or master’s degree that you want to pay down before or during a PhD program, you might consider exploring student loan refinancing. Refinancing could help you save money in interest over the life of the loan and pay down your debt faster.

Student loan refinancing involves taking out a new loan at a new interest rate and/or a new term that can be more favorable than the current rate or terms you currently have. It is possible to refinance both federal and private student loans.

But there are two important caveats:

•   When you refinance federal student loans with private loans, you forfeit access to federal benefits and protection, such as forbearance, forgiveness, and income-driven repayment plans.

•   Also, if you refinance for an extended term, while your monthly payments may decrease, you can pay more in interest over the life of the loan.

Think carefully about these points when deciding if refinancing could be the right option for you.

The Takeaway

Pursuing the highest possible graduate degree can be expensive, but a fully funded PhD program can offset all or part of the costs. Programs vary from school to school, but they typically cover the cost of tuition and may include a stipend to help finance living expenses and more. In some cases, PhD candidates will be required to do research or teach as part of the agreement to receive funding. Students can also explore other ways to cover the cost of school, including scholarships or grants.

In addition, PhD candidates who are paying off student loans from an undergraduate or master’s degree may want to consider student loan refinancing. Doing so with federal loans via a private loan means forfeiting federal benefits and protections. Also, refinancing for an extended term could mean paying more interest over the life of the loan.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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