SoFi

According to the latest figures from the Federal Reserve, 30% of U.S. adults had student loan debt upon leaving school.

Student loan debt is a significant financial burden for many Americans, impacting their ability to save, invest, and achieve financial milestones. As higher education costs continue to rise, more students and families rely on loans to fund their education.

Understanding the scope and scale of student loan debt in the United States is crucial for grasping its economic and social implications. Keep reading to learn how many Americans have student loan debt, the average amount borrowed, student loan debt by demographics, and more.

How Many People in the USA Have Student Loans?

The total student loan debt crisis amounts to $1.74 trillion in unpaid student loans as of the second quarter of 2024. This outstanding balance is spread among 43.2 million U.S. borrowers.

Federal student loans account for 91.2% of all U.S. student loan debt, according to the Education Data Initiative. However, U.S. adults are also burdened by private student loans.

As of Q3 2023, Americans have amassed a total of $130.28 billion in private student loans — accounting for 7.5% of outstanding student loans in the country.

Recommended: The Impact of Student Loan Debt on the Economy

Who Is the Typical Borrower?

The College Board’s Trends in College Pricing and Student Aid 2023 report found that the average four-year, public bachelor’s degree graduate left school with $27,400 in student debt. Bachelor’s recipients from private nonprofit institutions left school with an average of $33,600 in student debt.

Student Loan Debt by Age

U.S. adults ages 35 to 49 have a total aggregated balance of $635.7 billion in federal loans across 14.7 million borrowers. On average, a borrower in this age group has a student debt balance of $43,200, according to College Board.

The next-highest total balance, at $497.5 billion, falls on borrowers ages 25 to 34. The 15.1 million borrowers in this age group have an average loan balance of $32,900.

Borrowers with the highest average balance ($45,700) are those who are 50 to 61 years — this group accounts for 6.5 million borrowers in the U.S.

Student Loan Debt by Race and Gender

According to the Education Data Initiative, 64% of the total U.S. student loan debt is held by women.

Men borrow an average of $29,862 in student loans. By contrast, each woman carries an average of over $30,000 in student debt.

Black women face the greatest hurdle when it comes to student loan debt. According to AAUW, Black or African American women carry the highest cumulative student debt by race and ethnicity at $37,558. This figure includes the principal amount and student loan interest rate charges.

Student Loan Borrowers by Debt Size

According to the U.S. Department of Education, most student loan borrowers (9.9 million as of 2023) owe between $20,000 and $40,000. Close to half of all borrowers (42%) owe between $10,000 and $40,000, and only one million borrowers have student debt totaling $200,000 or more.

Recommended: What Is the Cost of Attendance in College?

How Many People Have Student Loans by Demographic?

According to the Education Data Initiative, middle-income students are most likely to take out student loans. For students living on campus, 63.6% used federal student loans, compared to 39.7% of students who lived with their parents.

Among married undergraduates, 52% accepted federal loans. 54.1% of independent undergraduate students relied on federal student loans to help fund their education.

Recommended: Examining the Different Types of Student Loans

What Percentage of College Students Take Out Student Loans?

The percentage of students who borrow student loans vary based on factors like degree type and institution.

According to the Education Data Initiative, 31.5% of undergraduate students accepted student loans from the federal student loan program.

About 52% of bachelor-seeking students attending a private nonprofit received federal student loans, while 49% of bachelor’s students enrolled at a public college received federal loan aid.

Among master’s degree students, 53.6% who attended a private nonprofit school received federal aid, compared to 52.5% who attended a public institution.

Finally, 79.5% of students pursuing a professional doctorate degree at a private nonprofit received student loans. Of those who attended a public college, 31% of doctoral candidates have student loan debt.

Recommended: How to Pay for College

Total Owed by Americans on Student Loans?

Collectively, Americans have an outstanding student loan balance of $1.74 trillion in total. Private student loans makeup $130.28 billion of that, and the rest is federal student loans.

The Takeaway

Americans are carrying a significant student debt burden after leaving school. New and currently enrolled college students will likely see continued rising education costs.

Despite these figures, one of the benefits of student loans is that they can provide access to college for students who might otherwise not be able to finance their education. To pay for college, students can turn to cash savings, scholarships, grants, and federal and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Who holds the majority of student debt?

According to the College Board, borrowers ages 35 to 49 hold the majority of outstanding federal student debt at $635.7 billion, with an average balance of $43,200 per borrower.

What is the average student debt in the U.S.?

According to the Education Data Initiative, the average federal student loan debt as of 2024 is $37,843 per borrower. Counting private student loans, that number is $40,681 per borrower.

What is the total amount of student debt owed by Americans?

Americans owe $1.74 trillion in federal and private student loans as of 2024.

How do you get rid of student loan debt?

To get rid of student loan debt, you can make consistent payments, consider refinancing for better rates, apply for income-driven repayment plans, or seek loan forgiveness programs if eligible. Strategies like budgeting and making extra payments can help accelerate debt repayment and reduce the total interest paid.

What happens to student loan debt when you die?

When a borrower dies, federal student loan debt is typically discharged and does not need to be repaid. For private student loans, policies vary by lender; some may discharge the debt, while others may require repayment from the borrower’s estate or a cosigner if one exists.

How does student loan debt affect the economy?

Student loan debt affects the economy by reducing borrowers’ purchasing power, delaying homeownership, and impacting savings and retirement plans. High debt levels can limit consumer spending and hinder economic growth. Additionally, it may discourage potential students from pursuing higher education, affecting workforce skills and overall economic productivity.

Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOISL-Q324-057

When paying back your student loans, certain repayment strategies require a 10-day payoff letter. This is a document or statement that you can obtain through your original lender. It has the final loan amount needed to fully pay off your loan at a given time, and how to make the final payment and close the account.

Your 10-day payoff amount is typically more than just your current loan balance. For this reason, getting a 10-day loan payoff statement is the best way to find out how much you need to pay to fully satisfy the loan, including all accrued interest.

You typically need a 10-day payoff statement if you want to pay off your loan early or refinance your student loans. Here’s how to get it, what it contains, and other times when it might be required.

What Is a 10-Day Payoff for Student Loans?

Even if you understand the basics of student loans, you might not be clear on what a 10-day payoff letter is and why you would ever need one.

Used with many types of loans, a 10-day payoff statement tells you the amount you owe toward your loan in order for the loan to be closed and marked as “paid in full.”

A payoff statement is not the same thing at your current loan balance. Since interest is still charged on the loan in the days leading up to the actual payoff date, your lender will add 10 days’ worth of interest to your final payoff amount. Lenders can also calculate other time frames, like a 15- or 30-day payoff amount, if needed.

Depending on whether you have federal or private loans, your 10-day payoff letter might look visually different. Generally, it will contain your full name, student loan account number(s), outstanding balance, accrued interest, any fees, total payoff amount, a “good-through” or “good-until” date, and instructions on how to pay off your current loan.

The final payoff amount that’s listed includes interest for a 10-day period, and it might also include any unpaid fees. If your loan isn’t paid off in full by the “good-through date,” you’ll need to request another 10-day payoff from your current lender for the most accurate amount.

If after weighing the pros and cons of refinancing, you determine that a refinance will be to your advantage, you’ll likely need to get a 10-day payoff letter from your current lender or loan servicer.


💡 Quick Tip: Often, the main goal of refinancing is to lower the interest rate on your student loans — federal and/or private — by taking out one loan with a new rate to replace your existing loans. Refinancing makes sense if you qualify for a lower rate and you don’t plan to use federal repayment programs or protections.

When You Need a 10-Day Payoff Letter

Here’s a look at three reasons why you might need a loan payoff letter.

•   You’re paying off your loans: If you’re able to put a chunk of money toward student loans to close out your debt ahead of schedule, you’ll need a 10-day payoff letter to get your true final amount due. That way, you’ll be able to make a final payment that fully satisfies the loan.

•   You’re refinancing your student loans: If you opt for a student loan refinance, your refinance lender will likely require a 10-day payoff letter. This informs them of how much they need to send to your current lender, and by what date, to satisfy the debt.

•   You’re buying a home: Mortgage lenders might ask to see your 10-day loan payoff amount to accurately determine your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio. Your DTI informs lenders about whether you can realistically afford taking on a home loan.

How to Request a 10-Day Payoff Letter

Despite having access to your loan details through a monthly statement or your servicer’s website, your actual 10-day payoff amount is likely different from the current amount shown on your account.

Fortunately, accessing this information is relatively easy, whether you have federal or private student loans.

For Federal Student Loans

As a federal student loan borrower, your federal student loan account was assigned to one of five federal loan servicers. To find your servicer, simply log in to your StudentAid.gov account, and go to “My Loan Servicers” from your dashboard.

Once you know who your servicer is, you can contact them to request a 10-day payoff letter.

For Private Student Loans

To get a 10-day payoff letter for a private student loan, you’ll want to contact your current lender. Keep in mind that your private loan might have been sold to a new lender since you first accepted it.

If you’re unsure about who your lender is, you can request a copy of your credit report at annualcreditreport.com . Your credit report will list all of your past and present debt accounts, including private student loans, and the entity that owns the loan.

After identifying your lender, you can contact their borrower support phone number to get a 10-day payoff statement.

What Is the Loan Refi Timeline After a 10-day Payoff?

The way student loan refinancing works is that you take out a new loan (ideally with a lower rate and/or better terms) and use it to pay off your current student loan(s). This doesn’t happen right away, however. There is generally a 10 day pay-off process.

To make sure your new lender fully pays off your old loan (and you won’t need to make any further payments on that loan), you’ll need a 10-day payoff letter. Once you’ve obtained your 10-day payoff amount and provided the information to your new lender, you’ll want to be sure to sign your loan agreement on the same day.

Once you sign the agreement, here’s a general idea of what the 10-day refi timeline may look like:

•   Days 1 to 3: A three-day cooling-off period is required by law. During this time, your new lender cannot send your payoff check. This is just in case you change your mind about the refinance loan and exercise your right to cancel.

•   Day 4: The refinancing lender will send a payoff amount in one lump sum, either as a mailed check or electronically, to your current lender or servicer. Typically, you’ll receive a welcome packet from your new lender soon after that.

•   Day 10: Upon receiving the payoff amount in full, your current lender will mark the loan as “paid” and close it.

Your first payment on the new loan will likely be due 30 to 45 days after the date your refinance lender sent the payoff amount to your current lender.


💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing could be a great choice for working graduates who have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans.

The Takeaway

A 10-day payoff letter tells exactly how much money you would need to pay immediately to fully satisfy your student loan debt. Refinance lenders usually require a payoff letter so they can fulfill the right payment amount on your behalf — no more, and no less, than your original lender requires to fully pay off your debt.

Knowing this final amount is also useful if you want to pay off your student loans ahead of schedule. You may also be required to submit a 10-day student loan payoff lender when you’re applying for a mortgage.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

How do I get a 10-day payoff quote?

Depending on your lender, you may be able to request a 10-day payoff letter by signing into your account online. If not, you will need to call or email your current lender or loan servicer and request a 10-day payoff statement.

Why is my payoff quote so high?

Your 10-day student loan payoff amount is typically higher than your current principal balance due to added interest. Because interest is still charged on the loan in the days leading up to the actual pay-off date, your lender will include 10 days’ worth of interest to your final payoff amount.

What is on a 10-day loan payoff?

A 10-day loan payoff letter or statement will typically include:

•   Student loan account number(s)

•   Outstanding balance

•   Accrued interest

•   Any fees

•   Total payoff amount

•   A “good-through” date

•   Instructions on how to pay off your current loan

Photo credit: iStock/andresr

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

Many people have student loan debt today… and lots of it. Americans owe a whopping $1.77 trillion (including federal and private loans), and the average balance is over $40,000.

Whether you’ve just received notice of your student debt for the first time or have been paying it down for years, it can be hard to live with a loan balance hanging over you. And it can be challenging to fit student loan payments into your budget. So, how do you live (and thrive) with the payments and the stress of student loan debt?

Keep reading, for starters. This guide will help you understand student loan debt solutions, how student debt impacts your financial situation, and how to budget well when you have student loans. You’ll also learn strategies for avoiding default and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. While it may feel tough right now, student debt doesn’t define you, and you can get through this.

Understanding Student Loan Debt

Your student loans can affect your financial present and your future. Right now, you might find it hard to make regular payments from month to month. Carrying student loan debt over time can also have a significant impact.

The Impact of Student Loans on Your Financial Future

Student loan debt could affect the following areas:

•  Your ability to qualify for a loan, such as a home loan, due to student loans affecting your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) — DTI is the relationship between your debt and income

•  Your ability to save for retirement

•  Your credit score (if you fail to make on-time student loan payments)

•  Your net worth (the value of the assets you own, minus your liabilities)

•  Your marriage or family life, possibly delaying your plans

Different Types of Student Loan Repayment Plans

As you focus on minimizing the impact that student loans have on your finances, it can be wise to consider the different types of student loan repayment plans. For federal student loans, they include fixed repayment plans:

Standard Repayment Plan: The Standard Repayment plan is a federal fixed repayment plan option. In this plan, you repay your loans for up to 10 years, or between 10 and 30 years for consolidation loans. (Consolidation loans mean converting your federal student loans into one payment.)

Graduated Repayment Plan: The Graduated Repayment plan begins with lower payments and increases every two years. You can make payments for up to 10 years, or between 10 to 30 years for consolidation loans.

Extended Repayment Plan: The Extended Repayment plan allows you to repay your loans over an extended period. You make payments over 25 years with this plan, which for many people is a valuable student loan debt solution.

Student loan servicers also offer income-based repayment, including the following plans:

•  Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE); the SAVE Plan replaces the REPAYE program.

•  Pay as You Earn (PAYE)

•  Income-Based Repayment (IBR)

•  Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)

Each option has different features, but generally, after you make payments for a certain number of months, the government will forgive the remaining balance.

Consider using the Federal Student Aid Loan Simulator to help you estimate your monthly student loan payments, which can help you find a loan repayment option that meets your needs and goals. You might find a program that feels like less of a financial stretch for you.


💡 Quick Tip: Some student loan refinance lenders offer no fees, saving borrowers money.

Create a Budget to Manage Student Loan Debt

Another helpful step when you are dealing with student loan debt is to find a budget that works well for you. There are many different types of budgets out there, and likely more than one could help you create a realistic plan that leaves room for some fun little splurges now and then. Most budgets involve the following steps:

1.   Write down your monthly income. How much do you bring in per month? This doesn’t necessarily just apply to your salary — include alimony, freelancing (like dog-walking or driving a rideshare), dividends, and other income you make.

2.   Write down your monthly expenses. What types of expenses do you have during the month, including your student loan payments? How much are you spending on a car loan, rent, or mortgage payment? What about utilities, insurance, clothing, and entertainment?

3.   Subtract your expenses from your income. This is a good way to calculate whether you lose money through your expenses or whether you have enough income to cover your expenses.

4.   Create a budget. Develop a budget so you know how much you should spend each month, plus the expenses you can’t get around, including food, shelter, and, yes, student loan payments. You might try the popular 50/30/20 budget, which has you allocate 50% on your take-home pay to the needs in life (which includes minimum loan payments); 30% to the wants in life (dining out, gym memberships, travel…the fun stuff); and 20% to saving. When you are repaying student loans, that last 20% may need to be allocated to debt for a while. And that 30% towards wants might have to face a bit of belt-tightening, too.

Strategies for Avoiding Default on Student Loans

If you fail to make payments on student loans, you may default on them. The level of default depends on the type of loan you receive.

Why is defaulting on student loans a big deal? And how does defaulting on student loans affect your financial picture? Here are details:

•  Your entire unpaid balance, with student loan interest, becomes due.

•  You no longer receive deferment or forbearance, and you also lose eligibility for other benefits, including repayment plan options.

•  You cannot receive additional federal student loans.

•  Credit bureaus will hear about the default, which can lower your credit score and take years to repair.

•  You may not be able to purchase or sell assets (such as real estate).

•  The government may withhold your tax refunds or federal benefits.

•  You may suffer from wage garnishment, meaning your employer directs some of your pay to your student loan debt. In addition, you may be liable for attorney and collection fees associated with the process.

Yes, this can be frightening to think about, but remember that there are ways to move forward and avoid these scenarios. Among the solutions to student loan debt can be staying organized, managing what you owe, and keeping track of loan payments.You might use a tracking system such as Google Docs to keep track of your payments, or set up alerts in your phone. There are also apps and websites available to help you keep up-to-date on where you stand with your student loan debt and your payments due.

Let lenders know when you change your address so they don’t lose track of you and you lose track of your loans. You can also consider consolidating your federal student loans so you have just one simple payment to make each month. Keep in mind, though, these two points:

•  When you refinance federal student loans with a private loan, you forfeit access to federal benefits and protections, such as deferment and forbearance.

•  If you refinance for an extended term, you may lower your monthly payment but pay more interest over the life of the loan.

Utilize Resources for Managing Student Loan Debt

Here are some resources that may help you manage your student loan debt better:

•  Ask your student loan servicer for more information about solutions to student debt. They may help you learn more about smart ways to pay off student loans.

•  Tools and apps can help you track and manage student loans, often offering financial literacy and debt management educational resources. Test out a few options for solutions for student loan debt:

◦  DebtPayoffPlanner.com

◦  Chipper.app

◦  Changed at gochanged.com

•  If you are still feeling overwhelmed by your student debt, know that you don’t have to tough it out. Explore talking with a credit counselor who has expertise in the area of student loans. You might contact the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) to start. Beware potential scammers who charge money upfront and/or promise to make your debt disappear with no strings attached.

Maintain a Healthy Financial Lifestyle with Student Loan Debt

You may at times feel frustrated or worse with the fact that you have student loans to pay back. Plenty of people do. But remember that this is a phase you are moving through, akin to paying down a mortgage on a house or a car loan.

Spend some time and energy on what you might call financial selfcare. Building a healthy financial lifestyle starts with taking time to establish your money goals. It can make sense to start in the short-term with what you want to accomplish regarding your student loans. For example, you may want to put these solutions to student debt in your sights:

•  Put together a budget

•  Balance student loan payments with other financial goals

•  Build an emergency fund while repaying student loan

•  Strategize to build your credit score with on-time student loan payments

•  Consider ways to make your student loans more manageable, as outlined above.

If you think you might want to pay off your student loans quickly, you can apply any additional funds available and use either the debt snowball (where you pay off the smallest student loan first) or debt avalanche methods (where you pay off the student loan with the highest interest rate first). Once you pay those off, you move to the loan that has the next-largest balance or interest rate, respectively.

You can then move on to longer-term goals, and build your financial literacy as you learn about, say, how to save for a down payment on a house or your retirement. Debt can be stressful, but remember that there is a long road ahead of you. There’s time to eliminate your student loans and put your other plans in motion. In other words, with some time and energy invested, you’ve got this.

The Takeaway

Having student debt can be stressful, but it’s important to remember that living with student loan debt doesn’t have to crush your dreams and plans. Millions of people work to pay off their loans every month. You have options in terms of how you budget your funds, how you repay your loans, and whether or not to look into refinancing, forgiveness, and other ways to deal with your debt.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

How do you cope with student loans?

The first step in managing student loan debt is not to ignore it; that could hurt your credit score and force you to pay penalties and fees. Understand your loans — are they federal or private student loans? What is your current payment structure? Learn everything you can, and research the many repayment options you likely have. Also, explore different budgeting methods to take control of your finances. Meet with a reputable nonprofit credit counselor if you feel you’d benefit from further support.

What is the average student debt?

The current average balance per person for student loans is about $40,500.

How do people live on student loans?

Having a comfortable lifestyle while still making student loan payments is possible. However, budgeting well is important, so you know how much you can allocate toward expenses and areas of your life.

Photo credit: iStock/Rockaa

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

When both parents and kids in one family have student loans, you may benefit from a game plan about how to handle the debt and the stress that can go along with it. Perhaps the student is still in college and the parent is reaching the end of their payments. Or maybe the parent is currently getting a degree, and the child with student loans has just graduated and is living at home.

Whatever your particular situation may be, there is a silver lining when parents and kids both have student loans. You can all work together as a unit toward the same goal: to pay them off in the most manageable way possible.

Here, you’ll learn about the financial impacts of student loans, repayment strategies, how to prioritize financial security, and how to support each other. While being in debt can be hard, arming yourself with knowledge is a solid step forward.

Understand the Financial Impact

Student loans can have several impacts on individuals of any age. It can alter your budget and your debt-to-income ratio (also known as your DTI), meaning the amount of debt you carry versus your earnings. This, in turn, can make lenders less likely to offer you loans or credit, or do so at the most favorable rates.

To look at the big picture, student debt could affect your ability to do the following:

•  Purchase housing, including renting an apartment or qualifying for a mortgage

•  Get married due to financial setbacks and can also add stress to a marriage

•  Commit to attending graduate school

•  Build long-term savings

But keep in mind, plenty of people have student loans and achieve these things, whether the debt means a delay in plans or they find a way to forge ahead. And know that people without student loans also face financial challenges: Perhaps they have a lot of credit card debt or a mortgage that is difficult to pay. Know that you are not alone in having financial challenges.

If student debt proves to be really unmanageable, it can affect other areas of your life as well, and the consequences of default can range from ineligibility for more federal financial aid, having a default reported to credit bureaus, credit score impact, and paycheck garnishment.

Of course, you want to avoid these scenarios. So if your family unit has multiple members with student loans, it’s wise to start by having open communication between parents and kids. Take the following steps:

1.   Talk with each other. Don’t sweep the topic under the rug. Talking about it together can help you both share knowledge, support one another emotionally during what can be a difficult time, and come up with ideas for tackling your debt.

2.   Total it up. Identify the total student loan debt for parents and kids. Break it up individually and figure out how much you both owe and the types of loans you have. Federal or private? High interest rate or low interest rate? When does the loan interest accrue? Only after you map it all out can you see exactly what’s going on.

3.   Explore the implications of student loan debt on future financial goals. How will student loan debt affect your future financial goals? Writing down your future financial goals can help you create goals for moving forward.

4.   Budget together. Finding a budget that helps you manage and track your finances is crucial. Share learning about the different budgeting techniques available, experiment with them (including apps that may be provided by your bank), and land on a system that helps you.

💡 Quick Tip: Often, the main goal of refinancing is to lower the interest rate on your student loans — federal and/or private — by taking out one loan with a new rate to replace your existing loans. Refinancing makes sense if you qualify for a lower rate and you don’t plan to use federal repayment programs or protections.

Create a Repayment Strategy

Next, you can create a repayment strategy. Both parents and students can follow these steps:

•  Understand the loans. Particularly in the child’s case, do they understand all the terms, including interest rate, repayment schedule, and cosigned loans? Cosigning means that the parents signed to obtain loans on their behalf. A Direct PLUS loan is a loan made to a parent to pay for a student’s education and cannot transfer to the child. The parent is legally responsible for repaying the loan.

•  Look into repayment plans. Will you stick with the Standard Repayment plan or would a Graduated or Extended plan work better? Reach out to your loan servicer to find out if you qualify for an income-driven repayment plan. An income-driven repayment plan bases your payments on income and family size. It can help ensure that you make manageable payments every month.

You might also benefit from learning about the SAVE Plan, which replaces the REPAYE Plan, and can make debt repayment more manageable for some borrowers.

•  See if you qualify for student loan forgiveness. If a government or nonprofit organization employs you, you might qualify for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program, or PSLF. If you qualify, you could have the remaining balance on your federal student loans forgiven. In other words, you won’t have to pay them back.

•  Consider consolidating federal student loans. Consolidating means combining one or more federal education loans into a new Direct Consolidation loan to lower your monthly payment amount or gain access to federal forgiveness programs.

•  Pay extra toward the principal. You can pay extra toward the principal, meaning you make more payments toward your loans every month — the principal is the amount you owe on your loans. This can help speed up repayment and potentially lower the amount of interest you pay over the life of the loan.

•  Consider refinancing student loans. You can also explore refinancing your student loans, which means replacing your current student loans with private student loans. This might enable you to get a simpler single monthly payment that is more affordable. However, it’s important to know these two facts:

◦  When you refinance federal student loans with private ones, you forfeit federal benefits and protections, such as deferment and forgiveness. For this reason, think carefully about which option best suits your needs.

◦  When you refinance with an extended term, you may get a lower monthly payment, but you could pay more interest over the life of the loan. This knowledge can help you make an informed decision.

Yes, that’s a lot of information to digest and contemplate. What’s the right student loan debt solution? Ultimately, it’s determining the repayment strategy that will help you meet your financial goals while paying off your loans. Talking to your loan servicer about options can help, as can speaking with a nonprofit credit counselor who specializes in managing student loans.

Prioritize Financial Security

What does it mean to prioritize financial security? Financial security means having the money to cover the necessities in your life, like food, water, and shelter, and having a safety net, like an emergency fund and having money stashed away for your future retirement. It also means balancing loan repayments with these other financial obligations.

Building financial stability could also include:

•  Creating a budget: Creating a budget involves totaling up your income and subtracting your expenses, choosing a budgeting system, like an app, and tracking your expenses. Many experts recommend the 50/30/20 budget rule, which advocates spending 50% of your budget on necessities, 30% on wants, and 20% on savings and additional debt repayment.

•  Putting together an emergency fund: Try to put some money aside for an emergency fund. Many experts recommend at least $1,000 to start and then go on to save three to six months’ worth of emergency expenses. That said, $1,000 can be a significant chunk of money. Setting up automated deductions from checking into a high-yield savings account ($20 or so per paycheck is fine) can get you started.

Building an emergency fund can help you combat unexpected expenses that may come up, like a job loss.

•  Setting long-term financial goals: What long-term financial goals do you have? Set some long-term financial goals, such as saving for retirement or achieving homeownership with student loans. Both parents and college-aged or newly graduated kids can do this with a financial advisor who can help everyone balance loan repayments alongside other financial aspirations.

Support Each Other

This is a biggie, emotionally and financially. As you discuss your money goals, consider creating a joint plan. Kids should remember that parents still need support throughout this journey, and the reverse is true. Paying off debt and staying motivated during your repayment journey can be incredibly stressful.

Reach out to the people who will support you in your journey, and that includes resources and support networks for guidance, such as your student loan servicer, a financial advisor, and, if stress is an issue, a mental health provider.

Planning for the Future

Planning for the future may seem overwhelming while managing student loan debt. However, you don’t have to go it alone. Consider meeting with a financial advisor to discuss how to balance today (as in, your student loan repayment strategies) and tomorrow, such as putting away some funds for retirement.

It can be a good idea to have an objective, outside expert come in and evaluate your situation so they can help you devise a plan of action — in both kids’ and parents’ situations. You may feel as if you can’t possibly save for the future while focused on paying off your student debt, but a trained professional can often offer wise guidance.

Both parents and students may also wonder how to save for college for future generations. Ultimately, it’s important to secure your financial path first to reach your long-term financial goals and achieve financial freedom before worrying about future generations. After all, grandchildren can also borrow for college, but you can’t borrow for retirement. That said, this is another good topic to broach with a financial expert who is familiar with student loans and saving.

The Takeaway

Student debt can be challenging on its own, but when two generations of the same family are paying off their loans, it can feel overwhelming. It’s important to remember that student debt is a phase you are moving through, like paying off a car loan or mortgage. It doesn’t define you, nor is it with you forever. By supporting one another emotionally, budgeting well, and exploring repayment options, families can take control of their debt and pay it off in the most manageable way possible.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

How does student debt affect families?

Student debt can affect families in many ways, from stretching the family budget thin to making it difficult to save for long-term financial goals. However, families that devise a plan and explore their loan repayment options can pay off their debt and work towards future goals successfully.

What is the average student loan debt?

The average student loan debt is $37,718 on average per borrower of federal loans — about 92% are federal student loans and the remaining are private student loans. Including both federal and private loans, borrowers in the U.S. owe about $1.75 trillion in student loan debt.

Are children responsible for parents’ student loan debt?

No, children are not responsible for parents’ student loan debt. However, parents may be legally obligated to repay student loans on behalf of a child if they took out Parent PLUS loans.

Photo credit: iStock/Daniel Balakov

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

Whether you’re in the market for a new student loan or looking to lower your current student loan payments, there may be a federal loan program available to help.

Student loan programs sponsored by the federal government are available to any eligible borrower (not just federal employees) and don’t always require a credit check. They also come with some advantages over private student lending options, such as income-based repayment plans, forgiveness programs, and (in some cases) lower interest rates.

Whatever stage you’re at in your education or borrowing journey, here’s what you need to know about federal student loan programs.

Why Consider Federal Loan Programs?

The federal government offers student loan programs for undergraduate students, graduate students, as well as those who are in the repayment phase of their student loan journey. These programs include:

•   Direct Subsidized Loans With Direct Subsidized Loans, which are available to students who demonstrate financial need, the government pays all the interest that accrues on the loan during school and for six months after graduation.

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans Direct Unsubsidized Loans are available to eligible undergraduate, graduate, and professional students and are not based on financial need. With these loans, students are responsible for repaying all interest that accrues on the loan.

•   Direct PLUS Loans Graduate or professional students (and parents of undergraduate students) can tap into Direct PLUS Loans. Eligibility isn’t based on financial need, but you must undergo a credit check. These loans have higher interest rates and fees than Direct Unsubsidized Loans, but you can borrow more money — up to your total cost of attendance, minus other aid received.

•   Direct Consolidation Loans Direct Consolidation Loans allow you to combine your eligible federal student loans into a single loan with one loan servicer. This can simplify repayment. However, it won’t lower your interest rate.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

Benefits of Federal Loan Programs for Students

Federal loan programs offer a number of benefits for college students. Here are some to keep in mind.

•   Payments not due until six months after graduation: Students don’t need to make any payments on their student loans while they are in school at least half-time or during the post-graduation grace period, which is six months.

•   Fixed interest rates: Federal student loans have fixed interest rates that are often lower than student loans from private lenders. For federal loans first disbursed on or after July 1, 2023, and before July 1, 2024, the rate is 5.50% for undergraduate Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans; 7.05% for Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate students; and 8.05% for Direct PLUS Loans.

•   Subsidized options: If you have financial need, the government may offer you a subsidized loan, which means the government pays the interest while you’re in school at least half-time and for six months after you graduate.

•   No credit checks for certain loans: You don’t need a credit check to qualify for Direct Subsidized or Unsubsidized Loans.

Federal Loan Programs to Consider After You Graduate

Once you graduate and need to begin paying back your federal student loans, the government offers a number of programs that can make repayment more manageable. Here’s a look at some of your options.

Federal Student Loan Repayment Plans

The Education Department offers a number of different repayment plans, including long-term plans that can last up to 30 years. You may be able to lower your monthly payment if you opt for a longer repayment term. Extending your repayment term generally means paying more in interest overall, though.

Fixed repayment plans include the Standard, Graduated, and Extended plans. Here’s a look at how they compare.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans aim to make student loan payments more manageable by tying them to the borrower’s income. They allow you to pay a percentage of your discretionary income toward federal loans for 20 to 25 years, at which point the remaining loan balances are forgiven.

The Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan is the newest and one of the most affordable repayment plans for federal student loans. For some borrowers, payments can be as low as $0 per month.

Here’s a look at how the four IDR federal loan payment programs stack up.

Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

In addition to the loan forgiveness associated with IDR plans, the federal government offers other federal loan forgiveness programs, including Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), which is for public-sector workers. The PSLF program allows you not to repay the remaining balance on your Direct Loans as long as you’ve made the 120 qualifying monthly payments under an accepted repayment plan and worked for an eligible employer full-time.

There is also a separate forgiveness program just for teachers, as well as one borrowers with permanent disabilities.

Federal Student Loan Consolidation Program

If you have multiple federal student loans, you can consolidate them into a single new loan (called a Direct Consolidation Loan) with new repayment terms. This can simplify the repayment process, since you’ll only have one payment and one loan servicer to keep track of.

Federal loan consolidation also allows some borrowers (such as those with Federal Family Education or Perkins Loans) to access repayment and forgiveness programs that they otherwise are ineligible for.

The federal student loan consolidation program does not lower your interest rate, however. Your new fixed interest rate will be the weighted average of your previous rates, rounded up to the next one-eighth of 1%.

Your new loan term could range from 10 to 30 years, depending on your total student loan balance. If you extend your loan term, it can lower your monthly payments but the total amount of interest you’ll pay will increase.

It’s also important to note that when loans are consolidated, any unpaid interest is added to your principal balance. The combined amount will be your new loan’s principal balance. You’ll then pay interest on the new, higher balance. Depending on how much unpaid interest you have, consolidation can cost you more over the life of your loan.

Recommended: Student Loan Consolidation vs Refinancing

Factors to Evaluate Before Refinancing

Refinancing is the process of taking out a new student loan from a private lender (ideally with better rates and terms) and using it to pay off your existing federal and/or private student loans. Generally, refinancing only makes sense if you can qualify for a lower rate. Here are some things to consider before you explore refinancing your student loans.

Current Interest Rates and Loan Terms

Refinancing can potentially allow you to lower your monthly payment by getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, extending your loan term, or both. Keep in mind, though, that lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.

Credit Score Requirements

Not every borrower is eligible for refinancing. To get approved, you typically need a credit score of at least 650. A score in the 700s, however, gives you a much better chance of qualifying.

Your credit score also helps determine your new interest rate. Generally, the better your credit score is, the more competitive your interest rate will be. If you can’t qualify for an attractive refinance on your own, you might want to recruit a cosigner who has excellent credit.

Potential Savings Through Refinancing

One of the main reasons people refinance their existing student loans is because they can find a lower interest rate through a new lender. This can help you save money, potentially thousands over the life of your loan. A lower rate can also help you pay off your loan faster, or lower the amount you pay each month.

While student loan interest rates have been on the rise in the last couple of years, you may still be able to do better if your financial situation has considerably improved since you originally took out your student loans or you have higher-interest federal student loans.

Impact on Loan Forgiveness Options

Refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. If you think you may benefit (or are currently working towards) public service, teacher, IDR, or other federal forgiveness program, it may not be a good idea to refinance your federal student loans. Doing so will bar you from getting your federal loans forgiven.

Refinancing also makes your loans ineligible for government deferment and forbearance programs, which allow you to temporarily postpone or reduce your federal student loan payments. However, many private lenders offer their own deferment and forbearance programs.

💡 Quick Tip: It might be beneficial to look for a refinancing lender that offers extras. SoFi members, for instance, can qualify for rate discounts and have access to career services, financial advisors, networking events, and more — at no extra cost.

The Takeaway

Federal loan programs, including loan consolidation, graduated repayment plans, income-driven repayment plans, and forgiveness programs can make repaying your federal student loans more manageable after you graduate.

If you have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans, however, it can also be worth looking into private student loan refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

Does it make sense to refinance student loans?

Refinancing student loans can make sense if you are able to qualify for a lower interest rate through a new lender. This can help you save money, potentially thousands over the life of your loan. A lower rate can also help you pay off your loan faster, or lower the amount you pay each month.

Keep in mind that refinancing federal student loans with a private lender means giving up federal protections and relief programs.

Under what circumstances would you want to consider refinancing a debt?

You might consider refinancing a debt if your financial situation has improved since you originally got the loan and can now qualify for a lower rate. Refinancing also allows you to extend your loan term, which can lower your payments. Keep in mind, however, that a longer term generally means paying more in overall interest.

Which is a downside of refinancing out of federal student loans?

The biggest downside of refinancing your federal student loans is forfeiting federal protections, such as income-driven repayment plans and loan forgiveness options.

Photo credit: iStock/Drazen Zigic

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.