Private vs. Public College: The Pros & Cons of Both
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When it comes to selecting a college, one big consideration is whether to attend a private vs. public institution. A key difference between private and public colleges lies in how they are funded and operated. Public colleges get much of their funding from local and state governments, while private ones are largely sustained with tuition, fees, and donations.
Going the public route is the most common scenario. In 2025, a little over 73% of college students at all education levels attended public institutions, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.
Students who are debating between private and public colleges may want to consider factors like cost, quality of education, campus life, and how they plan to pay for college. Below, we take a closer look at the pros and cons of each choice.
Key Points
• Public colleges generally have lower tuition and fees, especially for in-state students.
• Private colleges often offer more generous financial aid and scholarships.
• Top-tier public universities provide high-quality, affordable education with larger student populations.
• Private colleges typically have smaller class sizes and a lower student-to-faculty ratio.
• Public colleges offer a wider variety of classes, majors, and extracurricular activities.
Public vs Private Colleges: Factors to Consider
Choosing a college is a personal decision, so it’s important to factor in your individual goals and needs as you compare private vs. public colleges. In addition to the factors below, things like what you hope to study and how close you’d like to be to home will influence how you choose a college.
Now, let’s dig into more about potential advantages and drawbacks of public vs private colleges.
The Cost of Public vs Private Colleges
Many students wonder if they should choose a college based on price. One reason that attending public colleges is the more popular route is that they tend to be less expensive than private institutions. Public institutions are often especially affordable for in-state students, who typically get a break on tuition.
According to research by the College Board, the average cost of tuition and fees at a public college during the 2025-2026 school year was $11,950 for in-state students and $31,880 for out-of-state students. At private colleges, the average tuition and fees was $45,000.
That said, private colleges and universities may also offer scholarships, fellowships, and other kinds of need- or merit-based financial aid. And even some top-tier universities have virtually done away with tuition for students whose families have incomes below a certain level. So high-achieving students might actually get a better or comparable deal at a private institution depending on their family’s financial situation.
💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.
Differences in Educational Quality
According to U.S. News, the highest ranking public schools in the country include UCLA, UC Berkeley, the University of Virginia, the University of Michigan Ann Arbor, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. At these schools (and many others), students can get a top-notch education at a fair price if they qualify for in-state tuition.
However, many public schools have enormous student populations, which can mean large class sizes, difficulty getting into your most desired classes, and less personal attention from faculty and administrators. For example, the University of Central Florida has just over 59,000 undergraduates, resulting in a student-to-faculty ratio of 28 to 1. By contrast, Pomona College, a private school in Southern California, has a population of just under 1,800 students and a student-to-faculty ratio of just seven students to one faculty member.
While not every private school offers a standout education, the top ten “Best Colleges” in the country, as ranked by U.S. News, are private schools.
Specific Majors or Programs of Study Available
Private colleges, particularly smaller liberal arts colleges, may have fewer majors or programs available to students than larger public universities. As you are evaluating schools, consider the field(s) of study you are most interested in and understand the options available at the schools you are considering.
In some cases, students interested in pursuing research opportunities may have a better chance of conducting research at a larger university. However, private universities conduct research, too. It’s best to consider the programs you are specifically interested in and ask an admissions counselor what research opportunities are available to undergraduates in that field or major.
Campus Life
For some students, the large size of many public institutions is a factor in the pro column. This environment typically means there are a great variety of potential groups to join, activities to participate in, or classmates to become friends with.
A large school also generally offers a wide variety of classes and majors to choose from, which could expand your network and make your college experience much more interesting. However, many private schools also have vibrant campuses with numerous clubs and activities available for students, too, though it may be on a smaller scale.
Both public and private schools can be a great choice for students interested in athletics. Public schools may offer more options when it comes to participating in or watching sports. They also tend to have the strongest sports teams nationally due to their ability to spend more on athletics and large talent pool.
However, many private universities also have successful teams. If it’s important to you, or you’re a student athlete yourself, you could check out the strength of specific sports programs at the colleges you’re considering.
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Financing Your Education
Some students and their families cover tuition costs (or a portion of costs) with savings, but there are a variety of other sources of funding to help students pay for college. While the cost of tuition and fees is typically higher at private colleges than public ones, private schools may offer more financial aid to students. So don’t rule out a private school based on its sticker price because it may not reflect the true cost after financial aid.
To apply for federal student aid, the first step is filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). Colleges will use this information to help determine how much aid, and what types, a student qualifies for. Federal aid includes things like Pell Grants for low-income students, work-study, and federal student loans. Both private and public schools may offer scholarships to students, as well.
Federal Student Loans
Federal loan options include Direct Subsidized Loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and Direct PLUS Loans.
For the 2025-2026 school year, the federal student loan interest rate is 6.39% for Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans for undergraduates, 7.94% for Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate and professional students, and 8.94% for Direct PLUS loans for parents and graduate or professional students.
💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find more-competitive rates on no-fees-required private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.
Private Student Loans
For students who still need additional funding, a variety of lenders offer private student loans. Private student loans typically take the borrower’s (or their cosigner’s) credit history into consideration. And while federal student loan interest rates are always fixed, private student loan interest rates can be fixed or variable.
Keep in mind, though, that private student loans do not offer the same benefits as federal student loans, such as income-driven repayment and forgiveness programs. If possible, it’s wise to exhaust all federal aid options before seeking private student loans.
The Takeaway
Both public and private colleges and universities can offer an excellent education to students. Differences to consider when deciding between a private or public school include the cost, the programs of study available to students, the quality of education, campus life, and sources of funding for school. Depending on individual preferences and circumstances, students may find a public school better suits their needs or vice versa.
If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.
FAQ
Is it better to go to public or private college?
Choosing between a public and private college depends on your individual needs and circumstances. Neither is inherently better than the other, as both can provide an excellent education. The decision should be guided by factors like cost (especially after financial aid), desired class size and student-to-faculty ratio, the availability of your major or program of study, and the type of campus environment you prefer. For some, the lower sticker price of a public, in-state university is the best fit, while others may find that a private school offers a superior financial aid package or a more specialized, smaller learning environment that aligns with their goals.
What are the disadvantages of private universities?
Private universities typically come with a higher sticker price for tuition and fees compared to public colleges, which can be a major drawback for many students. While private schools often offer generous financial aid and scholarships that can significantly reduce the actual cost, the initial price tag can still be a deterrent. In addition, some smaller private institutions may offer fewer majors or programs of study compared to large public universities. Finally, while private schools can offer a smaller, more intimate learning environment with a lower student-to-faculty ratio, the campus community and social scene might be smaller in scale. That could be a disadvantage for students seeking a large, bustling environment with extensive athletic programs and a wide variety of clubs.
Is private college better than public university?
Not necessarily. Whether private college or public university is the better choice depends entirely on an individual student’s priorities, financial situation, and academic goals. Private institutions often boast smaller class sizes and lower student-to-faculty ratios, which can lead to more personalized attention and a potentially better overall educational experience. However, this often comes with a much higher sticker price tag. Conversely, public universities are typically more affordable, especially for in-state residents, and offer a wider range of majors, programs, and a larger, more diverse campus life and social scene. While public schools may have larger classes, top-tier public universities still provide a world-class education. Ultimately, the decision should hinge on a careful evaluation of the net cost after financial aid, the specific programs available, and the desired learning environment and campus culture.
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