What Is the Student Aid Index (SAI)?

What Is the Student Aid Index (SAI)?

If you’ve applied for federal student loans in the past, chances are you’re familiar with the Expected Family Contribution, or EFC — a number used by colleges to figure out how much financial aid students are eligible for.

Starting in the 2024-2025 school year, the EFC was replaced by the Student Aid Index, or SAI. It fulfills the same basic purpose but works a little differently, which we’ll discuss in-depth below.

This change was part of the larger FAFSA® Simplification Act, which itself was part of the larger Consolidated Appropriations Act passed in December 2020. The idea is to simplify the federal aid application process by making it more straightforward for students and their families, particularly for lower-income earners. But all changes come with a bit of a learning curve, even if simplicity is the goal. Here’s some helpful information about the Student Aid Index.

Key Points

•   The Student Aid Index (SAI) replaced the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) in the 2024-2025 school year, aiming to simplify the federal aid application process.

•   Unlike the EFC, the SAI can have a negative value, potentially increasing the amount of aid for which students are eligible.

•   The SAI calculation considers a family’s financial assets and income to determine a student’s financial need, influencing eligibility for Pell Grants and other federal aid.

•   Changes include a simplified FAFSA form with fewer questions and adjustments to financial aid eligibility criteria.

•   The SAI also allows financial aid administrators more flexibility to adjust aid amounts based on a student’s or family’s unique circumstances.

Student Aid Index vs the Expected Family Contribution (EFC)

While both of these calculations perform a similar function, there are important differences in how they work—and important ramifications on how students receive financial aid.

How the EFC Currently Works

Despite its name, the Expected Family Contribution is not actually the amount of money a student’s family is expected to contribute—a point of confusion Student Aid Index is meant to clarify.

Rather, the EFC assesses the student’s family’s available financial assets, including income, savings, investments, benefits, and more, in order to determine the student’s financial need, which in turn is used to help qualify students for certain forms of student aid, including Pell Grants, Direct Subsidized Loans, and federal work-study.

A very simplified version of the calculation looks like this:

Cost of college attendance – EFC = Financial Need

However, a college is not obligated to meet your full financial need, and they may include interest-bearing loans, which require repayment, as part of a student’s financial aid package.

Still, the EFC plays an important role in determining how much financial aid you’re eligible for and which types.

How Does the Student Aid Index Work?

The Student Aid Index works in much the same way: the figure will be subtracted from the cost of attendance to determine how much need-based financial aid a student is eligible for. However, there are some important updates that come along the rebranding:

Pell Grant Eligibility

Pell Grant eligibility is determined primarily by a student’s SAI, which measures financial need based on information provided in the FAFSA. Unlike the EFC, the SAI can go as low as -$1,500, helping to identify students with the highest need. Students with lower SAIs are more likely to qualify for Pell Grants, which are awarded to low-income undergraduate students to help cover educational expenses.
Eligibility also depends on factors like enrollment status, the cost of attendance, and federal guidelines. The SAI provides a clearer, more equitable assessment of financial need for Pell Grant allocation.

New Rules

The SAI comes along with new rules that allow financial aid administrators to make case-by-case adjustments to students’ financial aid calculations under special circumstances, such as a major recent change in income. The bill also reduces the number of questions on the FAFSA down to a maximum of 36 (formerly 108), removes questions about drug-related convictions (which can now disqualify applicants from receiving federal aid), and more.

Recommended: How to Complete the FAFSA Step by Step

How Will the Student Aid Index Be Calculated?

The Student Aid Index will be calculated much the same as the Expected Family Contribution is calculated today, though the bill does include some updates to make the process easier.

For one thing, the bill works together with the Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education (FUTURE) Act to import income directly into a student’s FAFSA, simplifying the application process.

The new FAFSA will also automatically calculate whether or not a student’s assets need to be factored into the eligibility calculation, shortening the overall application and offering more students the opportunity to apply without having their assets considered.

The bill also removes the requirement that students register for the Selective Service in order to be eligible to receive need-based federal student aid.

Recommended: Getting Financial Aid When Your Parents Make Too Much

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What Is a Good Student Aid Index Score?

The Student Aid Index isn’t like a test or a report card — there aren’t really “good” or “bad” scores, or “scores” at all. It just depends on your personal financial landscape.

But just like the EFC, the lower the SAI, the more need-based aid a student may be qualified for. Since need-based aid includes grants, which don’t need to be repaid, and subsidized loans, whose interest is covered by Uncle Sam while you’re attending school, a lower SAI may translate into a lower overall college price tag.

Recommended: Private Student Loans vs Federal Student Loans

How Will the Student Aid Index Be Used?

Like the EFC before it, the SAI is used to help colleges determine a student’s financial need based on their financial demographics. Although the school itself may have its own grant programs and other types of aid, certain forms of federal student aid — such as Pell Grants and Direct Subsidized Loans — are offered based on demonstrable financial need, and the SAI is a key part of the calculation used to determine that need.

In short: the SAI will be used to determine how much financial aid a student is eligible to receive.

When Did the SAI Go Into Effect?

The SAI was implemented in the 2024-2025 academic year.

The Takeaway

The Student Aid Index is essentially the same number as the Expected Family Contribution, but it’s been renamed as part of the FAFSA Simplification Act in order to clarify to families what exactly the number means. This act also bundles in some other important changes that will hopefully simplify the overall student loan application process and increase access to education for the lowest-income students and their families.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What is the Student Aid Index?

The Student Aid Index (SAI) is a measure used to determine a student’s eligibility for federal financial aid. It replaced the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) starting in the 2024-2025 academic year. The SAI assesses a family’s financial situation to calculate the amount of need-based aid a student may qualify for.

How is the Student Aid Index calculated?

The SAI is calculated using financial information from the FAFSA, including family income, assets, and household size. Unlike the EFC, the SAI can be a negative number, which helps identify students with the highest financial need.

Why was the SAI introduced?

The SAI was introduced to improve clarity and fairness in the financial aid process. By allowing for a negative value, it better reflects the financial need of students from low-income families. The change aims to make financial aid distribution more equitable and easier to understand for students and families.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Pharmacist Loan Forgiveness Programs: What They Are and How to Qualify

Pharmacists graduate from college with a well-earned degree, but also with a lot of student loan debt. According to the latest data from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the average student loan debt for pharmacy school graduates is $170,444.

Fortunately, there are a variety of loan forgiveness programs for pharmacists. Depending on where you work and the type of service commitment you’re able to make, you could qualify for partial or even full pharmacist loan forgiveness.

Read on to learn about the student loan forgiveness programs for pharmacists — plus other ways to help repay your loans if you don’t qualify for pharmacist student loan forgiveness.

Key Points

•   The average student loan debt for pharmacy school graduates is $170,444.

•   Pharmacists may qualify for a loan forgiveness program or a loan repayment program to help with their loan debt in exchange for working in designated areas for a certain number of years.

•   The State Loan Repayment Program provides up to $25,000 annually in loan repayment for qualifying pharmacists who serve in shortage areas.

•   The National Health Service Corps offers up to $75,000 in loan repayment for eligible pharmacists treating substance use or opioid use disorders in underserved areas.

•   Pharmacists may also consider income-driven repayment plans or student loan refinancing to help manage their student loan debt.

Can Pharmacists Get Loan Forgiveness?

It may sound too good to be true, but there is such a thing as pharmacist loan forgiveness. Many of the loan forgiveness programs for pharmacists are available at the federal level; others are offered by states. And while some programs pertain only to federal student loans, others also cover private student loans.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinancing Guide

6 Student Loan Forgiveness Programs for Pharmacists

Here are some of the top student loan forgiveness programs for pharmacists, along with their eligibility requirements.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)

The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program forgives the remaining balance on federal Direct loans, which include Direct Subsidized loans, Direct Unsubsidized loans, Direct PLUS loans (but not Parent PLUS loans), and Direct Consolidation loans.

Qualifying borrowers can get PSLF after making the equivalent of 120 qualifying monthly payments under an income-driven repayment (IDR) plan while working full-time in public service for an eligible employer such as a federal, state, local, tribal, or military government organization or a qualifying nonprofit.

If you are a pharmacist working for one of these organizations and have eligible loans, you may qualify for PSLF. To apply, sign up for an IDR plan at StudentAid.gov if you are not already enrolled in one. Then certify your employment — there is a form your employer needs to fill out — and submit it electronically. The PSLF Help Tool can assist you through the process.

Next, you’ll need to make 120 qualifying payments under the IDR plan. Once you do that, you can submit your application for forgiveness.

State Loan Repayment Program (SLRP)

Through the State Loan Repayment Program (SLRP), the Health Resources and Services Administration provides grants each year to states for loan repayment programs for primary care providers, including pharmacists, who work in shortage areas. The loan repayment is up to $25,000 per year and covers qualifying federal and private student loans.

To be eligible, an individual must be a U.S. citizen or U.S. national, have a health license or certificate in the state in which they are working, and be currently employed full-time at an eligible site. Check with your state for more information and detailed requirements.

NHSC Loan Repayment Programs

The National Health Service Corps (NHSC) has a variety of different loan repayment programs for health care providers who work at specified health sites, typically in underserved communities, for a certain period of time.

For pharmacists, the programs available include:

•   the NHSC Substance Use Disorder Loan Repayment Program, which provides up to $75,000 in loan repayment for medical professionals, including pharmacists, who treat substance use or opioid use disorders and work full-time for three years at an NHSC-approved treatment facility in an underserved community,
and

•   the NHSC Rural Community Loan Repayment Program, which offers up to $100,000 in loan repayment for medical professionals who treat substance use or opioid use disorders in a rural, underserved community full-time for three years.

In addition to the requirements mentioned above, to be eligible for either program, applicants must be U.S. citizens or U.S. nationals and have the appropriate professional health license or certificate.

National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Programs

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) loan repayment programs are designed to recruit and retain highly qualified health professionals into biomedical and biobehavioral research careers. Because of the high cost of education, these individuals often leave research to go into private industry or practice.

The NIH loan repayment program may help health professionals, including pharmacists, by repaying up to $50,000 in qualified education debt in exchange for either extramural (not employed by NIH) or intramural (employed by NIH) status.

To be eligible, you must be a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, or permanent resident with a qualifying degree, and have total qualified educational debt equal to or in excess of 20% of your institutional base salary. You must also meet qualified research requirements and research funding requirements, depending on whether you have an extramural or intramural position.

Indian Health Service Loan Repayment Program

The Indian Health Service (IHS) Loan Repayment Program can help qualifying individuals, including pharmacists, repay their health profession education loans for up to $50,000 in exchange for a two-year service commitment in health facilities that serve American Indian and Alaska Native communities.

You may qualify if you:

•   Are a U.S. citizen

•   Are registered for Selective Service (if you are a male)

•   Have a health profession degree or are in your final year

•   Have a pharmacy license

•   Commit to practice at an Indian health facility

You must also begin service on or before September 30 for two continuous years of practice. You can extend your contract annually until your student debt has been paid off.

Health Resources and Services Administration Faculty Loan Repayment Program

Individuals who come from a disadvantaged background, have an eligible health professions degree or certificate, including a pharmacy degree or certificate, or are a faculty member at an approved health professions school with a contract for two years or more working full- or part-time may qualify for loan repayment through the Health Resources and Services Administrative faculty loan program.

If you are eligible, you could receive up to $40,000 in loan repayment assistance for qualifying educational loans, plus funding to offset the tax burden of the award.

What to Do If You Don’t Qualify for Pharmacist Student Loan Forgiveness

If you don’t qualify for pharmacist student loan forgiveness, there are still ways to make repaying your student loans easier. Below are two options to consider.

Income-Driven Repayment

Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans base your monthly student loan payment amount on your income and family size, which can help lower your payments. The remaining balance will be forgiven by the end of your repayment period, which is either 20 or 25 years, depending on the plan.

The federal government offers the following types of income-driven repayment plans:

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan: Under the IBR plan, a borrower’s monthly payments are generally equal to 15% of their discretionary income.

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) plan: SAVE is designed to lower your payments based on income and family size. If your monthly payment isn’t enough to cover the accrued monthly interest, the government will cover it for you, preventing your balance from growing due to unpaid interest.

Under SAVE, borrowers with a $12,000 principal balance or less and who made 10 years of monthly payments, would receive loan forgiveness. However, the SAVE plan has been blocked in court and is essentially in limbo at this time, and new borrowers cannot enroll in it. Borrowers who were already enrolled in SAVE were placed in forbearance and owe no payments and their interest does not accrue.

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE) repayment plan: With PAYE, payments are generally equal to 10% of your discretionary income. While the PAYE plan was closed to new enrollment in July 2024, it was reopened to new enrollment in mid-December 2024. It also offers credit to eligible borrowers enrolled in the SAVE plan toward Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) and IDR plans once they get out of forbearance and enroll in PAYE.

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan: The ICR plan offers monthly payments that are either the lesser of what you would pay on a repayment plan with fixed monthly payments over the course of 12 years, adjusted based on your income, or 20% of your discretionary income. ICR was also closed in July 2024, but was reopened to new enrollment in December 2024.

You can apply for one of these income-driven repayment plans online through your loan servicer or by submitting a paper form. You can select the IDR plan you’d like or ask your servicer to choose a plan for you based on the lowest monthly payment possible.

Refinancing

If an IDR plan isn’t right for you, you may want to explore refinancing student loans to save money. When you refinance student loans you replace your old loans with one new loan from a private lender. Ideally, your new loan would have a lower interest rate or more favorable loan terms.

With student loan refinancing, you can refinance federal student loans, private student loans, or both. However, be aware that when you refinance federal loans, they become ineligible for federal benefits like income-based repayment plans and forgiveness.

A student loan refinancing calculator can help you determine if refinancing makes sense financially for your situation.

The Takeaway

Pharmacists who are struggling to repay their student loans may be eligible for any one of a number of different student loan forgiveness programs or loan repayment programs to help them tackle their debt.

And those aren’t the only options for potential relief: Borrowers who don’t qualify for these programs can consider income-driven repayment plans or student loan refinancing to help manage their student loan payments.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


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SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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How to Pay Off Vet School Loans

If you’ve graduated from veterinary school, you’ve likely accumulated significant student loan debt. And no wonder — four years of vet school generally costs $155,000 to $436,000, including tuition, fees, and living expenses.

It may seem challenging to pay off what you owe for vet school, but there are plans and programs that can help. Read on to learn about how to pay for vet school and what you need to know to choose the best repayment method for you.

Key Points

•   Veterinary school graduates have an average student loan debt of $147,258. It can take a decade or more to repay that debt.

•   Income-driven repayment plans that adjust monthly payments based on income and family size may help reduce student loan payments for some vets.

•   There have been changes and court actions regarding some income-driven repayment plans. Borrowers in the blocked SAVE plan have been placed in forbearance, with no payments necessary or interest accruing.

•   The Department of Education has now reopened the PAYE and ICR income-driven repayment plans for borrowers, including those in the blocked SAVE plan who are working toward student loan forgiveness.

•   Student loan refinancing may offer those who qualify lower interest rates or more favorable terms, but when federal loans are refinanced, there is no access to federal benefits such as income-driven repayment or federal forgiveness.

How Long Does It Take to Pay Off Vet School Loans?

For veterinary school graduates, the average vet school debt is $147,258, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association. So how long does it take to pay off that kind of vet school debt? It could take a decade or more to pay back vet student loans, depending on a number of factors, including the specific amount you need to repay and your income.

Doing a quick calculation can help you determine what your monthly loan payments would be and the time required to repay what you owe. For example, let’s say that you have a student loan amount of $147,258 with an 8.00% interest rate. If you’re on the standard repayment plan for federal student loans, which is 10 years, your payments would be $1,786.65 a month. With interest, you would end up paying $214,398 for your loans in total.

A monthly payment of almost $1,800 may be more than some vet school grads can afford. Fortunately, there are ways to lower your payments, including income-driven repayment plans, student loan forgiveness programs, and student loan refinancing.

Income Driven Repayment Plans

Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans base your federal monthly student loan payments on your income and family size. Under an IDR plan, you repay your federal student loans over 20 or 25 years, depending on the plan, and your remaining balance is forgiven at the end of the repayment period.

There are different IDR plans, including income-based repayment (IBR), income-contingent repayment (ICR), Pay As You Earn (PAYE), and Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), which was formerly the REPAYE plan.

PAYE vs. REPAYE/SAVE

PAYE is a plan that was closed to new enrollment in July 2024, but reopened in mid-December 2024 to give borrowers more options to keep their payments low, according to the Department of Education (DOE). The reopened PAYE offers credit to eligible borrowers enrolled in the SAVE plan, which has been blocked in court, toward Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) and IDR plans.

Here’s how the PAYE and SAVE plans work.

•   PAYE: Borrowers enrolled in the PAYE plan pay nothing on the first $22,590 of income if they are single (or $46,800 for a family of four). They make payments that are equal to 10% of their discretionary income above those amounts. (Discretionary income is defined as the difference between your annual income and 150% of the poverty guideline for your family size and state of residence.)

•   SAVE (formerly REPAYE): This plan was designed to lower payments based on a small portion of an individual’s adjusted gross income (AGI). If the borrower made their full monthly payment, the government would cover the rest of the interest that accrued that month. Under SAVE, borrowers with a $12,000 principal balance or less and who made 10 years of monthly payments would receive loan forgiveness. However, as mentioned, the SAVE plan has been blocked in court and is essentially in limbo at this time, and new borrowers cannot enroll in it.

Borrowers who were already enrolled in SAVE were placed in forbearance by the DOE. While in forbearance, they don’t owe payments on their loans, nor do their loans accrue interest. However, the time borrowers spend in forbearance does not give them credit toward PSLF or satisfy the requirements of IDR plans. The newly reopened PAYE allows them to get out of forbearance, enroll in PAYE, and start making loan payments that can help them work toward PSLF and IDR.

Student Loan Forgiveness

With student loan forgiveness, an eligible borrower is forgiven from paying back a portion or all of their federal student loans, typically in exchange for working in a certain type of job. For instance, the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program for federal loans forgives the remaining balance on federal Direct loans after 120 qualifying monthly payments made under a repayment plan when the borrower works for an eligible employer.

To be eligible for PSLF you must:

•   Be employed by the federal, state, local, or tribal government or a nonprofit organization

•   Work full-time for that agency or organization

•   Repay your loans under an income-driven repayment plan

•   Make a total of 120 qualifying monthly payments, as noted above

You can use the Federal Student Aid’s employer search tool to find out if your employer qualifies you for PSLF.

In addition to PSLF, there are a number of other forgiveness programs and loan repayment programs for veterinary graduates. You can locate them through the American Veterinary Association. You can also check with your state for any student loan forgiveness programs they may offer to veterinarians.

Switching Loan Repayment Plans

If you’re not happy with the loan repayment plan you’re currently enrolled in, you can change it by requesting a new plan from your loan servicer. This will usually require you to submit an application and additional information.

There are a number of repayment plans to choose from. Besides IDR plans, there are fixed federal repayment plans that base your payments on your loan balance, interest rate, and repayment period. You may qualify for one of these plans if you have Direct Subsidized or Unsubsidized loans, PLUS loans, or Consolidation loans. These repayment plans include:

•   Standard Repayment Plan: The standard plan requires you to pay a fixed amount over 10 years (or 10 to 30 years for Consolidation loans).

•   Graduated Repayment Plan: On the graduated repayment plan, your payments are lower at first and then they increase, usually every two years. With this plan, you’ll pay off your loans within 10 years (or up to 30 years with Consolidation loans).

•   Extended Repayment Plan: You must have more than $30,000 in outstanding Direct loans or more than $30,000 in FFEL Program loans to qualify for the extended repayment plan. On this plan, your payments may be fixed or graduated, and you pay them off within 25 years.

Upcoming IDR Changes to be Aware Of

There have been changes in some of the IDR plans. As discussed, a federal court issued an injunction that blocked the SAVE plan. In addition, the PAYE and ICR plans were closed by the DOE in the summer of 2024 after SAVE was introduced. However, as of December 18, the PAYE plan was reopened by the DOE, along with the ICR plan. Borrowers enrolled in SAVE who were placed in forbearance can now enroll in PAYE or ICR to earn credit toward PSLF and income-driven repayment. That means they will start making loan payments again, and the interest on their loans will begin to accrue.

Tips for Restarting Loan Payments

If you are restarting your loan payments, there are some strategies that can help you determine whether you’re on the best repayment plan for your situation and that the repayment process goes as smoothly as possible.

•   First, make sure you know who your loan servicer is. This is the entity that handles your loan payments. Your account dashboard at StudentAid.gov should have this information.

•   Confirm or update your contact information with your loan servicer and on your StudentAid.gov account

•   Take a good look at the repayment plan you’re on and think about whether an IDR plan might be a better option for you. As mentioned, an IDR plan may lower your payments because it bases your monthly payment on your income and family size. However, it typically takes longer to repay your loans on an IDR plan.

•   Consider whether student loan refinancing might help you repay your student loans. When you refinance student loans, you replace your current loans with one new loan from a private lender. Ideally, the new loan will have a lower interest rate or more favorable terms if you qualify, which may be helpful if you’re refinancing student loans to save money.

A student loan refinancing calculator can help you figure if refinancing could be financially beneficial. Just be aware that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal benefits such as income-driven repayment plans and federal student loan forgiveness.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinancing Guide

SAVE Plan Changes

If you are enrolled in the SAVE plan, which has been blocked in court, and you’re currently in forbearance, you do not have to make loan payments and interest is not accruing on your loans. The DOE says this is likely to remain the case until at least mid-2025, depending on further development by the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals. But if you want to earn credit toward IDR or PSLF, you can now enroll in the reopened PAYE or ICR plans and begin making loan payments.

The Takeaway

Vet school student debt can be significant, but there are plans and programs to help borrowers repay their loans. You can explore income-driven repayment plans, fixed repayment plans, and student loan refinancing to see which option makes the most sense for you.

There have been a number of changes to some of the IDR plans, including SAVE and REPAYE. If you are currently enrolled in SAVE and in forbearance, you can now enroll in the PAYE plan and start working toward IDR and PSLF credits.

Or, if you don’t need access to federal benefits and programs, you may decide that refinancing is a better choice for you. Whatever option you choose, be sure to weigh the pros and cons to make an informed decision.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


Photo credit: iStock/SeventyFour

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Going Back To School for a Master’s Degree During a Recession: Good or Bad Idea?

Going Back to School for a Master’s Degree During a Recession: Good or Bad Idea?

Deciding to pursue a master’s degree during a recession can be a strategic move or a financial risk, depending on your circumstances. While economic downturns often reduce job opportunities, they can also provide a chance to invest in education, build new skills, and enhance career prospects.

Historically, times of economic turmoil have seen big upticks in graduate school enrollment. But is this the right move for you now?

This guide explores the pros and cons of pursuing a master’s degree during uncertain economic times to help you make an informed decision.

Key Points

•   Economic downturns often lead to higher enrollment in graduate programs as individuals seek to enhance their qualifications amid a competitive job market.

•   Obtaining a master’s degree can lead to higher median weekly earnings compared to holding only a bachelor’s degree.

•   Graduate degree holders typically experience lower unemployment rates, suggesting that advanced education may provide increased job stability during recessions.

•   The rise of online graduate programs offers flexibility and accessibility, allowing individuals to pursue advanced degrees without relocating or leaving employment.

•   Prospective students should carefully consider tuition costs and potential student loan debt to determine if pursuing a graduate degree during a recession is worth it.

Why People Go Back To School During Recessions

Periods of decline in economic activity (aka recessions) are commonly accompanied by corporate layoffs, rising unemployment, and dwindling wage growth. Because there are fewer employment opportunities, job hunting and career advancement become more competitive. Many workers decide a return to school, often to earn a master’s degree, makes sense in a tough employment market.

Earning an advanced degree can boost your earning power in your chosen field or provide an opportunity to change fields. Career changers may gravitate to growing, “recession-proof” industries and fields that they are passionate about.

Recommended: 12 High Income Skills to Learn

Who Should Get a Master’s Degree?

Whether you should get a master’s degree depends on your professional and academic goals. A master’s degree indicates a high level of knowledge in a profession or research area. It takes anywhere from one to three years of full-time study to complete a master’s. A bachelor’s degree is required to apply for a master’s program.

For academics, a master’s is usually a stepping stone to a Ph.D. or other doctoral degree. Professional master’s degrees can also be the first step toward advanced degrees required for doctors, pharmacists, and lawyers, and are a necessary part of education for those careers.

Master’s degrees can also be required or particularly helpful in education, social service, health care, business, and STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).

Recommended: What Should I Do After My Master’s Degree?

Pros of Getting a Master’s Degree in a Recession

For many people, a recession is a good time to go back to school, either full- or part-time. Here’s why.

Potential Salary Boost

In many careers, a master’s degree will command a higher salary and increase job security. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), workers with graduate degrees (master’s, professional, and doctoral) have the highest earnings.

The median weekly earnings for full-time workers over 25 with a master’s degree is $1,737, compared to $1,493 for employees with a bachelor’s degree only.

Increased Job Security

Workers with graduate degrees also experience lower levels of unemployment, according to BLS data. The unemployment rate in 2023 for people with a master’s was 2.0%, compared to 2.2% for workers with bachelor’s degrees.

People who have been negatively affected by a recession — either laid off or unemployed for an extended period — often find that an advanced degree can lead to more job security and advancement. As mentioned above, recessions can also be a good time for workers in hard-hit industries to gain skills and knowledge through a master’s in a fast-growing field.

Many grad school students find that networking with other students, faculty, and alumni helps them find new opportunities, especially in a competitive job market.

Easy Access To High Quality Programs

Hundreds of high-quality, in-demand graduate degree programs are now available online from prestigious colleges and universities. Remote learning makes these programs accessible to students anywhere in the country. Online programs often cost less than in-person learning and can offer more flexibility for students who need to continue working full- or part-time.

Recommended: 10 Most Affordable Online Colleges in the United States

Cons of Getting a Master’s Degree in a Recession

Grad school isn’t right for everyone, and making this move demands careful consideration. Potential cons of going to grad school in a recession include:

Costs and Potential Debt

The average cost of a master’s degree is $62,820, according to a 2024 report from the Education Data Initiative. That does not include living expenses or lost wages from taking time off work. And people with a master’s degree carry an average of $69,140 in student loan debt.

Determining whether taking on federal or private student loan debt is worth the increased earning potential or career satisfaction is an important step in your decision-making process.

Increased Competition for Admissions

You’re not the only one debating whether to ride out tough economic times by going back to grad school. That can mean increased competition for the best programs. If a degree from a particular college or university is part of your career plan, carefully consider your timing.

Missed Work Experience

If you’re considering leaving a job to attend grad school, keep in mind that you may miss valuable work experience that can put you in a better position when the recession ends. Working part-time can help pay for grad school and sometimes alleviates missed work experience, but not always. That’s because part-time employees don’t always encounter the same opportunities to gain valuable experience as full-time staffers.

Recommended: Undergraduate vs. Graduate Student Loans: How They Differ

How Much Does a Master’s Degree Cost?

Depending on the field of study and institution, master’s programs range from $18,000 to $47,000 per year. Unlike many doctorate programs that waive tuition and fees and even offer a stipend, master’s degrees are not fully funded.

Ways To Pay for a Master’s Degree

Most students rely on a combination of savings, scholarships, grants, federal loans, private loans, and help from employers to pay for graduate school.

Federal Grants

Federal grant programs include the Pell Grant, which is generally available only to undergrads who demonstrate exceptional financial need. However, it may be possible to receive some grant funding to help you pay for grad school during a recession. Remember, this time around you’re an independent student, and you won’t be tied to your family’s income to determine need.

Another federal grant that may be available to graduate students is the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education, or TEACH Grant. This grant has relatively stringent requirements and is available for students pursuing a teaching career who are willing to fulfill a service obligation after graduation.

Filling out the Federal Application for Student Aid (FAFSA) is the first step to determining whether you’re eligible for federal grants.

Scholarships

The FAFSA also gives you access to many scholarships. There are scholarships offered in every field imaginable. Start your search with these online tools:

•   Graduate School Scholarship Search at Sallie Mae

•   Scholarship Search Engine at CollegeScholarship.org

•   SoFi’s State Scholarship Search

Federal Student Loans

Grad students may be offered loans as part of their financial aid offer. A loan is money you borrow and must pay back with interest. Loans made by the federal government, called federal student loans, usually have more benefits than loans from banks or other private sources.

The lifetime limit for Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized student loans is $138,500 for graduate or professional students. Of this amount, no more than $65,500 can be in subsidized loans. This includes student loans borrowed during undergraduate study.

Private Student Loans

Many students also rely on private student loans to help pay for graduate school. The maximum amount that students can borrow with a private student loan varies by lender, but can’t exceed the cost of attendance.

The cost of attendance is the combined total of tuition and fees, books and supplies, living expenses, transportation, and miscellaneous expenses. This estimate may also include dependent care, study-abroad, and costs related to disabilities.

Recommended: A Complete Guide to Private Student Loans

The Takeaway

Pursuing a master’s degree can be a great way to enhance your skills and career opportunities. Taking advantage of a slow or troubled economic time to do so can help ensure your job security in the future. That said, it’s important to consider the tuition costs associated with a graduate degree, the potential for taking on debt, and the effects of missed earnings and opportunities if you take time off work to go back to school.

Ways to pay for graduate school include cash savings, tuition assistance from your employer, scholarships, grants, and federal and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Is grad school a good place to ride out a recession?

It can be. Recessions are usually accompanied by high unemployment and layoffs. For many people, gaining new skills and expertise in a graduate program can be a good way to make yourself recession-proof in the future.

Do more people head for grad school during a recession?

Yes, more people often pursue graduate school during a recession as job opportunities shrink and individuals look to enhance skills or change careers. Higher education can provide a competitive edge, but it’s crucial to weigh the costs, especially when taking on debt during uncertain economic times.

What are worthwhile master’s degrees to get during a recession?

Master’s degrees in fields with strong job stability and growth potential are worthwhile during a recession. Examples include health care, data science, cybersecurity, education, and business administration (MBA). These fields often offer consistent demand, diverse career opportunities, and higher earning potential, making them strategic choices in uncertain economic times.


Photo credit: iStock/izusek

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and Conditions Apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 04/24/2024 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Understanding and Avoiding Student Loan Scams

Student loan scams are widespread, costing Americans billions of dollars annually. They range from student loan forgiveness scams to outright theft of your hard-earned money. Since President Biden announced his plan for student loan forgiveness in August 2022, there has been an increase in student loan scams promising loan forgiveness or relying on borrower confusion around loan forgiveness.

There are plenty of authentic student loan lenders, though, that might help you in the long run. Continue reading for more information on common student loan scams, how to protect yourself from scams, and government resources you can turn to.

Key Points

•   The most common types of student loan scams include phishing scams, loan forgiveness scams, and fraudulent loan consolidation scams.

•   To protect yourself from student loan fraud, never share your Social Security number, Federal Student Aid (FSA) ID, or bank details with unverified sources. Scammers often misuse this data for identity theft or fraudulent activities.

•   Investigate companies claiming to offer loan assistance. Check for reviews, Better Business Bureau ratings, and whether they have complaints or legal actions against them.

•   If you suspect an education loan scam, report it immediately to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) or your loan servicer. Prompt action can protect others from falling victim and may help recover lost funds.

•   To avoid student loan scams, choose a trustworthy student loan provider to work with. Research and compare lenders, understand the terms and conditions of the loan agreement, and seek guidance from loan counselors before making a decision.

Types of Student Loan Scams

Those under stress from student loan debt can feel compelled to go to extreme measures to get rid of their debt, which can make them more susceptible to predatory tactics. Below are the most common types of student loan scams.

Phishing Scams

A student loan phishing scam is a fraudulent attempt to steal personal or financial information by pretending to be a legitimate lender, loan servicer, or government agency. Scammers typically use emails, phone calls, or text messages to lure victims into providing sensitive details such as Social Security numbers, bank account information, or login credentials, often under the guise of offering loan forgiveness, lower payments, or other benefits.

Always verify communication through official channels, avoid sharing sensitive details, and be cautious of unsolicited offers to protect against identity theft and financial loss.

Deceptive Loan Forgiveness Scams

Deceptive loan forgiveness scams are when a student loan assistance company advertises loan forgiveness or lower payments in exchange for an upfront fee, personal information, or recurring payments.

Unsuspecting people pay and then six months later, the firm may shut down. These scams exploit confusion around genuine forgiveness programs and target borrowers seeking financial relief.

Identity Theft and Fraudulent Loan Consolidation Schemes

Identity theft and fraudulent loan consolidation schemes target borrowers by posing as legitimate loan service providers. Scammers steal personal information to take out loans or charge fees for nonexistent consolidation services. Victims face financial loss, damaged credit, and legal issues.

To protect yourself, verify lenders through official sources, never share sensitive details over unsolicited calls or emails, and monitor your credit report regularly. Reporting suspicious activity promptly can help minimize damage and prevent future fraud.

Recommended: 7 Financial Aid Secrets You Should Know

How to Protect Yourself from Scams

Student loan scams prey on borrowers seeking financial relief, often promising quick fixes or forgiveness that seems too good to be true. Protecting yourself requires awareness, diligence, and a cautious approach to offers related to your student loans. By recognizing scam tactics and implementing safeguards, you can protect your finances and personal information.

Recognizing Red Flags and Warning Signs of Scams

Red flags and warning signs of student loan scams to look out for include:

•   Upfront fees: Scammers demand payment before providing any services, which is illegal for legitimate debt relief companies.

•   Guaranteed loan forgiveness: Promises of instant or guaranteed forgiveness are false, as genuine programs have strict qualifications and timelines.

•   Pressure tactics: High-pressure tactics urging immediate action or claiming limited-time offers signal a scam.

•   Requests for personal details: Asking for sensitive information, such as your FSA ID, Social Security number, or bank account details, is a major warning sign.

•   Unsolicited contact: Receiving unexpected calls, emails, or messages about loan forgiveness or repayment assistance may indicate a scam.

•   Suspicious company names: Fraudulent entities often use names resembling legitimate organizations to create confusion.

•   Unsecure websites: Look for HTTPS and official government URLs; unsecured sites may collect data for scams.

•   Promises to “negotiate” debt: Claims to negotiate or reduce your debt beyond legal limits are misleading.

•   Lack of written documentation: Refusing to provide detailed agreements or contracts is a red flag.

•   False government affiliation: Fraudsters often pretend to be associated with the Department of Education or other federal programs.

Verifying the Legitimacy of Loan Forgiveness Programs

Legitimate loan forgiveness programs, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), are only available through official channels like the U.S. Department of Education. Always research the organization or program offering assistance. Cross-reference their details with official government websites, or contact your loan servicer directly for verification.

Safeguarding Personal Information from Scammers

Never share sensitive information like your FSA ID, Social Security number, or banking details with unverified entities. Regularly monitor your credit report for unauthorized activity and use secure communication channels when discussing your loan details. Stay vigilant to keep your financial and personal data safe.
Taking these steps ensures you stay informed and protected, reducing the risk of falling victim to scams.

Recommended: How to Live With Student Loan Debt

Government Resources for Loan Borrowers

The government provides essential resources to help student loan borrowers manage their debt and protect their rights. Understanding your rights as a borrower is crucial; federal loans offer protections such as income-driven repayment plans, deferment, and forbearance. Borrowers are also entitled to clear communication from loan servicers regarding their repayment options.

Accessing reliable information about loan repayment options is easy through official websites like StudentAid.gov, which offers tools to compare repayment plans and check eligibility for loan forgiveness programs. For direct assistance, borrowers can contact their loan servicer or the Federal Student Aid Information Center.

If you encounter scams, report them to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) or file complaints with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). These organizations investigate fraudulent activities and ensure borrowers are treated fairly. Staying informed and utilizing government resources can help you manage loans securely and effectively.

Choosing a Trustworthy Student Loan Provider

Selecting a trustworthy student loan provider is essential for managing your education finances responsibly. Start by researching and comparing reputable lenders. Look for established institutions with positive reviews and transparent lending practices. Check interest rates, repayment terms, and any additional fees to ensure you find the best fit for your needs.

Understanding the terms and conditions of loan agreements is critical. Read all documents carefully to grasp key details, such as the interest rate type (fixed or variable), repayment schedule, and penalties for missed payments. Avoid lenders with vague terms or hidden charges, as these may lead to financial difficulties later.

Seeking guidance from financial advisors or loan counselors can help you make informed decisions. These professionals can explain loan specifics, evaluate your financial situation, and recommend trustworthy lenders. Taking these steps will ensure you choose a provider that supports your educational journey without unnecessary risks.

Recommended: How to Pay for College Without Financial Aid

The Takeaway

Student loan scammers take advantage of borrowers who are trying to pay off student loan debt. These scams often appeal to borrowers looking for quick student loan relief and offer their service in exchange for a fee. To protect yourself, avoid offering personal information via requests on the phone, and make sure you choose a reputable lender when taking out student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.


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FAQ

How do common student loan scams work?

Common student loan scams often promise instant debt relief, loan forgiveness, or reduced payments in exchange for upfront fees. Scammers may impersonate legitimate organizations, demand sensitive personal information, or use high-pressure tactics. They exploit borrowers’ anxiety about student debt to steal money or commit identity theft.

Is there a way to stop student loan scam calls?

To stop student loan scam calls, register your number with the National Do Not Call Registry and use call-blocking tools or apps. Avoid sharing personal information with unknown callers, and report suspicious calls to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

What is student loan forgiveness fraud?

Student loan forgiveness fraud involves scammers pretending to offer legitimate debt relief programs to steal personal information or money. They often charge upfront fees, promise guaranteed forgiveness, or impersonate government agencies. Protect yourself by verifying offers with trusted sources like the Federal Student Aid website and avoiding unsolicited requests.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and Conditions Apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 04/24/2024 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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