invest Archives | Page 28 of 180

Oct

2024

How to Roll Over Your 401(k): Knowing Your Options

By MP Dunleavey | Budgeting & Goals, Building Your Career, Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Life & Career | No Comments

It’s pretty easy to rollover your old 401(k) retirement savings to an individual retirement account (IRA), a new 401(k), or another option — yet millions of workers either forget to rollover their hard-won retirement savings, or they lose track of the accounts. Given that a 401(k) rollover typically takes minimal time and, these days, minimal paperwork, it makes sense to know the basics so you can rescue your 401(k), roll it over to a new account, and add to your future financial security.

Whether you’re starting a new job and need to roll over your 401(k), or are looking at what other options are available to you, here’s a rundown of what you need to know.

Key Points

• Rolling over a 401(k) to an IRA or new 401(k) is typically straightforward and your retirement funds will continue to have the opportunity to grow.

• Moving 401(k) funds to another 401(k) is often the simplest option and allows you to continue to have a higher contribution limit.

• Moving 401(k) funds to an IRA may provide more investment choices and control over those investments.

• Leaving a 401(k) with a former employer is an option but may involve additional fees and complications.

• Direct transfers are simpler and generally preferred over indirect transfers, which run the risk of incurring tax liabilities and penalties.

401(k) Rollover Options

For workers who have a 401(k) and are considering next steps for those retirement funds — such as rolling them to an IRA or another 401(k), here are some potential avenues.

1. Roll Over Money to a New 401(k) Plan

If your new job offers a 401(k) or similar plan, rolling your old 401(k) funds into your new 401(k) account may be both the simplest and best option — and the one least likely to lead to a tax headache.

That said, how you go about the rollover has a pretty major impact on how much effort and paperwork is involved, which is why it’s important to understand the difference between direct and indirect transfers.

Here are the two main options you’ll have if you’re moving your 401(k) funds from one company-sponsored retirement account to another.

Direct Rollover

A direct transfer, or direct rollover, is exactly what it sounds like: The money moves directly from your old account to the new one. In other words, you never have access to the money, which means you don’t have to worry about any tax withholdings or other liabilities.

Depending on your account custodian(s), this transfer may all be done digitally via ACH transfer, or you may receive a paper check made payable to the new account. Either way, this is considered the simplest option, and one that keeps your retirement fund intact and growing with the least possible interruption.

Indirect Rollover

Another viable, but more complex, option, is to do an indirect transfer or rollover, in which you cash out the account with the expressed intent of immediately reinvesting it into another retirement fund, whether that’s your new company’s 401(k) or an IRA (see above).

But here’s the tricky part: Since you’ll actually have the cash in hand, the government requires your account custodian to withhold a mandatory 20% tax. And although you’ll get that 20% back in the form of a tax exemption later, you do have to make up the 20% out of pocket and deposit the full amount into your new retirement account within 60 days.

For example, say you have $50,000 in your old 401(k). If you elected to do an indirect transfer, your custodian would cut you a check for only $40,000, thanks to the mandatory 20% tax withholding.

But in order to avoid fees and penalties, you’d still need to deposit the full $50,000 into your new retirement account, including $10,000 out of your own pocket. In addition, if you retain any funds from the rollover, they may be subject to an additional 10% penalty for early withdrawal.

Pros and Cons of Rolling Over to a New 401(k)

With all of that in mind, rolling over your money into a new 401(k) has some pros and cons:

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Pros:

• Often the simplest, easiest rollover option when available.

• Should not typically result in any tax liabilities or withholdings.

• Allows your investments to continue to grow (hopefully!), uninterrupted.

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Cons:

• New employer may change certain aspects of your 401(k) plan.

• There may be higher associated fees or costs with your new plan.

• Indirect transfers may tie up some of your funds for tax purposes.

¹Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

2. Roll Over Your 401(k) to an IRA

If your new job doesn’t offer a 401(k) or other company-sponsored account like a 403(b), you still have options that’ll keep you from bearing a heavy tax burden. Namely, you can roll your 401(k) into an IRA.

The entire procedure essentially boils down to three steps:

1. Open a new IRA that will accept rollover funds.

2. Contact the company that currently holds your 401(k) funds and fill out their transfer forms using the account information of your newly opened IRA. You should receive essential information about your benefits when you leave your current position. If you’ve lost track of that information, you can contact the plan sponsor or the company HR department.

3. Once your money is transferred, you can reinvest the money as you see fit. Or you can hire an advisor to help you set up your new portfolio. It also may be possible to resume making deposits/contributions to your rollover IRA.

Pros and Cons of Rolling Over to an IRA

This option also has its pros and cons, however.

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Pros:

• IRAs may have more investment options available.

• You’ll have more control over how you allocate your investments.

• You could potentially reduce related expenses, depending on your specifications.

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Cons:

• May require you to liquidate your holdings and reinvest them.

• Lower contribution limit compared to 401(k).

• May involve different or higher fees and additional costs.

• IRAs may provide less protection from creditor judgments.

• You’ll be subject to new distribution rules – namely, you’ll need to be 59 1/2 before withdrawing funds to avoid incurring penalties.

3. Leave Your 401(k) With Your Former Employer

Leaving your 401(k) be – or, with your former employer – is also an option.

If you’re happy with your portfolio mix and you have a substantial amount of cash stashed in there already, it might behoove you to leave your 401(k) where it is.

You’ll also want to dig into the details and determine how much control you’ll have over the account, and how much your former employer might.

You might also consider any additional fees you might end up paying if you leave your 401(k) where it is. Plus, racking up multiple 401(k)s as you change jobs could lead to a more complicated withdrawal schedule at retirement.

Pros and Cons of Leaving Your 401(k) Alone

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Pros:

• It’s convenient – you don’t do anything at all, and your investments will remain where they are.

• You’ll have the same protections and fees that you previously had, and won’t need to get up to speed on the ins and outs of a new 401(k) plan.

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Cons:

• If you have a new 401(k) at a new employer, you could end up with multiple accounts to juggle.

• You’ll no longer be able to contribute to the 401(k), and may not get regular updates about it.

4. Cash Out Your Old 401(k)

Cashing out, or liquidating your old 401(k) is another option. But there are some stipulations investors should be aware of.

Because a 401(k) is an investment account designed specifically for retirement, and comes with certain tax benefits — e.g. you don’t pay any tax on the money you contribute to your 401(k), depending on the specific type — the account is also subject to strict rules regarding when you can actually access the money, and the tax you’d owe when you did.

Specifically, if you take out or borrow money from your 401(k) before age 59 ½, you’ll likely be subject to an additional 10% tax penalty on the full amount of your withdrawal — and that’s on top of the regular income taxes you’ll also be obligated to pay on the money.

Depending on your income tax bracket, that means an early withdrawal from your 401(k) could really cost you, not to mention possibly leaving you without a nest egg to help secure your future.

This is why most financial professionals generally recommend one of the next two options: rolling your account over into a new 401(k), or an IRA if your new job doesn’t offer a 401(k) plan.

Pros and Cons of Cashing Out Your 401(k)

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Pros:

• You’ll have immediate access to your funds to use as you like.

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Cons:

• Early withdrawal penalties may apply, and there will likely be income tax liabilities.

• Liquidating your retirement account may hurt your chances of reaching your financial goals.

When Is a Good Time to Roll Over a 401(k)?

If there’s a good time to roll over your 401(k), it’s when you change jobs and have the chance to enroll in your new employer’s plan. But you can generally do a rollover any time.

That said, if you have a low balance in your 401(k) account — for example, less than $5,000 — your employer might require you to do a rollover. And if you have a balance lower than $1,000, your employer may have the right to cash it out without your approval. Be sure to check the exact terms with your employer.

When you receive funds from a 401(k) or IRA account, such as with an indirect transfer, you’ll only have 60 days from the date you receive them to then roll them over into a new qualified plan. If you wait longer than 60 days to deposit the money, it will trigger tax consequences, and possibly a penalty. In addition, only one rollover to or from the same IRA plan is allowed per year.

The Takeaway

Rolling over your 401(k) — to a new employer’s plan, or to an IRA — gives you more control over your retirement funds, and could also give you more investment choices. It’s not difficult to rollover your 401(k), and doing so can offer you a number of advantages. First of all, when you leave a job you may lose certain benefits and terms that applied to your 401(k) while you were an employee. Once you move on, you may pay more in account fees for that account, and you will likely lose the ability to keep contributing to your account.

There are some instances where you may not want to do a rollover, for instance when you own a lot of your old company’s stock, so be sure to think through your options.

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FAQ

How can you roll over a 401(k)?

It’s fairly easy to roll over a 401(k). First decide where you want to open your rollover account, then contact your old plan’s administrator, or your former HR department. They typically send funds to the new institution directly via an ACH transfer or a check.

What options are available for rolling over a 401(k)?

There are several options for rolling over a 401(k), including transferring your savings to a traditional IRA, or to the 401(k) at your new job. You can also leave the account where it is, although this may incur additional fees. It’s generally not advisable to cash out a 401(k), as replacing that retirement money could be challenging.

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SOIN-Q324-044

Oct

2024

The Ultimate Guide to SIMPLE IRAs for Employees and Small Businesses

By Austin Kilham | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

SIMPLE IRA is a tax-advantaged retirement account that can help self-employed individuals and small business owners save and invest for the future.

You may already be familiar with traditional individual retirement accounts (IRAs). A SIMPLE IRA, or Saving Incentive Match Plan for Employees, is similar to a traditional IRA in that it’s also a tax-deferred account. But the contribution limits for SIMPLE IRAs are higher, and the tax treatment of these plans is slightly different.

Also, SIMPLE IRAs require employers to provide a matching contribution.

What Is a SIMPLE IRA?

SIMPLE IRA plans are employer-sponsored retirement accounts for businesses with 100 or fewer employees. They are also retirement accounts for the self-employed and sole proprietors. If you’re your own boss, and thus self-employed, you can set up a SIMPLE IRA for yourself.

For small business owners and the self-employed, SIMPLE IRAs are an easy-to-manage, low-cost way to contribute to their own retirement — while at the same time helping employees to contribute to their savings as well, both through tax-deferred, elective contributions, and a required employer match.

SIMPLE IRAs offer higher contribution limits than traditional IRAs (see below), but employers and employees still benefit from tax advantages like tax-deferred growth and contributions that are either deductible (for the employer) or reduce taxable income (for the employee).

How Does a SIMPLE IRA Work?

A SIMPLE IRA is one of many different types of retirement plans available, but it can be appealing for small business owners and those who are self-employed owing to the lower administrative burden.

That’s because, unlike a 401(k) plan (which requires a plan sponsor and a plan administrator, as well as a custodian for employee assets), a SIMPLE IRA basically enables the employer to set up IRA accounts at a financial institution for eligible employees — or allow employees to do so at the financial institution of their choice.

Once the plan is set up and contributions are made, the employee is fully vested (i.e., they have ownership of all SIMPLE IRA funds, per IRS rules), which is helpful when saving for retirement.

Employee Eligibility

In order for an employee to participate in a SIMPLE IRA, they must have earned at least $5,000 in compensation over the course of any two years prior to the current calendar year, and they must expect to make $5,000 in the current calendar year.

It’s possible for employers to set less restrictive rules for SIMPLE IRA eligibility. For example, they could lower the amount employees are required to have made in a previous two-year time. However, they cannot make participation rules more restrictive.

Employers can exclude certain types of employees from the plan, including union members who have already bargained for retirement benefits and nonresident aliens who don’t receive their compensation from the employer.

Employee Contribution Limits

Those who have a SIMPLE IRA can contribute up to $16,000 in 2024 (plus an extra $3,500 in catch-up contributions for those 50 and older).

Contributions reduce employees’ taxable income, which lowers their income taxes in the year they contribute. Contributions can be invested inside the account, and may grow tax-deferred until an employee makes withdrawals when they retire.

IRA withdrawal rules are particularly important to pay attention to as they can be a bit complicated. Withdrawals made after age 59 ½ are subject to income tax. If you make withdrawals before then, you may be subject to an additional 10%, with some exceptions, or 25% penalty (if you’ve had the account for less than two years).

Account holders must make required minimum distributions, or RMDs, from their accounts when they reach age 72 (or age 73, if you turn 72 after Dec. 31, 2022).

Matching Contributions

An employer is required to provide a matching contribution to employees in one of two ways. They can match up to 3% of employees’ compensation. Or they can make a non-elective contribution of 2% of employees’ compensation.

If an employee doesn’t participate in the SIMPLE IRA plan, they would still receive an employer contribution of 2% of their compensation, up to the annual compensation limit, which is $345,000 for 2024.

This two-tiered structure allows employers to choose whatever matching structure suits them.

¹Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

SIMPLE IRA vs Traditional IRA

When it comes to a SIMPLE IRA vs. a traditional IRA, the two plans are similar, but there are some key differences between the two. A SIMPLE IRA is for small business owners and their employees. A traditional IRA is for anyone with earned income.

To be eligible for a SIMPLE IRA, an employee generally must have earned at least $5,000 in compensation over the course of two years prior — and expect to make $5,000 in the current calendar year. With a traditional IRA, an individual must have earned income in the past year.

Contribution Limits

One of the biggest differences between the two plans is the contribution limit amount.

While individuals can contribute $7,000 in 2024 to a traditional IRA (or $8,000 if they are 50 or older), those who have a SIMPLE IRA can contribute $16,000 in 2024, plus an extra $3,500 in catch-up contributions for those 50 and older, for a total of $19,500.

Tax Treatment

And while both types of IRAs are considered tax deferred, SIMPLE IRAs use two different tax treatments.
For example: a traditional IRA generally allows individuals to make tax-deductible contributions. With a SIMPLE IRA, the employer or sole proprietor can make tax-deductible contributions to a SIMPLE IRA — while employees benefit from having their elective contributions withheld from their taxable income.

Both methods can help lower taxable income, potentially providing a tax benefit. But withdrawals are taxed as income, as they are with a traditional IRA.

Dive deeper: SIMPLE IRA vs Traditional IRA

SIMPLE IRA vs 401(k)

SIMPLE IRAs have some similarity to employer-sponsored 401(k) plans. Contributions made to both are made with pre-tax dollars, and the money in the accounts grows tax-deferred.

But while a 401(k) gives an employer the option of providing matching contributions to employees’ plans, a SIMPLE IRA requires matching contributions by the employer, as noted above.

Another major difference between the two plans is that individuals can contribute much more to a 401(k) than they can to a SIMPLE IRA.

• In 2024, they can contribute 23,000 to their 401(k) and an additional $7,500 if they’re 50 or older.

• In comparison, individuals can contribute $16,000 to a SIMPLE IRA, plus an additional $3,500 if they are 50 or older.

How to Run a SIMPLE IRA Plan

SIMPLE IRAs are relatively easy to put in place, since they have no filing requirements for employers. Employers cannot offer another retirement plan in addition to offering a SIMPLE IRA.

If you’re interested in setting up a SIMPLE IRA, banks and brokerages may have a plan, known as a prototype plan, that’s already been approved by the IRS.

Otherwise you’ll need to fill out one of two forms to set up your plan:

• Form 5304-SIMPLE allows employees to choose the financial institutions that will receive their SIMPLE IRA contributions.

• You can also fill out Form 5305-SIMPLE, which means employees will deposit SIMPLE IRA contributions at a single financial institution chosen by the employer.

Once you have established the SIMPLE IRA, an account must be set up by or for each employee, and employers and employees can start to make contributions.

Notice Requirements for Employees

There are minimal paperwork requirements for a SIMPLE IRA. Once the employer opens and establishes the plan through a financial institution, they need to notify employees about it. This should be done by October 1 of the year the plan is intended to begin. Employees have 60 days to make their elections.

Eligible employees need to be notified about the plan annually. Any changes or new terms to the plan must be disclosed. At the beginning of each annual election period, employers must notify their employees of the following:

• Opportunities to make or change salary reductions.

• The ability to choose a financial institution to receive SIMPLE IRA contribution, if applicable.

• Employer’s decisions to make nonelective or matching contributions.

• A summary description provided by the financial institution that acts as trustee of SIMPLE IRA fund, and notice that employees can transfer their balance without cost of penalty if the employer is using a designated financial institution.

Participant Loans and Withdrawals

Participants cannot take loans from a SIMPLE IRA. Withdrawals made before age 59 ½ are typically subject to a 10% penalty, or 25% if the account is less than two years old, in addition to any income tax due on the withdrawal amount.

Rollovers and Transfers to Other Retirement Accounts

For the first two years of participating in a SIMPLE IRA, participants can only do a tax-free rollover to another SIMPLE IRA. After two years, they may be able to roll over their SIMPLE IRA to a traditional IRA or an employer-sponsored plan such as 401(k).

A rollover to a Roth IRA would require paying taxes on any untaxed contributions and earnings in the accounts.

Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

The Advantages and Drawbacks of a SIMPLE IRA Plan

While SIMPLE IRAs may offer a lot of benefits, including immediate tax benefits, tax-deferred growth, and employer contributions, there are some drawbacks. For example, SIMPLE IRAs don’t allow employees to save as much as other retirement plans such as 401(k)s and Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRAs.

In 2024, employees can contribute up to $23,000 to a 401(k), plus an additional $7,500 for those 50 and over.
Individuals with a SEP IRA account can contribute up to 25% of their employee compensation, or $69,000, whichever is less, in 2024.

The good news is, employees with SIMPLE IRAs can make up some of that lost ground. Employers may be wondering about the merits of choosing between a SIMPLE and traditional IRA, but they can actually have both.

Employers and employees can open a traditional or Roth IRA and fund it simultaneously with a SIMPLE IRA. For 2024, total IRA contributions can be up to $7,000, or $8,000 for those 50 and over.

Here some pros and cons of starting and funding a SIMPLE IRA at a glance:

Pros of a SIMPLE IRA	Cons of a SIMPLE IRA
Employers are required to provide a matching contribution for all eligible employees.	Lower contribution limits than other plans, such as 401(k)s and SEP IRAs.
Lower cost and less paperwork than other retirement accounts; there are no filing requirements with the IRS.	Withdrawals made before age 59 ½ are subject to a possible 10% or 25% penalty, depending on how long the account has been open.
Contributions are tax deductible for employers and pre-tax for employees (both lower taxable income).	Participants cannot take out a loan from a SIMPLE IRA.
A SIMPLE IRA may offer more investment options than a 401(k) or other employer plan.	There is no Roth option to allow employees to fund a SIMPLE account with after-tax dollars that would translate to tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

Eligibility and Participation in a SIMPLE IRA

As mentioned previously, there are some rules about who can participate in a SIMPLE IRA. Here’s a quick recap.

Who Can Establish and Participate in a SIMPLE IRA?

Small business owners with fewer than 100 employees and self-employed individuals can set up and participate in a SIMPLE IRA, along with any eligible employees.

Employers can’t offer any other type of employer-sponsored plan if they set up a SIMPLE IRA.

Employees’ Eligibility and Participation Criteria

In order for an employee to be eligible to participate, they must have earned at least $5,000 in compensation over the course of any two years prior to the current calendar year, and they must expect to make $5,000 in the current calendar year.

Employees can choose less restrictive requirements if they choose. They may also exclude certain individuals from a SIMPLE IRA, such as those in unions who receive benefits through the union.

Investment Choices and Account Maintenance

Because the employer doesn’t have to set up investment options for the SIMPLE IRA, employees have the advantage of setting up a portfolio from the investments available at the financial institution that holds the SIMPLE IRA.

Investment Choices for a SIMPLE IRA

Typically, there may be more investment choices with a SIMPLE IRA than there with a 401(k) because the SIMPLE IRA account may be held at a financial institution with a wide array of options.

Investment choices can include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), target-date funds, and more.

Understanding SIMPLE IRA Distributions

There are particular rules for SIMPLE IRA distributions, as there are with all types of retirement accounts.

Withdrawal Rules and Tax Consequences

As discussed previously, withdrawals made before age 59 ½ are subject to income tax plus a potential 10% or 25% penalty, depending on how long the account has been open.

Withdrawals made after age 59 ½ are subject to income tax only and no penalty. Account holders must make required minimum distributions from their accounts when they reach age 72, or 73 if you turn 72 after Dec. 31, 2022.

The 2-Year Rule and Early Withdrawal Penalties

There is a two-year rule for withdrawals from a SIMPLE IRA. If you make a withdrawal within the first two years of participating in the plan, the penalty may be increased from 10% to 25%, with some exceptions (e.g., for a first-time home purchase, for higher education expenses, and more). In addition, all withdrawals are subject to ordinary income tax.

The Takeaway

SIMPLE IRAs are one of the easiest ways that self-employed individuals and small business owners can help themselves and their employees save for retirement, whether they’re experienced retirement investors or they’re opening their first IRA.

These accounts can even be used in conjunction with certain other retirement accounts and investment accounts to help individuals save even more.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

Photo credit: iStock/shapecharge

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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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SOIN-Q324-054

Oct

2024

What Is a Golden Cross Pattern in Stocks? How Do They Form?

By Laurel Tincher | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

The golden cross pattern is a technical indicator that appears when a security’s short-term moving average rises above its long-term moving average. A golden cross is generally interpreted as the sign of an upcoming market rally.

The golden cross pattern is a momentum indicator, and it tends to be popular because it is easy for chart watchers to spot and interpret. It doesn’t occur as often as other chart patterns, but when it does it sometimes even makes news headlines because it is a strong bullish indicator for a stock or an index.

How Do Golden Cross Patterns Form?

The golden cross candlestick chart pattern happens when the short-term moving average (e.g. the 50-day moving average) moves above and crosses a long-term moving average such as the 200-day moving average, or DMA.

It is an indicator that the market will probably head in a bullish direction, and can be used by stock investors, day traders, swing traders, options traders, or anyone interested in analyzing price movements.

A moving average is a graph of the average value of a stock price for some trailing period of time. Commonly used moving averages are the 50-day moving average (DMA) as a short-term measure and the 200 DMA as a long-term measure.

That said, traders can use moving averages of various lengths, from hours to months, to capture a desired time frame.

Recommmended: Important Candlestick Patterns to Know

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3 Stages of a Golden Cross

There are three stages that form the Golden Cross pattern:

1. Downtrend. The first stage of the golden cross happens before the moving average lines cross. A downtrend occurs, and the short-term average is lower than the long-term average, but then buyer volume starts exceeding seller volume.

2. Breakout. Next, the cross happens. The short-term moving average crosses over and above the long-term moving average, reflecting a reversal of the downward trend and upward momentum.

3. Upward momentum. The trend continues and the prices continue to rise, with both the short- and long-term DMAs creating support levels (the lower end of both average prices) and indicating movement toward a bullish market.

Understanding support and resistance levels is key to reading technical charts. Support indicates where the price tends to stop falling; resistance indicates where the price tends to stop rising.

What Does a Golden Cross Tell Traders?

When the short-term average is higher than the long-term average, this means that short-term prices are rising compared to previous prices, showing bullish momentum.

The candlestick pattern that’s opposite the golden cross is the Death Cross chart pattern, which is when the short-term average moves below the long-term average, indicating a bearish market trend.

You can think of the golden cross pattern as a logical example of how price momentum can work. Because it’s the short-term DMA that rises and crosses the long-term DMA in a stock chart, it makes sense that analysts would interpret this as a bullish indicator that could have some staying power, as the short-term DMA would eventually play into the long-term DMA.

How Does a Golden Cross Work?

A golden cross occurs in a technical chart when the short-term moving average dips down to its resistance level, and then moves upward, crossing the long-term moving average.

Traders can use different time periods when conducting technical analysis, but the use of the 50-day moving average and the 200-day moving average are common when it comes to identifying the golden cross pattern. The longer the time period, the more lasting the upward trend may be.

Different traders, for example day traders or options traders, can use shorter periods, depending on when they’re aiming to place trades and what their strategy is.

Pros and Cons of Using the Golden Cross

The golden cross can be a useful technical pattern for traders to use to spot changes in market trends. However, on its own it has some limitations.

Benefits of the Golden Cross

The golden cross is known as one of the strongest bullish technical indicators, and can reflect other positive underlying factors in a particular stock.

Furthermore, since the pattern is so widely known, it can attract buyers, thereby helping to fulfill its own prediction.

Drawbacks of the Golden Cross

Like any chart pattern, there is no guarantee that prices will rise following the golden chart pattern.

Chiefly, the golden cross is a lagging indicator. It shows historical prices, which are not necessarily an indicator of future price trends.

Even if prices do rise, they might not rise for long after the golden cross forms.

Due to these uncertainties, it is best to use the golden cross in conjunction with other indicators.

How to Trade a Golden Cross

Both long-term and short-term traders can use the golden cross to help them decide when to enter or exit trades. It can be used both for individual stocks and for trading market indexes.

Most traders use the golden cross and Death Cross along with other indicators and fundamental analysis, such as the relative strength index (RSI) and moving average convergence divergence (MACD).

RSI and MACD are popular indicators because they are leading indicators, potentially providing more real-time information than the golden cross pattern.

What Time Frame Is Best for a Golden Cross?

The most popular moving averages to use to spot the golden cross are the 50-DMA and the 200-DMA. However, day traders may also spot the golden cross using moving averages of just a few hours or even one hour.

Whatever the chosen time period, traders enter into the trade when the short-term average crosses over the long-term, and they exit when the price reverses again.

Because the golden cross is a lagging indicator, investors enter a trade when the stock price itself rises above the 200-DMA rather than waiting for the 50-DMA to cross over the 200-DMA. The logic being: If traders wait for the pattern to form they may have missed the best opportunity to enter into the market.

Short sellers may also use the golden cross to determine when the market is turning bullish, which is a good time for them to exit their short positions.

The Takeaway

Chart patterns are useful tools for both beginning investors and experienced traders to spot market trends and find entry and exit points for trades. The golden cross is one indicator that technical analysts might use to determine whether a stock or market is bullish.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

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SOIN0124098

Oct

2024

5 Common Recession Fears and How to Cope

By Matthew Zeitlin | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Life & Career | Comments Off

Millions of Americans are anxious about recessions and economic downturns, which often involve job-losses and tightening budgets. Not to mention, investment portfolios tend to take a hit, too. These worries are normal, and fortunately there are ways to cope in the short-term.

The first step to handling that anxiety is overcoming the fear itself. While it’s normal to be worried about a recession — how long it might last, how dire the consequences might be — the truth is that the economy is cyclical. It expands and contracts, and recessions are a natural part of the order.

5 Common Recession Fears

Some investors choose to stick to their strategies or mantras during a recession. Of course, you can always carry on with your online stock trading even during a recession, but whether you choose to do that is up to you. But it’s not always so simple for every investor.

That’s because when it comes to making financial decisions, emotions are rarely your friend – that includes fear, doubt, and anxiety. With that in mind, here are some of the most common recession-related fears people often grapple with during times of economic uncertainty.

1. What If This Recession Lasts for Many Years?

While it’s possible that a recession could last for a long time, it helps to have some historical context.

Since the end of World War II, there have been 12 recessionary periods — including the short, sharp decline in early 2020 sparked by the pandemic. While that one only lasted a couple of months, U.S. recessions have averaged about 11 months in duration.

There have been outliers: Notably, the Great Recession of 2008 lasted for 18 months; and the Great Depression of the 1930s lasted about four years, although the repercussions extended that financial crisis until 1938.

That said, bull markets tend to last longer than bear markets. Equally important to remember is that every financial crisis has also informed new monetary policy and new fiscal tools that help protect consumers and investors.

2. What If Unemployment Soars?

It’s true that the potential for job loss is higher during a recession, when companies may be forced to lay off some of their workforce. While this is a common occurrence — as demand for goods lessens and output drops, companies typically need to cut expenses — there is a potential upside.

Unemployment numbers tend to lag a bit; joblessness typically rises to its highest level at certain points during the recession, and recovers to prior levels after the recession has ended. This means that some workers may have a window of opportunity to either look for new jobs now, or shore up their savings (in case of a layoff).

Be open and flexible to changes in responsibility. Lower your expectations around raises and bonuses. Try to bring value to the company, by going above and beyond, or by learning a new skill.

Make connections with your coworkers and network with people in your industry. It might be helpful to spruce up your resume too. That way, should you be laid off you can hit the ground running.

Take advantage of the shift to the gig economy, e.g. becoming your own boss, and relying on various income streams rather than a single full-time job. Not only are part-time positions becoming more common, it’s possible that your employer may be open to a gig arrangement, rather than completely letting go of a qualified employee.

A common rule of thumb is to keep three to six months’ worth of income in an emergency fund.

Recommended: Discover your ideal emergency fund amount with our emergency fund calculator.

3. What If You Lose Your Savings?

Emergency savings are important in any circumstances, as life is full of curveballs and unpredictable expenses. To that end, it’s smart to keep at least one month’s worth of expenses in a rainy day fund — three to six months is better, of course, but always have a cushion for life’s inevitable emergencies.

A recession can hit your savings hard. But it’s better to spend down your emergency fund than to panic and make financial moves you’ll later regret. At all costs, try to avoid the following:

• Covering expenses with your credit card, and incurring debt that you have to pay off at high interest rates.

• Taking out a home equity loan. While the interest rates may be lower on these loans, it’s still an additional monthly expense. And if your home value dips, you could put yourself in a precarious position when you need to sell.

• Taking a loan from your 401(k). While borrowing from a 401(k) has its pros and cons, and a loan is usually better than taking an early withdrawal, there are still a number of risks. The biggest being: If you do get laid off, the entire loan could be due within a 12-month period.

In short: Build up your savings while you can, especially if you’re concerned about losing your job. And don’t be afraid to spend some or even all of that emergency money if things go south. That’s what the money is there for.

4. What If You Can’t Cover All Your Bills?

A recession can mean that money is tight, and that your bills may go up. If a job loss is looming, you may have real fears of being able to cover your expenses. Fortunately, one area where you have some control is how much money you spend.

The first step in lowering your expenses is to get to know them, especially the bills and subscriptions you pay automatically (or are on an auto-renewal system).

Take a look at your current spending habits by examining your bank statements (you can usually get a transaction history right on your phone). You don’t have to read through months of expenditures. What you spend in one month is probably similar to what you spend any other month (despite some seasonal differences).

As you examine what, where, and why you spend, note that some expenses are easier to control than others. Here are some common areas where it’s often possible to make cutbacks:

• Food (eating out, snacks) and groceries are generally the biggest household expenses, after mortgage or rent — but they’re also easy to rein in.

• Utilities (e.g. use less gas, oil, electricity).

• Clothing and other “nice-to-haves” (limit spending to necessities).

• Subscriptions (you’re likely paying for several streaming or music services you rarely use; it’s easy to forget what you signed up for a year ago).

• Examine your insurances. Sometimes you can lower premiums by switching providers or calling and asking for a discount.

Once you trim your expenses, you may realize there are other ways you can cut back that aren’t on the above list — but not everyone has these options. You could change your commute to save money. You could take on a roommate who can split expenses.

5. What If Your Investments Lose Value?

It’s likely that your retirement account(s) and investment portfolio could lose value when the markets are down, or fluctuating. As discussed above, you don’t want to react strongly and pull your money out of the market impulsively. That’s when you lock in losses that can be hard to recover from.

If you have a financial advisor, or you’re thinking of working with one, you may want to discuss sooner rather than later how well-diversified your portfolio is. Diversification can help protect against volatility in some cases. But portfolio diversification is ideally something you do before a recession sets in.

A better approach during a recession is to stay the course. Continue to invest; continue to save for retirement. Rather than impulsively change your financial behavior, intentionally keep doing what you’ve always done. One way to do this is by using a robo advisor, which incorporates highly sophisticated technology that uses automation to help you stick to your own plan. You’ll likely find yourself in better shape when the recession ebbs and the markets rise once more.

The Takeaway

It’s natural to feel worried about the onset of a recession. Most people have fears about how long a recession could last and what the possible consequences could be in terms of their jobs, their bills, their long-term savings and even retirement.

That said, there are a number of ways to cope. While headlines may sound dire, the reality of a recession is that it may not last as long as you fear. Also, it can take some time for ordinary people to feel the impact. That can give you time to be proactive, including giving your job options (and spending habits) a careful review, beefing up your emergency savings, and reminding yourself to stay calm above all.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SOIN-Q324-052

Oct

2024

Investing for Retirement: Guide to Emerging Markets

Guide to Investing in Emerging Markets

By Mike Zaccardi, CMT, CFA | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

Emerging market investments include owning shares in companies from countries like China, India, Brazil, and South Africa, among others. There are pros and cons to owning emerging market investments, but these stocks are a significant part of the global market.

Investing in emerging markets can help diversify your portfolio, which is one of the reasons that some investors do it. There are, however, risks associated with investing in emerging markets that investors should be aware of.

Understanding Emerging Markets

Investing in emerging markets, or even if you plan to open an IRA and use it to add foreign stocks to your portfolio, may prove to be a part of a successful investment strategy. If, that is, you understand what you’re investing in.

Emerging markets are economies that are in the middle between the developing and developed stages. Emerging markets risk can be high since these areas often see rapid growth and high volatility with booms and busts. Some of the most well-known and biggest countries that investors may look to invest in include China, India, Brazil, and South Korea.

Emerging market investments are generally seen as a higher-risk area of the global stock market. Volatility can spike during periods of political upheaval and when emerging market recessions strike.

As investors get older, risk must be managed through diversified investment plans. You might consider reducing emerging market exposure in your portfolio as your time horizon shortens and retirement nears.

Why Invest in Emerging Markets?

Emerging market investments have been popular for decades. It became easy to own a broad emerging market index fund within an investment portfolio in the early, when exchange-traded funds (ETFs) gained popularity.

The decade of the 2000s featured strong outperformance from the high-risk, high-reward profile of emerging market investments. But volatility in these markets has also been a factor.

People like to invest in areas of the stock market that exhibit rapid growth potential along with having the potential for diversification. High economic growth rates, such as those in China and India, often attract investors seeking to benefit from stocks of those nations. Indeed, there can be periods like the 2000s when strong bull markets take place.

Moreover, owning high-growth areas within a tax-advantaged account can be a savvy retirement savings strategy. This can be helpful when choosing a retirement plan.

Can You Build a Retirement Portfolio With Emerging Markets?

It’s possible to build a segment of a retirement portfolio by investing in emerging markets. Also consider that emerging market bonds are a growing piece of the global fixed-income market.

In addition, owning emerging market investments in retirement accounts is possible via ETFs and both active and passive mutual funds. Moreover, many 401(k) plans offer an emerging markets fund, too.

When thinking about investing in emerging markets, keep in mind that emerging market stocks comprise a fraction of the overall market. Emerging markets stocks represent 27% of the global stock market.

¹Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

Pros of Investing in Emerging Markets

There are many pros and cons of investing in emerging markets. When you start saving for retirement, it may be a good time to think about investing in emerging market stocks, since you’d likely have a relatively long time horizon to weather volatility.

Here are some of the pros of investing in emerging markets.

Opportunity to Generate Returns

Investing in emerging markets may present the opportunity to generate returns in your portfolio, although it does assume risks, too.

Also consider that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in emerging market countries, while just 27% of the global stock market is weighted to them. Investing for retirement could have at least some exposure to this area for risk-tolerant individuals.

Diversification Benefits

International investments can help offset the ebbs and flows of U.S. stocks through diversification. Consider that the domestic equity market is more than 60% of the global market. So if the U.S. goes into a bear market, foreign shares might outperform. Retirement investing should have a diversified approach.

Cons of Investing in Emerging Markets

Emerging markets can be volatile, and they expose investors to a host of risk factors. Political, economic, and currency risks can all hamper emerging market investments’ growth.

Due to the many risks, it’s common for retirement investors to tone down their stock allocation as they approach retirement. Here are some potential downsides to investing in emerging markets.

Potential Underperformance

Emerging market stocks have underperformed in recent years for a host of factors – such as the global pandemic, and military conflicts in Europe and the Middle East. So, it’s important to consider that these stocks could underperform domestic stocks in the future as well.

Correlations Might Be Changing

Some argue that emerging markets today have more correlation to other markets, so having exposure might simply expose someone to the risks and not the benefits.

High Volatility

Investors of all experience levels might want to steer away from the boom-and-bust nature of emerging markets. The process of evolving from an emerging market to a developed market is usually fraught with risk. In some areas, political turmoil might cascade into a full-blown economic recession.

Emerging market fixed-income investors can also suffer when high-risk currency values fall during such periods of volatility. Back in 1998, the “Asian Contagion” was an emerging markets-led debacle that caused a big decline in markets across the globe.

Uncertainty in China

China is now the biggest weighting in many emerging market indexes, up to one-third in some funds. That can be a lot in just one country, particularly in one as uncertain as China, given its one-party controlled economy.

Start Investing for Retirement With SoFi

Building a retirement portfolio often includes owning many areas of the global stock market. Emerging market investments can play a pivotal role to ensure your allocation has higher growth potential, but you must be mindful of the risks.

It’s possible to invest in emerging markets through a variety of means, including through a retirement account, such as an IRA. But keep the risks in mind, along with your overall investment goals and time horizon.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

FAQ

Is it worth investing in emerging markets?

Strong growth potential and diversification benefits are reasons to own emerging markets for your retirement portfolio. That said, emerging markets are a small part of the global stock market. A diversified retirement portfolio should include this slice of the market, but investors also must recognize the risks. There are periods during which emerging market investments can underperform the U.S. stock market.

What is the best emerging market to invest in?

When figuring out emerging markets, you might be curious which one is the best. It is hard to say there is one in particular. Emerging market risk can be high, so to help mitigate that, owning the entire basket can help ensure the benefits of diversification.

Should my entire retirement portfolio be in emerging markets?

Building a retirement portfolio with emerging markets is common but putting all your eggs in the emerging market basket might not be the wisest move. Young investors can perhaps own a larger weight in this volatile equity area, but older investors should think about winding down their emerging markets stock exposure as they near retirement.

Photo credit: iStock/Kateywhat

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SOIN-Q324-051

How to Roll Over Your 401(k): Knowing Your Options

401(k) Rollover Options

1. Roll Over Money to a New 401(k) Plan

Direct Rollover

Indirect Rollover

Pros and Cons of Rolling Over to a New 401(k)

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

2. Roll Over Your 401(k) to an IRA

Pros and Cons of Rolling Over to an IRA

3. Leave Your 401(k) With Your Former Employer

Pros and Cons of Leaving Your 401(k) Alone

4. Cash Out Your Old 401(k)

Pros and Cons of Cashing Out Your 401(k)

When Is a Good Time to Roll Over a 401(k)?

The Takeaway

FAQ

How can you roll over a 401(k)?

What options are available for rolling over a 401(k)?

The Ultimate Guide to SIMPLE IRAs for Employees and Small Businesses

What Is a SIMPLE IRA?

How Does a SIMPLE IRA Work?

Employee Eligibility

Employee Contribution Limits

Matching Contributions

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

SIMPLE IRA vs Traditional IRA

Contribution Limits

Tax Treatment

SIMPLE IRA vs 401(k)

How to Run a SIMPLE IRA Plan

Notice Requirements for Employees

Participant Loans and Withdrawals

Rollovers and Transfers to Other Retirement Accounts

The Advantages and Drawbacks of a SIMPLE IRA Plan

Eligibility and Participation in a SIMPLE IRA

Who Can Establish and Participate in a SIMPLE IRA?

Employees’ Eligibility and Participation Criteria

Investment Choices and Account Maintenance

Investment Choices for a SIMPLE IRA

Understanding SIMPLE IRA Distributions

Withdrawal Rules and Tax Consequences

The 2-Year Rule and Early Withdrawal Penalties

The Takeaway

What Is a Golden Cross Pattern in Stocks? How Do They Form?

How Do Golden Cross Patterns Form?

Finally, user-friendly options trading is here.*

Trade options with SoFi Invest on an easy-to-use, intuitively designed online platform.

3 Stages of a Golden Cross

What Does a Golden Cross Tell Traders?

How Does a Golden Cross Work?

Pros and Cons of Using the Golden Cross

Benefits of the Golden Cross

Drawbacks of the Golden Cross

How to Trade a Golden Cross

What Time Frame Is Best for a Golden Cross?

The Takeaway

5 Common Recession Fears and How to Cope

5 Common Recession Fears

1. What If This Recession Lasts for Many Years?

2. What If Unemployment Soars?

3. What If You Lose Your Savings?

4. What If You Can’t Cover All Your Bills?

5. What If Your Investments Lose Value?

The Takeaway

Guide to Investing in Emerging Markets

Understanding Emerging Markets

Why Invest in Emerging Markets?

Can You Build a Retirement Portfolio With Emerging Markets?

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

Pros of Investing in Emerging Markets

Opportunity to Generate Returns

Diversification Benefits

Cons of Investing in Emerging Markets

Potential Underperformance

Correlations Might Be Changing

High Volatility

Uncertainty in China

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.¹

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.¹

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.¹

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