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If you’re a Canadian age 18 or older, you may want to open a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA). Any income you earn on the funds you deposit into this tax-advantaged account is tax-free, even when it is withdrawn.

TFSAs can be opened at almost any major financial institution across Canada for those age 18 or older with a valid Social Insurance number, or SIN. They can be held in cash, mutual funds, government bonds, guaranteed investment accounts, and sometimes even publicly traded stocks.

In this guide, you’ll learn more about TFSAs, including:

•   What is a Tax-Free Savings Account?

•   How does a TFSA work?

•   How do you withdraw funds from a TFSA?

•   What are the pros and cons of TFSAs?

•   What are U.S. alternatives to TFSAs?

What Is a Tax-Free Savings Account?

TFSAs, or Tax-Free Savings Accounts, can be excellent tax-sheltered accounts that allow contributed funds to grow tax-free. That means no taxes on interest earnings, dividends, or capital gains. What’s more, funds can be withdrawn at any time without penalty for account holders. This is a key difference between TFSAs and retirement savings plans, which are designed to be held till a certain age.

If you compare a TFSA vs. RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan), you’ll see that a TFSA allows you to withdraw your contributions and any subsequent earnings over time, tax-free. With an RRSP, a certain percentage of any withdrawals taken out prior to retirement may be withheld.

To look at this from a different angle, any funds contributed into a TFSA can be withdrawn on demand and are not subject to taxation or penalty, as long as all contributions remain beneath your overall TFSA contribution limit. This can make them a smart tax shelter for both short-term and long-term financing needs.

How Do TFSA Contributions Work?

Here’s the scoop on how TFSAs work:

•   Tax-Free Savings Accounts allow you to contribute up to a certain dollar amount each year, which is set annually by the Canada Revenue Authority (CRA). As mentioned above, your funds within the TFSA can earn interest, dividends, and capital gains without being taxed. The 206 contribution limit for TFSAs is $7,000. This makes them excellent financial vehicles when it comes to the important goal of saving for the future.

•   TFSA limits accumulate and carry over every year. This means that your contribution limits (commonly referred to as your “contribution room”) will stack up annually. This holds true whether or not you’ve completed a Canadian income tax return or even have an existing account at the time. In other words, if this year’s contribution limit is $7,000 and you only contribute $4,000, next year you can save an extra $3,000 over the limit to catch up. So if the limit for the following year is $7,000, your contribution room will be $10,000 (adding the $7,000 and the additional $3,000).

•   In fact, you’re allowed to make retroactive contributions for all of the cumulative annual contribution limits dating back to 2009, or when you first turned 18, whichever was more recent.

•   Make sure you keep track of your overall contributions, as accidentally overcontributing to the account can result in tax penalties. According to the CRA, overcontributions are subject to a 1% penalty tax on the overcontribution amount each month until it’s withdrawn from the account.

Contributing to a TFSA

To contribute to a TFSA, you’ll want to first figure out what your current annual contribution limit is and then calculate how much additional contribution room you have from years past where you didn’t hit the limit. By the way, there’s no earned income requirement for contributing to a TFSA.

To help you calculate your total TFSA contribution limit, check this table below that outlines all of the annual contribution limits since the program was established in 2009. You’ll also find a cumulative contribution limit to help you back-date your permitted total contribution amount.

Year	Annual Limit	Total Accumulated Limit
2009	$5,000	$5,000
2010	$5,000	$10,000
2011	$5,000	$15,000
2012	$5,000	$20,000
2013	$5,500	$25,500
2014	$5,500	$31,000
2015	$10,000	$41,000
2016	$5,500	$46,500
2017	$5,500	$52,000
2018	$5,500	$57,500
2019	$6,000	$63,500
2020	$6,000	$69,500
2021	$6,000	$75,500
2022	$6,000	$81,500
2023	$6,500	$88,000
2024	$7,000	$95,000
2025	$7,000	$102,000
2026	$7,000	$109,000

If you turned 18 in 2009 or prior and begin making contributions in 2026, your total contribution room is $109,000. If you turned 18 after 2009 and are just starting to contribute this year, your contribution room will be the sum of the cumulative amounts for all years starting from when you first turned 18.

How to Withdraw Money From a TFSA

When thinking about different types of savings accounts, you may wonder how a TFSA stacks up in terms of how you can withdraw funds. One important point: You can withdraw both contributions and earnings from your TFSA at any time, without fear of tax penalty.

Withdrawals from a TFSA are only logged when you transfer or take savings out of your account. So if you convert your investments into cash and the money remains in your account, this won’t be counted as a withdrawal.

You can withdraw any amount up to the entire balance of your TFSA account. One of the best aspects of TFSA withdrawals is that the amount of any withdrawn contributions is automatically added back to your total TFSA contribution room for the following tax year.

However, if you reach your contribution limit in a given year, you won’t be able to make any additional contributions during that year, even if you decide to withdraw funds from the account. Contribution rooms are only recalculated after the beginning of the following year.

You can typically make withdrawals from your TFSA online; contact the financial institution where your TFSA is held for details.

Pros and Cons of a TFSA

Curious about the pluses and minuses of TFSAs? You’re in the right place.

Pros of a TFSA

Here are the main advantages of a TFSA:

•   Tax-exempt interest and investment earnings: TFSAs are excellent places to park excess savings to earn a higher rate of return without having to worry about taxes on interest and capital gains. These tax advantages can be a bonus vs. how savings accounts typically work.

•   Withdrawal and use flexibility: Unlike RRSPs which may incur a penalty when funds are withdrawn prior to retirement, TFSAs have no restriction on the use of the underlying funds.

•   Contribution limits rise annually and do not expire: This means that you won’t miss out on any opportunities to add to your TFSA, even if you don’t have any income to add to your account in the current year.

•   Wide range of permitted investments: Unlike what the name suggests, funds deposited in a TFSA can be invested in stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other investments as permitted by the issuing institution.(Remember, though, that these investments may not be insured.)

•   Some insurance coverage: Deposits held in cash or GICs are insured by CDIC (Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation) to a maximum of $100,000, which is separate from other holdings by the same customer at the same member institution.

Cons of a TFSA

Yes, there are some downsides to be aware of with TFSAs. Consider these three points:

•   Non-deductible contributions: All contributions to TFSAs are made on an after-tax basis. As a result, TFSA contributions can’t be used to reduce your taxable income.

•   Day trading is generally not permitted: The CRA discourages day trading in your TFSA account. Depending on the frequency and type of trading activities within your account, the agency may declare your investment returns to be taxable business income if you’ve failed to follow the rules.

•   Not bankruptcy-remote: Unlike RRSPs which are protected from creditors, TFSAs are subject to the whims of any creditors that may seek to pull your assets back in court. This means that the funds in TFSA are fair game in bankruptcies.

•   Not always insured: If your TFSA funds are held in the market, they will not be insured by CDIC.

Opening a TFSA in 5 Steps

You can open a TFSA at most major financial institutions in Canada. They’re available at banks, credit unions, and even insurance companies. Some offerings may differ slightly in terms of their permitted investments, so it pays to shop around for the one that best suits your financial goals. Here are the five typical steps to opening a TFSA:

1. Shop Around

Research a financial institution that offers TFSAs; make sure it fits your needs and investing style. The following are the types of TFSA accounts available:

a.    Deposit

b.    Annuity

c.    Trust arrangement

d.    Self-directed TFSA.

2. Apply for a TFSA

Once you’ve decided on the right TFSA, contact your chosen institution directly and apply for an account. You may choose to do this in person or online. In some cases, the choice will be yours; in others, the financial institution will dictate how to do so.

3. Gather Documentation

As part of the application process, the institution (issuer) will ask for some personal information. Make sure to have the following items available:

a.    Birthdate

b.    Social Insurance number (SIN)

c.    Government-issued ID

4. Register Your Account

After you’ve provided all the necessary documentation and are approved, your issuer will register the account as a qualifying arrangement with the CRA.

5. Move Funds Into Your Account

You can then set up funds transfers or direct deposits into your TFSA account whenever you’re ready.

Congratulations, you now have a newly formed TFSA!

Keep in mind that, while there are no restrictions on the number of Tax-Free Savings Accounts you can have, your total contribution limit will be shared across all your accounts. Additional TFSAs will not increase your total contribution room.

All contributions will be reported to the CRA by your issuing institution, so remember to keep track of your contributions to avoid running afoul of the tax rules.

Alternatives to TFSAs Available in the US

If you are a U.S. citizen and are looking for an account that is similar to a TFSA, consider these options:

Roth IRA

A Roth IRA is similar to a TFSA in that it is a tax-advantaged vehicle designed to help you save for the future. Contributions are made with after-tax dollars, but grow tax-free. In addition, withdrawals made after age 59 1/2 are not taxed.

Roth 401(k)

If you are employed full-time, your company might offer a Roth 401(k). This is a savings fund that uses after-tax dollars. When you withdraw from the account after age 59 1/2, the money is tax-free.

The Takeaway

Any Canadian who can afford to should consider taking advantage of a Tax-Free Savings Account. TFSAs are versatile tax-advantaged accounts that can be used for both short-term and long-term savings needs. They provide an excellent tax shelter for your investment earnings that can accumulate over time and be applied to a variety of needs. For those looking for a great savings vehicle, this could be it.

FAQ

Can you lose money in a Tax-Free Savings Account?

Yes, depending on the underlying investments, there’s a possibility that you may lose the principal on your investment. When the principal is invested in securities like stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, it is not covered by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC). However, any uninvested cash in your TFSA is insured for up to $100,000 under the CDIC.

How do tax-free savings work?

Interest, capital gains, and dividends earned in a Tax-Free Savings Account (TSFA) aren’t taxed as long as you adhere to guidelines set by the Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA). As long as you remain beneath the contribution limits and don’t run afoul of any TFSA rules, earnings from your TFSA account won’t be treated as income.

Keep in mind, there may be some exceptions. For example, dividends earned from U.S.-based equities may still be considered taxable income. You’ll want to thoroughly review and understand the investment guidelines set by the CRA when planning your portfolio.

Is a Tax-Free Savings Account worth it?

Depending on your particular situation and goals, it can indeed be worth it. Your interest, dividends, and capital gains will grow tax-exempt, and you won’t pay taxes on any withdrawals.

What does TFSA stand for?

The letters TFSA stand for tax-free savings account, which is used to refer to a savings vehicle available in Canada.

Are TFSAs available in the US?

TFSAs are not available in the U.S., only in Canada. However, there are other savings vehicles in the U.S. that may provide similar benefits.

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Photo credit: iStock/Vladimir Sukhachev

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Health savings accounts (HSAs) offer a tax-advantaged way to save for healthcare expenses. You may have access to an HSA if you have a high-deductible health plan at work or purchased an HDHP as a self-employed individual.

For those who have HSAs, it can be common to wonder just how much to contribute. Maxing out your annual contribution limit can help you get the most tax benefit from an HSA. However, your personal finances may not allow you to sock that much away. Here, important insights that can help you determine the right amount for your budget.

Understanding Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)

There are several types of medical expense accounts recognized by the IRS (Internal Revenue Service), including Health Savings Accounts. Several characteristics distinguish HSAs from other options, such as Flexible Spending Arrangements (FSAs), Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs), and Archer Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs).

The differences between an HSA vs. FSA, or an HSA vs. HRA lie in who can contribute, how much you can contribute, how your contributions grow, and what happens if you don’t spend down those contributions year-over-year. Here’s a closer look at what HSAs involve.

What Is an HSA?

The IRS defines an HSA as a tax-exempt trust or custodial account you set up with a qualified HSA trustee to pay or reimburse certain medical expenses you incur. To put it more simply, an HSA is a special type of savings account for those with HDHPs and is funded with pre-tax dollars that is designed to help you pay for healthcare.

Here are the main benefits of an HSA:

•   Contributions are tax-deductible, unlike money you put in a savings account.

•   Amounts contributed to an HSA grow tax-deferred.

•   Funds roll over from year to year, so you don’t have to “use it or lose it” in terms of funds that haven’t been spent at the end of the year.

•   Most HSAs include a debit card, similar to what you get with a checking account, that you can use to conveniently pay for healthcare expenses.

•   Withdrawals for qualified medical expenses are tax-free.

Once you turn 65, you can withdraw money from your HSA for any reason, healthcare-related or otherwise. You’ll pay ordinary income tax on withdrawals that are not for medical expenses.

IRS Publication 502 outlines which medical and dental expenses you can use HSA funds to cover. The list is extensive, though it excludes health insurance premiums.

Eligibility Requirements

There’s one simple eligibility requirement you’ll need to meet to contribute to an HSA. You must be enrolled in a high-deductible health plan.

These healthcare plans must, by law, set a minimum deductible and a maximum limit on out-of-pocket costs for covered individuals. Deductibles for HSA-eligible plans are typically much higher than standard health insurance plans, but you get the benefit of a tax-advantaged savings account built in.

Here are the most recent guidelines, according to the IRS:

•   In 2025, the minimum annual deductible for an HDHP was $1,650 for self-only coverage and $3,300 for family coverage.

•   For 2026, the minimum annual deductible for an HDHP is $1,700 for self-only coverage and $3,400 for family coverage.

Note that just because you have an HSA through your high-deductible health plan doesn’t mean you have to make contributions. But you could be missing out on some valuable tax breaks if you don’t contribute and instead just keep the cash in a bank account.

Recommended: Beginner’s Guide to Health Insurance

HSA Contribution Limits

Both employers and employees can contribute to an HSA, similar to the way your job might offer a company-matching contribution to your 401(k).

But that doesn’t mean the sky’s the limit. The IRS sets the annual contribution limits, adjusted for inflation. Your limit is determined by whether you have individual or family coverage.

Here are the HSA contribution limits for 2024:

•   Individual coverage: $4,300 maximum contribution

•   Family coverage: $8,550 maximum contribution

•   An additional $1,000 catch-up contribution is allowed if you’re aged 55 or older.

For 2026, the limits increase to:

•   Individual coverage: $4,400 maximum contribution

•   Family coverage: $8,750.

•   An additional $1,000 catch-up contribution is allowed if you’re aged 55 or older.

Contribution limits apply to both employer and employee contributions. So, if you have individual coverage and your employer contributes $1,150 to your HSA for the year, you could only contribute up to $3,250 in 2026.

Also, note that you cannot contribute to an HSA if you:

•   Have a flexible spending account (FSA) or

•   Are enrolled in Medicare or

•   Can be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s tax return1

To clarify, you can have an HSA before and after you enroll in Medicare. You just can’t make new contributions to it once you’re enrolled in Medicare.

Factors to Consider When Determining HSA Contributions

If you have an HSA, you may have questions about where it might fit into your larger financial plan. For example, you may be asking yourself:

•   How much should I put in my HSA if I’m still young and healthy?

•   What if I have an ongoing health condition or am concerned I might develop one later in life?

•   What amount should I save if I also want to contribute to my 401(k)?

•   Will employer contributions affect how much I should contribute to HSA?

•   Would saving in an HSA make a significant difference to my tax filing?

There’s no right or wrong answer for how much to contribute to HSA savings. It’s a personal decision that’s based on a variety of factors (as noted above), such as your plan coverage, age, financial situation, and anticipated healthcare needs. For instance, a healthy single 35-year-old with minimal family history of disease and an annual salary of $75,000 may opt to put less in an HSA than a married 45-year-old parent of three children, who has a family history of heart disease, and earns $175,000.

HSA tax benefits are a strong incentive to contribute something to your account, even if it’s not the full amount you’re eligible for each year. As your income grows, you could gradually increase contributions until you’re consistently maxing out your plan.

Strategies for Maximizing HSA Contributions

If you have an HSA, it helps to know how you can make the most of it. Here are some tips for making sure every penny you contribute counts.

•   Review your plan and IRS guidelines so you know your annual contribution limit.

•   Find out if your employer makes contributions on your behalf and if so, up to what amount.

•   Review your budget and other payroll deductions to determine how much you could contribute to your HSA per pay period.

•   Max out your annual contribution limit, if possible.

•   Take advantage of investment opportunities inside your HSA, which may include individual stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

•   Review your contributions and asset allocations in other tax-advantaged accounts you may have, such as a 401(k) or IRA, to make sure your holdings are well-balanced.

Here’s one more tip. If you have multiple HSAs from previous employers, consider consolidating them into a single account. That can simplify HSA management and you may be able to save on fees or unlock better investments.

HSA Contribution Scenarios

Here’s how you might handle HSA contributions through different life stages.

•   Young, healthy individuals: You might assume that if you’re young and in good health HSA contributions aren’t a must. But consider this: The earlier you begin making contributions, the longer your money has to grow through the power of compounding vs. simple interest.

•   Families with children: If you have kids, you understand the simple truth that they get sick. Sometimes they get hurt. And even if they stay healthy, they still need regular checkups with doctors and dentists. All of that costs money, and an HSA helps you plan for those expenses while enjoying a tax deduction for contributions.

•   Near retirees: As you approach retirement it’s important to think about how your healthcare needs might change. If you’ve faithfully made HSA contributions and invested them you can use those funds to offset any out-of-pocket healthcare expenses you’re responsible for that aren’t covered by Medicare. Using an HSA for retirement can help you avoid having to drain your 401(k), IRA, or other assets.

Calculating Your Ideal HSA Contribution

Online tools, such as savings account calculators, can make it easier to build your financial literacy and manage your money. The same holds true for deciding how much to put in HSA savings. For example, you can use an HSA calculator to estimate how much tax-deferred growth you could realize based on:

•   Coverage type

•   Average yearly contribution

•   Average annual medical expenses

•   Current tax bracket (federal and state)

•   Expected number of years you’ll make contributions

•   Expected rate of return

For example, if you have family coverage and contribute $8,000 a year for 30 years, earning a 5% annual return, your HSA would grow to more than $523,000 over those three decades. That assumes you spend $500 per year on medical expenses.

Playing with the numbers can give you a better idea of how much you could gain from contribution to an HSA.

Common Mistakes to Avoid with HSA Contributions

HSAs offer plenty of benefits, but only when they’re used correctly. Here are some of the most important missteps to avoid if you have access to a health savings account.

Treating an HSA like a savings account at your bank. If you have a high-yield savings account you could technically withdraw money for anything. The worst penalty you might face is an excess withdrawal fee. HSAs aren’t like that and if you’re under 65, you’ll need to stick to withdrawals for healthcare only if you want to dodge a tax penalty.

Not paying attention to employer contributions. If your employer contributes to your HSA, it’s important to know how much they put in. Otherwise, you could be at risk of making excess contributions if you go over the maximum annual limit allowed based on your coverage type. Excess contributions are subject to a 6% excise tax penalty each year they remain in your account.

Not contributing at all. Perhaps the biggest mistake with HSA contributions is not making them if you’re eligible to do so. If you have an HSA at work, it’s an employee benefit, and it makes sense to use all such privileges and perks granted to you. So you might want to go ahead and set up an HSA account and add some funds.

The Takeaway

If you have a high-deductible health plan, it can be wise to consider setting up an HSA. Even if you don’t fully max out your contributions to start, every dollar you contribute and invest can benefit from compounding interest. Over time, your HSA grows in a tax-advantaged way, and those funds come in handy when you need to pay for healthcare spending.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What happens to unused HSA funds at the end of the year?

Unused HSA funds are not use-it-or-lose-it. If you have funds remaining in your account at the end of the year, they roll over and remain in your HSA until you spend them. That’s a major difference vs. FSAs, which require you to spend down contributions each year or forfeit them.

Can I contribute to an HSA if I’m self-employed?

You can contribute to an HSA if you’re self-employed provided you have a high-deductible health plan. That’s the only requirement to save in one of these accounts; you’re not limited based on your tax-filing status or income. You are, however, excluded if you have an FSA, are enrolled in Medicare or can be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s tax return.

How do HSA contributions affect my taxable income?

HSA contributions reduce your taxable income for the year, similar to the way that 401(k) contributions do. That means you get an instant tax break when you make contributions, even if you don’t plan to use any of your HSA funds right away.

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SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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Both TFSAs and RRSPs are accounts that provide Canadian consumers with a chance to save while enjoying investment earnings and unique tax benefits. While a TFSA acts as a more general savings account, an RRSP is used for retirement savings.

Saving is never a bad idea, so here you can learn the difference between these accounts and how they can play a role in securing your financial future.

Keep reading for a more detailed breakdown of a TFSA vs. RRSP so you can make the right financial move for your needs.

What Is the TFSA?

A Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA) is a type of registered tax-advantaged savings account to help Canadians earn money on their savings — tax-free. TFSA accounts were created in 2009 by the Canadian government to encourage eligible citizens to contribute to this type of savings account.

Essentially, a TFSA holds qualified investments that can generate capital gains, interest, and dividends, and they’re tax-free. These accounts can be used to build an emergency fund, to save for a down payment on a home, or even to finance a dream vacation.

A TFSA can contain the following types of investments:

•   Cash

•   Stocks

•   Bonds

•   Mutual funds

It’s possible to withdraw the contributions and earnings generated from dividends, interest, and capital gains without having to pay any taxes. Accountholders don’t even have to report withdrawals as income when it’s time to file taxes.

There is a limit to how much someone can contribute to a TFSA on an annual basis. This limit is referred to as a contribution limit, and every year the Canadian government determines what the contribution limit for that year is. If someone doesn’t meet the contribution limit one year, their remaining allowed contributions can be made up for in following years.

To contribute to a TFSA, an individual must be at least 18 years of age and be a Canadian resident with a valid Social Insurance Number (SIN).

What Is the RRSP?

A Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) is, as the name indicates, a type of savings plan specifically designed to help boost retirement savings. To obtain one, a Canadian citizen must register with the Canadian federal government for this financial product and can then start saving.

When someone contributes to an RRSP, their contributions are considered to be tax-advantaged. What this means: The funds they contribute to their RRSP are exempt from being taxed the year they make the contribution (which can reduce the total amount of taxes they need to pay for that year). On top of that, the investment income these contributions generate will grow tax-deferred. This means the account holder won’t pay any taxes on the earnings until they withdraw them.

Unlike a TFSA, there isn’t a minimum age requirement to open and contribute to an RRSP. That being said, certain financial institutions may require their customers to be the age of majority in order to contribute. It’s possible to contribute to an RRSP until the year the account holder turns 71 as long as they are a Canadian resident, earned an income, and filed a tax return.

Keep reading for a TFSA vs. RRSP comparison.

Similarities Between a TFSA and an RRSP

How does a TFSA vs. RRSP compare? There are a few similarities between TFSAs and RRSPs that are worth highlighting. Here are the main ways in which they are the same:

•   Only Canadians citizens can contribute

•   Contributions can help reach savings goals

•   Investments can be held in each account type

•   Both accounts offer tax advantages.

Differences Between a TFSA and RRSP

Next, let’s answer this question: What is the difference between an RRSP and a TFSA? Despite the fact that both an RRSP and a TFSA share similar goals (saving money and earning interest on it) and advantages (tax benefits), they have some key differences to be aware of.

•   Intended use. RRSPs are for retirement savings whereas TFSAs can be used to save for any purpose.

•   Age eligibility. To contribute to a TFSA one must be 18 years old, but there isn’t an age requirement to open an RRSP.

•   Contribution limit. The limits are usually set annually and are different for TFSAs and RRSPs. The contribution limit or an RRSP is the lesser of either 18% of earned income reported on an individual’s tax return for the previous year or the contribution limit, which is $32,490 Canadian for 2025 and $33,810 Canadian for 2026. The limit for a TFSA is $7,000 Canadian for 2025 and 2026.

•   Taxation on withdrawals. While RRSP withdrawals are taxable (but subject to certain exceptions), TFSA withdrawals can be made at any time tax-free.

•   Taxation on contributions. Contributions made to a TFSA aren’t tax-deductible, but RRSP contributions are.

•   Plan maturity. An RRSP matures at the end of the calendar year that the account holder turns 71. TFSAs don’t have age limits for account maturity.

•   Spousal contributions. There is no form of spousal TFSA available, but someone can contribute to a spousal RRSP.

How Do I Choose Between a TFSA and RRSP?

Choosing between a TFSA and an RRSP depends on someone’s unique savings goals and tax preferences. That being said, if someone’s main goal is saving for retirement, they’ll likely find that an RRSP is the right fit for them. When someone contributes to an RRSP, they can defer paying taxes during their peak earning years. Once they retire and make withdrawals (which they will need to pay taxes on), they will ideally have a lower income (and be in a lower tax bracket) and smaller tax liabilities at that point in their life.

If someone wants to be able to use their savings for a variety of different purposes (perhaps including a medium-term goal like the amount needed for a down payment on a home), they may find that a TFSA offers them more flexibility.
That said, there’s no reason TFSA savings can’t be used for retirement later on. Contributing to a TFSA is a great option for someone who has already maxed out their RRSP contributions for the year, but who wants to continue saving and enjoying tax benefits.

Recommended: What Tax Bracket Do I Fall Under?

Can I Have Both a TFSA and RRSP?

It is indeed possible to have both an RRSP and TFSA and to contribute to them at the same time. Putting money into both of these financial vehicles can be a great way to save. There are no downsides associated with contributing to both an RRSP and TFSA at the same time if a person can afford to do so.

Can I Have Multiple RRSP and TFSA Accounts?

Yes, it’s possible to have more than one TFSA and RRSP open at the same time, but there’s no real benefit here. The same contribution limits apply.

That means that opening more than one version of the same account or plan only leads to having more accounts to manage and incurring more administration and management fees. Just as you don’t want to pay fees on your checking account and other bank accounts, you probably don’t want to burn through cash on fees here.

Should I Prioritize One Over the Other?

Which type of account someone should prioritize depends on their savings goals. Their preferences regarding the unique tax advantages of each account may also come into play. That being said, if someone is focused on saving for retirement, they’ll likely want to make sure they max out their RRSP contributions first.

The Takeaway

Both RRSP and TFSA accounts are great ways for Canadian citizens to save for financial goals like retiring or financing a wedding. Each account has unique advantages and contribution limits. While an RRSP account is designed to help with stashing away cash for retirement, a TFSA account can be used to save for any type of financial need. Whether you choose one or both of these products, you’ll be on a path towards saving and helping to secure your financial future.

FAQ

Is it better to invest in TFSA or RRSP?

When it comes to TFSA vs. RRSP, there’s no right answer to whether investing in one is better than the other. Someone focused on saving for retirement may want to prioritize an RRSP, while someone who wants to save for other expenses (like a home or wedding) may find a TFSA more appealing.

Should I max out RRSP or TFSA first?

If someone is focused on saving for retirement, they may want to max out their RRSP first. That being said, this is a personal decision that depends on unique financial goals and tax preferences.

When should you contribute to RRSP vs TFSA?

Typically, the contribution deadline for RRSPs is around March 1st. A Canadian citizen can put funds in a TFSA at any point in a calendar year, and if they don’t max out their account, they will usually be able to contribute the remaining amount in the future.

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SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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A Health Savings Account (HSA) can be set up in three simple steps, and once it’s up and running, it can help you bridge the gap between what your health insurance covers and your actual costs, among other benefits.

Let’s face it: Many of us these days select a High Deductible Health Plan, or HDHP, when it comes to health insurance. That means you may be paying a lower monthly premium in exchange for a high deductible. You could potentially get hit with a lot of unforeseen healthcare expenses before your benefits kick in. And even after you meet that deductible, you may have charges that are not reimbursed. A Health Savings Account (HSA) can help you set money aside to fill that gap.

Setting up an HSA may sound intimidating, as if you’ll have to fill out reams of paperwork, but that’s not at all the case! Whether through an employer or on your own, once you’re ready to start saving, the steps to opening an HSA account can be as simple as filling out an online form with basic information — easy peasy.

Here’s a look at the steps involved, plus a few important considerations before you take the leap.

What Is a Health Savings Account (HSA)?

The HSA is over 20 years old. In 2003, Congress passed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act which created the Health Savings Account. These accounts were meant to help people with high deductible health plans set aside money to pay for out-of-pocket medical expenses: copays, dental care, eyeglasses, prescriptions, psychiatric help, and more. This can happen both before and after you reach your deductible.

In addition to covering health costs, these tax-free accounts can lower your amount of federal income tax owed. What’s more, HSAs can help with saving for retirement and unforeseen emergencies.

How Does an HSA Work?

A Health Savings Account can work just like a checking account. You can make deposits (or contributions), pay bills online, make transfers, and even pay for qualified medical expenses with an HSA debit card. You are free to withdraw HSA funds at any time to pay for health costs not covered by your high deductible health plan. One big note: Once you enroll in Medicare, you can no longer contribute to an HSA.

Deposits can also be contributed by your employer, with direct deposits made into your HSA straight from payroll. A nice aspect of these plans: Health Savings Account contributions roll over every year, so you don’t have to race to spend the pre-tax funds in your account. If you stay healthy, you can build up your emergency fund as well as your retirement nest egg. Your good health can lead to wealth down the line!

Who Can Open an HSA?

According to Federal Guidelines, you qualify to open a Health Savings Account if you:

•   Are covered under a high deductible health plan, or HDHP.

•   Are not covered by any other health plan, including a spouse’s.

•   Are not claimed as a dependent on someone else’s tax return.

•   Are not enrolled in a disqualifying alternate medical savings account, such as an FSA (Flexible Spending Account) or an MSA (a Medicare medical savings account).

•   Are not currently enrolled in Medicare.

How to Set Up a Health Savings Account

Once you’ve established that the pros outweigh the cons, you may wonder exactly how to set up a Health Savings Account (HSA). Fortunately, the process is pretty straightforward:

Step 1: Research Your HSA Options

If an HSA plan is offered directly through your employer, go to Step Two.
If you’re self-employed, investigate HSA options online, or reach out to banks or other financial entities.

Step 2: Fill Out the Necessary Paperwork

The set-up for an HSA is not unlike opening a bank account. You’ll be provided with paperwork or an online form, where you’ll give basic information such as your Social Security Number and proof of your identity (typically verified by a government-issued photo ID).

Step 3: Complete Verification

Be prepared to offer verification of your high deductible health plan (HDHP).

That’s it! It’s a quick and simple process to set up a Health Savings Account.

Once your HSA is up and running, you may be able to opt for automatic regular deposits from your bank account or straight from your paycheck. There is no minimum amount required to open an HSA, but you typically need at least $1,000 in the account in order to invest in certain mutual funds.

HSA Contribution Limits

For tax year 2025, HSA contribution limits are $4,300 for individuals and $8,550 for families with HDHP coverage. For 2026, HSA contribution limits are $4,400 for individuals and $8,750 for families. Those 55 and older can contribute an additional $1,000 as a catch-up contribution in either tax year. There is never a minimum requirement for deposits. Some ground rules to be aware of:

•  You are covered under a high deductible health plan (HDHP), described later, on the first day of the month.

•  You have no supplemental health coverage except what is permitted under other health coverage.

•  You aren’t enrolled in Medicare.

•  You can’t be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s tax return.

Advantages of an HSA

There are many benefits to opening an HSA. Sure, it can provide a cushion or safety net when it comes to out-of-pocket medical costs. But there are other perks beyond covering the price of a new pair of glasses.

Covering Expenses for You and Your Family

From ambulances to acupuncture, a Health Savings Account can cover the costs your HDHP doesn’t. The IRS has an extensive listof ways you can use your HSA funds. One example: Did you know you can also use your Health Savings Account to pay for medical expenses for a spouse or a child — anyone who is part of your tax household — even if they aren’t on your HDHP? It’s true!

Lowering Taxable Income

Here’s another bonus to having this kind of account: Your HSA contributions are made before taxes are deducted, thereby lowering your taxable income. As a result, you may pay less in taxes.

Rollover Contributions

There’s no “use-it-or-lose it” pressure when you have a Health Savings Account. Unused HSA funds don’t disappear at the end of the year. You can roll them over again and again, accumulating tax-free interest. Those earnings can turn into savings to be invested in the future or used for life’s little surprises — say, a chipped tooth.

Saving for Retirement

At age 65, you can start using the funds in your Health Savings Account for anything, without penalty. Withdrawals will be taxed the same as they would from a 401(k) or IRA, but any funds waiting for use will avoid taxes while earning interest.

Additionally, if you are lucky enough to be able to max out your annual IRA and/or 401(k) contributions, an HSA is another way to save more tax-free money toward retirement. Beyond covering copays, an HSA is a great way to get your money working for you.

Disadvantages of an HSA

Okay, now you know the upside of opening an HSA. But there are potential downsides that are worth knowing about and considering before you sign up.

Penalties for Unqualified Expenses

Until you turn 65, HSA funds cannot be used for anything but eligible medical expenses. To do so would subject withdrawals to income taxes and a 20% penalty.

Monthly Fees

Health Saving Account providers may charge a monthly fee. These fees generally tend to be lower than $5 bucks per month, but they do add up. While there are providers out there that don’t charge account management fees, all will assess an investment fee. Do your homework to find the vehicle with the lowest fees.

Potential Losses

Like an IRA or 401(k), any invested money in an HSA can mean monetary gains and losses. As with any investment account, you need to be prepared for your HSA balance to dip if the market trends downward.

Keeping Tabs for Your Tax Records

HSA contributions and expenditures must be reported on your tax return. It may not be a deal-breaker, but for some people, keeping records of your HSA activity can be a nuisance.

HSA Advantages vs. Disadvantages

Pros	Cons
•   Covers an extensive list of out-of-pocket health expenses •   Can be used for family members •   Lowers taxable income and therefore may decrease your taxes •   Contributions roll over to the next year •   Promotes tax-free savings for retirement	•   Penalties for nonqualified expenses •   Unexpected and potentially hidden fees •   Account balance can fluctuate with the marketplace •   Activity must be reported on your tax return

Things to Consider When Choosing an HSA

If your job offers a Health Saving Plans, great! They’ve done the research for you. Employers may also offer Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs). But unlike FSAs, which are owned by an employer and can be inflexible, a Health Savings Account has higher contribution limits and is controlled by you.

If you are self-employed, do your research. You’ll find an array of Health Savings Plans to choose among; HSA comparison websites can help you navigate the search. Remember to pay attention to any monthly/annual fees so you know exactly what to expect. Ideally, you’ll want an HSA that makes it easy to manage your account online. Many banks and credit unions offer HSAs, so check with your financial institution.

The Takeaway

Once you’ve made the decision to enroll in a Health Savings Account, the steps to set it up are relatively painless. You can start using your HSA funds right away to help cover qualified health-related costs. Contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, don’t need to be used up by the end of the year, and can potentially even help boost your retirement fund. A Health Savings Account goes beyond just covering your healthcare expenses and can serve as one of the best tax-advantaged savings vehicles available. It can enhance your sense of security and keep your wealth growing.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

How do I set up an HSA account?

With a valid government-issued photo ID, Social Security number, and proof of your HDHP, you can fill out a basic paper or online HSA form, provided by an employer or financial institution.

Can I start an HSA on my own?

Yes. As long as you are enrolled in an HDHP and not covered under someone else’s policy, you can start an HSA.

How much does it cost to open an HSA?

The initial sign-up is free, and there is no minimum deposit amount to start. But expect investment fees and possibly monthly management fees.

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Photo credit: iStock/AndreyPopov

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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An ABLE account — short for Achieving a Better Life Experience — is a tax-advantaged savings vehicle that’s designed for eligible people with disabilities. Designated beneficiaries can use an ABLE savings account to set aside money to pay for qualified disability-related expenses.

An ABLE savings account can offer substantial tax benefits for qualified individuals, as contributions grow tax deferred and qualified withdrawals are also tax free. Also referred to as a 529 A account (owing to its similarity to a 529 college savings plan), the ABLE account is designed to make saving and investing more advantageous for people with disabilities and their families.

What Is an ABLE Account?

An ABLE account is a tax-advantaged savings account for people with disabilities and their families. ABLE savings accounts allow people to pay for qualified disability expenses (QDEs) without impacting their ability to qualify for Medicaid or other government assistance programs.

The Achieving a Better Life Experience Act became law in December 2014. The intention behind the ABLE Act and the creation of ABLE accounts was to ease financial stress associated with paying for many of the QDEs associated with different disabilities. Qualified expenses include: housing, education, assistive technologies, specially equipped vehicles, and even food.

Under the ABLE Act, states have the authority to establish an ABLE disability account program. As of June 2022, all 50 states offer at least one ABLE savings account program, according to the ABLE National Resource Center. However, plans are currently inactive in Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know online banking can help you get paid sooner? Feel the magic of payday up to two days earlier when you set up direct deposit with SoFi.^

How Do ABLE Accounts Work?

An ABLE account is a type of tax-deferred savings account similar to a 529 college savings plan. These accounts work by allowing designated beneficiaries to contribute money, up to prescribed limits.

The money can come from various sources, including individual or corporate contributions, or a trust. The money in an ABLE savings account does not affect your eligibility for other government benefits.

Also like a 529 plan, the money grows on a tax-deferred basis and can be withdrawn tax free when it’s used to pay for qualified disability expenses. Broadly speaking, QDEs are any expenses a person with disability pays in order to maintain their health, independence, and quality of life.

However, withdrawals from an ABLE savings account for non-qualified expenses can result in those distributions being subject to tax. Using money in an ABLE disability account for non-qualified expenses could also affect eligibility for government assistance.

Benefits of an ABLE Account

Generally speaking, ABLE savings accounts are designed to make paying for certain expenses easier for people with disabilities. Here are some of the main advantages of opening an ABLE savings account.

Tax-Deferred Growth and Tax-Free Withdrawals

One of the main draws of ABLE accounts is their tax-advantaged status. The money that goes into an ABLE account can be invested and allowed to grow on a tax-deferred basis. As long as distributions are used to pay for QDEs, withdrawals are always 100% tax-free.

ABLE accounts have an edge over savings accounts, since designated beneficiaries can invest their money in the market. That means they have an opportunity to grow their savings through the power of compound interest.

Flexibility

The ABLE account allows for flexibility, since the money can be used to pay for a wide range of disability-related costs. With a traditional 529 plan, savers are limited to using funds to pay for education-related expenses. The ABLE savings account allows designated beneficiaries (i.e. the disabled individual or family member) to use the money for the categories noted above — housing, transportation, technology, food, etc. — as well as employment training, health and wellness costs, legal and administrative fees, and more.

Friends, family members, and others can contribute to ABLE accounts on behalf of the designated beneficiary, up to the annual limit. For 2025, the annual contribution limit, including rollovers from 529 plans, is $19,000; for 2026, the annual limit is $20,000.

And beneficiaries don’t have to worry about those contributions affecting their ability to qualify for Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), or other forms of government aid, assuming they’re within certain limits. To learn more about who can make qualified contributions, check the ABLE website, or consult the ABLE program in your state.

One further note: In addition, a U.S.-resident ABLE account owner who doesn’t participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan can contribute up to an additional $15,060 from their earnings into their ABLE account in 2025. The amount that can be added to the account is higher for residents of Alaska at $18,810 and Hawaii at $17,310. In 2026, a U.S.-resident ABLE account owner who doesn’t participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan can contribute up to an additional $15,650. The amount that can be added to the account is higher for residents of Alaska at $19,550 and Hawaii at $17,990. (More details on this below.)

Financial Autonomy

ABLE accounts afford designated beneficiaries with a measure of financial independence, since they can set up an ABLE account themselves and make contributions on their own behalf. Individuals can also manage the account, and decide how to invest their savings and when to take qualified distributions for eligible expenses.

An ABLE account can give a person with disabilities more control than something like a special needs trust, a type of trust fund. In a special needs trust, the trust grantor sets aside assets for a disabled beneficiary but that beneficiary doesn’t have a say in how the money can be used.

Drawbacks of an ABLE Account

While ABLE accounts have some positives, they’re not necessarily right for everyone who has a disability. Here are some of the potential drawbacks to consider when deciding whether to open an ABLE account.

Non-Deductible Contributions

Contributions to an ABLE savings account do not offer a tax break in the form of a deduction. (This is also true of some state 529 plans.) So even if you fully fund an ABLE account up to the annual limit each year, you can’t use those contributions as tax deductions.

Age Restrictions

An ABLE account can only be established for someone who has a blindness or disability that began before age 26. So someone who becomes disabled at age 27 or later would not be able to open an ABLE disability account.

The age requirement puts this type of special needs savings account out of reach for some individuals, though they could still be named the beneficiary of a special needs trust.

Worth knowing: There’s legislation afoot to raise the age of eligibility to “before 46” versus “before 26” in 2026.

Means Testing

Money held in an ABLE account is subject to means testing for the purposes of qualifying for Supplemental Security Income and Medicaid. The first $100,000 in ABLE account assets is disregarded for SSI but going over that limit can result in a suspension of your benefit payments.

The $100,000 account balance threshold doesn’t affect Medicaid eligibility. But if a designated beneficiary passes away with money remaining in their ABLE account, the state can lay claim to those assets in order to recoup any Medicaid benefits that were received.

Opening an ABLE Account

People with disabilities can open an ABLE account in any state, as long as that state’s plan is open for enrollment. The ABLE National Resource Center maintains a map with details for each state’s program, including whether out-of-state residents are accepted.

Once you find an eligible program, you can open an ABLE account online. There’s some basic information you’ll need to provide, including:

•   Your name

•   Date of birth

•   Social Security number

•   Bank account number

Parents can open an ABLE account on behalf of a minor child with disabilities. You also have to meet the definition of a designated beneficiary. In New York, for example, you must be able to show that one of the following is true:

•   You’ve been classified as blind as defined in the Social Security Act

•   You’re entitled to SSI or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) due to a disability

•   You have a disability that’s included on the Social Security Administration’s List of Compassionate Allowances Conditions

•   You have a written diagnosis from a licensed physician documenting a physical or mental impairment which severely limits function, and is expected to last at least one year, or can cause death

Similar to opening a bank account, there may also be a low minimum deposit requirement to open an ABLE account.

Requirements of an ABLE Account

There are certain requirements that must be met in order to open an ABLE account. Generally, you’re eligible for one of these accounts if you:

•   Become eligible for Supplemental Security Income based on disability or blindness that began before age 26; or

•   Are entitled to disability insurance benefits, childhood disability benefits, or disabled widow’s or widower’s benefits based on a disability or blindness that began before age 26; or

•   Certify that you have a medical impairment resulting in blindness or disability that began before age 26.

Again, age and disability status are the most important requirements for ABLE savings accounts. You can open an ABLE account in your home state or in another state, if that state’s program allows non-residents to enroll. It’s important to note, however, that you can only have one ABLE account in your name.

How Much Can You Contribute to an ABLE Account?

The annual contribution limit is typically pegged to the gift tax exclusion limit each year, which is $19,000 for 2025. But in 2026, the limit increases to $20,000. Eligible designated beneficiaries can, however, contribute additional money if they’re employed and do not participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan for the year.

The IRS limits those contributions to an amount up to the lesser of:

•   The designated beneficiary’s compensation for the year, OR

•   The poverty line amount for a one-person household as established by the Community Services Block Grant Act

For 2025, the allowable amount for persons with disabilities in the continental United States is up to $15,060. The limit for residents of Alaska $18,810 and Hawaii at $17,310. For 2026, the allowable amount for persons with disabilities in the continental United States is up to $15,650. The limit for residents of Alaska $19,950 and Hawaii at $17,990.

Funds from a 529 college savings account can be rolled into an ABLE account. Any rollovers count toward the annual contribution limit. So if $6,000 have been contributed to the plan for the year already, in theory you could rollover up to $13,000 into an ABLE account from a 529 savings account for 2025, and up to $14,000 in 2026.

How Can You Use ABLE Money?

As discussed earlier, money in an ABLE savings account can be used to pay for qualified disability expenses. That means expenses that are paid by or for the designated beneficiary and are related to their disability.

Examples of things you can use ABLE money for include such living expenses and other costs as:

•   Education

•   Housing expenses

•   Food

•   Transportation

•   Employment and career training and support

•   Assistance technology and related services

•   Health care

•   Prevention and wellness

•   Financial management and administrative services

•   Legal expenses

•   Funeral and burial expenses

•   Day-to-day living expenses

The IRS can perform audits to ensure that ABLE account funds are only being used for qualified disability expenses. So designated beneficiaries may want to keep a detailed record of withdrawal and how those funds are used, including copies of receipts.

ABLE Accounts vs Special Needs Trusts

A special needs trust (SNT) is another option for setting aside money for disability expenses. In a special needs trust, the beneficiary does not own any of the trust assets but the money in the trust can be used on their behalf. A trustee manages trust assets according to the direction of the trust grantor.

Here’s how ABLE accounts and special needs trusts compare at a glance. You may benefit from consulting a tax professional to understand when and how income from an SNT may be taxed.

	ABLE Account	Special Needs Trust
Tax Treatment	Growth is tax-deferred and qualified withdrawals are tax-free; there is no tax deduction for contributions.	Income generated by the trust (i.e. withdrawals) is generally taxable to the beneficiary during their lifetime.
Control	Designated beneficiaries can control how assets in their account are managed.	The trustee manages the trust on behalf of the beneficiary, according to the wishes of the grantor.
Contribution Limits	Contribution limits correspond to annual gift tax exclusion limits.	No limit on contributions, though the gift tax may apply to contributions over the exclusion limit.
Medicaid/SSI Impact	Up to the first $100,000 in assets is not counted for SSI purposes; balances are not counted for Medicaid eligibility.	Assets are not counted toward Medicaid or SSI eligibility.
Use of Funds	Funds can be withdrawn tax-free to pay for qualified disability expenses.	Funds can be withdrawn for any purpose, though they’re typically used for disability expenses. The beneficiary may owe taxes.
Age Requirement	Disability must have occured before age 26.	Beneficiaries must be under age 65 when the trust is created.

Alternatives to ABLE Accounts

If you don’t qualify for an ABLE account or you’re looking for ways to save on behalf of a disabled child or dependent, there are other accounts you might consider. Here are some options to weigh when looking for alternatives to ABLE accounts.

Special Needs Trust

As mentioned, an SNT can also be used to pay for disability-related expenses. Establishing a trust can be a little more involved than opening an ABLE account, since you’ll need to create the trust on paper, name a trustee, and fund it with assets. But doing so could make sense if you care for a disabled child or dependent and you want to ensure that they’ll be taken care of should something happen to you.

529 College Savings Account

A 529 college savings account is designed to help parents and other individuals save money for education while enjoying some tax benefits. Contributions can be made on behalf of a beneficiary with disabilities. That money can grow tax-deferred, then be withdrawn tax-free to pay for qualified education expenses.

You might open a 529 college savings account for yourself or your child to help them pay for school without incurring student debt.

Bank Accounts

Opening one or more bank accounts is another way to set aside money to pay for disability expenses. Bank accounts won’t yield any tax breaks but they can allow for convenience and accessibility.

•   Opening deposits: Brick-and-mortar banks might require an opening deposit of anywhere from $5 to $100 while online banks might allow you to open a checking or savings account with as little as $1 or even $0, with funds to be deposited in the future.

•   You’ll need government-issued ID, like a driver’s license, to open an account.

•   So how long does it take to open a bank account? Not long, if you’re doing it online. Typically, when you have your basic forms of ID ready, the time it takes to open an online account is minimal.

•   When can you create a bank account online? The simple answer is when you’re old enough to do so. Keep in mind that the legal age to open a bank account in your name is typically 18 so if you’re underage, you may need your parents to open the account for you.

•   Online banks and traditional banks can offer a variety of account options. Student checking and savings accounts, for example, are designed for younger teens. Older teens who are headed off to university might be interested in opening a bank account for college students.

Banks can also offer certificate of deposit (CD) accounts and money market accounts.

If you’re wondering whether you can open a bank account with no ID, the answer is no. You’ll need some form of personal identification, such as a government-issued ID, in order to open a bank account online or at a brick-and-mortar bank.

The Takeaway

An ABLE account can make it easier for someone with disabilities to meet their needs while maintaining control over their finances. With an ABLE account, the money that’s contributed grows tax-free and can be withdrawn tax free to pay for qualified expenses relating to the care of a disabled person. Another benefit: Those qualified expenses aren’t limited to health care. The range of expenses include housing, food, transportation, employment — as well as health and wellness and preventive care.

In addition, you may want to consider other options, such as online bank accounts, for growing your savings.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What is considered an ABLE account?

An ABLE account is a tax-advantaged account that’s administered through a state program for the purposes of helping persons with disabilities to save and invest money. An ABLE account’s tax status sets it apart from bank accounts, college savings accounts, or Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). You can sign up with your state program.

Should you have both an ABLE account and a special needs trust?

It’s possible to have both if that’s desired. An ABLE account can be managed by its designated beneficiary, allowing them control over their finances. Special needs trusts are managed by a trustee on behalf of the beneficiary, meaning they cannot direct how the money is spent. Having both an ABLE account and a special needs trust can help to ensure that someone with disabilities is taken care of financially while allowing them a measure of independence.

Is a Roth IRA an ABLE account?

No. A Roth IRA is a tax-advantaged account that’s used for retirement savings. Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars and qualified distributions are tax-free. They’re not limited to persons with disabilities while an ABLE account is designed to be used specifically for qualified disability expenses.

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SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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