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Bank guarantees are often used in real estate contracts and infrastructure projects, while letters of credit are primarily used in global transactions. But a bank guarantee and a letter of credit are quite similar.

With both instruments, the issuing bank accepts a customer’s liability if the customer defaults on the money it owes, and they both, effectively, are a show of good faith from a lending institution that ensures the bank will step up if a debtor can’t cover a debt.

What Is a Bank Guarantee?

Bank guarantees represent a more significant contractual obligation for banks than letters of credit do. With a guarantee, the seller’s claim goes first to the buyer, and if the buyer defaults, then the claim goes to the bank.

Bank guarantees serve a key purpose for businesses. The bank, through their due diligence of the applicant, provides credibility to them as a viable business partner in a particular business dealing. In essence, the bank puts its seal of approval on the applicant’s creditworthiness, co-signing on behalf of the applicant as it relates to the specific contract the two external parties are undertaking.

A bank guarantee is an assurance from a bank regarding a contract between a buyer and a seller. Essentially, the bank guarantee acts as a risk management tool. A bank guarantee provides support and assurance to the beneficiary of the payment, as the bank guarantee means that the bank is assuming liability for completion of the contract.

This means that if the buyer defaults on their debt or obligation, the bank makes sure the beneficiary receives their payment.

Any business may benefit from a bank guarantee, but especially small businesses that would be more affected if a payment from a business partner or customer falls through.

Bank guarantees only apply to a certain monetary amount and last for a set period of time. There will be a contract in place that dictates in which scenarios and at what point in time the guarantee is applicable.

Before taking on a bank guarantee, the bank does research on the applicant to make sure they are credible and will act as a reliable business partner. In a way, a bank guarantee serves as a seal of approval as the bank has good reason (they’re on the hook for the money) to only accept creditworthy applicants.

Types of Bank Guarantees

There are a few different types of bank agreements, here’s a closer look at the main ones.

Financial Bank Guarantee

With a financial bank guarantee the bank guarantees that the buyer repays all debts they owe to the seller and if they fail to pay those various types of debts, the bank has to assume responsibility for the money owed. The buyer will need to pay a small initial fee when the guarantee is issued.

Performance-Based Bank Guarantee

When it comes to a performance-based guarantee, the beneficiary has the right to seek reparations from the bank if contractual obligations aren’t met due to non-performance. If the counterparty doesn’t deliver on promised services, then the beneficiary will have the choice to claim resulting losses caused by the lack of performance.

Foreign Bank Guarantee

Foreign bank guarantees can apply to unique scenarios such as international export situations. In this case, there may be a fourth party involved — a correspondent bank operating where the beneficiary resides.

What Is a Letter of Credit?

A letter of credit (sometimes referred to as a credit letter) is a document provided by a financial institution such as a bank or credit union that guarantees a payment will be made during a business transaction. The bank acts as an impartial third party throughout the transaction.

When the bank issues a letter of credit, they are assuring that the purchaser will in fact pay for any goods or services on time and in full. If the buyer doesn’t make their payment on time and in full, the bank that issued the letter of credit will guarantee that they will make the payment instead. The bank will cover any remaining overdue balance as long as it doesn’t surpass the full purchase amount.

Letters of credit are commonly used in international trade (but can be used domestically as well) where, understandably, companies require more certainty when making deals across borders. A letter of credit can provide security and confidence to importers and exporters since they know the issuing bank guarantees the payment.

Applicants for letters of credit need to work with a lender in order to secure this backing. The applicant will need to provide a purchase contract, and a copy of the purchase order or export contract (among other documents) during the application process. Applicants will pay a fee to obtain the letter of credit and it usually equates to a percentage of the amount the letter of credit backs.

Types of Letters of Credit

There are multiple types of letters of credit, with some being more common than others, and some applying to unique situations. Here’s a look at the main types.

Commercial Letter of Credit

This type of letter of credit applies to commercial transactions and is commonly used for international trade deals. In this case the bank makes a direct payment to the beneficiary.

Standby Letter of Credit

A standby letter of credit acts as a secondary payment method. The bank will pay the beneficiary if they are able to prove they didn’t receive the promised product or service from the seller.

Revolving Letter of Credit

A revolving letter of credit can help secure multiple transactions when two parties anticipate doing multiple deals.

Traveler’s Letter of Credit

With a traveler’s letter of credit, the issuing bank guarantees to honor letters of credit signed at certain foreign banks.

Confirmed Letter of Credit

This type of letter of credit specifies that the seller’s bank will be the party to ensure that the seller receives payment if the buyer and their issuing bank default on the agreement.

Special Considerations

Bank guarantees and letters of credit differ slightly, but both serve the same purpose: to give confidence and protection during transactions.

Because the financial institutions that back these guarantees confirm that the buyer is creditworthy in the case of a bank guarantee or a letter of credit, the seller can be confident that the transaction should go through as planned if they have one of these agreements in place. If it does not, they know they’ll still receive payment from the institution that backed the agreement.

Key Differences between a Bank Guarantee and Letter of Credit

These are the most important differences to know about a bank guarantee vs. a letter of credit.

Liability

With some letters of credit the bank pays the seller directly so they take on the primary liability.

With a bank guarantee they only pay if the buyer fails to do so, so they take on a secondary liability.

Risk

The bank takes on more risk with a letter of credit as they take on the primary liability, but that means the seller and customer take on more risk with a bank guarantee.

Number of Parties Involved

At least three parties are involved in letters of credit and bank guarantee transactions. To start there is the buyer, seller, and a bank or other type of financial institution. With a letter of credit, a lender also gets involved. Sometimes two banks (more common in foreign transactions) are involved in a letter of credit or bank guarantee.

Payment

With a bank guarantee, the bank only makes payment if the buyer fails to do so. With a letter of credit this is also usually the case, but the bank can be more involved in the transaction, so disputes tend to be resolved faster.

The Takeaway

When considering a letter of credit versus bank guarantee, both can help two parties involved in a transaction feel more confident that the seller will be paid and the buyer will receive the goods or services promised — or they will be reimbursed by the bank that issued the agreement. Each type of agreement may be especially helpful when conducting business across borders.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How is a letter of credit different from a bank guarantee?

When it comes to a bank guarantee vs. a letter of credit, both letters of credit and bank guarantees function very similarly. The main difference is that with a letter of credit the bank takes on more risk than they do with a bank guarantee.

What is a bank guarantee and how does it work?

A bank guarantee is an assurance from a bank that a contract between a buyer and a seller will be executed or they will reimburse the wronged party accordingly.

What is the primary difference between a standby letter of credit and a bank guarantee?

The main difference between a letter of credit and a bank guarantee is risk level. With a bank guarantee the bank takes on less risk than they do with a letter of credit.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

SOBK-Q224-1945853-V1

When you open your banking app or log into your account online, one of the first things you’ll see is your account balance. This reflects the amount of money in your savings or checking account that is available to spend. However, the balance shown may not factor in transactions you’ve authorized but have not yet been processed for payment, such as any outstanding checks or upcoming recurring payments.

Knowing how to read and interpret your bank account balance can help you avoid overdrafts, manage your spending, and make informed financial decisions. Here’s what you need to know about the balance in your bank account.

What Is a Bank Account Balance?

By definition, a bank account balance is the amount of funds you have available in a given financial account, such as a checking account. It represents the amount available after credits have been added and debits have been subtracted.

Your account balance can fluctuate from day to day as transactions are processed, such as deposits, withdrawals, cashed checks, and electronic payments. Checks you’ve written but have not yet been cashed and upcoming automatic payments and direct deposits aren’t generally reflected in your available balance, so you’ll need to keep that in mind when budgeting.

Bank statements will typically provide two account balances: your “starting balance,” which is how much was in the account at the beginning of the statement period; and your “ending balance,” which is how much was in your account as of the end of the statement period, after all credits and debits were calculated.

Understanding Your Bank Account Balance

Understanding how bank account balances work, and which transactions are factored into your balance, can help prevent you from running into issues like overdrafting your account or dipping below your bank’s required minimum balance to avoid monthly maintenance fees.

Pending Charges

Pending charges are transactions that have been authorized but not yet fully processed by the bank. A bank will temporarily hold funds in your account for these charges and reduce your available balance to prevent those funds from being otherwise spent. Common pending charges include debit card purchases, ATM withdrawals, and online bill payments. While these transactions have not yet been deducted from your account, they are still considered when calculating your available balance.

For example, let’s say you have $1,000 in your account and you make a $100 purchase with your debit card. Depending on the business that charged your account, there may be a delay in their banking system connecting with yours. In this case, your bank will factor that charge into your overall account balance, and will mark the payment as “pending” or “processing,” and give you an available balance of $900.

What Happens if Your Bank Account Balance Is Negative?

If you spend more money than you have in your bank account, you can end up with a negative account balance. This can happen if an automated payment goes through and you don’t have sufficient funds to cover it or you get hit with an unexpected bank fee. A negative balance can lead to several consequences:

•   Overdraft fees: If you’ve opted into overdraft coverage, your bank may cover a transaction that overdrafts your account then charge you an overdraft fee. They may charge this fee for each transaction that causes a negative balance or only one overdraft fee per day.

•   Nonsufficient (NSF) fees: If you don’t have overdraft coverage and a check or electronic payment is returned due to insufficient funds, your bank may charge you a nonsufficient funds (NSF) fee.

•   Account closure: Repeatedly overdrawing your account can lead to your bank closing your account.

•   Difficulty opening a bank account in the future: Information about your banking activity does not typically appear in credit reports from consumer credit bureaus or impact your credit scores. However, if ChexSystems, a reporting bureau for the banking industry, has a record on file reflecting negative account balances and an involuntary closure, it could make it more difficult to open a new bank account in the future.

Balancing a Checking Account

Balancing a checking account, also known as reconciling your account, involves comparing the transactions in your own records (such as a check register, accounting software, or personal finance app) to the ones on your bank statement to make sure the balances line up, and if they don’t, finding out why. Here’s how to do it.

•   Gather records: Collect your bank statement, check register, and any receipts or transaction records.

•   Compare transactions: Match each transaction in your check register (or other records) with those on your bank statement. Check off each item as you go.

•   Identify discrepancies: Note any transactions that don’t match or are missing and investigate them further. Be sure to account for any checks or payments that may not have cleared yet.

•   Contact your bank: If you find any unauthorized or incorrect transactions, contact your bank immediately to report the issue.

•   Update your records: Adjust your check register or other records for any interest earned, fees, or other transactions not previously recorded.

Account Balance vs Available Credit on a Credit Card

With your credit card, your account balance means something different. It represents the total amount of money you owe to the credit card issuer at a given time. This includes all purchases, interest charges, fees, and any other transactions that have been posted to your account.

Your available credit refers to the amount of unused credit you have left on your credit card. It is calculated by subtracting your current account balance from your total credit limit. For example, if your credit limit is $5,000 and your account balance is $1,000, your available credit would be $4,000. Available credit indicates how much more you can spend on your card before reaching your credit limit.

Recommended: Guide to Paying Credit Cards With a Debit Card

Where to Check Your Bank Account Balance

Checking your bank account balance regularly helps you stay informed about your financial status, make key budgeting decisions, and avoid overdrafts. Here are some easy ways to do it.

•   Online banking: Once you set up online banking, you can log in anytime to view your account balance, recent transactions, and other account details.

•   Mobile app: If you download your bank’s mobile app, you’ll be able to get an up-to-date view of your account balance and recent transactions on the go.

•   ATM: You can check your account balance at an ATM by inserting your ATM or debit card, entering your personal identification number (PIN), and selecting “balance inquiry” or something similar. You’ll see your account balance, along with any recent transactions.

•   Text alert: Some banks also offer low-balance alerts via text or email to keep you informed if your account dips below a certain threshold.

•   Over the phone: You can call the phone number listed on your debit/ATM card, then follow the prompts to check your account balance.

•   Bank statement: Whether you get paper statements or e-statements, you can use them to see your account balance as of the end of the statement period.

•   At a branch: You can also check your account balance in person with a teller. You’ll likely need to provide your debit/ATM card or account number and a photo ID to get your balance information.

Recommended: What Is an Online Savings Account and How Does It Work?

The Takeaway

A bank account balance is the total amount of money available in your financial account after debits and credits have been calculated. Keeping tabs on your account balance and regularly reconciling your account can help you monitor your spending, avoid overdrafting fees, and maintain good financial health.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How do I check the balance on my bank account?

You can check your bank account balance by logging in to your bank’s online banking platform or mobile app, using an ATM with your ATM or debit card, calling your bank’s customer service number, or visiting a branch.

Does the “balance” mean I owe money?

With bank accounts, the “balance” typically refers to the amount of money you have available in the account, not what you owe. A positive balance means you have funds in your account, while a negative balance indicates you’ve overdrawn your account.

With credit accounts, such as credit cards, the “balance” refers to the amount you owe your lender.

What happens if my bank account balance is zero?

If your bank account balance is zero, you won’t have funds available for transactions. Any attempted withdrawals or payments may be declined or if you have overdraft coverage, they may go through but result in overdraft fees.

It’s important to monitor your account regularly to avoid a zero balance and ensure you have sufficient funds to cover your expenses. Some banks may also close accounts that remain at zero balance for an extended period.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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There are times when urgent, vital expenses pop up that lead you to dip into your emergency fund. Maybe you were laid off and rent is due, or you get into an accident and wind up with a pile of medical bills.

But at other times, it can be hard to know what exactly qualifies as a rainy day and gives you license to dip into your emergency savings. What about a great deal on a used car, which you could really use? Or the opportunity to replace your old fridge at a steep discount? Do those qualify as reasons to dip into your savings? Learn more here.

What Are Things to Avoid Spending My Emergency Savings on?

If you’ve done a good job stashing cash in an emergency fund, you likely want to know what types of expenses are valid uses of the money sitting in your savings account. Here are examples of when not to withdraw funds:

6 Questions to Ask Yourself Before Spending Your Emergency Fund

Now, it’s time to consider when to go ahead and use that money you saved for a rainy day. If you’re on the fence about whether an expense counts as an emergency, ask yourself the following six questions to determine if you should tap your emergency funds.

1. Is This Absolutely Necessary?

There’s a difference between things you want and things you need. If you start a new job and have to buy a uniform for it, that’s a necessity. If, however, you begin a new job and simply want some new outfits, that isn’t a necessity. Similarly, pining for a new stove with a commercial-style cooktop is a want; replacing a stove that conked out is a necessity.

2. Is This the Only Way That I Can Pay for This?

Before pulling money from this account, consider if the emergency fund is the only source of money that can cover this expense. Would it be possible to wait a week until payday and use your income instead? Gift cards, coupons, and sale discount codes can make it easier to pay for purchases without draining your emergency fund.

Your goal here is to determine the lowest possible price for a purchase and then see if there’s another (non-emergency fund) way to pay for it.

3. Is This an Unexpected Event?

Emergency funds can be a great way to cover unexpected and necessary purchases, but they aren’t supposed to replace poor planning. If you know a major expense is coming your way (say, the hot-water heater is coming to the end of its lifespan), it’s best to save for it instead of reaching into your rainy day fund.

4. Is This Urgent or Can It Wait?

Even if an expense feels like something that must be dealt with at the moment, there’s a good chance it can be put off. Ask yourself if it can wait until you have saved enough money to pay for it without accessing emergency funds.

5. How Much of My Emergency Fund Will I Be Using?

An emergency fund exists as a safety valve when you unexpectedly need funds. However, before pulling money from an emergency fund, it can be helpful to consider just how much of the emergency fund the purchase will take up. If it’s going to drain the fund and the purchase can wait, it’s likely best to wait. Or maybe you can buy a less pricey version of the item in question.

6. How Long Will It Take To Rebuild My Savings?

If the purchase will take up a big chunk of the emergency savings fund, it can be a good idea to map out how long it will take to rebuild those savings. If it will take more than six months, then it may be best to hold off on making that purchase until the emergency fund is more substantial. It may be better to cut back on spending to cover this expense now without having to touch emergency savings.

Of course, sometimes an emergency is really an emergency, and you can’t hold off. If you are hit with, say, a major medical bill, you may have to use up that emergency fund and work hard to rebuild it later. But it will have done its job and seen you through a tough time.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

The Takeaway

Before pulling savings from an emergency fund, it’s important to determine if the purchase is truly urgent or simply something you really want. Sometimes, real emergencies do crop up, and you’ll be glad you have money saved. Other times, you may realize that the expense isn’t really so vital. Emergency savings can be a real lifesaver, so you want to protect those funds and make sure you use them properly.

One way to build up an emergency fund faster is to put your money in a savings account that earns a competitive interest rate.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What should you ask yourself before using your emergency fund?

Before you pull money from an emergency fund, ask yourself questions like, Is this expense absolutely necessary? Is this the only way I can pay for it? Is it urgent or can it wait? How much of my emergency savings will I be using up? The answers should guide you towards whether or not it’s worth tapping into your emergency fund.

What should you spend your emergency fund on?

What constitutes an emergency purchase for one person may look quite different for another. That being said, it’s usually best to only spend emergency fund savings on necessities, not wants. Financial emergencies are usually unexpected and may include home repairs, medical bills, and car repairs — or day-to-day expenses after, say, a job loss.

What should you not put in your emergency fund?

While it’s a good idea to put extra money towards an emergency fund instead of spending it frivolously, there are some types of savings it’s best to leave out of an emergency fund. For example, it’s not a good idea to use 401(k) contributions or other retirement savings to build an emergency fund. Saving for retirement is crucial, and employers may match 401(k) contributions, which is basically like getting free money. In this scenario, it may be wise to focus on maxing out retirement contributions before building an emergency fund.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

More from the emergency fund series:

<

Emergency Fund: What It Is and Why It’s Important

How Much Money Should Be in Your Emergency Fund?

How to Build an Emergency Fund

Emergency Fund Calculator

Where to Keep an Emergency Fund

Should You Ever Invest Your Emergency Fund?

>

Photo credit: iStock/szefei

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOBNK-Q324-094

If you’re working hard at your job and being reasonable with your spending, you may still find it’s hard to make ends meet and hit your savings goals.

One question to ask yourself is whether you’re making enough money. Can you really afford to keep plugging along at your current salary? Here, you’ll learn some helpful ways to tell if you should be making more money and, if you should, how to get there.

10 Red Flags That Signal That Your Income Is Too Low

Do you frequently ask yourself whether you should be making more money — or feel as if you’re not making money work for you? If so, it’s possible you aren’t making enough or managing it optimally. Here are some signs that you need to be earning more in order to thrive financially.

1. Not Being Able to Pay Your Bills

As long as you aren’t renting a luxurious penthouse or leasing a fancy car you truly can’t afford, you should be making enough to pay your basic bills. Yes, it can be difficult to save money with a low income. But if you’re working full-time to cover things like rent, car payment, health care, and utilities, without any shot at saving for your future, that’s a sign you need to earn more money.

2. Using Your Credit Card for All Expenses

There’s nothing wrong with using a credit card to pay for expenses if you can afford to pay your credit card bill off in full when your monthly statement arrives. That’s a great way to earn cash back and credit card rewards.

A problem arises if you need to use a credit card in order to cover expenses because you don’t earn enough to buy essentials, like food and personal care items.

3. Not Being Able to Have an Emergency Fund

Having an emergency fund can help you be prepared for the unexpected, such as a major medical or dental bill or getting laid off. Ideally, you would have three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses covered by the money in an emergency fund. If you’re living paycheck to paycheck, however, and can’t even start building a fund with perhaps $25 per pay period, you likely need to earn more.

4. Paying Only the Minimum on Debts

As mentioned, turning to a credit card to cover essential purchases can be a sign of not making enough money. This can lead to high-interest credit card debt, which can be hard to pay down without making extra payments.

If you can’t afford to make extra payments on a credit card or other form of debt, increasing your income can make it possible to minimize how much you owe and those interest payments.

5. Not Being Able to Cut Anything Else

If you take a cold, hard look at your budget and realize you can’t cut any more expenses because you are only paying for essentials, then that’s a sign you need an income increase. Living on such a tight budget isn’t sustainable long-term, and there should ideally be room in a budget for some small fun purchases, too.

Recommended: 7 Different Types of Budgeting Methods

6. Not Being Able to Build Savings

Even if you are motivated to save money, if you’re not able to save for retirement or other long-term goals, it could be a sign that you’re not earning enough.

7. Making the Same Wage Despite Company Growing

If your company is growing and flourishing, in part because of contributions made by you and other workers, you may deserve to earn more than you’re currently making.

8. Not Being Able to Reach Financial Goals

If you are earning enough money and sticking to a budget, then in theory you should be able to make slow but steady progress toward your financial goals. Failing to do so could mean you’re coming up short on salary.

9. Consistently Struggling to Make Ends Meet at the Beginning of the Month

Many people start to run out of spending money at the end of the month. That’s because they’ve paid all their bills and are waiting for the next cash infusion from their paycheck. If, however, you are consistently struggling to make ends meet at the beginning of the month, when payday has arrived, this indicates you aren’t making enough to pay your essential bills.

10. Worrying About Money Consistently

Everyone deserves a good night’s rest, not lying awake worrying about how to pay the bills. If you are consistently worrying about money and trying to figure out how to tackle financial anxiety and stress, that can be a major sign you aren’t earning enough money.

Tips for Negotiating a Higher Wage With Your Employer

If you feel you need and merit more money, it can be wise to have a conversation about a raise. These tips can help.

•   Research salary data. Before an employee asks for a raise, they need to get an idea of how much workers in similar roles at other companies earn. Luckily, there are tons of online resources where workers share their job titles and salaries. It can also help to look at the salaries listed on current job postings similar to your position.

•   Make a list of accomplishments. Workers should approach the boss with the facts about how good they are at their jobs and why they deserve to earn more. Make a list that specifies some of your major contributions and use that to back up your ask for higher pay.

•   Have an alternate ask. Sometimes a company truly can’t afford to give a good employee a raise. In that case, is there something they can do to make your life easier? Can they make it possible to work remotely and save on commuting? Can they give you more PTO or a flexible schedule to help cut down on daycare costs?

Recommended: Good Paying Jobs Without a College Degree

The Takeaway

If you are working hard and watching your spending but are living paycheck to paycheck and are unable to save, you may not be earning enough money. Asking for a raise, with documentation of why you are worth it, is one path forward. Or you might decide to change jobs or career paths or even move somewhere more affordable.

It can also be a smart move to ensure the funds already in your bank account are working hard for you.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How do I know if I’m being underpaid?

Do salary research online to see what workers in similar roles and industries are earning. You can likely find this information everywhere from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to job search sites.

How much money must I earn to feel it is enough?

Having “enough” money depends on your unique perspective. That being said, you need to be able to comfortably pay your bills and cover essential expenses without having to worry that you’re running out of money each month. Also, being able to save for long-term goals (such as a down payment on a house or retirement) is also important.

How can I save if I don’t make enough money?

It can be hard to save money if you don’t earn much more income than you require to get by. Consumers can always scrutinize their budget to see where they can cut back spending in order to save more. Too many streaming services? Or pricey lunches? Try starting there.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Both certificates of deposit (CDs) and money market accounts (MMAs) are types of savings accounts that tend to earn higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts. But there are some key differences between them.

An MMA allows you to withdraw money as needed (and even comes with checks or a debit card), though you may be limited to a certain number of transactions per month. With a CD, on the other hand, your money is locked up for a set period of time. In exchange for leaving your money untouched, however, CDs generally pay higher rates than MMAs.

Whether you should choose a CD or MMA will depend on your financial needs and goals. To help you make the right choice, here’s a closer look at how these two savings options compare.

Main Differences Between Money Market Accounts and CDs

Here’s a quick snapshot of the differences between money market accounts and CDs.

Money Market Accounts

A money market account (MMA) is a type of savings account offered by banks and credit unions that provides some of the conveniences of a checking account. Like a typical savings account, you earn interest on your deposits, often at a higher rate than what you could earn in a traditional savings account. In addition, these accounts typically come with checks and/or a debit card, making it easier to access your funds.

Money market accounts may come with withdrawal limits (such as six or nine per month), however, so they aren’t designed to be used as a replacement for a checking account. MMAs also often require you to keep a certain minimum balance in order to avoid fees or earn the advertised annual percentage yield (APY).

The money you deposit in an MMA is insured up to $250,000 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), if held at an FDIC-insured bank, or by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), if held at an insured credit union. That means you can’t lose your money (up to certain limits) even if the bank were to go bankrupt or shut its doors.

Pros of Money Market Accounts

Here’s a look at some advantages of opening a money market account.

•   Higher interest rate: Typically, money market accounts have higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts.

•   Security: Because of the FDIC and NCUA insurance, the funds in a money market account are typically insured against loss.

•   Funds are liquid: You can withdraw your money when you need to (though you may be limited to a certain number of transactions per month).

•   Ease of access: It’s possible to access the funds in a money market account by withdrawing cash at an ATM, doing an electronic transfer, using a debit card, and/or writing checks.

Cons of Money Market Accounts

MMAs also have some disadvantages. Here are some to keep in mind.

•   Better rates may be available elsewhere: You may be able to find a high-yield savings account at an online bank that offers a higher APY than an MMA at a traditional bank (with potentially fewer restrictions and/or fees).

•   Minimum balance requirements: Banks often require a minimum deposit to open an MMA, as well as a minimum amount you must keep in the account in order to earn the top APY and/or or avoid a monthly maintenance fee.

•   Variable interest rate: APYs on MMAs are based on market interest rates at a given time. It’s difficult to predict how the market will perform and if this interest rate will rise or fall.

•   Limited growth potential: If you’re looking for long-term growth, you can potentially make more by investing your money in the market.

Certificates of Deposits (CDs)

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a type of savings account that offers fixed interest rate that is generally higher than a traditional savings account. A CD also comes with a fixed-term length and a fixed maturity date. This means you need to leave the funds in a CD untouched for a set term, which can range anywhere from a few months to several years. Generally, the longer the CD’s term, the higher the APY, but this is not always the case.

CDs don’t charge monthly fees, but will typically have an early withdrawal penalty, and you usually can’t add any additional funds after the initial deposit.

CDs are offered by banks and credit unions: at credit unions, they are often referred to as share certificates. Like regular savings accounts, CDs are typically insured by the FDIC or NCUA, so you get your money back (up to $250,000) in the unlikely event that the bank or credit union were to go out of business.

Pros of CDs

Here’s a look at some of the advantages that come with depositing money into a CD.

•   Potentially higher rates: CDs tend to offer higher APYs than regular savings accounts and money market accounts.

•   Guaranteed rate of return: Because CDs typically have fixed rates for fixed terms, you know up front how much interest you will earn.

•   Security: Like other types of savings accounts, CDs are insured by either the FDIC or NCUA.

•   Convenience: It’s fairly easy to open a CD, since most banks and credit unions offer them.

Cons of CDs

There are also some disadvantages of CDs that you’ll want to bear in mind.

•   Relatively low returns: While CDs tend to earn more than a regular savings account, investing in stocks and bonds can be a better option if you’re looking to maximize your returns over the long term (though, unlike CDs, returns are not guaranteed).

•   Rates won’t go up: Because CDs come with fixed interest rates, the APY won’t go up even if market rates rise during the term of your CD (unless you open a bump-up CD).

•   No liquidity: Unlike other types of savings accounts, you can’t withdraw funds as needed. To benefit from a CD, you must wait until the CD term ends before you access your cash.

•   Withdrawal penalties: If you end up needing the money before the CD matures, you will likely incur an early withdrawal penalty.

When Should I Consider a Money Market Account or CD Over the Other?

MMAs and CDs have different requirements and benefits, and which one will serve you best will depend on your needs and preferences.

Choosing a Money Market Account Over a CD

A money market account may be a better choice than a CD if:

•   You want the option to add and withdraw money regularly. You can save money over time with a money market account. You can also withdraw the money at any time, though you may be subject to some restrictions.

•   You’re building an emergency fund. A money market account can be a good place to stash your emergency fund. You can likely maintain the minimum balance requirement and can benefit from the extra interest. Should you need the money, however, you can get it right away.

•   You’re saving for a large purchase. If you’re saving for a big ticket item like a car, a money market account will allow you to write a check from the account when you’ve reached your goal and it comes time to use those funds.

Choosing a CD Over a Money Market Account

A CD may be a better fit than a money market account if:

•   You have a longer-term savings goal. If you don’t need to use the money for a year or two, you may benefit from the higher returns offered by CD.

•   You want to make sure you don’t touch the money. If you’re setting aside money for a specific future expense, like a wedding or vacation, a CD helps insure you won’t impulsively spend it on something else.

•   You want some growth without risk. Unlike money invested in the market, the money you put into a CD is insured (up to certain limits) and the rate of return is guaranteed.

Recommended: How to Save Money: 33 Easy Ways

The Takeaway

Both money market accounts and CDs offer safe ways to earn more interest on your savings than you could in a traditional savings account. While money market accounts offer more flexibility and liquidity than CDs, CDs tend to offer higher APYs.

If you won’t need the money for a set period of time (say, six months to three years), and can find a good rate on a CD, you might be better off going with a CD over an MMA. If you may need to tap the funds at some point (but you’re not sure when), an MMA allows you to earn a higher-than-average interest rate while keeping the money liquid, with the added benefit of offering checks or a debit card.

Before choosing any type of savings account, however, it generally pays to shop around and compare current APYs. You may find another savings vehicle, such as a high-yield savings account, that offers the returns you want with minimal requirement, restrictions, or fees.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Are CDs or money markets better?

If you don’t need to access your funds for a while, a CD could be a better fit. CDs tend to offer higher interest rates than money market accounts, and the interest rate is fixed which makes the return predictable. Conversely, if you might need to draw on the funds in the near-term, an MMA may be a better route.

What are the tax implications of money market accounts vs. CDs?

With both certificates of deposit (CDs) and money market accounts (MMAs), the interest you earn is considered taxable income. You will receive a Form 1099-INT from your bank at the end of the year, which you must report on your tax return.

The Interest from CDs is typically taxed in the year it is earned, even if you don’t withdraw it until the CD matures. This means you might owe taxes on interest even if you haven’t received it yet. Interest on MMAs, however, is usually credited monthly and taxed in the year it is credited.

What are other options besides money market accounts and CDs?

Money market accounts and certificates of deposit (CDs) offer a low-risk way to earn a solid interest rate on your money. But they aren’t your only option. Here are some alternatives:

•   High-yield savings accounts. These accounts offer higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts and provide easy access to your funds with no fixed terms.

•   Treasury Securities. U.S. Treasury bills, notes, and bonds are government-backed securities that can offer competitive returns. They vary in term length and interest rate and are considered very safe investments.

•   Bond Funds. These mutual funds invest in a diversified portfolio of bonds, offering potentially higher returns than money market accounts and CDs, though they come with higher risk.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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