a person at a desk looking at the differences between forex and options on their phone

Forex vs Options Compared and Examined


Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

Foreign exchange trading, also known as forex or FX, is a global marketplace where participants trade pairs of national currencies.

Options trading allows participants to try to benefit from asset movements by trading puts and calls with less cash outlay than might be required to buy the underlying asset.

Both markets make use of leverage, but they differ significantly in how trades are structured, how risk is managed, and how liquidity plays out across strategies.

Key Points

•   Currency pairs are traded in the forex market, while options involve contracts based on various assets.

•   Continuous 24/7 forex trading is available in the currency market, unlike the U.S. market hours for options.

•   Higher liquidity and leverage in the currency market may result in greater gains and losses.

•   Options trading allows for defined risk and reward strategies, making it suitable for structured risk management.

•   Both markets come with the potential for high returns and high losses, and require effective risk management and an understanding of market conditions.

What Is Options Trading?

Options are financial contracts that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price and time, while creating an obligation for the option seller to buy or sell the underlying asset if the buyer chooses to exercise the option contract.

Calls and puts are the two main types of options. Call options offer buyers the right to purchase an underlying asset, while put options offer buyers the right to sell an underlying asset.

Options can be written on stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and futures. An important distinction between options vs. forex trading is that the options market is a derivatives market, meaning the price of the options contract is derived from the underlying asset it’s based on.

Recommended: Guide to Trading Options

Why Some Traders Choose Options

Online options trading has helped to make these securities more accessible to retail traders in recent years. Traders may be drawn to options for the potential to see substantial gains over a short period. With options, traders can gain exposure to a large amount of an underlying security, like a stock, with a small amount of capital, though this likewise comes with the risk of seeing outsized losses.

Some investors use options to hedge their long-term holdings, such as a long stock position, by purchasing protective puts when they believe a near-term dip might take place. Traders may also try to pursue income from stocks they own by selling covered calls.

Overall, options trading can help manage risk, potentially generate income, and offer leverage, though it’s important to always consider the losses that could accompany adverse price movements.

When comparing options vs. forex, options trading can be more versatile than forex due to the vast number of options strategies. With forex trading, traders typically take positions in anticipation of rising or falling prices in a currency. Options trading offers the potential to generate returns in a variety of market conditions, too.

One hurdle to options is that it takes time to learn the ins and outs of options trading — it’s typically for more experienced investors. Another possible drawback is that many options are illiquid, which can make it difficult to enter or exit positions quickly.

Recommended: Guide to Trading Options

Finally, user-friendly options trading is here.*

Trade options with SoFi Invest on an easy-to-use, intuitively designed online platform.


What Is Forex Trading?

Forex trading is the buying and selling of national currencies in a 24-hour global market. In general, the forex market is considered one of the most liquid markets in the world. While many currency pairs feature strong liquidity, there are still some that are less actively traded and can be more difficult to enter or exit positions efficiently as a result.

Why Some Traders Choose Forex

When looking at forex vs. options, forex often offers more leverage. That means brokers may allow you to use margin, and possibly borrow funds from the broker to control larger positions than your account balance would otherwise permit.. With this leverage comes the potential for seeing significant gains, but also the risk of experiencing steep losses.

Brokers may manage risk by encouraging or requiring traders to enter stop-loss orders when a position is opened. A stop-loss order is a preset instruction to exit a position once a currency reaches a specific price, which may help limit potential losses.

Another aspect that may increase risk for traders is volatility. The forex trading market can feature periods of relative calm followed by sudden spikes in volatility. Higher volatility can mean currency pairs have less liquidity, which may make it more difficult to execute trades at favorable prices. Forex options may be used to attempt to benefit from volatility, however.

Comparing Forex vs Options

Let’s dive into some of the key similarities and differences in forex vs. options. It can help you decide which trading arena might suit your style better.

Similarities

A key similarity is that supply and demand drive both forex and options. If a strong bullish sentiment arises, an option or currency pair can rise significantly in price. That has the potential to lead to substantial returns in both markets, depending on a trader’s strategy.

Research and preparation are important before entering these markets. In currency and derivatives markets, for every long there is a short; that means there is someone on the other side of the trade who may experience a significant loss.

In comparing options to forex, both offer leverage, but in different ways. Options, depending on the strategy, can allow a trader to control a large amount of stock with a small amount of capital. In forex trading, you may use margin to trade with leverage. Margin involves borrowing funds to increase position size. Margin can also apply to options trading when it requires significant collateral, such as selling uncovered calls.

Today’s technology allows traders to participate in many options and forex markets. That can make researching ideas and deciding on a single trade challenging since there are so many tradable assets and strategies, meaning that experience is an important factor in these markets.

Both markets are regulated to help protect traders and brokers.

Differences

There are many differences in forex vs. options trading.

Forex involves trading currency pairs, while options trading involves buying and selling contracts on an underlying asset. Options are derivatives since their price is largely derived from the price of their underlying assets.

The options market is confined to regular trading hours in the U.S., while forex is a 24-hour market.

A final key difference in options vs. forex is liquidity. Many currency pairs have deep liquidity, but in certain cases there might just be a handful of traders in a particular options market.

There are also differences in forex vs. binary options to be aware of. Some brokers offer forex binary options, which are essentially forex derivatives that pay out all or nothing.

Forex Options
A 24-hour trading market involving currency pairs Trade during regular U.S. options exchange hours
Among the most liquid trading market in the world Contracts derived from an underlying asset
Ability to trade on leverage Used for portfolio protection, risk management, income generation, and leverage when trading

Pros and Cons of Forex Trading

Pros of Forex Trading Cons of Forex Trading
Stop losses may help traders control risk Losses can occur quickly due to leverage
Widely accessible to retail traders, though understanding the risks and mechanics may require experience Volatility can cause reduced liquidity or widened bid-ask spreads in some currency pairs
Many currency pairs are highly liquid and widely traded Potential for lower transaction costs compared to other markets

Pros and Cons of Options Trading

Pros of Options Trading Cons of Options Trading
Can be a highly leveraged way to gain exposure to stocks and other underlying assets Many options are illiquid, which can result in high bid/ask spreads
Ability to potentially generate returns from both price changes and time decay Approval might be required to trade more complex options strategies
Traders can potentially benefit from volatility spikes Complex strategies can be challenging to understand and implement

Is Forex or Options Trading Right for You?

Your trading preferences may drive the decision of whether to engage in options or forex trading. Options offer defined risk strategies, but forex markets are often very liquid and trade 24 hours a day. You can also incorporate options trading alongside stock strategies, while forex exposure can offer diversification benefits.

Another market to consider is forex binary options. This market can feature the benefits of both forex and options, but you should always weigh the risks, too.

The Takeaway

There are many similarities and differences in options vs. forex. Options can be based on many different types of underlying assets, and you can define your risk and reward strategy. When trading forex, you may profit from the rise and fall of national currencies and access 24-hour markets. Both markets can be volatile, and there are risks associated with these strategies, so it’s important to recognize that before participating in them.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform

🛈 SoFi does not offer forex trading or binary options at this time.

FAQ

Is options trading more profitable than forex?

When analyzing profit potential in forex trading vs. options trading, some contend that forex offers high liquidity and fast execution, which can lead to significant gains (though losses may also occur quickly since these trades tend to be highly leveraged).

Others suggest that options can be more profitable for some traders because of the wide range of strategies that may be used to define risk. You can also take advantage of time decay and volatility changes.

Is forex trading less risky than options trading?

It depends on your trading style. When analyzing forex vs. options trading, forex often includes position limits, which may limit exposure. With options, risk is determined by your trading strategy and the positions you construct and execute. For example, selling a naked call may involve unlimited risk, but buying a deep in-the-money call may be relatively low risk.

A key difference in options vs. forex is that options markets have a finite time horizon — the option expiration date. Forex trading does not have expiration dates and allows positions to be held longer. Another aspect of forex trading vs. options is that forex trading, despite being a liquid market, can still experience slippage during periods of volatility. That’s a risk to consider.

How do you invest in forex?

To begin forex trading, you must open a brokerage account that supports currency trading. From there, you then fund your account, research a strategy, and execute an order. Because forex markets move quickly, regular monitoring is important.


Photo credit: iStock/fizkes

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.

Utilizing a margin loan is generally considered more appropriate for experienced investors as there are additional costs and risks associated. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment when using margin. Please see SoFi.com/wealth/assets/documents/brokerage-margin-disclosure-statement.pdf for detailed disclosure information.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Comprehensive Guide to Assets: Understanding Their Role and Value

An asset is anything of value that you own, whether physical (such as a home or bank account) or intangible (as in a brand or copyright) that can be converted to cash or income, or which offers the potential for some future financial benefit.

For individuals, assets generally refer to savings, investments, property (including personal property such as jewelry or art). For businesses, assets can refer to cash, brand equity, real property, intellectual property, and more.

Investors need to understand the many types of assets, how they behave, and how they can be combined within an investment strategy.

Key Points

•   An asset is anything of value, tangible or intangible, that can be converted to cash, income, or offers a potential future financial benefit.

•   Assets can be broadly categorized into current, fixed, financial investments, and intangible assets, each with different characteristics and uses.

•   Identifying and classifying assets involves distinguishing between personal and business assets, as well as understanding their liquidity.

•   Asset management and allocation are crucial for investors to balance risk and reward, diversify portfolios, and achieve financial goals.

•   The value of assets is dynamic and influenced by market conditions, necessitating ongoing evaluation and potential rebalancing of investments.

Exploring the Definition of an Asset

For individuals, an asset can mean almost anything you own that has some monetary value, and offers the potential for growth or some future benefit.

Broad Categories of Assets

Assets typically include such things as:

•   Cash and cash equivalents, including checking and savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), and U.S. government Treasury bills.

•   Personal property, including cars and boats, art and jewelry, collections, furniture, and things like computers, cameras, phones, and TVs.

•   Real estate, residential or commercial, including land and/or structures on the land.

•   Investments, such as stocks and bonds, annuities, mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and so on.

•   Intellectual property, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, brands and brand equity.

Those who own a company or who are self-employed also may have business assets that could include a bank account, an inventory of goods to sell, accounts receivable (money they’re owed by their customers), business vehicles, office furniture and machinery, and the building and land where they conduct their business, in addition to intellectual property assets, as noted above.

4 Different Types of Assets

Generally speaking, there are four different types of assets: current or short-term assets, fixed assets, financial investments, and intangible assets.

Current Assets

Current assets are short-term resources with economic value, and are typically referred to in accounting. Current assets are things that can be used or consumed or converted to money within a year. They include things like cash, cash equivalents, inventory, and accounts receivable.

Fixed or Noncurrent Assets

Fixed assets are resources with a longer term, meaning more than a year. This includes property, e.g., buildings and other real estate, and equipment.

Financial Assets

Financial assets refer to securities that you might purchase when investing online or through a traditional brokerage, such as stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit (CDs), mutual funds, ETFs, commodities, retirement accounts (e.g., IRAs and 401ks) and more.

Intangible Assets

Assets considered intangible are things of value that don’t have a physical presence. This includes intellectual property like patents, licenses, trademarks, and copyrights, and brand value and reputation.

Identifying and Classifying Assets

Assets are things with economic value. They may be owned by you, like a sofa or your computer, or owed to you, like the $500 you earned from a project, or the $50 you loaned a friend. The loan or borrowed money is considered an asset for you since your friend will repay it to you.

Personal vs Business Assets

There are both personal assets and business assets. Personal assets include such things as your home, artwork you might own, your checking account, and your investments. Business assets are things like equipment, cash, and accounts receivable.

Liquid Assets and Their Convertibility

Liquid assets have economic value and can be quickly and easily converted to cash.

Liquid assets might include certain stocks, and liquid business assets could include inventory.

Assets in Accounting and Business Operations

In business, assets are resources owned by a business that have economic value. They might refer to the building the business owns, inventory, accounts receivable, office furniture, and computers or other technology.

How Assets Are Listed on Financial Statements

Business assets are listed on a company’s financial statements. Ideally, a company’s assets should be balanced between short-term assets and fixed and long-term assets. That indicates that the business has assets it can use right now, such as cash, and those that will be available down the road.

The Distinction Between Assets and Liabilities

Assets are resources an individual or business owns that have economic value. Assets are also things owed to a business or individual, such as payment for inventory.

A liability is when a business or individual owes another party. It could include things like money or accounts payable.

Asset Valuation and Depreciation

Asset valuation is a way of determining the value of an asset. There are different methods for determining value, such as the cost method, which bases an asset’s value on its original price. But assets also depreciate over time. That’s when an accounting method known as depreciation is used to allocate the cost of an asset over time.

Real-World Examples of Assets

As noted, assets can run the gamut from the physical to the intangible. What they all have in common is that they have economic value.

Everyday Items That Count as Assets

Many items that you use or deal with in your daily life are considered assets. For example:

•   Cash

•   Bank accounts

•   Stocks

•   Bonds

•   Money market funds

•   Mutual funds

•   Furniture

•   Jewelry

•   Cars

•   House

•   Certificates of deposit (CDs)

•   Retirement accounts, such as 401(k)s and IRAs

Recommended: Stock Market Basics

High-Value Assets in Today’s Market

The value of assets changes depending on market conditions. As of Q4 2025, a number of key economic indicators are at historic highs, including: median home prices, company valuations as measured by price-to-earning ratios, and stock market indexes like the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DIGA) and the S&P 500.

These higher-than-average values and performance metrics may not impact all assets equally, but it’s important for investors to take current market conditions into account when buying stocks and other securities, and assessing the value of their portfolios.

While it may be the case that some larger assets you own tend to be more valuable, such as your house, a vacation home, or rental property — or that different securities in your portfolio may have seen some growth — there are no guarantees, and investors interested in self-directed investing must evaluate each type of asset on its own terms.

Understanding Non-Physical and Intangible Assets

Intangible or non-physical assets can be extremely important and quite valuable. So it’s wise to be aware of what they are.

Copyrights, Patents, and Goodwill

Intangible assets include such things as copyrights (on a book or piece of music, for instance) and patents (for an invention). A copyright protects the owner who produced it, and a patent protects the patent owner/inventor. What this means is that another party cannot legally use their work or invention without their permission, license, or in some cases payment.

Goodwill is another intangible asset, and it’s associated with the purchase of one company by another company. It is the portion of the purchase price that’s higher than the sum of the net fair value of all of the company’s assets bought and liabilities assumed.

For example, such things as brand value, reputation, and a company’s customer base are considered goodwill. These intangibles could be highly valued and the reason why a purchasing company might pay more for the company they are buying.

The Role of Digital Assets in the Modern Economy

Digital assets refer to such things as data, photos, videos, music, manuscripts, and more. Digital assets create value for the person or company that owns them.

Digital assets are becoming increasingly important as individuals, businesses, and governments use them more and more. With more of our every day resources online, and with data stored digitally, these types of assets are likely to be considered quite valuable.

Labor and Human Capital: Are Skills and Expertise Assets?

Labor is not considered an asset. Instead, it is work carried out by people that they are paid for.

Human capital refers to the value of an employee’s skills, experience, and expertise. These things are considered intangible assets. However, a company cannot list human capital on its balance sheet.

As an investor, you’re also likely to hear about the importance of “asset allocation” or “asset management” for your portfolio. Asset allocation is simply putting money to work in the best possible places to reach financial goals.

The idea is that by spreading money over different types of investments — stocks, bonds, cash, real estate, commodities, etc. — an investor can limit volatility and attempt to maximize the benefits of each asset class.

For example, stocks may offer the best opportunity for long-term growth, but can expose an investor to more risk. Bonds tend to have less risk and can provide an income stream, but their value can be affected by rising interest rates. Cash can be useful for emergencies and short-term goals, but it isn’t going to offer much growth, and it won’t necessarily keep up with inflation over the long term.

When it comes to volatility, each asset class may react differently to a piece of economic news or a national or global event, so by combining multiple assets in one portfolio, an investor may be able to help mitigate the risk overall.

Alternative investments such as real property, precious metals, and private equity ventures are examples of assets some investors also may choose to use to counter the price movements of a traditional investment portfolio.

How Does Asset Allocation Work?

An investor’s asset allocation typically has some mix of stocks, bonds, and cash — but the percentages of each can vary based on a person’s age, the goals for those investments, and/or a person’s tolerance for risk.

If for example, someone is saving for a wedding or another shorter-term financial goal, they may want to keep a percentage of that money in a safe, easy-to-access account, such as a high-yield online deposit account. An account like this would allow that money to grow with a competitive interest rate while it’s protected from the market’s unpredictable movements.

But for a longer-term goal, like saving for retirement, some might invest a percentage of money in the market and risk some volatility with stocks, mutual funds, and/or ETFs. This way the money may potentially grow over the long-term, and there may likely be time to recover from market fluctuations. As retirement nears, some people may wish to slowly shift their investments to an allocation that carries less risk.

The Role of Automated Asset Management Solutions

Businesses may want to consider using automated asset management systems to track and collect data on their assets. This may be easier than manually tracking assets, which could become complicated and overwhelming. There are a number of different software programs available that could help businesses with this.

Individual investors might want to think about automated investing portfolios to help manage their investments. These platforms, sometimes called robo advisors, may help those who want to invest for the long-term but don’t have the time or expertise to do it themselves.

However, it’s important to do your homework and consider the risks involved since automated platforms are not fully customized to each individual’s specific needs. You also need to be comfortable with the types of investments they may offer, such as ETFs, and make sure you understand the risks and possible costs involved.

Unpacking Asset Classifications Further

The assets you accumulate will likely change over time, as will your needs and your goals. So, it’s important to know the purpose of each asset you own — as well as which ones are working for you and which ones aren’t. Here are some questions you can ask yourself as you manage your assets:

1.    Are you getting the maximum return on your investment, whether it’s a savings account or an investment in the market?

2.    How does the asset make money (dividends, interest, appreciation)? What must happen for the investment to increase in value?

3.    How does the asset match up with your personal and financial goals?

4.    Is the asset short-term or long-term?

5.    How liquid is the investment? How hard would it be to sell if you needed money right away?

6.    What are the risks associated with the investment? What is the most you could lose? Can you handle the risk financially and emotionally?

If you aren’t sure of the answers to these questions, you may wish to get some help from a financial advisor who, among other things, can work with you to set priorities, suggest strategies for investing, assist you in coming up with the right asset allocation to suit your needs, and draw up a coordinated and comprehensive financial plan.

Short-term vs Long-term Assets

As a quick recap, short-term assets are those held for less than one year. They are also known as current assets. These assets are typically meant to be converted into cash within a year and are considered liquid. For individual investors they can include such things as money market accounts and CDs.

Long-term assets are those held for more than one year. Long-term assets can be such things as stock and bonds, as well as fixed assets such as property and real estate. Long-term assets also include intellectual property such as copyrights and patents. Long-term assets are not as liquid as short-term assets.

The Importance of Asset Liquidity

Liquid assets can be accessed quickly and converted to cash without losing much of their value. Cash is the ultimate liquid asset, but there are plenty of other examples.

If you can expect to find a number of interested buyers who will pay a fair price, and you can make the sale with some speed, your asset is probably liquid. Stock from a blue-chip company is generally considered a liquid asset because it’s relatively easy to buy and sell. So, typically, is a high-quality mutual fund.

Some assets are non-liquid or illiquid. These assets have value, but they may not be as easy to convert into cash when it’s needed. Your car or home might be your biggest asset, for example, depending on how much of it you actually own. But It might take a while to get a fair price if you sold it — and you’ll likely need to replace it eventually.

While some investments have long-term objectives — including saving for a secure retirement — liquidity can be an important factor to consider when evaluating which assets belong in a portfolio.

How to Balance Liquidity

Many unexpected events come with big price tags, so it can help to have some cash or cash equivalents on hand in case an urgent need comes up. Financial professionals often suggest having three to six months’ worth of living expenses stashed away in an emergency fund — using an account that’s available whenever you need it.

Some might also consider keeping a portion of money in investments that are reasonably liquid, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). This way, ideally, the assets can be liquidated in a relatively quick timeframe if they are needed. (Although, of course, there’s never any guarantee.)

Choosing that original asset allocation is important — but maintenance and portfolio rebalancing is also key over time. As people attain some of their short- or mid-range goals (paying for that wedding, for instance, or getting the down payment on a house) they may wish to consider where the money will go next, and what kind of account it should be in.

The Role of Rebalancing

As life changes, it is possible that the original balance of stocks vs. bonds vs. other investments is no longer appropriate for a person’s current and future needs. As a result, they may want to become more aggressive or more conservative, depending on the situation.

Rebalancing also may become necessary if the success — or failure — of a particular asset group alters a portfolio’s target allocation.

If, for example, after a big market rally or long bull run (both of which we’ve experienced in recent years), a 60% allocation to stocks grows closer to 75%, it may trigger an investor to consider selling some stock in order to restore that original 60% allocation. This way, an investor may help protect some of the profits while buying other assets when they are down in price.

You can do your rebalancing manually or automatically. Some investors check in on their portfolio regularly (monthly, quarterly or annually) and adjust it if necessary. Others rebalance when a set allocation shifts noticeably.

The Takeaway

As investors and businesses take stock of their assets, it’s important to understand all the physical and non-physical items they own that may have value, and whether these can be converted to cash now, or may hold some value or offer some growth in the future.

Different assets have different values, different levels of liquidity, and perform differently under different market conditions. In addition, some assets can be riskier than others. It’s important to view one’s assets not as fixed items, but as parts of a dynamic whole that require oversight in order to manage risk and aim for better outcomes where possible.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.


Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

Why is it important to have assets?

For businesses and individuals alike, assets can provide a base of financial stability and may offer the potential for growth. Assets are rarely fixed; the value of most assets changes over time or according to market conditions. In that sense, investors may want to manage the potential risks and rewards of different types of assets.

What is asset allocation?

Asset allocation refers to the mix of different securities in an investment portfolio, and it can be considered a reflection of an investor’s financial goals and risk tolerance. For example, an investor may have a more equity-focused asset allocation in their retirement account when they’re younger, and a fixed-income allocation when they’re older and may want to avoid undue risk exposure.

What are assets vs income?

Assets are the physical or intangible (non-physical or digital) items which a company or individual owns that possess monetary value; meaning, assets can be converted to cash, or may offer future gains. Income refers specifically to liquid cash flow or earnings that come from work, business operations, product sales, and more. In some cases, an asset may be income producing, e.g., an intellectual property license or a rental property.


INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.


S&P 500 Index: The S&P 500 Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the U.S. It is not an investment product, but a measure of U.S. equity performance. Historical performance of the S&P 500 Index does not guarantee similar results in the future. The historical return of the S&P 500 Index shown does not include the reinvestment of dividends or account for investment fees, expenses, or taxes, which would reduce actual returns.
Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Mutual Funds (MFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or clicking the prospectus link on the fund's respective page at sofi.com. You may also contact customer service at: 1.855.456.7634. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.Mutual Funds must be bought and sold at NAV (Net Asset Value); unless otherwise noted in the prospectus, trades are only done once per day after the markets close. Investment returns are subject to risk, include the risk of loss. Shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of a mutual fund will not protect against loss. A mutual fund may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN-Q425-013

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Two people sitting together, one with a laptop and the other with a tablet, working on their financial goals.

Goal-Based Investing: A Comprehensive Guide

Using a goal-based investing strategy means to focus more on specific outcomes related to an individual’s goals, rather than trying to outperform the market or certain market benchmarks. Investment goals will and do vary from investor to investor, so a goal-based investing approach will vary as well – the specifics will all depend on an investor’s individual goals.

If goal-based investing sounds appealing, it’s important to understand how it works. Read on to learn what you need to know to put together a goal-based investment strategy.

Key Points

•  Goals-based investing focuses on specific financial outcomes related to an investor’s goals rather than market benchmarks.

•  To implement the strategy, an investor determines specific goals with different timelines.

•  The next step is to come up with tailored strategies for each goal.

•  It’s critical to regularly track goals and adjust investments as needed.

•  Individuals may want to consider professional guidance for goal development and investment planning.

What Is Goals-Based Investing?

Goal-based investing, also known as goals-driven investing, is exactly what it sounds like — it’s an investment approach focused on your financial goals, rather than on market benchmarks.

Traditionally, investment strategy focuses on portfolio returns and measuring risk tolerance, or how much risk you want in your investments. Those factors would then determine your investment strategy and portfolio makeup. Investments can make money in a number of different ways, including yielding capital gains, interest, or dividends, which translate to earnings for the investor.

With a traditional investment strategy, what you choose to invest in, and how much, is known as your asset allocation. And your asset allocation is determined by what you want out of your investment returns and your investment timeline. For example, your investment strategy might be different if you’re going to retire in five years compared to someone who plans to retire in 25 years.

Goals-based investing, by contrast, measures your portfolio against your goals. That allows you to plan for different goals, such as your children’s education or your own retirement, with different investment strategies.

Crafting and Implementing a Goal-Based Investment Strategy

The key to goal-based investing is figuring out short-term financial goals and long-term financial goals. Here’s how to do that.

Identifying Financial Goals and Assessing Risks

In the short term, goals could include saving for a vacation or a wedding; something like a down payment on a house might be a medium-term goal; and saving for retirement — whatever kind of retirement you envision — is perhaps the longest-term goal.

Some common financial goals include: saving up an emergency fund; accumulating enough for a large purchase, like a car or a trip; paying for your kids’ colleges; putting a down payment on a house; caring for elderly parents and other loved ones; and planning for retirement. These all require different strategies and different timelines.

The Process: Discover, Advise, Implement, and Track

The first step in developing your goals and implementing them into a goal-based investment strategy is to take a realistic look at your current financial situation. Talking to a financial professional or advisor may help you refine and clarify your financial objectives. Then, create targets and separate accounts for your various goals.

From there, you’ll want to actually implement your strategy as it aligns with your goals. That likely includes figuring out the investment strategy for each of your accounts, such as an online investment account. For example, you might have a different investment strategy for savings you’re going to use in five years, versus your retirement savings that you’re going to use in 20 years.

Tracking is the final item on the list – you’ll want to keep an eye on your accounts and make sure that you stay on track with your goals, or change gears when needed.

Practical Aspects of Goal-Based Investing

Goal-based investing has some practical advantages, such as that you can adapt your investment strategy to meet your needs. Many households have far more goals than just retiring — and they have not, historically, had a way to plan for them. The other benefit of goals-based investing is a bit more psychological.

A number of recent studies and research also suggest goals-based investing can have a behavioral impact on how you act — including, how invested you are in your investments and how emotionally you react to market fluctuations. Having a goal helps you focus your efforts. But where to focus them?

Typical Goals and Associated Risks

Some typical investing goals include retirement, a child’s education fund, or even a vacation or new car – there really isn’t a limit. Some people may simply want to accrue a lot of money in a retirement account, like $1 million. For some, that’s doable, given enough time, resources, and fortunate market swings.

But each of those goals has its own risks. For instance, investing to try and accrue enough money to retire likely involves a long-term strategy, and an aggressive one. That may mean investing in riskier assets that are more volatile. Alternatively, investing with the goal of accruing enough money to take a vacation in three years may mean using a less-risky strategy, and investing in different types of stocks, bonds, or other securities.

Bucketing Goals into Broad Categories

Many investors will likely have a number of goals. As discussed, those can include retirement (a long-term goal), with vacations, saving for college, or other goals that are shorter-term. For some investors, it may be helpful to mentally “bucket” those goals into different categories to help reach them.

For example, it may be useful to group shorter-term goals together, and utilize a higher-risk, higher-potential-reward strategy to try and reach them sooner. They could use a less-risky approach to their longer-term goals, such as retirement or funding a child’s education.

Goal-Based Investing with Professional Guidance

As discussed, some investors may find developing a goal-based investing approach to be easier with some professional guidance.

Working with Financial Advisors for Goal-Based Planning

Investors may opt to work with a financial professional, such as a financial advisor, for any number of reasons, and developing some goals and implementing those goals into an investing plan could easily be one of them. There are financial professionals out there who specialize in goal-based planning approaches, too.

Essentially, working with a professional to develop a strategy would likely involve identifying or tagging the specific goals or objectives an investor is trying to reach, and then creating a specialized investing plan or roadmap to get them there. Again, the specifics of such will depend on an individual investor, but in general, investors could probably expect some introspection into their hopes for the future, and some discussion with the financial professional as to how, specifically, to achieve those hopes.

Evaluating and Adjusting Your Investment Strategy

Many investors will implement a strategy and then need to tweak or adjust it as they go along – the market isn’t static, after all, and things change. So it’s important to be ready to evaluate and adjust your strategy over time.

Keeping Your Investment Plan Up to Date

While the market will see ups and downs over time, other things will change, too. The economy will expand and contract, investors may have different jobs and income levels, and interest rates may change, too. This can all have an effect on your investment plan, and may require changes.

An investor can do those with the helping hand of a professional, of course, but the point is that a static plan likely won’t be the most efficient in a dynamic world.

Adapting to Changes in Goals and Market Conditions

Goals-based investing also gives you more buy-in as an investor, and more of a say in the process. However, the danger of goals-based investing is that you might not fully know what your goals are — or, more likely, what your goals will be down the road. Researchers have found that we often fail to predict how much we will change in the next decade, and in turn, that can have a distorting effect on our goals and how we plan for them.

For example, right now, you might think you want a low-key retirement in a rural woodsy cabin, but what happens if you only invest enough to purchase a small cheap plot of land and then you change your mind in 20 years and need more money? That’s also why you want to re-evaluate your goals regularly and change your investing strategy as appropriate.

Goal-Based Investing Examples

Here’s a simple example of a goal-based investing example: Let’s say an investor’s goal is to accrue enough money to purchase a house. So, they’re aiming for a 20% down payment on a $400,000 home – a total of $80,000. And, they want to start with an initial investment of $50,000, and reach their goal within six years.

Accordingly, the aim is to return about 8% per year over a six-year period. With that goal in mind, the next step is to implement a strategy that has the best possibility of attaining that goal. That means choosing how to deploy or allocate the initial investment to try and give themselves the best chance of reaching their goal.

Again, it may be helpful to have some professional guidance, but an investor may look at investing in specific ETFs or mutual funds, and certain stocks. There’ll be risks to consider, and a bit of tea-leaf reading to try and sense where the market is going. It won’t be easy, but it’s possible to reach that goal.

Similar strategies could be enacted for other goals, too, like building an emergency fund or retiring. But the nuts and bolts of it all will depend on the individual investor.

The Takeaway

Goal-based investing is a way to plan for different goals with different investment strategies. Investors can have short-term, medium-term, and long-term goals, and with goals-based investing, they can have a different investment plan, and a different investment account, for each goal. Investors interested in this approach should be ready to re-evaluate their goals on a regular basis and change their investment strategies as need be.

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FAQ

What are some goal-based investing strategies?

Goal-based investing strategies include a timeline strategy that categorizes goals into short-term, medium-term, and long-term objectives; and a goals-prioritization strategy that breaks down goals into those that are essential, like retirement, those that are important, but not necessary, such as a milestone anniversary vacation, and those that would be nice to have, but you can go without, such as a beach house.

Who is goal-based investing best for?

Goal-based investing may be an option for individuals who are saving for a number of different goals with different timelines, and who are looking for a personalized investment approach for each one. For example, someone saving for a vacation in three years, their child’s education in 10 years, and their retirement in 20 years, might want to have a different investment strategy for each of these.

What are some risks of goal-based investing?

Risks of goal-based investing may include failing to earn enough money to reach a goal; not re-evaluating your goals and your strategy on a regular basis and making changes as necessary; and focusing too much on a single goal, like your child’s education and not devoting enough attention and investments to your other goals, like retirement.


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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Mutual Funds (MFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or clicking the prospectus link on the fund's respective page at sofi.com. You may also contact customer service at: 1.855.456.7634. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.Mutual Funds must be bought and sold at NAV (Net Asset Value); unless otherwise noted in the prospectus, trades are only done once per day after the markets close. Investment returns are subject to risk, include the risk of loss. Shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of a mutual fund will not protect against loss. A mutual fund may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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How Much Does It Cost to Study Abroad?

College study abroad programs offer students an extraordinary chance to explore a new part of the world while earning credit toward a degree. Each year, more than 300,000 American students study, engage in internships, or volunteer abroad for academic credits, according to the U.S. Department of State.

Despite the culturally rich and memorable experience this offers, the cost of studying abroad can be a barrier to many students. On average, study abroad programs cost between $15,000 and $22,000 per semester.

Read on to learn more about the costs involved in spending a semester or year abroad, how financial aid can help, plus other ways to make studying abroad more affordable.

Key Points

•   Studying abroad can cost anywhere from $15,000 to $22,000 per semester.

•   Third-party programs are generally more expensive but offer more support.

•   Beyond tuition, essential costs include airfare, passport and visa fees, housing (if not included), meals, local transportation, and health insurance.

•   Financial aid, including federal and private student loans, grants, and scholarships, can help offset the cost of study abroad programs.

•   To qualify for federal aid for study abroad, your home university must participate in federal student aid programs and approve of your study abroad program.

Average Cost of Study Abroad Programs

The cost of studying abroad depends on two main factors — where you go and whether you enroll directly through your host university or use a third-party provider.

Generally, enrolling in a third-party study abroad program is more expensive. It provides you with more hand-holding and guidance in the pre-planning stages and while you’re living and studying overseas.

Average study abroad costs through a third-party provider can range anywhere from $15,000 to $22,000 per semester depending on location. These programs usually include housing and sometimes meals. Depending on the country, the cost of tuition could be significantly lower if you directly enroll in a foreign university.

If your home school has its own study abroad program, the tuition may be the same as it is stateside, though they may tack on some extra fees.

The cost of studying abroad goes beyond tuition, however. You will need to budget for other expenses like housing (if it’s not included), meals, airfare, transportation, entertainment, and books and supplies.

💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a competitive-rate, no-fees-required private student loan that covers up to 100% of school-certified costs.

What the Cost to Study Abroad Covers

Here’s a breakdown of some of the key costs involved in studying abroad.

Getting There

You’ll need a round-trip plane ticket to get to and from your study abroad program, which can cost anywhere from several hundreds to thousands of dollars, depending on what part of the world you travel to. On top of your flight costs, you’ll need a passport. A new U.S. passport costs $165 and can take up to 10 weeks to process.

Many countries also require American students to get a travel visa in advance when visiting the country for studies. Costs vary widely by country. A student visa from Australia costs around $1,085, while one from South Africa runs about $36. Some countries, like Germany, don’t require U.S. visitors to get a student visa for studying abroad.

Recommended: 11 Ways to Make College More Affordable

Tuition and Living Costs

Typically, the price of a study abroad program will include tuition and fees at your host school, as well as some form of housing. If you directly enroll in a foreign university, you may need to pay tuition and housing separately. Either way, food is generally an additional expense.

Here are some examples of how much it can cost to study and live abroad:

In you go to Italy:

•   Average cost of a semester (including housing) through a third-party provider: $17,000-$21,300

•   Average cost of a semester (without housing) through direct enrollment: $1,500-$6,000

•   Average monthly cost of living (including rent): $1,200-$1,700

If you go to Costa Rica:

•   Average cost of a semester (without housing) through direct enrollment: $1,500-$3,000

•   Average cost of a semester (including housing) through a third-party provider: $8,500-$11,500

•   Average monthly cost of living (including rent): $1,100-$1,400

Recommended: How to Budget as a College Student

Local Transportation

Transportation expenses likely aren’t covered in the cost of your program. You might decide to take public transportation and purchase a metro pass, or rely on rideshare services. Either way, you’ll likely encounter some form of transportation cost while you’re abroad.

You may also want to take excursions to other cities or countries during time away. So it’s a good idea to factor in some extra funds for airfare/train tickets, food, and lodging for nearby travel. Keep in mind that financial aid won’t cover voluntary travel expenses beyond the cost of your initial round-trip flight.

Recommended: What to Do When Financial Aid Isn’t Enough

Insurance

Many U.S. universities require students studying abroad to enroll in a health insurance plan to make sure they have adequate coverage for medical issues and emergencies while overseas. At the University of Illinois, for example, students are charged $712 for student health insurance. If your current insurance offers adequate overseas coverage, however, you may be able to opt out of the school’s health insurance plan. Third-party study abroad programs may include overseas health insurance coverage in their fees.

Other Fees

Third-party programs will typically charge a study abroad application fee, which may be $95-$150. Your home school may charge you a study abroad administrative fee. At the University of Iowa, for example, it runs around $1,213 for one semester abroad (for in-state students). You can check with your school’s education abroad office to see how much you might be charged.

In addition, the study abroad program you choose may come with optional costs, like class field trips, short excursions, or cooking classes with a local chef.

How to Pay for Study Abroad

If you’re worried about the high cost of studying abroad, there is good news: Much of your existing financial aid can likely be used for study abroad costs. Here’s a look at how to find funding for study abroad.

Grants and Scholarships

To find out what financial aid you qualify for, you’ll want to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). In addition to FAFSA-based scholarships and grants, there are many scholarships targeted specifically at students studying abroad, which you can uncover using a scholarship search engine. Third-party companies that facilitate study abroad programs also often have their own scholarships.

💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too.

Federal Student Loans

Federal student loans (which may be subsidized or unsubsidized) can be used to pay for study abroad expenses, provided your home U.S. university participates in federal student aid programs and your study abroad program is approved by your school.

Federal study abroad loans for U.S. students can be used to pay tuition and fees, room and board, and other eligible expenses. Any leftover funds are disbursed to you, which you could use for travel to your destination country or basic living expenses. However, federal loans may not cover all the costs of studying overseas.

Private Student Loans

If you max out the amount you can borrow in federal loans, you can turn to private student loans to finance the remaining costs. Approval for private student loans typically hinges on your credit history. You may need a cosigner for approval if you haven’t established a credit history or your credit score is lower than the minimum score the lender requires.

Private student loans offer more borrowing power than you can get with the U.S. government, but don’t offer the same protections (like income-based repayment). Rates are also typically higher.

The Takeaway

Spending a summer, semester, or full year abroad can significantly enhance your college experience. But it can also substantially increase the cost, coming in at upwards of $15,000 per semester. Fortunately, there are funding options available to help students manage the cost of study abroad, including scholarships, grants, and student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What’s the cheapest country to study abroad in?

While specific costs can vary, countries like Germany, Sweden, and Iceland are often cited as more affordable options for studying abroad, especially if you plan to enroll directly in a foreign university rather than through a third-party provider. Many of these countries boast free tuition. However, factors like the local cost of living and visa requirements all play a role in determining the overall affordability.

Does FAFSA cover study abroad?

Yes. If you qualify for student aid through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), your awarded aid funds can typically be used toward study abroad costs. If you apply to an overseas school directly, however, the school must participate in federal aid programs. Also keep in mind that your FAFSA aid might not cover the entire cost of studying in another country.

Is a year too long to study abroad?

The ideal length for studying abroad varies depending on individual goals and preferences. Some students find a summer or a single semester abroad is perfect for gaining cultural immersion and academic credit. Others prefer a full academic year to more deeply integrate into the local culture and language. Consider your academic requirements, financial resources, and personal comfort level when deciding on how long to study abroad.


Photo credit: iStock/wsfurlan

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Two students sit on a ledge outdoors, eating sandwiches and drinking from cups, with scooters nearby.

How Much Does a College Student Spend a Month?

Going to college is a costly proposition. On top of tuition and fees, you’ll also need to come up with funds for food, housing, and other living expenses. It can be helpful to develop a rough estimate of what expenses you can expect in college well before you head off to campus and come with a monthly student budget.

The question is, how much money do college students spend per month?

The answer will depend on several factors, including location, extracurricular activities, whether you’re commuting or living on campus, and lifestyle preferences. According to the College Board, students can expect to spend around $3,016 a month (or $27,140 for a nine-month period) on living expenses for the 2025-26 school year.

To break that number down, let’s take a closer look at how much college students spend on food, housing, and other expenses.

Key Points

•   College students spend an average of $3,016 per month on living expenses, including housing, food, transportation, and personal costs.

•   Food averages around $670 per month, split between ~$410 eating off-campus and ~$260 on groceries; campus meal plans average $570 monthly.

•   Housing costs vary widely: dorm rates can range from $9,254 (triple) to $16,504 (single) annually.

•   Transportation costs differ by location and living arrangement, but can range from $1,050 to $1,786 per academic year.

•   Miscellaneous spending (entertainment, internet, phone, health, travel, etc.) can significantly impact budgets, though discounts and campus resources can help reduce costs.

Financial Considerations for College Students

The first step towards creating a college student monthly budget is to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). This will give you access to federal financial aid, including grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans. Colleges may also use the FAFSA when allocating their own scholarships and grant awards to students.

Financial aid is intended to be used for college-related expenses, such as tuition and fees, textbooks and supplies, and room and board. However, it may not fully cover the cost of attending college. To cover any gaps in funding, you may need to tap multiple sources of money, such as savings, summer jobs, and taking out private student loans.

To help students figure out exactly how much money they’ll need for college, schools typically post the average cost of attendance on their websites. These listings will usually include the average cost of housing, food, books/supplies, transportation, and personal expenses for students attending that school.

What Do College Students Spend Money On?

Budgeting in college will look different for every student. Some college costs will get paid up front (like tuition, fees and, in some cases, room and board), while other expenses will need to be paid on a monthly or daily basis. To estimate how much spending money you’ll need, let’s take a closer look at what college students spend money on each month, and how much they typically spend in each category.

Food

Food eats up about 30% of a college student’s monthly budget, according to the College Board. To build out a college student food budget, you’ll need to consider whether you’ll be on the school’s food plan, if you’ll do some cooking, and how often you’ll likely eat out.

On average, college students spend $672 on food per month, according to the Education Data Initiative. To break that total down further, students spend, on average, $410 a month eating off-campus and about $263 a month on groceries for cooking meals at home.

College students can choose to pay for a meal plan that provides an allotted number of meals from campus dining halls or restaurants. (Freshmen are often required to purchase a meal plan). Meal plans have the benefit of being a fixed and predictable cost. The average meal plan costs $570 a month.

Housing

How much do college students spend per month on housing? Monthly housing costs will vary depending on location and whether a student lives on or off campus.

According to the College Board’s 2024 Trends in College Pricing Report, average room and board ranged from $10,390 at public two-year institutions to $15,250 at private four-year institutions for the 2024-2025 academic year. Note that room and board includes both housing and food costs, so let’s unpack the housing portion further.

The cost of living in a dorm or residence hall usually varies based on the occupancy per bedroom and number of people in a suite or apartment. You can expect to pay more for a single bedroom than a double or triple that you’ll share with other students. For example, the cost of a single occupancy room at UCLA is $16,504 for the 2025-2026 academic year; living in a double or triple cost $12,498 and $9,254, respectively.

How much students spend on off-campus housing is influenced by the cost of living by state and city, and whether they’ll live alone or with roommates. The average monthly housing rental costs in California range from $1,599 (for a studio) to $2,304 (for a three- bedroom apartment) per month, while the average cost for Pennsylvania is between $988 (for a studio) and $1,352 (for a three-bedroom apartment) per month.

Transportation

From getting to class to traveling home for holidays and breaks, students need to factor transportation costs into their monthly budget. How much should college students spend a month on transportation?

If you’ll be living on campus, you likely won’t need to spend a lot, since classes may be within walking distance and colleges typically provide some form of transit services, like shuttle buses, to connect academic buildings. Students living off campus may require a car to get to class, which can significantly add to transportation costs. Filling up at the pump alone can cost $130 to $200 a month for the average driver in the U.S.

Transportation costs will also vary by where you go to school — and how far away it is from home. At the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for example, students (including those living on and off campus) spend an average of $1,050 per academic year on transportation. At the University of Texas at Austin, student transportation costs run $1,786 per academic year on average.

Recommended: The Financial Benefits of Community College

Miscellaneous

Your monthly college expenses will likely go beyond the big categories, like food, housing, and transportation. Some possible miscellaneous costs you may want to include in your college budget:

•   Entertainment (e.g, going to the movies, concert tickets)

•   Cell phone plan

•   Cable/internet

•   Prescriptions/medical expenses

•   Clothing

•   Gym membership

•   Hobbies

•   Personal grooming

•   Gifts for friends/family

•   Travel for fun (such as weekend/spring break trips with friends)

To keep your miscellaneous and personal costs from getting too high, you’ll want to keep an eye out for student discounts and take advantage of free activities offered through your college.

Is College Worth It?

There are many reasons to go to college — exploring career paths, growing your social network, having fun, and learning life skills — but the return on investment (ROI) is a key consideration when comparing schools and programs. To determine your ROI, you’ll need to look at the cost of going to college and its impact on your potential future earnings.

For the 2025-2026 academic year, the average cost of tuition and fees for a public four-year college was $11,371 as an in-state student and $25,415 for out-of-state students. Meanwhile, the average sticker price for attending a private four-year college was $44,961.

When you multiply annual college costs by four years, the final tally is no small sum. And while graduates with bachelor’s degrees typically earn more than those without, you likely won’t recoup your investment right away. So is college worth it?

According to an April 2025 analysis by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the ROI of a college education was 12.5% in 2024, which more than meets the definition of a sound investment. In recent years, the median college graduate earned about $80,000, compared to $47,000 for the median worker with only a high school diploma, a difference of $33,000. Over a person’s entire working life (which may be 40-plus years), that premium adds up to a benefit well in excess of the cost of college.

In short, college may well be worth it.

Pros and Cons of Going to College Online

Online college and virtual learning opportunities have become increasingly common. On a per credit basis, online college tuition isn’t always cheaper. However, a virtual college student’s monthly budget often has lower expenses for room and board than students who live on or close to campus.

Here’s a look at some potential advantages and drawbacks to going to college online.

Pros

•   Flexible schedule: Classes are often designed to accommodate students with work or family responsibilities.

•   Convenience: Students can learn from anywhere — no commuting or relocating required.

•   Lower living expenses: When attending college virtually, you can live anywhere (even at home), which can save money on housing.

Cons

•   Fewer majors available: Degree programs and majors that require hands-on learning like lab exercises are unlikely to be offered online.

•   Limited networking: Virtual students have less opportunities to engage with professors and classmates.

•   Increased screen time: A greater reliance on technology for lectures and coursework can mean a lot of time spent in front of a computer.

How Can I Increase My Chances of Getting a Job After College?

You can increase your chances of getting a great job after college by preparing for the job hunt well before graduation.

One key strategy is to complete a college internship either during the semester or over the summer. This can provide valuable work experience while allowing you to try out different careers and job sectors. Internships are typically part-time commitments during the academic year and may be full-time during summer break. Some internships are paid, while others count as college credit. Applying and interviewing for an internship is also an opportunity to hone your interview skills before entering the post-grad job market.

You can also better your chances of getting a good job after college by taking advantage of on-campus resources. College career services offices can often provide job leads, networking opportunities with alumni and employers, and assistance preparing for interviews. It’s also a good idea to ask a professor for a letter of recommendation — a common requirement for job applications — while still enrolled in school.

The Takeaway

A college student’s monthly budget will depend on multiple factors, including geographic location, whether they live on or off campus, the type of institution, and personal habits. After tuition and fees, housing and food often represent the largest budget categories for college students. Covering the cost of college often involves tapping a mix of funding sources, including scholarships, grants, savings, and loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What is the 50/30/20 rule in college?

The 50/30/20 rule is a budgeting guideline that suggests allocating 50% of your income to needs (like housing and food), 30% to wants (like entertainment and dining out), and 20% to savings and debt repayment. For college students, this rule can be a helpful framework, though the percentages may need to be adjusted based on circumstances, such as whether tuition and housing are already covered by financial aid or family contributions.

Is $500 a month enough for a college student?

It depends on what costs are already covered. On average, college students spend $3,016 per month on living expenses, including housing, food, and other personal costs. If housing is already covered, $500 may be enough to cover food (off a meal plan), but you may be limited in how often you can eat out.

Is it possible to make $2,000 a month in college?

Making $2,000 a month in college is possible, but it depends on several factors like the availability of part-time jobs, internship opportunities, and the student’s course load. Many students balance their studies with part-time work or paid internships to cover expenses. The average income for a college student working part-time can vary significantly by location and the type of work.

What is a realistic grocery budget for a college student?

On average, college students spend about $263 a month on groceries for cooking meals at home. However, this can vary based on individual dietary habits, whether they have any type of meal plan, and the cost of groceries in their location.


Photo credit: iStock/martin-dm

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