How Does Raising Interest Rates Help Inflation?

A small, steady amount of inflation is a sign of a healthy economy. But when prices rise too much too quickly, it lessens purchasing power, straining consumers and businesses.

Fortunately, the Federal Reserve (aka, “the Fed”) has a tool in its back pocket that can help tamp down inflation — the federal funds rate. By raising this benchmark rate, the government influences other interest rates, including rates for consumer and business loans. This makes borrowing more expensive and can help cool the economy, bringing inflation under control.

That said, raising interest rates doesn’t lower the pace of price increases overnight. There are also some risks involved in raising the federal funds rate too aggressively. Here’s a closer look at how interest rates and inflation interact.

Key Points

•   To help control inflation, the Federal Reserve may raise the federal fund rate, which typically raises the interest rates offered by financial institutions.

•   Raising interest rates makes borrowing more expensive, which tends to reduce consumer and business spending.

•   Higher interest rates also encourage saving, since consumers will typically see higher interest rates on their savings accounts.

•   It can take time for the Fed’s interest rate hikes to effectively ease the price of goods and services, and there are other factors that can affect pricing.

•   Potential downsides to rising interest rates may include an economic slowdown, increased unemployment, and an increase in the cost of financing government debt.

The Relationship Between Interest Rates and Inflation

Inflation is generally defined as a sustained increase in the price of goods and services consumers regularly buy. While the inflation rate can be measured in a number of different ways, the Fed typically uses the Personal Consumption Expenditures Index (PCE) as its main measure of inflation. The PCE tracks changes in consumer spending on a wide range of goods and services.

The Fed has a stated goal of keeping inflation around 2% each year, as measured by the annual increase of the PCE index. To control inflation, the Fed will often take steps to influence interest rates. When interest rates are high, it costs more for consumers to use credit cards and take out mortgages and car loans. As a result, they typically start spending less. When demand for goods and services falls, it puts pressure on businesses to lower prices. Higher interest rates also help reduce spending by encouraging saving, as consumers benefit from higher yields on savings accounts.

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Mechanisms of Interest Rate Increases

In the U.S., decisions on monetary policy are made by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which is made up of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve as well as five of the presidents of the 12 Federal Reserve banks. Congress has mandated the Fed to set monetary policy so as to promote maximum employment and stable inflation (generally around 2% annually).

The members of the FOMC meet regularly to discuss monetary policy, viewing various economic indicators such as the employment rate, inflation rate, and current interest rates. Based on these market factors, they set the country’s target interest rate, known as the federal funds interest rate (also known as the federal funds target rate).

The federal funds rate acts as a reference for the interest rates big commercial banks charge each other for the overnight loans. A change in the rate that banks charge each other for loans impacts other market rates (like the prime rate) and, consequently, interest rates offered by banks and other financial institutions to consumers and businesses.

Effects of Higher Interest Rates on the Economy

When the Fed raises interest rates, it can have a number of effects on the economy, including:

•   Reduced household spending. When interest rates on credit cards go up, consumers generally spend less on their cards. In order to afford credit card payments that now may be higher, they might also cut overall spending on goods and services.

•   Slowdown in home sales. Higher rates on mortgages make it more expensive to buy a home. As a result, many consumers may decide to continue renting and hold off on purchasing a home.

•   Sluggish business growth. When the cost of financing goes up, businesses may decide to hold off making large purchases or other investments in expansion and growth.

•   Increased saving. Higher interest rates on savings accounts, especially high-yield savings accounts, incentivize saving, since account holders will earn a higher return on their balances.

•   More foreign investment. Higher interest rates can attract foreign investors looking for better returns on their investments, which can increase demand for U.S. currency.

Recommended: APY vs Interest Rate

How Higher Rates Combat Inflation

When the federal funds rate rises, it sets off a ripple of effects in the U.S. economy. It makes it more expensive for commercial banks to borrow from each other, more expensive for businesses to finance large projects, and more expensive for consumers to get mortgages and other types of loans. This ultimately leads to less borrowing, less spending, more saving (thanks to good interest rates on bank accounts), and less overall money in circulation. Altogether, this tends to have a cooling effect on the economy, which helps to lower inflation.

It’s important to keep in mind, however, that the impacts of monetary policy set by the Fed are generally not swift. It can take upwards of 12 months for a rate hike to wend its way through the economy and actually ease prices. It’s also important to keep in mind that there are many things that impact inflation — from supply chains to labor costs to consumer demand. Interest rates are only one influencing factor.

Recommended: 10 Ways To Save Money Fast

Potential Drawbacks of Raising Interest Rates

While raising interest rates can be an effective tool for fighting inflation, it is not without its drawbacks. Here’s a look at some of the potential downsides of raising interest rates.

•   Economic slowdown: As borrowing becomes more expensive, businesses may delay expansion or cut back on hiring, leading to slower job creation. Consumer spending may also decline, resulting in reduced demand for goods and services. Over time, this can lead to a slowdown in gross domestic product (GDP) growth, potentially tipping the economy into recession.

•   A rise in unemployment: As businesses face higher borrowing costs, they may reduce their workforce or halt new hiring to cut expenses. Industries that rely heavily on borrowing, such as construction and real estate, can potentially see significant job losses as investment slows.

•   Rise in the government debt costs: When interest rates rise, the cost of servicing the U.S. government’s debt also increases. Higher interest costs can strain the government’s budget and reduce the funds available for other important programs, such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

The Takeaway

Raising interest rates is a powerful tool used by the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the U.S., to control inflation, particularly in an overheating economy. By making borrowing more expensive and encouraging saving, higher interest rates reduce consumer spending and business investments, which can help cool demand and bring inflation under control.

However, this approach is not without its downsides, as it can lead to slower economic growth, increased unemployment, and higher government debt costs.

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FAQ

How quickly do interest rate hikes affect inflation?

The effects of interest rate hikes on inflation can take at least 12 months to materialize. Central banks raise rates to reduce borrowing and spending, which in turn lowers demand for goods and services, along with prices. However, it takes time for this chain of events to ripple through the economy. On top of that, inflation is influenced by numerous other factors (including global supply chains, energy prices, and labor markets), which can also delay the impact of rate hikes.

Can raising interest rates cause a recession?

Yes, raising interest rates too aggressively can potentially cause a recession. Higher interest rates increase the cost of borrowing for consumers and businesses, which can reduce spending and investment. If rates rise too quickly or remain elevated for too long, the economy may slow significantly, leading to reduced consumer demand, lower business activity, and ultimately job losses. If economic output contracts for two consecutive quarters, it generally indicates a recession.

What happens to savings accounts when interest rates rise?

When interest rates rise, savings account holders typically benefit from higher returns. In response to rising benchmark rates set by the Federal Reserve, many (though not all) banks and credit unions will increase the interest rates they offer on savings accounts This can make saving more attractive than spending.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Much Is the Down Payment for a $300K House for First-Time Homebuyers?

The median price for single-family homes and condos was $360,000 in the second quarter of 2024. So as expensive as it might sound, $300,000 is squarely in the price range of many first-time homebuyers these days.

If you go by the old rule of thumb and save up a 20% down payment, that means forking over $60,000 up front on a $300,000 home sale. However, most contemporary mortgages allow buyers to put down far less — first-time homebuyers can put down as little as 3%, which comes out to $9,000 on a $300,000 home. That said, there will likely be other upfront expenses to contend with, so saving up even more than that is still a good idea.

Let’s take a closer look at how to prepare for a $300,000 home purchase — including not only your down payment but also the amount of income you need to support your purchase.

First-time homebuyers can
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with as little as 3% down.

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How Much Income Do I Need to Afford a $300K Home?

There’s not one simple answer to this question — because the real question is, “How much income will it take to afford my mortgage payment?” And that question depends on how much your home loan payment turns out to be, whether you have to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI), and more. However, there is some quick napkin math we can do to help get an estimate.

Many financial experts say you shouldn’t be spending more than about 30% of your gross monthly income on housing. To simplify this even further, let’s just say a third of your gross income.

From here, we can do some reverse engineering and estimating to figure out how much income would likely comfortably support a $300,000 home purchase.

Using a mortgage calculator, supposing you purchase a $300,000 home with a $9,000 down payment and a 7.00% interest rate, you can see that your monthly payments would turn out to be about $1,900 a month. (Note: These figures are only estimates, and your real monthly payment will depend on your creditworthiness, your lender’s unique algorithm, and other factors.)

Using that one-third rule above, you’d need to be earning about $5,700 per month ($1,900 times three) before taxes to make your mortgage payments without overextending yourself financially. That comes out to an annual income of about $68,400.

Using a mortgage calculator with taxes and insurance, will get you even closer to your true monthly number. When you factor in taxes and homeowners insurance, your monthly payment would be closer to $2,300. Returning to the one-third rule, you would need an annual income of $82,800.

Of course, if you have large amounts of existing debt, you may need a higher income to comfortably make your payments. Still, this is a good point of reference to start with.

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How Much Is the Down Payment for a $300K House?

As mentioned above, the 20% down payment you’d need to avoid paying PMI is $60,000 for a $300,000 house. But with conventional mortgages that allow qualified first-time homebuyers to put down as little as 3%, your down payment could be just $9,000. (Depending on your credit score and other financial information, you may need to put down 5%, which would come out to $15,000.)

Keep in mind, though, that the down payment isn’t the only upfront expense of homeownership. It doesn’t include closing costs, which could be as much as 3% to 6% of the home purchase price (which means another $9,000 to $18,000, for a $300,000 home). You’ll also need to factor in expenses related to moving, furnishing, repairing, and renovating your new home.

What Are the Down Payment Options for a Home Worth $300K?

Which down payment you’ll qualify for depends on the type of mortgage you take out and your credit history.

•   No matter what type of mortgage you choose, if you put down 20%, or $60,000, you’ll avoid paying mortgage insurance (PMI) as part of your monthly payment.

•   If you qualify for a conventional mortgage, you may be eligible to put down as little as 3%, or $9,000. (Other borrowers may be qualified for 5%, or $15,000.)

•   Those who qualify for an FHA home loan as a first-time homebuyer may put down as little as 3.5%, or $10,500.

•   If you’re an active service member, veteran or surviving spouse, you may qualify for a VA loan. In some cases, you may be able to get a VA loan without any down payment at all.

If even a modest down payment feels out of reach, down payment assistance programs can also help.

What Does the Monthly Mortgage Payment Look Like for a $300K Home?

Again, your monthly mortgage payment will vary depending on your down payment, interest rate, the term of the loan (usually 15 or 30 years), and more. In calculating your specific loan options, your lender will take into consideration your personal credit factors as well as your DTI (debt to income) ratio.

Using a mortgage payment calculator can help. A calculator would show that someone who puts down $9,000 on a $300,000 home for a 30-year fixed-interest mortgage at 7.00% would pay approximately $1,936 per month (not including property taxes, MIP, or homeowners insurance). Note that because of the way loans are amortized, the bulk of your monthly payments will go toward interest, rather than principal, during the first part of the loan’s lifetime.

What to Do Before You Apply for a $300K Mortgage

If you want to maximize your chances for approval when applying for a $300,000 mortgage, consider taking some time to get your financial affairs in order. (Sometimes, life circumstances like a new job or a new baby mean you have to buy a home quickly, so you may not have time to make everything as shiny as you’d like.)

What does this mean? Paying down large existing debts, especially high-interest debt like credit card balances, can lower your DTI and win you more favorable mortgage terms (not to mention making it easier to make ends meet as far as other monthly expenses). Finding ways to increase your income can also improve your application — and make your financial life easier.

Should I Get Preapproved Before Applying for a Mortgage?

Getting preapproved is a great way to understand how much mortgage is available to you based on your current financial standing — and to signal to real estate professionals and sellers that you’re serious. Preapproval differs from prequalification in that it usually does require a “hard” credit check, so you should only do it if you’re truly ready to buy a house when the right one comes along — but if you are, it’ll give you the chance to get your foot in the door quickly.

Recommended: The Best Affordable Places in the U.S.

How to Get a $300K Mortgage

These days, applying for a mortgage is pretty easy and can usually be done in the comfort of your own home. You’ll likely need to upload documentation proving your income and identity to your lender’s online portal — or if you’re more comfortable doing so, you may be able to apply in person and supply documents on paper or via fax.

The Takeaway

The answer to the question “how much is the down payment for a $300K house?” could be as little as $9,000 or as much as $60,000 — or more. In some cases a zero down payment loan is even possible. It all depends on what kind of mortgage you want and qualify for, as well as how much you can reasonably afford to fork over at the closing table.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Can I afford a $300K house on a $70K salary?

If you have minimal debts then a $70,000 salary might be enough to afford a $300,000 house. The size of your down payment and your mortgage interest rate will be important variables. Try to keep your monthly house payments below a third of your monthly gross income.

How much do you need to make to afford a $300K house?

There’s not one set answer to this question, because plenty of factors other than income influence your ability to qualify for a mortgage and comfortably make the payments. A good rule of thumb is to ensure you’re paying no more than a third of your gross monthly income toward housing. You would need an annual income of $82,800 to comfortably afford a $300,000 house when you factor in the mortgage payment, homeowners insurance costs, and taxes.

What credit score is needed to buy a $300,000 house?

Each lender has their own qualification schema as far as credit scores and other creditworthiness markers are concerned. That said, generally speaking, a credit score of at least 620 will help you qualify for more types of mortgages and open your options for shopping around.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency. Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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What are the Most Common Home Repair Costs_780x440

What Are the Most Common Home Repair Costs?

Thanks to high demand and inflation, the cost of home repairs has been on the rise in recent years. In 2023, the average household spent $2,458 on maintenance and $1,667 on emergency repairs, according to Angi’s State of Home Spending Report. The report also found that total spending across home improvement, maintenance, and emergency repairs increased 6% compared to 2022.

The most common home repairs include the usual suspects: electrical, plumbing, HVAC, water damage, and termite damage. Keep reading to learn more about these issues and the cost of repair or replacement, so you can be prepared when reality bites.

Estimated Cost of the Most Common Home Repairs

Low-cost preventive measures — like cleaning your gutters or getting your heating and cooling systems serviced annually — can help keep common home repair costs down. But even with the best preparation, surprises (like a busted pipe or roof leak) happen, and when they do, you can be on the hook for thousands of dollars. Whether you’re a new or longtime homeowner, it’s a good idea to plan for — and budget for — home repairs.

Below is a roundup of the most common home repairs and average costs.

Recommended: How to Pay for Emergency Home Repairs

Foundation Repair

A number of different issues can occur with foundations, some of which are more serious (aka, costly) than others. Among the most common problems are foundation cracks, which can be caused by house settling or changes in soil pressure around the home. Cracks can lead to water damage or cause the walls in your foundation or home to bow. Foundations can also begin to sink, due to changing weather patterns, nearby tree roots, or erosion.

Since the foundation is the footprint of your home, repairs can be complicated and expensive. According to Angi, foundation repair costs can range anywhere from $2,196 to $7,921.

Average cost of foundation repair: $5,056

Electrical Issues

While there are many home repairs you can safely DIY, electrical issues and wiring are generally best left to professional electricians. Working with live wires can be dangerous and faulty electrical work can be a significant fire hazard. Some signs you may need to call an electrician include:

•   Burning smell coming from an outlet

•   Buzzing or sizzling noises coming from an outlet

•   Flickering lights

•   Outlets feel hot to the touch

•   You have 2- rather than 3-prong outlets

•   Circuit breaker continually trips

•   Appliances spark when plugged in

Depending on the length and complexity of the job, the cost of hiring an electrician ranges between $163 and $535. Installing a new outlet can run $200 to $300, for example, while replacing a breaker panel can cost anywhere from $520 to $2,120.

Average cost of electrical repairs: $348

Recommended: What Is the Cost to Rewire a House?

Roof Repair

Your roof protects your home from the elements, so it’s important to keep it in top condition. If you notice any damage or signs of wear and tear, you’ll want to address them sooner rather than later. This can help prevent small problems from becoming serious and expensive. Signs that your roof may be compromised include broken, cracked, curling, or missing shingles, and any interior signs of water damage (such as dark spots or discoloration on walls or ceiling and/or mold or rotting wood in the attic).

The cost of a roof repair will depend on your home’s location, roofing material, size of your home, and the type of roof. On average, costs run between $391 and $1,901. By contrast, a full roof replacement can run between $5,900 to $12,900. Due to the significant price difference, you would generally only invest in a new roof if the damage to your existing roof is extensive or the roof is near the end of its life.

Average cost of roof repairs: $1,133

Repair or Replace a Water Heater

Due to mineral buildup and the routine breakdown of components, water heaters do not last forever. Depending on how extensive the repairs your water heater requires, you can be on the hook for a new unit entirely. And if you’ve ever taken a cold shower in the middle of winter, you know this is one repair that is essential to your quality of life.

On average, homeowners spend anywhere from $221 to $980 on water heater repairs. Your actual bill will depend on the cost of the part needed for the fix, how much your local water heater professional charges for labor, and the length of the job. Where you live and where the water heater is located in your home can also impact costs.

Average cost of water heater repairs: $600

Water Damage

Water damage is fairly common. It can result from a crack in an old pipe, a leaky roof, an unusually strong storm, or sewage backup. To prevent mold growth and further damage, it’s best to fix the issue and clear out moisture as soon as you spot it.

Water damage restoration can involve replacing wallboard, flooring, and/or ceilings, as well as ensuring that no mold spores are left behind to spread once the repairs are complete. Two important factors influencing price are the square footage affected and the type of water (i.e., whether it’s clean or has been contaminated with potentially harmful substances). The cost of water damage restoration generally ranges between $1,300 and $5,600.

Average cost to fix water damage: $3,300

Replacing Pipes

Replacing older pipes is a common home repair often needed after a home inspection. Common problems include dated construction materials with a known problem in their manufacturing, signs of corrosion, clogs, and leaks. And because pipes run behind walls and underground, repair costs often include patching up interior holes and dug-up yards.

The good news is that not all leaks, burst pipes, and signs of corrosion require replacing large amounts of plumbing. Often, a plumber can replace a small section of the pipe affected by the damage. The cost to install pipes for a repair ranges from $370 to $2,108, though it can run higher if the damaged pipes are difficult to access.

Average cost to install pipes: $1,237

Recommended: Renovation vs Remodel: What’s the Difference?

Septic System Repair

A septic tank contains and filters household wastewater. If it is damaged or not functioning properly, it’s important to deal with the problem quickly — otherwise, you could be dealing with a smelly and costly mess. Sewage backups can occur when the septic tank becomes clogged or full, there’s a problem with devices within the tank, or there’s a blockage in the home’s main drain line leading to the tank.

Depending on the type of repair, tank size, permits, and other factors, the cost of a septic tank repair runs, on average, between $630 and $3,035. A small fix like repairing a septic tank lid could cost less ($150 to $500); but if you need to replace the tank, you could be looking at a bill as high as $9,500.

Average cost to repair a septic system: $1,831

Heating or Air Conditioning Repair

Your home’s HVAC (which stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system plays a key role in keeping your home comfortable to live in. Though there are many different types of HVAC systems, they generally all work by using energy to heat or cool the air to a desired temperature. The system may also add/remove moisture and filter your home’s indoor air.

An HVAC system typically has two main components: a heater (which could be a furnace, boiler, or heat pump) and an air conditioning (AC) unit. The type of system you have and the component that’s broken will significantly influence the cost of repairs. For example, an AC system repair can run anywhere from $450 to $2,000, while a furnace repair tends to run between $130 and $1,200. On average, homeowners spend between $130 and $2,000 on HVAC repairs.

Average cost to fix a heating or air conditioning system: $350

Mold Removal

Mold develops inside homes as a result of moisture and can lead to health problems. Signs that you may have a mold problem include:

•   Musty odor in a specific area

•   Discoloration on the walls

•   Peeling, cracking, or warping of floors or walls

•   Leaks or water damage

•   Darkening around tile grout

•   Worsening of allergy symptoms

While you may be able to remove small amounts of mold yourself (provided you’re certain the mold isn’t toxic), often the best option is to hire a mold remediation professional.

The cost for mold removal will vary widely depending on where it is located in your home. Mold growth in hard-to-reach areas, like drywall or your HVAC system, generally costs more to remediate since it can require more time, materials, and labor. The size of the infestation and the type of mold that is growing also influence costs. On average, mold removal runs between $373 and $7,000.

Average cost of mold removal: $2,362

Termite Damage

The problem with termites is that they literally eat away at your house. They can also eat through your budget: The cost to repair termite damage can range anywhere from $1,000 to $10,000 or even more.

Generally, the longer termites chew on the wooden structure of your home, the more costly the repair will be, so it’s key to recognize — and deal with — any signs of a termite infestation early. If you catch a termite problem early, for example, you may only need to replace a few damaged boards or joists, which can run from $250 to $1,000. If the problem goes on for a while, however, you may need to replace damaged walls, framing, or floors — at a cost of $1,000 to $3,000. Worst-case scenario: Termites do enough damage to your home’s infrastructure (like beams or load-bearing walls) that it becomes structurally unsound. A major termite repair job can run from $3,000 to $10,000-plus.

Average cost to repair termite damage: $3,000

Average Cost of Home Repairs

Trying to predict — and budget for — home repairs can be challenging. However, there are several rules of thumb that can help homeowners:

•   The 1% Rule. One common guideline is to set aside approximately 1% of your home’s value annually for home maintenance. So if your home is worth $500,000, you’d want to have $5,000 tucked away in savings to cover general upkeep and repairs for the year.

•   The Square Foot Rule. Since a larger home typically costs more to maintain than a smaller one, another formula is to use the square footage of your home to estimate maintenance and repair costs. With this approach, you set aside $1 for every square foot of livable space. So if your home is 2,300 square feet, you would want to have $2,300 in savings earmarked for home repair costs.

•   The 10% Rule. With this rule of thumb, you put aside 10% of all your main monthly expenses (such as mortgage, taxes, and insurance) for your monthly home maintenance budget. For example, if your mortgage is $1500/month, taxes are $300/month, and insurance is $150/month (a total of $1950), your budget for home maintenance would be roughly $195 per month or $2,340 a year.

If you don’t have enough savings to cover the cost of a necessary home repair, there are financing options, including home equity lines of credit (HELOC) and credit cards (though this can be an expensive choice).

You can also use a personal loan to cover the cost of home repairs or improvements. Available through banks, credit unions, and online lenders, this type of loan (sometimes called a home improvement loan) typically doesn’t require any type of collateral or home equity. However, you usually need good to excellent credit to qualify.

The Takeaway

It’s tough to predict the cost of home repairs. Different budgeting standards suggest putting aside 1% of your home’s value or $1 per square foot annually. In 2023, the average household spent $2,458 on maintenance costs and $1,667 on emergency repairs. Among the priciest home repairs are major foundation work (up to $7,921), roof replacement (as much as $12,900), and septic tank replacement (which can run $9,500). Even expenses like fixing termite damage or replacing a broken water heater can all but consume your savings.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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three pie charts

Which Credit Bureau Is Used Most?

Although Experian is the largest credit bureau in the U.S., TransUnion and Equifax are widely considered to be just as accurate and important. When it comes to credit scoring models, however, there is a clear winner: FICO® Score is used in roughly 90% of lending decisions.

It’s crucial that consumers understand at least the basics of how credit reports work and credit scores are calculated. After all, a high credit score can get borrowers the best deals on loans and credit cards, potentially saving them many thousands of dollars over a lifetime. Read on to learn how you can build a credit history that lenders will swoon over.

Key Points

•   Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax are the three major credit bureaus, with Experian being the largest in the U.S. market.

•   FICO® Score is the most commonly used credit scoring model, influencing approximately 90% of lending decisions across various financial products.

•   Credit scores differ between bureaus due to variations in reported information from lenders, resulting in minor discrepancies across individual credit files.

•   Key factors impacting credit scores include payment history, amounts owed, length of credit history, credit mix, and new credit inquiries, each weighted differently.

•   Consumers can access their credit reports for free annually and should monitor their scores to maintain a healthy credit history and improve borrowing opportunities.

Will My Credit Score Be the Same Across the Board?

In a word, no. Credit scores vary depending on the company providing the score, the data on which the score is based, and the method used to calculate the score.

In an ideal world, all credit bureaus would have the same information. But lenders don’t always report information to every bureau, so there will be variations in your credit file — usually minor — from bureau to bureau.

How Are Credit Scores Calculated?

Regardless of the scoring model used, most credit scores are calculated with a similar set of information. This includes information like how many and what types of accounts you have, the length of your credit history, your payment history, and your credit utilization ratio.

Lenders like to see evidence that you have successfully managed a variety of accounts in the past. This can include credit cards, student loans, personal loans, and mortgages, in addition to other types of debts. As a result, scoring models sometimes include the number of accounts you have and will also note the different types of accounts.

The length of your credit history shows lenders that you have a record of repaying your debts responsibly over time. Scoring models will factor in how recently your accounts have been opened.

Your payment history allows lenders to see how you’ve repaid your debts in the past. It will show details on late or missed payments and any bankruptcies. Scoring models typically look at how late your payments were, the amount you owed, and how often you missed payments.

Each scoring model will place a different weight of importance on each factor. As an example, here are the weighting figures for your base FICO Score:

Payment History

35%

Amounts Owed 30%
Length of Credit History 15%
Credit Mix 10%
New Credit 10%

Recommended: Can You Get a First-Time Personal Loan With No Credit History?

Which Credit Score Matters the Most?

As noted earlier, the credit score that matters the most is generally your FICO Score, since it’s used in the vast majority of lending decisions. There’s really no way to determine which credit score is most accurate, though, because they all use slightly different scoring models to calculate those precious three digits.

Even within your FICO Score, there’s variation. The most widely used FICO Score is FICO 8 (though the company has released a FICO 9 and FICO 10). This differs from previous versions in key ways:

•   Credit utilization is given greater weight.

•   Isolated late payments are given less weight than multiple late payments.

•   Accounts gone to collections for amounts less than $100 are ignored.

In addition, FICO can tweak their algorithm depending on the type of loan you’re applying for. If you’re looking to get an auto loan, your industry-specific FICO Score may emphasize your payment history with auto loans and deemphasize your credit card history.

As you can see, slight differences in method can result in different credit scores even given the same source data.

What Are the Largest Three Credit Bureaus?

The three major credit bureaus are Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. These bureaus collect and maintain consumer credit information and then resell it to other businesses in the form of a credit report. While the credit bureaus operate outside of the federal government, the Fair Credit Reporting Act allows the government to oversee and regulate the industry.

It’s worth noting that not all lenders report to the credit bureaus. You may have seen advertisements for loans with no credit check. Lenders that offer this type of loan won’t check your credit, and typically don’t report your new loan or your loan payments to the credit bureaus. Because these loans are riskier for the lender, they can justify high interest rates (possibly as much as 1000%) and faster repayment schedules. Consumers should beware of predatory lenders, especially risky payday loans and other fast-cash loans.

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How To Find Your Credit Score

Your credit history and score play a large role in your personal finances. They can impact everything from taking out a mortgage or renting an apartment to buying a car and refinancing your student loans. Having an idea of what your credit score is can help you determine what your loan may look like and how much you can afford to borrow.

You can request a free copy of your credit report from each of the major credit bureaus at AnnualCreditReport.com. Typically, your credit reports will not contain your credit scores. However, you may be able to access your FICO Score for free through your bank or credit card company (it may be on your statement or you may be able to see it by logging into your account online). You can also purchase credit scores from one of the three major credit bureaus or FICO. Some credit score services offer free scores to any user, while others only offer sores to customers who pay for credit monitoring services.

Be careful when you pull your free credit reports not to accidentally opt in to an add-on service that will charge you for special tools or credit monitoring.

Building Strong Credit

Credit scores aren’t set in stone. They evolve constantly as new financial information comes in, both positive and negative. Here are some strategic steps to consider for those trying to build a positive credit history:

Make Payments on Time

This includes credit card payments, rent, loans, utilities, and any other monthly bills or payments. Lenders often consider past behavior to be a predictor of future behavior and want to avoid lending money to individuals with a history of missed payments.

Pay Down Revolving Credit

Revolving credit refers to credit cards and credit lines, such as home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). Lenders generally like to see that you use no more than 30% of the total revolving credit available to you. It’s an indicator that you are able to effectively manage your credit.

One popular way to pay down high-interest revolving debt, is to use a debt consolidation loan. These are unsecured personal loans that typically offer lower fixed interest rates compared to credit cards. Getting approved for a personal loan is fairly straightforward, and you can usually shop around for the best personal loan interest rates without it affecting your credit score.

Be Selective About New Accounts

Opening a new credit card or applying for a loan generally involves a hard credit inquiry. Too many hard credit inquiries can have a negative impact on the applicant’s score. So while having a diverse mix of credit is a good thing in the eyes of lenders, opening a number of new accounts at once may be counter-productive.

The Takeaway

All three major credit bureaus — Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion — are more alike than they are different, and any variations in their data are usually minor. Equifax is the largest credit bureau in the U.S., but TransUnion and Equifax are thought to be just as important. When it comes to credit scores, however, lenders prefer FICO Score by a wide margin.

SoFi Personal Loans

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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How Much Does Tree Removal Cost?

Large trees, even landmark ones, sometimes have to be removed when they’re dead, dying, or growing too close to other structures. How much it costs to cut down a tree varies depending on where you live, the tree’s height and diameter, how accessible it is, and other factors. On average, you can expect to pay $750 to remove a tree.

While tree removal is costly, it’s often better to spend the money up front rather than risk a tree falling and causing injury or damage to nearby property. Keep reading to find out what tree removal costs and the complications that may drive up your price.

Average Tree Removal Cost

Removing a tree can range anywhere from $150 to $2,000, with the average landing at $750, according to Angi. Shorter trees will come in on the low end of the range, while larger trees can run between $800 to $2,000. A tall, hard-to-access tree can cost even more — as much as $10,000.

If you have multiple trees to remove, the costs can really add up. While many people throw it on a credit card, that can be an expensive solution. If you need financing, you might consider getting a home equity line of credit (HELOC), which allows you to borrow against the equity in your home as you need it.

Another option is to take out a personal loan for home improvement. These loans don’t require equity in your home or collateral, and many lenders offer same- or next-day funding. However, rates can be higher than home equity options.

Cost of Tree Removal by Type

A tree’s size generally impacts cost more than type. However, some species of trees are not as dense or as compact as others, making them easier (and less expensive) to remove. Determining the type of tree you need to have removed can also give you an idea of its height at maturity and provide insight into potential costs. Here’s a look at costs based on tree type.

Tree Type

Average Removal Cost

Oak $200–$2,000
Cedar $250–$1,500
Pine $250–$1,500
Maple $250–$2,000
Ash $250–$1,800
Palm $650–$1,500
Aspen $1,000–$1,800

Recommended: Typical Landscaping Costs

Factors That Affect Tree Removal Cost

The cost of tree removal typically includes cutting down the tree, cutting it into pieces, and removing the debris. How complicated and time-consuming this process will be determines the price.

To find the right contractor, you may want to call multiple tree removal services and compare quotes on the project. Make sure to ask what exactly their price includes and what extra services or fees may come up.

Here’s a look at some key factors that can affect your tree removal quote.

Size of the Tree

Generally the larger the tree, the higher the cost. Price can make a particularly big jump when a tree exceeds 80 feet tall. At this point, the removal company will need a crane to access the highest branches, along with additional staff to work the machine. This can add as much as $500 to the job.

Here’s a look at tree removal price by tree size:

Size of Tree

Average Removal Cost

Up to 30’ $150–$450
30–60’ $450–$1,200
60–80’ $800–$1,500
Over 80’ $1,000–$2,000

A Tree That Has Already Fallen

Generally, a fallen tree will cost considerably less to remove than one that’s still standing, since the team doesn’t need to do any climbing or careful cutting. It’s just a matter of cutting it up, then removing the debris. You can expect to pay just $75 to $150 to remove a fallen tree.

That said, you generally don’t want to let a dying tree get to the point of falling, as it can do damage to nearby property and/or harm someone standing nearby.

Accessibility

If the tree you need to have removed is in a hard-to-reach or unsafe area, it can make the job harder for the team. This can add 25% to 50% to the total cost of removal. For example, a tree that has heavy branches near your home or is close to the local power lines takes more time and care to remove. A tree that is hard to get to due to obstacles can also be more costly. If possible, consider taking down fences or other structures in the way to reduce costs.

Number of Trees Needing Removal

The more trees you need to have removed, generally the higher the cost. However, you’ll typically save on the cost per tree, since the workers and equipment are already on your property. When multiple trees need to come down, some companies will charge by the acre instead of by specific tree count. Depending on how many trees cover the area, this can cost anywhere from $500 to $6,000 per acre.

Emergency Tree Removal

If a storm has caused a tree to lean perilously close to your home, you’ll want to bring in a tree removal company as soon as possible. Emergency tree removal generally costs more than standard tree removal, particularly after a storm, when these services are in high demand. A particularly urgent tree situation could run as high as $5,000.

Your homeowners insurance may cover the cost of tree removal relating to storm damage, so it’s worth checking your policy or calling them to find out. If a tree has already landed on your home or car, you may want to reach out to your insurer before getting it removed, since they may need to send an agent to assess the situation.

Cleanup and Debris Removal

Another factor that can impact the cost of tree removal is how you choose to handle the debris and stump. Options for debris removal typically include hauling away the tree (which runs around $70), putting it through a chipper so you can use it as mulch (on average, $95), or splitting it into firewood for your home (around $70).

If you don’t want to be left with a stump, the company will typically grind it up using a specialized stump grinder. The cost is around $100 to $150 for the first stump, and $50 for each additional stump.

Recommended: Five Curb Appeal Ideas for Your House

How to Determine If a Tree Should Be Removed

The biggest danger unhealthy trees pose is falling — onto people, homes, cars, or power lines. But even a healthy tree may need to be removed if it’s growing too close to a house or electrical wires. If you’re considering putting your home on the market, removing a threatening tree can give potential buyers one less thing to worry about.

Here are some telltale signs you might have to remove a tree:

•   It’s no longer growing leaves

•   Branches drop randomly (not related to high winds or storms)

•   It’s been significantly damaged by a storm

•   It has dead or dying branches

•   It’s growing too close to your home or other structures

•   The trunk is rotten and hollow

Generally, the first step is to hire a professional arborist to give you an opinion on your tree’s health. Some conditions may look concerning but not necessarily be damaging to the tree. Also, many cities require an arborist’s evaluation before you’re allowed to remove a tree.

Recommended: Top Home Improvements That Increase Your Home’s Value

How Much Does DIY Tree Removal Cost?

Tree removal can be dangerous and is generally best left to the professionals. If you have the experience and skills to do a DIY tree removal, however, you may be able to save some money. You’ll need several items for safety, including gloves, protective goggles, steel-toed boots, a hard hat, chainsaw chaps, and earplugs, which can run $200 to $300. In addition, you’ll need a chainsaw (which can run $50 to $150) and felling wedges (around $20 for six).

If you don’t have the necessary gear, you can expect to invest anywhere from $260 to $470 for a DIY tree removal. However, the risk involved may not be worth the cost savings. Tree removal professionals have access to tools and equipment that make the job significantly safer, including tree-rigging ropes, blocks and pulleys, hooks, ladders, lowering devices, and specialized saws.

The Takeaway

On average, homeowners pay $750 for a single tree removal. Your price will vary depending on the size of the tree, its accessibility, how many trees you’re getting removed, and what you want to do with the debris and stump.

A good first step is to hire an arborist to evaluate your trees and make an informed recommendation about how to manage any risk. If you learn that one or more of your trees needs to come down, it’s a good idea to get quotes from at least three tree removal companies. Generally, attempting DIY tree removal is not a good idea.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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