Dec
30
2024
Guide to Cash Balance Pension Plans

Guide to Cash Balance Pension Plans

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Guide to Cash Balance Pension Plans

A cash balance pension plan is a defined benefit plan that offers employees a stated amount at retirement. The amount of money an employee receives can be determined by their years of service with the company and their salary. Employers may offer a cash balance retirement plan alongside a 401(k) or in place of one.

If you have a cash balance plan at work, it’s important to know how to make the most of it when preparing for retirement. Read on to learn more about what a cash balance pension plan is and the pros and cons.

What Are Cash Balance Pension Plans?

A cash balance pension plan is a defined benefit plan that incorporates certain features of defined contribution plans. Defined benefit plans offer employees a certain amount of money in retirement, based on the number of years they work for a particular employer and their highest earnings. Defined contribution plans, on the other hand, offer a benefit that’s based on employee contributions and employer matching contributions, if those are offered.

In a cash balance plan, the benefit amount is determined based on a formula that uses pay and interest credits. This is characteristic of many employer-sponsored pension plans. Once an employee retires, they can receive the benefit defined by the plan in a lump sum payment.

This lump sum can be rolled over into an individual retirement account (IRA) or another employer’s plan if the employee is changing jobs, rather than retiring. Alternatively, the plan may offer the option to receive payments as an annuity based on their account balance.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

How Cash Balance Pension Plans Work

Cash balance pension plans are qualified retirement plans, meaning they’re employer-sponsored and eligible for preferential tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code. In a typical cash balance retirement plan arrangement, each employee has an account that’s funded by contributions from the employer. There are two types of contributions:

•   Pay credit: This is a set percentage of the employee’s compensation that’s paid into the account each year.

•   Interest credit: This is an interest payment that’s paid out based on an underlying index rate, which may be fixed or variable.

Fluctuations in the value of a cash pension plan’s investments don’t affect the amount of benefits paid out to employees. This means that only the employer bears the investment risk.

Here’s an example of how a cash balance pension works: Say you have a cash balance retirement plan at work. Your employer offers a 5% annual pay credit. If you make $120,000 a year, this credit would be worth $6,000 a year. The plan also earns an interest credit of 5% a year, which is a fixed rate.

Your account balance would increase year over year, based on the underlying pay credits and interest credits posted to the account. The formula for calculating your balance would look like this:

Annual Benefit = (Compensation x Pay Credit) + (Account Balance x Interest Credit)

Now, say your beginning account balance is $100,000. Here’s how much you’d have if you apply this formula:

($120,000 x 0.05) + ($100,000 x 1.05) = $111,000

Cash balance plans are designed to provide a guaranteed source of income in retirement, either as a lump sum or annuity payments. The balance that you’re eligible to receive from one of these plans is determined by the number of years you work, your wages, the pay credit, and the interest credit.

Cash Balance Plan vs 401(k)

Cash balance plans and 401(k) plans offer two different retirement plan options. It’s possible to have both of these plans through your employer or only one.

In terms of how they’re described, a cash balance pension is a defined benefit plan while a 401(k) plan is a defined contribution plan. Here’s an overview of how they compare:

Cash Balance Plan

 401(k)
Funded By Employer contributions Employee contributions (employer matching contributions are optional)
Investment Options Employers choose plan investments and shoulder all of the risk Employees can select their own investments, based on what’s offered by the plan, and shoulder all of the risk
Returns Account balance at retirement is determined by years of service, earnings, pay credit, and interest credit Account balance at retirement is determined by contribution amounts and investment returns on those contributions
Distributions Cash balance plans must offer employees the option of receiving a lifetime annuity; can also be a lump sum distribution Qualified withdrawals may begin at age 59 ½; plans may offer in-service loans and/or hardship withdrawals

Pros & Cons of Cash Balance Pension Plans

A cash balance retirement plan can offer both advantages and disadvantages when planning your retirement strategy. If you have one of these plans available at work, you may be wondering whether it’s worth it in terms of the income you may be able to enjoy once you retire.

Here’s more on the pros and cons associated with cash balance pension plans to consider when you’re choosing a retirement plan.

Pros of Cash Balance Pension Plans

A cash balance plan can offer some advantages to retirement savers, starting with a guaranteed benefit. The amount of money you can get from a cash balance pension isn’t dependent on market returns, so there’s little risk to you in terms of incurring losses. As long as you’re still working for your employer and earning wages, you’ll continue getting pay credits and interest credits toward your balance.

From a tax perspective, employers may appreciate the tax-deductible nature of cash balance plan contributions. As the employee, you’ll pay taxes on distributions but tax is deferred until you withdraw money from the plan.

As for contribution limits, cash balance plans allow for higher limits compared to a 401(k) or a similar plan. For 2024, the maximum annual benefit allowed for one of these plans is $275,000. For 2025, the maximum annual benefit allowed is $280,000.

When you’re ready to retire, you can choose from a lump sum payment or a lifetime annuity. A lifetime annuity may be preferable if you’re looking to get guaranteed income for the entirety of your retirement. You also have some reassurance that you’ll get your money, as cash balance pension plans are guaranteed by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC). A 401(k) plan, on the other hand, is not.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

Cons of Cash Balance Pension Plans

Cash balance pension plans do have a few drawbacks to keep in mind. For one, the rate of return may not be as high as what you could get by investing in a 401(k). Again, however, you’re not assuming any risk with a cash balance plan so there’s a certain trade-off you’re making.

It’s also important to consider accessibility, taxation, and fees when it comes to cash balance pension plans. If you need to borrow money in a pinch, for example, you may be able to take a loan from your 401(k) or qualify for a hardship withdrawal. Those options aren’t available with a cash balance plan. And again, any money you take from a cash balance plan would be considered part of your taxable income for retirement.

Pros Cons

•   Guaranteed benefits with no risk

•   Tax-deferred growth

•   Flexible distribution options

•   Higher contribution limits

•   Guaranteed by the PBGC

•   Investing in a 401(k) may generate higher returns

•   No option for loans or hardship withdrawals

•   Distributions are taxable

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

A cash balance retirement plan is one way to invest for retirement. It can offer a stated amount at retirement that’s based on your earnings and years of service. You can opt to receive the funds as either a lump sum or an annuity. Your employer may offer these plans alongside a 401(k) or in place of one, and there are pros and cons to each option to weigh.

If you don’t have access to either one at work, you can still start saving for retirement with an IRA. You can set aside money on a tax-advantaged basis and begin to build wealth for the long-term.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Is a cash balance plan worth it?

A cash balance plan can be a nice addition to your retirement strategy if you’re looking for a source of guaranteed income. Cash balance plans can amplify your savings if you’re also contributing to a 401(k) at work or an IRA.

Is a cash balance plan the same as a pension?

A cash balance plan is a type of defined benefit plan or pension plan, in which your benefit amount is based on your earnings and years of service. This is different from a 401(k) plan, in which your benefit amount is determined by how much you (and possibly your employer) contribute and the returns on those contributions.

Can you withdraw from a cash balance plan?

You can withdraw money from a cash balance plan in a lump sum or a lifetime annuity once you retire. You also have the option to roll cash balance plan funds over to an IRA or to a new employer’s qualified plan if you change jobs.

Photo credit: iStock/sturti

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

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Dec
30
2024
How to Set Up a Health Savings Account

How Do I Start a Health Savings Account?

By | Building Your Career, Life & Career, money | Comments Off on How Do I Start a Health Savings Account?

A Health Savings Account (HSA) can be set up in three simple steps, and once it’s up and running, it can help you bridge the gap between what your health insurance covers and your actual costs, among other benefits.

Let’s face it: Many of us these days select a High Deductible Health Plan, or HDHP, when it comes to health insurance. That means you may be paying a lower monthly premium in exchange for a high deductible. You could potentially get hit with a lot of unforeseen healthcare expenses before your benefits kick in. And even after you meet that deductible, you may have charges that are not reimbursed. A Health Savings Account (HSA) can help you set money aside to fill that gap.

Setting up an HSA may sound intimidating, as if you’ll have to fill out reams of paperwork, but that’s not at all the case! Whether through an employer or on your own, once you’re ready to start saving, the steps to opening an HSA account can be as simple as filling out an online form with basic information — easy peasy.

Here’s a look at the steps involved, plus a few important considerations before you take the leap.

Key Points

•   Eligibility for a Health Savings Account (HSA) requires enrollment in a high deductible health plan without other health coverage or Medicare.

•   Setting up an HSA involves selecting a provider, completing paperwork, and verifying health plan coverage.

•   Contributions to an HSA are pre-tax, reducing taxable income and allowing tax-free growth, with a maximum limit set annually.

•   Funds from the HSA can be used to pay for a wide range of medical expenses, including those not covered under typical health plans.

•   After age 65, funds can be used for any purpose without penalties, though they will be taxed if not used for qualified medical expenses.

What Is a Health Savings Account (HSA)?

The HSA will be turning 21 soon: In 2003, Congress passed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act which created the Health Savings Account. These accounts were meant to help people with high deductible health plans set aside money to pay for out-of-pocket medical expenses: copays, dental care, eyeglasses, prescriptions, psychiatric help, and more. This can happen both before and after you reach your deductible.

In addition to covering health costs, these tax-free accounts can lower your amount of federal income tax owed. What’s more, HSAs can help with saving for retirement and unforeseen emergencies.

How Does an HSA Work?

A Health Savings Account can work just like a checking account. You can make deposits (or contributions), pay bills online, make transfers, and even pay for qualified medical expenses with an HSA debit card. You are free to withdraw HSA funds at any time to pay for health costs not covered by your high deductible health plan. One big note: Once you enroll in Medicare, you can no longer contribute to an HSA.

Deposits can also be contributed by your employer, with direct deposits made into your HSA straight from payroll. A nice aspect of these plans: Health Savings Account contributions roll over every year, so you don’t have to race to spend the pre-tax funds in your account. If you stay healthy, you can build up your emergency fund as well as your retirement nest egg. Your good health can lead to wealth down the line!

Who Can Open an HSA?

According to Federal Guidelines, you qualify to open a Health Savings Account if you:

•   Are covered under a high deductible health plan, or HDHP.

•   Are not covered by any other health plan, including a spouse’s.

•   Are not claimed as a dependent on someone else’s tax return.

•   Are not enrolled in a disqualifying alternate medical savings account, such as an FSA (Flexible Spending Account) or an MSA (a Medicare medical savings account).

•   Are not currently enrolled in Medicare.

How to Set Up a Health Savings Account

Once you’ve established that the pros outweigh the cons, you may wonder exactly how to set up a Health Savings Account (HSA). Fortunately, the process is pretty straightforward:

Step 1: Research Your HSA Options

If an HSA plan is offered directly through your employer, go to Step Two.
If you’re self-employed, investigate HSA options online, or reach out to banks or other financial entities.

Step 2: Fill Out the Necessary Paperwork

The set-up for an HSA is not unlike opening a bank account. You’ll be provided with paperwork or an online form, where you’ll give basic information such as your Social Security Number and proof of your identity (typically verified by a government-issued photo ID).

Step 3: Complete Verification

Be prepared to offer verification of your high deductible health plan (HDHP).

That’s it! It’s a quick and simple process to set up a Health Savings Account.

Once your HSA is up and running, you may be able to opt for automatic regular deposits from your bank account or straight from your paycheck. There is no minimum amount required to open an HSA, but you typically need at least $1,000 in the account in order to invest in certain mutual funds.

HSA Contribution Limits

For tax year 2024, HSA contribution limits are $4,150 for individuals and $8,300 for families with HDHP coverage. For 2025, HSA contribution limits are $4,300 for individuals and $8,550 for families. Those 55 and older can contribute an additional $1,000 as a catch-up contribution in either tax year. There is never a minimum requirement for deposits. Some ground rules to be aware of:

•  You are covered under a high deductible health plan (HDHP), described later, on the first day of the month.

•  You have no supplemental health coverage except what is permitted under other health coverage.

•  You aren’t enrolled in Medicare.

•  You can’t be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s tax return.

Advantages of an HSA

There are many benefits to opening an HSA. Sure, it can provide a cushion or safety net when it comes to out-of-pocket medical costs. But there are other perks beyond covering the price of a new pair of glasses.

Covering Expenses for You and Your Family

From ambulances to acupuncture, a Health Savings Account can cover the costs your HDHP doesn’t. The IRS has an extensive listof ways you can use your HSA funds. One example: Did you know you can also use your Health Savings Account to pay for medical expenses for a spouse or a child — anyone who is part of your tax household — even if they aren’t on your HDHP? It’s true!

Lowering Taxable Income

Here’s another bonus to having this kind of account: Your HSA contributions are made before taxes are deducted, thereby lowering your taxable income. As a result, you may pay less in taxes.

Rollover Contributions

There’s no “use-it-or-lose it” pressure when you have a Health Savings Account. Unused HSA funds don’t disappear at the end of the year. You can roll them over again and again, accumulating tax-free interest. Those earnings can turn into savings to be invested in the future or used for life’s little surprises — say, a chipped tooth.

Saving for Retirement

At age 65, you can start using the funds in your Health Savings Account for anything, without penalty. Withdrawals will be taxed the same as they would from a 401(k) or IRA, but any funds waiting for use will avoid taxes while earning interest.

Additionally, if you are lucky enough to be able to max out your annual IRA and/or 401(k) contributions, an HSA is another way to save more tax-free money toward retirement. Beyond covering copays, an HSA is a great way to get your money working for you.

Disadvantages of an HSA

Okay, now you know the upside of opening an HSA. But there are potential downsides that are worth knowing about and considering before you sign up.

Penalties for Unqualified Expenses

Until you turn 65, HSA funds cannot be used for anything but eligible medical expenses. To do so would subject withdrawals to income taxes and a 20% penalty.

Monthly Fees

Health Saving Account providers may charge a monthly fee. These fees generally tend to be lower than $5 bucks per month, but they do add up. While there are providers out there that don’t charge account management fees, all will assess an investment fee. Do your homework to find the vehicle with the lowest fees.

Potential Losses

Like an IRA or 401(k), any invested money in an HSA can mean monetary gains and losses. As with any investment account, you need to be prepared for your HSA balance to dip if the market trends downward.

Keeping Tabs for Your Tax Records

HSA contributions and expenditures must be reported on your tax return. It may not be a deal-breaker, but for some people, keeping records of your HSA activity can be a nuisance.

HSA Advantages vs. Disadvantages

Pros Cons

•   Covers an extensive list of out-of-pocket health expenses

•   Can be used for family members

•   Lowers taxable income and therefore may decrease your taxes

•   Contributions roll over to the next year

•   Promotes tax-free savings for retirement

•   Penalties for nonqualified expenses

•   Unexpected and potentially hidden fees

•   Account balance can fluctuate with the marketplace

•   Activity must be reported on your tax return

Things to Consider When Choosing an HSA

If your job offers a Health Saving Plans, great! They’ve done the research for you. Employers may also offer Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs). But unlike FSAs, which are owned by an employer and can be inflexible, a Health Savings Account has higher contribution limits and is controlled by you.

If you are self-employed, do your research. You’ll find an array of Health Savings Plans to choose among; HSA comparison websites can help you navigate the search. Remember to pay attention to any monthly/annual fees so you know exactly what to expect. Ideally, you’ll want an HSA that makes it easy to manage your account online. Many banks and credit unions offer HSAs, so check with your financial institution.

The Takeaway

Once you’ve made the decision to enroll in a Health Savings Account, the steps to set it up are relatively painless. You can start using your HSA funds right away to help cover qualified health-related costs. Contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, don’t need to be used up by the end of the year, and can potentially even help boost your retirement fund. A Health Savings Account goes beyond just covering your healthcare expenses and can serve as one of the best tax-advantaged savings vehicles available. It can enhance your sense of security and keep your wealth growing.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

🛈 While SoFi does not offer Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), we do offer alternative savings vehicles such as high-yield savings accounts.

FAQ

How do I set up an HSA account?

With a valid government-issued photo ID, Social Security number, and proof of your HDHP, you can fill out a basic paper or online HSA form, provided by an employer or financial institution.

Can I start an HSA on my own?

Yes. As long as you are enrolled in an HDHP and not covered under someone else’s policy, you can start an HSA.

How much does it cost to open an HSA?

The initial sign-up is free, and there is no minimum deposit amount to start. But expect investment fees and possibly monthly management fees.

Photo credit: iStock/AndreyPopov

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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2024

Saving Money for Your Grandchildren

By | Budgeting & Goals, Family Finances, money, Money & Life | Comments Off on Saving Money for Your Grandchildren

In addition to spoiling them with toys and ice cream, many grandparents also want to help secure a solid financial future for their grandkids. That can mean setting up a custodial account, considering tax-advantaged savings options, and exploring other ways to start building a child’s wealth.

Below, you’ll learn about the different ways to save money for your grandkids, plus the pros and cons of each.

Why Open an Account for Grandchildren?

Sure, your grandkids might prefer a new video game or Lego set, but you’ll do them a favor, today and tomorrow, by opening a savings account for them. Here are a couple of good reasons to open a savings account for your grandchildren.

Teaching Financial Literacy Early

Money management skills are crucial, but personal finance education can be virtually nonexistent during school. It’s not typical for schools to teach kids how to balance a checkbook, how to invest in stocks, how to save for a down payment on a house, and how to file taxes.

Thus, it’s up to parents — and grandparents — to equip the next generation with financial literacy. Opening an account for your grandchildren can help teach them concepts such as interest, budgeting, and investing.

Getting a Head Start for College and Life

While teaching children how to manage money can give them a head start on the path to financial wellness, so too can providing them with a nest egg that can grow over time through various savings and investing accounts. Consider these options:

•   When you open a savings account for grandchildren early on, they could wind up having a sizable chunk of cash in young adulthood to put toward their first car or even a house down payment.

•   A 529 college savings plan could help them avoid taking on too much debt from student loans.

•   Retirement accounts, such as a Roth IRA, can help them achieve their retirement goals, even if those are more than half a century away. Remember, the earlier someone starts investing, the more they stand to earn in the long run.

Earn up to 4.00% APY with a high-yield savings account from SoFi.

No account or monthly fees. No minimum balance.

9x the national average savings account rate.

Up to $2M of additional FDIC insurance.

Sort savings into Vaults, auto save with Roundups.


Types of Accounts to Consider

Grandparents have many options when it comes to opening an account for their grandchildren, including:

Savings, CDs, and Bonds

Many banks and credit unions offer savings accounts designed for kids. Do a quick search for “best savings accounts for grandchildren” or you could start by seeing if your own bank offers such an account.

Having money in savings at an early age will let your grandkids benefit from compounding interest, especially if you find a high-yield savings account for kids.

You can also consider opening a certificate of deposit (CD) or purchasing savings bonds for your grandchildren. CDs are savings accounts that typically provide a higher interest rate than a standard savings account in exchange for keeping your money in the account for a fixed period of time. Savings bonds, issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury, are a very low risk, longer-term investment that provides interest in return for lending the government money.

With both of these options, the money is less liquid, but if the CD or bond matures when your grandchild is older, they stand to have a reliable source of funds they can use in future years.

Custodial Accounts (UGMA/UTMA)

Beyond savings accounts for grandchildren, you can consider helping your grandkids actually start investing with a custodial account, through the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA) or the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA). Once your grandchild is between 18 and 25 (the exact age varies by state), they’ll take control of the account.

These accounts are taxable (meaning you will owe taxes on interest earned) and have no contribution limits. They’re an easy way to purchase stocks, mutual funds, and other securities for your grandchild — and you can even transfer your own securities into the custodial account.

529 College Savings Plans

The cost of college tuition continues to skyrocket, meaning it’s never too early to start saving. There are several benefits of a 529 college savings plan: While the contributions to this qualified tuition plan aren’t tax-deductible, your grandchild’s distributions from the account tax-free at the federal level, as long as the money is used for qualifying expenses.

A 529 college savings may have “college” in the name, but your grandchild can also use it for other higher education programs, such as a trade or vocational school. You can also roll over 529 funds into a Roth IRA if your grandkids don’t use all (or any) of the funds.

Contributions to a grandchild’s 529 account are not deductible on your federal income tax return. However, close to 30 states offer either a deduction or credit for this kind of contribution.
Another consideration: There’s an annual limit to how much you can give as a gift without triggering taxes. For 2024, the annual gift tax exclusion is $18,000 (for married couples, the combined limit is $36,000). For 2025, the annual gift tax exclusion is $19,000 ($38.000 for married couples). If you were to put more than that into a 529 for a grandchild, you would have to pay a gift tax bill.

IRAs for Minors

Similar to custodial investment accounts, you can open custodial retirement accounts for your grandchildren, including a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA. While your grandkid won’t benefit from this account for decades, starting them early on the path to retirement savings means they could have considerably more money to work with when they reach retirement age.

However, it’s important to note that opening an IRA requires the child to have earned income in a given year. For teens, this can make sense. For a newborn, it is unlikely to be a viable option.

When making contributions to an IRA for a grandchild, note that the amount you deposit is subject to a gift tax exclusion before it becomes taxable. For 2024, this allows up to $18,000 per giftee. Funds given beyond that amount might mean you, the donor, are liable for taxes, though other factors will need to be considered to determine any tax burden.

Choosing the Right Account

Not sure how to choose the right savings account for your grandchildren? Here are some things to consider:

Comparing Interest Rates and Fees

If you’re opening a savings account, compare interest rates — you want an account with a high yield so that the money compounds more quickly over time. For example, currently the average interest rate for standard savings accounts is 0.45%, while the figure for high-yield savings accounts (often from online-only banks) can be several times that number.

For custodial accounts, you’ll want options with low or no fees. It can be wise to shop around and see what options you have from different banks and brokerage firms.

Recommended: How Old Do You Have to Be to Open a Bank Account?

Accessibility and Withdrawal Rules

Certain accounts allow your grandchildren to access funds sooner, while others (like IRAs) have strict rules about when they can withdraw funds and what the funds can be used for (as is the case with 529 plans). Think about the specific timeline and use case you envision for your grandchildren. Sometimes, opening more than one type of account makes sense, depending on how many goals you want to enable for your children’s kids.

Tax Implications and Benefits

Some accounts have tax-deductible contributions; others have tax-free withdrawals. For example, withdrawals from a 529 account are not usually taxable, provided they are used for qualified educational expenses. With a Roth IRA, withdrawals made after your child is older than 59 ½ (as hard as that may be to imagine) are not taxable. With a traditional IRA, taxes are paid when the money is withdrawn, usually in retirement, and are taxable.

Speaking with a financial advisor can help you understand the tax implications of each type of account you’re considering to better understand what you might pay — and what your grandchild might pay.

Setting up and Contributing to the Account

Ready to open a savings account for your grandchildren? Here’s how it works:

Opening and Funding the Account

Follow the bank’s or investment firm’s guidelines for opening the account. You will likely need some specific information from the grandchild’s parents to open the account. You’ll also need to deposit money into the account to start the nest egg. Custodial accounts may even let you transfer your own assets into the account.

Automatic Transfers and Recurring Contributions

If you’d like, you may be able to set up recurring transfers into the account. Perhaps you want a recurring transfer every holiday season or on your grandchild’s birthday. Work with the financial institution to set up these contributions — and perhaps find out how other loved ones might be able to contribute as well.

Monitoring and Managing the Account

After opening an account, it’s important to monitor it and see how the funds grow over time. Just as importantly, once your grandchild is a little older, it’s a good idea to sit down and review the account with them:

•   If it’s a savings account, walk them through how compound interest works.

•   If it’s a 529 plan, talk to them about college costs and how student loans work.

•   If it’s a custodial account, talk to them about the basics of investing and the importance of saving for retirement.

The Takeaway

It’s never too early to start thinking about your grandchild’s future. Savings accounts, 529 plans, and custodial accounts offer several ways for you to give them money that will help them with college, general expenses, and even retirement.

While saving for grandkids is important, it’s also crucial that you take care of your own finances.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What are the contribution limits for custodial accounts?

There are no contribution limits for UGMA/UTMA custodial accounts, but you can only contribute up to a certain amount to avoid gift-tax implications (this changes each year). Contribution limits apply for custodial IRAs just as they would for regular IRAs.

Can grandparents open a 529 plan for grandchildren?

Yes, grandparents can open a 529 plan for grandchildren. If the grandchild’s parents have already set up a 529 plan, grandparents can also contribute to that plan directly. This will simplify account management and withdrawals for the recipient of the funds.

What happens to the account if the grandchild doesn’t need the funds?

If a grandchild doesn’t need funds from a 529 plan for college, they can still use them for trade or vocational schools or roll them into an IRA. Grandparents can also reassign the 529 plan to another grandchild.

Photo credit: iStock/gorodenkoff

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Dec
28
2024
What Are I Bonds? 9 Things to Know Before Investing

What Are I Bonds?

By | Growing Wealth, Investing, money | Comments Off on What Are I Bonds?

I Bonds are a type of savings bond issued by the U.S. Treasury. They are designed to protect against inflation and are generally considered a safe investment because they are backed by the government.

I Bonds are essentially a loan to an entity (in this case the U.S. government), with the promise to return an investor’s money, typically with interest. These bonds also offer some tax advantages.

If you’re considering buying I Bonds and you’re wondering, how do I Bond work?, here’s what you need to know.

Key Points

•   I Bonds are government-backed savings bonds designed to be low-risk.

•   The interest rate of I Bonds combines a fixed rate and an inflation rate, adjusted semi-annually, which together provide the bonds’ composite rate.

•   Tax benefits include exemption from state and local taxes, and possible deferral of federal taxes.

•   Purchase limits of I Bonds are set at $10,000 per individual annually.

•   I Bonds must be held for 12 months before redemption. Cashing them in before holding them for five years incurs a penalty of the last three months’ interest.

How Do I Bonds Work?

I Bonds are a type of savings bond offered by the U.S. Treasury and backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. These bonds offer two types of interest payments: a fixed rate and an inflation rate, which together provide the bond’s composite rate (or yield).

The fixed-rate portion is determined when the bond is purchased, and it remains the same for the life of the bond. The variable rate gets adjusted twice a year, based on inflation rates. The composite rate on I Bonds issued as of November 1, 2024 is 3.11%. If you’re wondering how that rate compares to the interest rate on other types of savings vehicles, the rate on a 60-month certificate of deposit (CD) in November 2024 was 4.15% , for example, and the average rate on a high-yield savings account was more than 4%.

Because I Bonds are backed by the U.S. government, they are designed to have a low risk of default. Furthermore, the principal is guaranteed. This is one of the advantages of savings bonds overall. As a result, I Bonds are generally considered low-risk investments.

Individuals who buy I Bonds must hold them for at least 12 months before cashing them in. if they redeem the bonds before the five-year mark, they will lose the last three months of interest. Investors can hold onto I Bonds for up to 30 years, when they reach maturity.

While paper I Bonds used to be available in certain circumstances, starting January 1, 2025, all new I Bonds will be electronic.

💡 Quick Tip: If your checking account doesn’t offer decent rates, why not apply for an online checking account with SoFi to earn 0.50% APY. That’s 7x the national checking account average.

How Do You Calculate I Bond Interest Rate?

If you are interested in buying bonds like I Bonds, you’ll want to know how to figure out the interest rate. To calculate the I Bonds interest rate, you combine the fixed rate and inflation rate to get the composite rate.

For example, if you bought I Bonds in November 2024 when the fixed rate was 1.20% and the inflation rate was 0.95%, to calculate the composite rate you would use this formula:

[Fixed rate + (2x inflation rate) + (fixed rate x inflation rate)] = composite rate

Plugging in the actual numbers, it would be:

[0.0120 + (2 x 0.0095) + (0.0120 x 0.0095)] + 0.0311 or 3.11%

Using these numbers, you’ll earn 3.11% interest on the amount you invested in I Bonds for six months, at which time the rate may change again. So if you invested $1,000 in I Bonds, you would earn $15.55 in interest in six months. The earnings would then be added to your original investment, and for the next six months you would earn interest on that new, higher amount of $1,015.55.

One thing to keep in mind is that if you cash in I Bonds before five years, you will lose the last three months worth of interest. So, if possible, you may want to hang onto them for five years to avoid giving up interest you may have earned.

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Are I Bonds Still a Good Investment?

Whether I Bonds make sense for you as an investment depends on a number of factors, your financial goals, risk tolerance, overall investment strategy, and timeline.

Benefits of I Bonds

I Bonds have a number of potential advantages. These include:

•   Lower risk: I Bonds are designed to be a low-risk investment, backed by the U.S. government. If you have a low risk tolerance, I Bonds may be a good choice for you. Also, if you’re looking for a place to park money that you’ll need in five or so years — for a down payment on a house, say — I Bonds can offer a low-risk option.

•   Protection against inflation: I Bonds can help protect your purchasing power in times of high inflation. If inflation rises, the interest rate on I Bonds rises as well. For instance, in May 2022, when inflation was high, I Bonds paid a composite rate of 9.62%. As of November 1, when inflation was much lower, the composite rate on I Bonds issued was 3.11%.

•   May offer tax advantages: While there are federal taxes on I Bonds, there are no state and local taxes on them.

Drawbacks of I Bonds

There are some downsides to investing in I Bonds, however, such as the following:

•   Time commitment: I Bonds must be held for at least 12 months before they can be redeemed.

•   Possible interest penalty: You’ll lose the last three months’ worth of interest if you sell I Bonds before the five-year mark.

•   Purchase limit: Individuals can purchase no more than $10,000 worth of electronic I Bonds each year through the U.S. Treasury’s Treasury Direct.

•   Lower interest rate: The interest rate may be lower for I Bonds than for some other investments.

•   Hard to predict return over time: To maximize your return on investment when purchasing I Bonds, it’s important to understand how the two interest rate components of the bond can play out over time. As mentioned, the fixed interest rate remains the same for the life of the bond. But the inflation rate of the bond adjusts with changes in inflation rates twice per year. If inflation goes up, so does the bond’s inflation rate. If inflation goes down, the bond’s inflation rate would likewise decrease as well.

I Bonds vs EE Bonds

Investors considering buying savings bonds may want to compare I Bonds and EE Bonds. The two types of bonds have many similarities but also a few key differences.

Similarities

You can buy both EE Bonds and I Bonds from Treasury Direct. Both types of bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, and they are each designed to be a low-risk investment. They both mature in 30 years.

I Bonds and EE Bonds each have a purchase limit of $10,000 per individual per year.

Differences

One of the main differences between EE Bonds and I Bonds is that EE bonds issued after May 2005 have a fixed interest rate that doesn’t change for at least the first 20 of its 30 years, while I Bonds have a composite rate that combines a fixed rate and an inflation rate, which changes every six months. The interest rate for EE Bonds bought as of November 1 is 2.60%.

One unique feature of EE Bonds is that, over a 20-year period, these bonds are guaranteed to double in value. While I Bonds don’t offer the same guarantee, your principal is guaranteed and the bonds are designed to keep pace with inflation.

Do You Pay Taxes on I Bonds?

Tax-efficient investors may want to consider certain I Bond features. For instance, I Bonds are exempt from local and state taxes. While federal taxes usually apply, they could be deferred until the bond is ultimately sold or matures; whichever happens first.

Additionally, I Bond investors may use the interest payments for qualified higher education expenses and receive a 100% deduction. Some restrictions apply, including:

•   You must cash out your I Bonds the year that you want to claim the exclusion.

•   Your modified adjusted gross income must be less than the cut-off amount the IRS sets for the year.

•   You must use the interest paid to cover qualified higher education expenses for you, your spouse, or your dependent children the same year.

•   You cannot be married, filing separately.



💡 Quick Tip: Help your money earn more money! Opening a bank account online often gets you higher-than-average rates.

How Do You Buy I Bonds?

You need to meet certain criteria to purchase I Bonds. To be eligible to buy I Bonds you must be:

•   A United States citizen, no matter where you live

•   A United States resident, or

•   A civilian employee of the United States, no matter where you live

If you are eligible to purchase them, buying I Bonds is easy. As previously mentioned, individuals can purchase electronic I Bonds online through Treasury Direct, after setting up a Treasury Direct account. They can be bought in denominations starting at $25. The maximum amount of electronic I Bonds someone can purchase is $10,000 per calendar year.

The Takeaway

If you’re looking for an investment that’s designed to be safe, I Bonds may be worth considering. They are backed by the U.S. government and offer protection from inflation, certain tax advantages, and other benefits that may make them a low-risk choice for your savings goals. However, because I Bonds come with a composite rate of return, it’s hard to predict how much your money will actually earn over time.

If you’re interested in different savings vehicles, there are alternatives to I Bonds, including CDs and high-yield savings accounts. By exploring your options, you can determine the best choice — or choices — for you and your financial goals.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How Long Do I Bonds Take to Mature?

I Bonds reach maturity in 30 years. You can redeem I Bonds after holding them for 12 months, but if you cash in I Bonds in less than five years, you’ll lose the last three months of interest.

How Often Can You Buy I Bonds?

In one calendar year, an individual can buy up to $10,000 worth of I Bonds. The limit is counted by the Social Security number of the first person listed on the bond, according to Treasury Direct. If you are a co-owner of I Bonds and the second person named on the bonds, those bonds will not count toward your limit.

In addition, if you give I Bonds as a gift, those bonds count toward the limit of the recipient, not you as the giver.

Photo credit: iStock/Bilgehan Tuzcu

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

4.00% APY
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

1SoFi Bank is a member FDIC and does not provide more than $250,000 of FDIC insurance per depositor per legal category of account ownership, as described in the FDIC’s regulations. Any additional FDIC insurance is provided by banks in the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. Deposits may be insured up to $2M through participation in the program. See full terms at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/terms. See list of participating banks at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/receivingbanks.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Dec
27
2024
Is It Possible to Get an IRA Loan?

Should You Get an IRA Loan?

By | personal_loan | Comments Off on Should You Get an IRA Loan?

If you are wondering about getting an IRA loan, it’s important to know that it’s not possible to take a loan from an IRA or Roth IRA. Making an early withdrawal from an IRA is an option, but that can come with taxes and penalties. You can borrow money from a 401(k) plan, however, without any penalties.

Read on to learn the impact of an early withdrawal from an IRA and some other ways to find the cash for unexpected expenses.

Key Points

•   IRA loans do not exist; funds can only be withdrawn from accounts.

•   Withdrawals from traditional IRAs before age 59 1/2 incur taxes and penalties.

•   Roth IRA contributions can be withdrawn tax-free and penalty-free after five years.

•   A 60-day rollover rule allows temporary access to IRA funds without penalties, provided the money is repaid to the IRA or another qualifying retirement account.

•   Alternatives to early IRA withdrawals include family loans, credit card advances, and personal loans.

Understanding IRA Loans

Here, take a closer look at what the concept of an IRA loan actually involves.

What Is an IRA Loan?

First, a quick review of what an individual retirement account (IRA) is. It’s a savings account with tax advantages that is designed as a long-term investment vehicle for your retirement. The money that people invest in IRAs goes to a wide range of financial products, including stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and mutual funds. Banks and investment companies rely on holding the funds for a long time, so lawmakers created strict rules around withdrawing money from traditional and Roth IRAs. There is usually a 10% penalty and an income tax bill.

IRA loans and Roth IRA loans are not allowed. You cannot borrow money from these accounts, but you can withdraw cash from your IRA if you have to, at a cost. When people use the expression “IRA loan,” what they may actually mean is an early IRA withdrawal.

Pros and Cons of Taking Out an IRA Loan

Here are the benefits and downsides of early withdrawal from your individual retirement account.

thumb_up

Pros:

•   Access to funds when you need cash

•   Possibility of avoiding any early withdrawal penalties depending on how funds are used

•   Withdrawing cash may help you pay off high-interest debt

thumb_down

Cons:

•   Withdrawing funds, plus paying taxes and possibly penalties, could take a chunk out of your retirement savings

•   By lowering the amount in your IRA, may lose out on future growth

•   May not meet your goals for retirement in terms of how much you have saved and what lifestyle you’ll enjoy

How Does an IRA Loan Work?

As noted above, you can’t take a typical loan from your IRA. The closest option is to try a work-around. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) allows tax-free rollovers from an IRA if the funds are deposited back into the IRA or a different retirement plan or IRA within 60 days. If the funds are not rolled over in this way, you will have to pay taxes and a penalty. This 60-day rule can give you access to your IRA funds for a window of time.

Otherwise, an IRA loan amounts to an IRA withdrawal that, depending on such factors as its purpose and your age, may trigger taxes and fees.

Recommended: What Credit Score Is Required to Get a Personal Loan?

IRA Loan Eligibility

Here’s what you can and can’t do regarding withdrawing cash from traditional and Roth IRAs.

Who Is Eligible for an IRA Loan?

Here’s a closer look at the guidelines for accessing IRA funds depending on the specific type of account you hold.

Traditional IRAs: If you are 59 ½ or older, you can take money out of your traditional IRA with no penalty, but you’ll owe income taxes on the money you pull out.

Account holders of any age can withdraw funds from an IRA and roll them over into another IRA or redeposit them into the same IRA within 60 days, as noted above. This amounts to a 60-day loan, and you can do this once every 12 months. If you don’t roll over the funds within 60 days, the action will be considered a withdrawal or lump-sum cash distribution. That means paying federal and state taxes plus an additional 10% federal tax fee.

There are some exceptions that will allow you to avoid the additional 10% federal tax:

•   First-time homebuyers can withdraw $10,000 for a down payment.

•   The funds are used for higher education expenses.

•   The funds are used for the birth or adoption of a child.

•   You have become permanently disabled.

Recommended: Personal Loan Glossary

Roth IRAs: If you’re at least 59 ½ and you’ve owned your Roth IRA for five years or more, you can take tax- and penalty-free Roth withdrawals of contributions. However, if you withdraw earnings, such as dividends or interest, you might have to pay the 10% penalty and income and state tax on that portion of the withdrawal.

What are the requirements to qualify for an IRA loan?

As noted above, you can access funds from your IRA if needed, even before retirement age. However, there are several factors that can determine the impact of early withdrawal from an IRA:

•   What type of IRA you have

•   What your age is at the time of withdrawal

•   What purpose you use the withdrawal for

•   Whether you return the funds to a qualifying retirement plan

By understanding where you stand in terms of these considerations, you will know what kind of taxes and fees you may have to pay for accessing IRA funds.

Are there any restrictions or limitations on IRA loans?

There can be restrictions and limitations on IRA withdrawals or loans, if you want to call them that. Among them:

•   The age at which you access funds. If you have not yet turned 59 ½, the withdrawal will be considered early and involve additional penalties.

•   The purpose can impact how much you pay in taxes and fees. If you are applying the withdrawal to the down payment on a first home or for higher education expenses, you may not be assessed the additional 10% early withdrawal penalty if you are younger than age 59 ½.

IRA Loan vs. Other Options

There are alternatives to withdrawing funds from an IRA. The best option for you depends on how much cash you need, the taxes and penalties you might pay, and the interest and fees you might pay on the alternative. Here’s a look at some of them.

IRA Loan vs. Other Options

Now that you know how IRA loans work, consider these alternatives:

•   Family Loan: A family loan could be the best option if you can negotiate favorable terms. This route is also the most flexible but can affect family relationships if not handled well. Be sure to set expectations and draw up a contract to protect both parties. While some people may be lucky enough to score a no-interest loan, most can expect to pay for this privilege of access to cash. However, you can likely avoid closing costs and the like. And, of course, you are dodging the taxes and possible penalties involved when withdrawing from an IRA.

•   Credit Card Cash Advance: A credit card cash advance is a quick way to get funds by borrowing against the credit limit on your credit card. No hard credit inquiry is needed, so there is no effect on your credit score. You can pay small fixed monthly payments, but there will be interest that accrues daily as well as fees.

◦   However, the potentially high interest charges (often higher than the standard credit card interest rate) and fees will need to be weighed against the cost of an early withdrawal from an IRA. There may be an additional charge of up to 5% for a cash withdrawal. There may also be a flat charge for a withdrawal in addition to the percentage charge. Depending on your credit line, the amount you can withdraw may be less than your credit limit.

•   Personal Loan: If you are looking for a specific sum of money that you would like to repay over time, a personal loan could be a good choice. These usually unsecured loans can be used for almost any purpose (from affording IVF to paying for home renovation) and are often funded quickly.

◦   Current personal loan interest rates are generally much lower than for a cash advance on your credit and could offer you a better deal than paying taxes and possibly penalties on an IRA withdrawal. Also, you will not be cutting into your nest egg and lessening its opportunities for growth.

How Does an IRA Loan Differ From a 401(k) Loan?

Borrowing from your 401(k) is allowed. If your plan is amenable, you can take out as much as 50% of your savings, up to a maximum of $50,000, within 12 months. You will have to pay back the money, plus interest, within five years. However, the interest is paid back into your own account.

The advantage of a 401(k) loan is that there are no taxes or penalties. The disadvantage is that if you leave your current job, you may have to repay your loan in full. If you cannot, you’ll likely owe both taxes and a 10% penalty if you’re under 59 ½.

Benefits of Choosing an IRA Loan Over Other Financing Methods

Deciding whether to make an IRA withdrawal vs. other financing methods can require careful consideration and a bit of math. Overall, the pros of early IRA withdrawal, or an IRA loan, are:

•   If you have a Roth IRA, you can withdraw contributions (but not earnings) free of tax and penalties.

•   Early withdrawals provide emergency funds without interest and fees.

Benefits and Risks of IRA Loans

Here’s a snapshot of the pros and cons of IRA loans.

Advantages of Using an IRA Loan for Financing

As noted above, by tapping your IRA funds, you can access cash without paying interest or loan-related fees. Also, if you have a Roth IRA, your contributions are available tax- and penalty-free.

Potential Risks and Considerations of IRA Loans

While dipping into your IRA may seem like a good way to get fast cash in hand, consider the downsides carefully before doing so:

•   You will likely owe taxes and possibly early withdrawal penalties.

•   Unless you follow the 60-day rule, you cannot repay the money you withdraw, so you will have less of a nest egg for retirement.

•   If you withdraw gains from a Roth IRA, you may have to pay taxes and fees.

•   You miss out on earnings from the amount that you withdraw.

Factors to Consider Before Deciding on an IRA Loan

Before you make a withdrawal from your IRA, think through the following:

•   If you are hoping to put funds back before the 60-day cutoff, how will you make that payment?

•   Are you prepared to pay taxes and any penalties?

•   Are you comfortable reducing your nest egg and its ability to grow over time?

IRA Loan Repayment and Consequences

Lastly, strategize how you might repay an IRA loan, if that’s your plan.

How to Repay an IRA Loan

If you are taking a loan from your IRA under the 60-day rule, that is exactly how long you have to put the funds back into a qualifying account. You must repay the funds within 60 days of distribution either into the account it came out of or another acceptable retirement vehicle.

Consequences of Defaulting on an IRA Loan

If you do not repay your IRA loan or roll it into another qualifying account within the 60-day window, the funds withdrawn become taxable. In addition, you may be subject to penalty charges as well.

Impact of an IRA Loan on Retirement Savings

As noted above, an IRA withdrawal can incur taxes and penalties. In addition, it’s wise to think over the impact of an IRA loan on your retirement savings in a big-picture way.

•   You will be reducing the amount of money you have in your account to use during retirement.

•   Less money in your account means you are also decreasing the ability of that sum to generate returns.

This two-fold hit to your savings can shift your retirement savings plans, so consider this carefully, perhaps meeting with a financial advisor to gain more perspective.

The Takeaway

Typically, account holders may not take out loans from an IRA or Roth IRA. Making a withdrawal from an IRA is an option, but that likely comes with taxes and possibly a 10% early-withdrawal penalty. You may be able to take advantage of the 60-day rule, though, and repay the funds or roll them into another qualifying retirement vehicle. Alternatives to early IRA withdrawal include credit cards, borrowing from family, and a personal loan.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

Can I take a loan from my IRA?

There is no such thing as an IRA loan because you cannot pay the money back. You can withdraw funds from an IRA and roll them over into the same or another IRA within 60 days, and you can do this once every 12 months. If you don’t roll over the funds within 60 days, the action will be considered a withdrawal or lump-sum cash distribution. That means you will have to pay federal and state taxes plus possibly an additional 10% penalty.

How do I get an IRA loan?

You can’t borrow from your IRA. However, if you’re 59 ½ or older, you can request a distribution from your traditional IRA without any penalty. Since your original contributions were tax-deductible, you’ll need to pay income tax on the funds you withdraw.

If you have a Roth IRA, you can withdraw both contributions and earnings tax-free and penalty-free, but only if you are 59 ½ or older and have owned your Roth IRA for five years or more. If you withdraw earnings early, you’ll have to pay a 10% penalty and income tax on the amount you withdraw.

Lastly, you can use the 60-day rollover rule to your advantage if you can repay the borrowed money in 60 days or less and avoid paying taxes and penalties.

What is a 401(k) loan?

For a 401(k) loan, you can borrow money from your retirement account. Details can vary, but you might be able to take out up to 50% of your vested funds or $50,000 (whichever sum is less). If 50% of your vested balance is less than $10,000 you may be able to borrow up to $10,000. You will usually have to pay that back with interest within five years.

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