Fixed vs Variable Credit Card Interest Rates: Key Differences

Fixed vs. Variable Credit Card Interest Rates: Key Differences

Anyone who’s ever had a credit card knows they have an interest rate, which represents the cost consumers pay for borrowing money. What you may not know is that interest rates come in two forms: fixed and variable interest rates.

Fixed interest rates stay the same over time and are generally tied to your creditworthiness. Variable interest rates, on the other hand, may change over time and are connected to economic indexes. Read on to learn how to determine if the interest rate of a credit card is fixed or variable, as well as why it’s important to know.

What Is Credit Card APR?


A credit card’s annual percentage rate, or APR, represents the cost a consumer pays to borrow money from credit card issuers, represented as a yearly cost.

When a cardholder doesn’t pay off their credit card balance in full each month, they’ll owe credit card interest charges on the remaining balance, with the rate based on their APR.

Credit card APRs vary among credit card issuers, individual cardholders, and credit card categories. Currently, the average credit card interest rate stands at 22.8% APR.

Recommended: Pros and Cons of Charge Cards?

Types of Credit Card APRs


Your credit card payment is impacted by what type of APR your credit card has. Let’s have a look at how a fixed rate credit card and a variable rate credit card may affect your credit experience.

Fixed Interest Rate


Fixed rate credit cards have an interest rate that generally doesn’t vary over the course of your credit card contract. Rather than being tied to economic indexes, fixed interest rates are generally determined based on payment history and creditworthiness, as well as any ongoing promotions.

However, just because the term “fixed” is used, doesn’t mean a fixed interest rate can never change. While a fixed rate credit card’s interest rate won’t change based on factors like the prime index, increasing credit card APR can occur if payments are late or missed or if your credit score dips. If that occurs, the credit card company must notify the cardholder at least 45 days before the adjusted rate takes effect.

While fixed rate credit cards offer the benefit of predictability, one downside is that their rates are, on average, higher than variable credit card rates.

Recommended: Does Applying For a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score

Variable Interest Rate


A variable rate credit card offers interest rates that can shift over time. There’s a reason for that, as variable card rates are tied to major benchmark interest rates, like the U.S. prime rate.

Since major benchmark rates change, so will variable interest rates. That’s why banks and other major financial institutions often shift rates for things like credit cards, home mortgages, auto loans, and student loans. When major interest indexes change, the rates for loans change with them.

What does that mean for a cardholder? For starters, there’s more risk with variable interest rates. Rates can go up, and credit card payments increase when interest rates rise. Conversely, variable rates may go down, which works in favor of the credit cardholder, who will then pay less in interest.

Credit card consumers should check their credit card contracts for the specific conditions that can trigger a variable rate change. Credit card issuers don’t have to notify you of interest rate changes with variable rate cards, so it’s up to the consumer to keep a sharp eye out for changing interest rates.

When Do Variable APRs Change?


As mentioned, the interest rate on a variable rate credit card changes with the index interest rate, such as the prime rate. If the prime rate goes up, so will your credit card’s APR. Similarly, if the prime rate goes down, your APR will drop.

How often your interest rate changes will depend on which index rate your lender uses as a benchmark as well as the terms of your contract. As such, the number of rate changes you may experience can vary widely, often multiple times a year.

Details on how a card’s APR may fluctuate over time will appear in a cardholder’s agreement, which you can generally find on the card issuer’s website. If you’re unable to locate it, you can request a copy from your card issuer.

Differences Between Fixed and Variable Credit Card Rates


Both fixed and variable credit card rates have pros and cons. Here’s a look at the major differences with a credit card with a variable or fixed interest rate.

Fixed Interest Rate Variable Interest Rates
The interest rate usually remains the same Variable rates change on an ongoing basis
Fixed rates are calculated with payment histories in mind Rates are based on a benchmark index, like the U.S. primate rate
The card provider is required to let you know when the rate does change (usually for late or missed payments) The credit card issuer is not required to let you know when rates shift

How Credit Card Interest Rates Are Determined


Credit card interest rates are generally determined based on your creditworthiness — meaning, your payment history and credit score — as well as prevailing interest rates and the card issuer and card type.

For instance, a basic card may have a lower rate than a premium rewards card. Additionally, credit cards can have different types of APRs, such as an APR that applies for credit card charges and another rate for cash advances or balance transfers.

Another factor that can impact credit card rates is promotional offers. Sometimes, credit card issuers may offer low or no interest periods. After that period ends, the card’s standard APR will kick in, and the card’s rate will go up.

Once determined, how and why a credit card’s interest rate changes over time depends on whether the interest rate is fixed or variable. A fixed rate will generally stay the same, though it may increase if payments are late or missed, or if the cardholder’s credit score takes a dive. Meanwhile, variable rates fluctuate depending on current index rates.

Recommended: Tips for Using a Credit Card Responsibly

Reducing Interest Charges on Credit Cards


Perhaps the easiest way to reduce interest charges on credit cards is to pay your statement balance in full each billing cycle. By doing so, you’ll avoid incurring interest charges entirely.

Of course, this isn’t always feasible. If you may end up carrying a balance and want to decrease how much a credit card costs, there are ways to do so. For one, you can call your credit card issuer and request a lower rate. Of course, for this to be successful, you’ll likely have needed to stay on top of payments and have a history of responsible credit card usage.

Perhaps the surest way to secure a better interest rate on your credit card is to build your credit score. In general, lower interest rates are awarded to those who have higher credit scores and follow the credit card rules, so to speak.

You can build your credit score by making your payments on time, every time, and by keeping your credit utilization ratio (how much of your available credit limit you’re using) well below 30%. You might also avoid applying for new credit accounts, which results in hard inquiries and temporarily lowers your score.

And if you simply feel in over your head with credit card debt and a skyrocketing APR, you may choose between credit card refinancing or consolidation as potential solutions.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due

Fixed vs Variable Interest Rate Cards: Which Is Right for You?


In a word, choosing between a fixed rate or variable rate credit card comes down to whether you prefer stability or risk versus reward.

A fixed rate credit card offers a known quantity — a rate that stays the same over time, as long as you pay your credit card bill on time. On the other hand, a variable rate credit card offers an element of risk and reward. If the rate goes up, the cardholder usually spends more money using the card. If card rates go down, however, the cost of using the card usually goes down, too, as interest rates are lower.

Of course, cardholders can largely negate the impact of credit card interest rates by paying their bills in full every month. Of, for those who don’t quite feel ready to tackle the responsibility, there’s always the option of becoming an authorized user on a credit card of a parent or another responsible adult.

The Takeaway


As you can see, it’s important for a number of reasons to know whether a credit card is fixed or variable. Fixed interest rates offer more predictability (though there’s no guarantee they’ll never change), but rates also tend to be higher compared to variable rates. With variable rates, your interest rate will fluctuate over time based on market indexes.

As you shop around for credit cards, interest rate is critical to pay attention to. It can have an impact on your ability to pay your credit card bill and use credit responsibly.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Do all credit cards have fixed interest rates?


No, actually most credit cards come with variable interest rates tied to major interest rate indexes. That connection to interest rate changes enables card companies to keep rates competitive on a regular basis.

How do I get notified of an interest rate increase?


By law, credit card companies must notify cardholders in writing at least 45 days ahead of an interest rate change taking effect. Card companies are not allowed to change interest rates during the first year an account is open.

Can I control whether I have a fixed or variable interest rate?


Yes, you can opt for a fixed or variable rate credit card, but know that most credit cards come with variable rates. It’s tougher to find a fixed rate card, but banks and credit unions, which are more likely to offer both, are a good place to start your search.


Photo credit: iStock/AlekseiAntropov

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

SOCC-Q224-1883585-V1

Read more
How to Check Your Credit Card Balance

How to Check Your Credit Card Balance: A Step-By-Step Guide

You can check a credit card balance in a variety of ways, including online, in an app, over the phone, or on your statement. This can be a smart financial move. It’s easy to swipe a credit card and lose track of exactly how much you’re spending. That’s why it’s critical to check your credit card balance on a regular basis.

By checking your credit card balance, you’ll know how much you owe so you can make payments or adjust your spending accordingly. Here, you’ll learn more about how to check a balance on a credit card and why your credit card balance matters.

What Is a Credit Card Balance?

There are two different types of balances consumers will come across when it comes to their credit cards: current balances and statement balances.

The statement balance is the total balance owed at the end of the billing cycle. If someone wants to avoid paying interest, they need to pay off their statement balance in full each month. The current balance, on the other hand, is the total amount owed plus any fees, charges, credits, and payments that have been added to the account since the billing cycle ended. Given how credit cards work, it’s not necessary to pay the entire current balance to avoid interest charges.

In addition to their current balance and statement balance, each month the cardholder will also be told what their ://www.sofi.com/learn/content/credit-card-minimum-payment/”>credit card minimum payment is. This is the lowest amount of their balance that they can pay in order to remain in good standing with their credit card issuer. They’ll need to pay interest on the remaining unpaid balance.

Recommended: Charge Cards Advantages and Disadvantages

Why Is It Important to Know Your Balance?

A credit card balance represents the total amount owed to the credit card issuer. If the cardholder wants to avoid paying interest on their remaining balance, they’ll need to pay off their credit card balance in full each month. So, for budgeting purposes, it’s helpful to know what that balance is.

A credit card balance also can indicate how high or low someone’s credit utilization ratio is. This ratio compares how much credit someone is using to how much credit they have available based on their credit card limits.

It’s generally advised to keep your credit utilization ratio under 30% — but the lower, the better. Paying off a credit card balance in full each month can also help keep credit utilization low.

Additionally, checking your credit card balance each month can allow you to spot any unusual or potentially fraudulent charges on your credit card. If anything is amiss, you could then quickly contact your issuer and dispute the credit card charge.

This could result in a credit card chargeback, allowing you to get the money back.

Reviewing a credit card statement can also help consumers identify where to cut back their spending so they can save more or afford to pay down more credit card debt.

How to Check a Credit Card Balance

Even if you’re confident you can pay off your balance in full each month, it’s smart to stay on top of your credit card balance for the reasons mentioned above. Read on to learn how to check the balance on your credit card.

Log In to the Mobile App or Go Online

Thanks to mobile banking and credit card apps, it only takes a few seconds to check a credit card balance from a smartphone. Mobile apps can make it very easy to check a credit card balance on the go. It’s also possible for consumers to check their credit card balances by logging onto their online accounts from a computer, smartphone, or tablet.

Contact the Card Issuer

It’s also possible to call the credit card issuer directly to confirm what your current credit card balance is. The phone number to call is printed on the credit card and also listed on the credit card issuer’s website. Keep in mind your issuer may provide different numbers to call depending on your reason for calling.

Send a Text to Your Bank

Don’t love making phone calls? Some banks and credit card issuers also allow account holders to text them to check their account balance, which is a speedy and convenient way to get an update.

Check Your Statements

Each month, an account holder usually receives a paper credit card statement through the mail or over email. The Account Summary section of the statement will outline what the statement balance on the credit card as well as the following details, which are given what a credit card is:

•   Payments and credits

•   New purchases

•   Balance transfers

•   Cash advances

•   Past due amount

•   Fees charged

•   Interest charged

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due

The Takeaway

Regularly checking your credit card balance is smart for a number of reasons. In addition to helping you stay on top of your spending and how much you owe, it can also help you to monitor your credit utilization and check charges for any fraudulent activity. Checking your credit card balance is easy to do online, on an app, with a phone call, via text, or on your credit card statement.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Can you transfer a balance to a new credit card?

It’s possible to transfer a balance from one credit card to a new one by using a balance transfer credit card. Typically, balance transfer cards come with a low or 0% introductory APR, which makes it possible to pay down debt without spending too much on interest for a temporary period of time. Keep in mind that balance transfer fees will typically apply.

What is a credit card balance refund?

When someone pays off their credit card balance before getting a refund for a purchase they made, that results in a negative credit card balance. To get that money back, you can either request a refund or wait for the funds to get applied to your future credit card balance.

What happens if I overpay my credit card balance?

If someone overpays their credit card balance for whatever reason, they can either have that balance applied to a future purchase or they can request a credit card balance refund.

What does a negative balance on a credit card mean?

Having a negative credit card balance means that someone has a credit card balance that is below $0. For example, if someone pays off their credit card balance and then requests a $250 refund from a merchant, they would end up with a negative balance of $250. The credit card issuer would then owe that money to the account holder.

What happens if you cancel a credit card with a negative balance?

If someone chooses to close a credit card that has a negative balance, they need to request a refund before they close their account. Some credit card issuers will issue this refund automatically, but it’s best to confirm the refund is happening before closing an account.


Photo credit: iStock/milan2099

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOCC-Q224-1883265-V1

Read more
15 Technical Indicators for Stock Trading

7 Technical Indicators for Stock Trading

One way traders seek to profit from short-term movements in security prices is by using technical analysis.

While some stock analysis tools examine company fundamentals, technical stock indicators identify patterns in price and volume data to give investors and traders insights about how a stock might move in the future.

For that reason, although technical indicators can assist with trend identification, it’s best to combine different indicators when conducting stock analysis.

How Do Stock Technical Indicators Work?

Technical analysis uses various sets of data and indicators, such as price and volume, to identify patterns and trends. This type of stock market analysis is different from fundamental analysis, which looks at company financials, industry trends, and macroeconomics.

Rather, technical analysis solely analyzes a stock’s performance. Stock technical indicators are often rendered as a pattern that can overlay a stock’s price chart to predict the market trend, and whether the stock would be considered “overbought” or “oversold.”

Two Main Types of Technical Indicators

Stock technical indicators generally come in two flavors: overlay indicators and oscillators.

Overlay Indicators

An overlay indicator typically overlays one trend onto another on a stock chart, often using different colors to distinguish between the lines.

Oscillator Indicators

An oscillator typically uses metrics such as a stock’s price or trading volume to determine momentum, or rate of change, over time. It uses this info to generate a signal, or trend line, whose fluctuations between two values in a range can indicate if a stock may be overbought or oversold.

If the trend line moves above the higher value of the range, it can indicate a stock is overbought, while dipping below the lower value can indicate it’s oversold. The movements of the trend line thus can help traders determine support and resistance in certain price trends, so they can decide whether to sell or buy (support being the price at which a downturn generally bounces back up, and resistance being the point at which rising prices generally start to fall).

Oscillator indicators can be leading or lagging:

•   A leading indicator tracks current market movements to anticipate where the trend is headed next.

•   A lagging indicator is based on recent history and seeks patterns that will indicate potential price movements.

The moving average is a common oscillator; it’s considered a lagging indicator as it measures specific intervals in the past.

Naturally, every stock indicator has its pros and cons. Various trading indicators can be used by investors to analyze supply and demand forces on stock price, to help shed light on market psychology, or to manage risk.

But while stock indicators and trading tools can help with buy and sell points, false signals can also occur.

Get up to $1,000 in stock when you fund a new Active Invest account.*

Access stock trading, options, alternative investments, IRAs, and more. Get started in just a few minutes.


*Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.028%.

Reasons to Use Stock Market Indicators

Knowing some of the most popular trading tools might benefit your investing strategy by providing you with easier-to-spot buy and sell signals. You don’t have to know every single technical indicator, and there are many ways to analyze stocks, but using multiple stock indicators may help you improve trading results.

You can also use these stock indicators to help you manage risk when you are actively trading.

Price trend indicators are some of the most important technical trading tools since identifying a security price’s trend is often a first step to forming a trading strategy. Long positions are often initiated during uptrends, while short sale opportunities can occur when prices are in a downtrend.

Volume trend indicators are also helpful to gauge the power or conviction of an asset’s price move. Some believe that the higher the stock volume on a bullish breakout or bearish breakdown, the more confident the move is. Higher volume could signal a lengthier trend continuation.

💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

7 Stock Indicators for Technical Analysis

It’s important to remember that these trading tools were developed based on the belief that mathematically derived patterns may be valuable as predictors of stock movements. Past performance, however, is not a guarantee of future results. So while it can be useful to employ stock technical indicators, they are best used in combination before deciding on a potential trade.

Also, many of these trading tools are lagging indicators, which can lead to an inaccurate reflection of current and future market conditions.

Following are seven of the most common technical stock indicators, along with their advantages and disadvantages.

1. Moving Averages (MA)

A moving average (MA) is the average value of a security over a specific time. The MA can be:

•   Simple Moving Average (SMA)

•   Exponential Moving Average (EMA)

•   Weighted Moving Average (WMA).

A moving average smooths stock price volatility, and is taken as an indicator of the direction a price may be headed. If the price is above the moving average, it’s considered an uptrend versus when the price moves below the MA, which can signal a downtrend.

Moving averages are typically used in combination with each other, or other stock indicators, to identify trends.

Pros

•   Using moving averages can filter out the noise that comes from price fluctuations and focus on the overall trend.

•   Moving average crossovers are commonly used to pinpoint trend changes.

•   You can customize moving average periods: common time frames include 20-day, 30-day, 50-day, 100-day, 200-day.

Cons

•   A simple moving average may not help some traders as much as an exponential moving average (EMA), which puts more weight on recent price changes.

•   Market turbulence can make the MA less informative.

•   Moving averages can be simple, exponential, or weighted, which might be confusing to new traders.

2. Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD)

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) helps investors gauge whether a security’s movement is bullish or bearish, and helps gauge the momentum of the trend. The MACD uses two different exponential moving averages (EMAs) to do so.

A 26-period EMA is subtracted from a short-term 12-period EMA to generate the MACD line. Then a signal line, based on a nine-day EMA, is plotted on top of the MACD to help reveal buy and sell entry points.

If the MACD line crosses above the signal line, that can signal a buy opportunity. If it crosses below the signal line, that could signal a price decline and an opportunity to sell or take a short position.

Pros

•   The MACD, used in combination with the relative strength index (below) can help identify overbought or oversold conditions.

•   It can be used to indicate a trend and also momentum.

•   Can help spot reversals.

Cons

•   The MACD might provide false reversal signals.

•   It responds mainly to the speed of price movements; less accurate in gauging the direction of a trend.

3. Relative Strength Index (RSI)

The relative strength index or RSI is an oscillator tool that looks at price fluctuations in a given period and calculates average price losses and gains. It ranges from 0 to 100. Generally, above 70 is considered overbought and under 30 is thought to be oversold.

Traders often use the RSI in conjunction with the MACD to confirm a price trend. The RSI can sometimes identify a divergence, when the indicator moves in opposition to the price; this can show the price trend is weakening.

Pros

•   An RSI can help investors spot buy or sell signals.

•   It may also help detect bull market or bear market trends.

•   It can be combined with moving average indicators to spot breakout trends or reversals.

Cons

•   The RSI can move without exhibiting a clear trend.

•   The RSI can remain at an overbought or oversold level for a long time, making this tool less useful.

•   It does not give clues as to volume trends.

Recommended: 5 Bullish Indicators for a Stock

4. Stochastic Oscillator

Traders will often use the stochastic oscillator, which is a momentum indicator, to determine whether a given security is overbought or oversold. The stochastic oscillator allows traders to compare a specific closing price of a security to a range of its prices over a certain time frame.

By using a stochastic chart, traders can gauge the momentum of a security’s price with the aim of anticipating trends and reversals. A stochastic oscillator uses a range of 0 to 100 to determine if an asset is overbought (when the measurements are above 80) or oversold (when the measurement is below 20).

Pros

•   Clearer entry/exit signals: The oscillator has a basic design and generates visual signals when it reaches the outer bounds of a price range. This can help a trader determine when it may be time to buy or to sell stocks.

•   Frequent signals: For more active traders who trade on intraday charts such as the 5-, 10-, or 15-minute time frames, the stochastic oscillator generates signals more often as price action oscillates in smaller ranges.

•   Easy to understand: The oscillator’s fluctuating lines are fairly clear for investors who know how to use them.

Cons

•   Possible false signals: Depending on the time settings chosen, traders may misperceive a sharp oscillation as a buy or sell signal, especially if it goes against the trend. This is more common during periods of market volatility.

•   Doesn’t measure the trend or direction: It calculates the strength or weakness of price action in a market, not the overall trend or direction.

💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

5. On-Balance Volume (OBV)

OBV is a little different from the other indicators mentioned. It primarily uses volume flow to gauge future price action on a security or market. When there’s a new OBV peak, it generally indicates that buyers are strong, sellers are weak, and the price of the security may increase.

Similarly, a new OBV low is taken to mean that sellers are strong and buyers are weak, and the price is trending down.

The numerical value of the OBV isn’t important — it’s the direction that matters. In that respect it can be used as a trend confirmation tool. It can also signal divergences, when the price and the volume move in opposite directions.

Pros

•   Volume-based indicator gauges market sentiment to predict a bullish or bearish outcome.

•   OBV can be used to confirm price action and identify divergences.

Cons

•   It can be hard to find definitive buy and sell price levels.

•   False signals can happen when divergences and confirmations fail.

•   Volume surges can distort the indicator for short-term traders.

Recommended: How to Find Portfolio Beta

6. Accumulation / Distribution Line (ADL)

The accumulation/distribution line (ADL) looks at the trading range for a certain stock, and uses price and volume data to gauge whether shares are being accumulated or distributed. Like OBV it also looks for divergences, so that if a price trend isn’t supported by volume flow it could indicate the trend is about to reverse.

Although this sounds similar to OBV, they are calculated differently, and the ADL gives more attention to price and volume data within a specified range.

Pros

•   Traders can use the ADL to spot divergences in price compared with volume that can confirm price trends or signal reversals.

•   The ADL can be used as an indicator of the flow of cash in the market.

Cons

•   It doesn’t capture trading gaps or factor in their impact.

•   Smaller changes in volume are hard to detect.

7. Standard Deviation

Standard deviation measures the extent to which a data point deviates from an expected value, i.e. the mean return. When used as a technical indicator, standard deviation is a common stock volatility measure; it refers to how far a stock’s performance varies from its average.

Investors often measure an investment’s volatility by the standard deviation of returns compared with a broader market index or past returns.

Pros

•   Standard deviation mathematically captures the volatility of a stock’s movements, i.e. how far the price moves from the mean.

•   It provides technicians with an estimate for expected price movements.

•   It can be used to measure expected risk and return.

Cons

•   It does not provide precise buy and sell signals.

•   It must be used in conjunction with other indicators.

The Takeaway

Technical analysis tools use past price and volume data to help traders identify price trends and make buy and sell decisions. It’s important to know that technical analysis does not use fundamentals to assess the underlying companies, their industries, or any macroeconomic trends that might drive their success or failure. Rather, technical analysis solely analyzes the movement and volume inherent in a stock’s performance.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

What is the most popular technical indicator for stocks?

Traders typically combine technical indicators, so it’s difficult to point to one as being a top choice. That said, many traders use the moving average indicators in combination with others to gauge price trends.

What is the most accurate indicator of the stock market?

There is no single indicator that can anticipate overall stock market performance. In fact, it’s an important factor to keep in mind when using technical indicators: For every successful price prediction or winning trade, there are countless others that don’t pan out. There are no crystal balls.

Which indicator gives buy and sell signals?

Different traders favor different indicators when looking for signals about how to place a trade. That said, the stochastic oscillator is relatively clear-cut in that it can help traders identify buy and sell opportunities based on price closes and trends within a certain range.


Photo credit: iStock/staticnak1983

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOIN-Q224-1840581-V1

Read more

Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Explained

A home is a place to live, but it is also a significant asset that often increases in value over time. Until a sale or an inheritance, this value typically remains unrealized. However, a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) is a tool that can help unlock some of a home’s equity for those who are experiencing unforeseen expenses or want financial flexibility in retirement.

What are home equity conversion mortgages, and how do they operate? We’ll delve into the complexities of HECMs in this article, going over their advantages, requirements for qualifying, available repayment plans, and any drawbacks.

What Is an HECM?

Knowing how to safely utilize home equity can be a game-changer in an environment where traditional retirement funding may not be sufficient and the cost of living is rising. With the help of HECMs, homeowners 62 years of age and over have a way to turn a portion of their equity into cash without having to worry about making monthly mortgage payments or refinancing.

A Home Equity Conversion Mortgage is a specific kind of home loan that allows homeowners 62 years of age and over to access a portion of their home equity. The loan is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). With an HECM, the lender pays the borrower instead of the borrower making monthly payments to the lender as is the case with standard home loans. These funds may be obtained in the form of a line of credit, monthly installments, a lump sum, or in any combination of these. One of the key characteristics of a HECM is that repayment is usually postponed until the borrower either stops using the house as their principal residence or defaults on other loan responsibilities, like upkeep, property taxes, and insurance.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.


How HECMs Work

With HECMs, qualified homeowners 62 years of age and over can convert a part of their home equity into cash without having to sell their house or pay a monthly mortgage. A homeowner who obtains this type of home equity loan has the choice of receiving money in one of several ways: as a lump sum, as monthly installments, as a line of credit, or as a mix of these. A number of variables, including the borrower’s age, the home’s appraised value, and the current interest rate, affect how much money is available through a HECM.

Borrowers are still liable for upkeep, property taxes, homeowners insurance, and any relevant homeowners association dues, and they must continue residing in the home. Usually, the borrower must make loan repayments when they sell their house or move out permanently. If the owner dies, his or her heirs are responsible for repaying the remaining loan total, which includes all accumulated interest and fees. (The funds to repay the total might be recouped through the sale of the house.) With the help of this financial tool, retirees can access their home equity and keep ownership and occupation of their residence, giving them more financial stability and freedom in their later years.

Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Requirements

There are several requirements to quality for an HECM:

Age

To qualify for a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage, applicants must be aged 62 or older.

Homeownership

Homeownership is a prerequisite for obtaining an HECM, and the property must be the borrower’s primary residence.

Equity

Sufficient equity in the property is required for eligibility. Typically the borrower must have at least 50% ownership.

Financial Assessment

Lenders perform a rigorous financial review before approving a HECM to make sure borrowers can afford regular costs like property taxes and insurance. Although there are no stringent income or credit restrictions for HECMs, borrowers still need to show that they can afford their debts.

Property Type

The eligibility for a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage depends on the property type. It must be a single-family home, a two-to-four-unit dwelling with one unit occupied by the borrower, or a HUD-approved condominium or manufactured home meeting FHA requirements.

Repayment

Repayment of an HECM typically occurs when the borrower sells the home, moves out permanently, or passes away, at which point the loan balance, including accrued interest and fees, is repaid either through the sale of the home or by the borrower’s heirs.

Compliance

Compliance with all FHA guidelines and requirements throughout the life of the loan is essential for borrowers of a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage.

Pros and Cons of HECMs

While there are many benefits to an HECM, there are also some downsides to be aware of.

Pros of HECM

•   Financial flexibility: Retirees who qualify for HECMs can use their home equity as a source of additional income without having to pay a monthly mortgage.

•   Retain homeownership: During the loan period, borrowers may continue living in their house and retain ownership.

•   Delayed repayment: To provide borrowers and their family peace of mind, loan repayment is normally postponed until the borrower sells the house, moves out permanently, or passes away.

•   Flexible payment options: To accommodate different financial needs and preferences, HECMs offer a range of payment options, such as lump sum payments, monthly installments, a line of credit, or a mix of these.

•   FHA insurance: The FHA insures HECMs, providing lenders and borrowers with extra security against possible losses.

•   Non-recourse loan: Since HECMs are non-recourse loans, as long as the property is sold to pay off the debt, borrowers or their heirs are not liable for any shortfall in the event that the loan total exceeds the value of the home upon repayment.

Cons of HECM

•   Accrued interest: As interest is applied to the loan balance over time, it may decrease the amount of equity that is available to borrowers or their heirs when the loan is repaid.

•   Costs up front: The money obtained from the loan may be reduced by upfront expenses associated with HECMs, such as mortgage insurance premiums, origination, closing, and servicing fees.

•   Impact on inheritance: Using an HECM to access home equity may cause the borrower’s estate to lose value, which may have an impact on the inheritance that heirs get.

•   Strict property restrictions: Eligibility is restricted to specific types of properties, which may prevent some borrowers from using this financial instrument.

•   Effect on government benefits: One may not be able to obtain means-tested government benefits like Medicaid or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) if they get funds from an HECM.

•   Potential default: Should the borrower or their heirs neglect to fulfill the loan obligations — which include upkeep of the property, payment of taxes, and maintenance of insurance coverage — they run the risk of going into default and losing the house.

Home Equity Conversion Mortgage vs Reverse Mortgage

Although they are sometimes used interchangeably, reverse mortgages and home equity conversion mortgages differ in a few important ways. Both let homeowners 62 and older access their home equity without having to pay a monthly mortgage. A mortgage with particular standards and protections that is guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration is known as an HECM. Conversely, private lenders may provide reverse mortgages, which may have different terms and qualifying requirements. Here’s a quick look at the differences:

Feature

HECM

Reverse Mortgage

Insurer FHA Private lenders
Eligibility Requirements Strict FHA guidelines Lender-specific criteria
Costs FHA mortgage insurance premiums, fees Vary by lender/td>
Repayment Deferred until borrower moves Varies (e.g., lump sum, monthly payments)
Property Requirements FHA-approved properties Vary by lender
Government Benefits Impact DPotential impact Potential impact

Each type of mortgage has benefits and drawbacks. HECMs have upfront charges and property restrictions, but they also provide government insurance, more stringent qualifying requirements, and protection against default. Private lender reverse mortgages could be more flexible and have fewer initial expenses, but there might be risks and alternative terms for the borrower. Before making a choice, homeowners should carefully weigh their options and speak with a financial advisor.

Alternatives to HECMs

There are other options to take into consideration. One option is a cash-out refinance, in which homeowners can obtain cash for the difference when they refinance their current mortgage for a bigger sum than what they presently owe. Another choice is a home equity line of credit (HELOC) or a home equity loan; these enable homeowners to take out a loan with fixed or variable interest rates and repayment conditions based on the equity in their house.

A homeowner who wants financial freedom, without the hassles of an HECM or reverse mortgage, can look into alternative retirement income options like investments or annuities or downsize to a smaller, more inexpensive house. Before choosing one of these options, homeowners should carefully weigh their options, taking into account things like fees, payback terms, eligibility restrictions, and long-term financial objectives. Speaking with a financial advisor can also offer insightful advice on how to choose which course of action is appropriate for one’s particular circumstances.

Home Loan Rates

A number of economic factors, such as market demand, monetary policy decisions, and inflation, affect home loan rates. Mortgage lenders typically modify their rates in response to changes in the overall interest rate environment. With a fixed interest rate that stays the same for the duration of the loan, fixed-rate mortgages give borrowers stability and predictable monthly payments.

Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), on the other hand, start off with lower rates and come with the ability to change them at any time depending on the state of the market. This could result in changes to the monthly payment amount. Individual mortgage rates are also influenced by loan terms, credit score, and size of down payment; consumers with higher credit scores typically obtain lower rates. It is possible for borrowers to obtain reasonable rates that are customized to their financial situation by staying up to date with market developments and looking into choices with various lenders.

The Takeaway

A homeowner age 62 or over who wishes to stay in their house but also wants to unlock some of the equity in the property to cover expenses may find a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage is worth a look. But an HECM isn’t the only option, so weigh the pros and cons and consider a home equity loan or line of credit as well.

SoFi now offers flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 90% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively low rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.

Unlock your home’s value with a home equity line of credit brokered by SoFi.

FAQ

What is the downside of an HECM loan?

The drawbacks of an HECM loan are the possibility of accumulated interest, upfront expenses such mortgage insurance premiums and taxes, and potential effects on the borrower’s eligibility for government benefits or on the value of their estate.

What is the difference between an HECM mortgage and a reverse mortgage?

An HECM mortgage is a subset of a reverse mortgage that is insured by the FHA, providing specific protections. Reverse mortgages can be offered by private lenders and may have different terms and eligibility criteria.

What is the homeowner requirement to qualify for a home equity conversion mortgage?

To qualify for a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage, the homeowner must be aged 62 or older and have sufficient equity in the property, which must serve as their primary residence.


Photo credit: iStock/monkeybusinessimages

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.

SOHL-Q224-1841898-V1

Read more

What Is the Average Salary by Age in California in 2024?

Thinking about job hunting in California? You may wonder how much you can expect to earn. While pay depends on a number of factors, the average annual salary in California is $73,220. That’s according to a 2024 analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data conducted by Forbes. By comparison, the average annual salary in the U.S. is $63,795 — nearly $10,000 less.

Let’s take a closer look at how pay in California varies by age, location, and profession.

Average Salary in California by Age in 2024

Average income by age in California tends to increase as you get older and gain more experience. For instance, workers age 24 and younger earn an average of $44,205 a year, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Pay jumps up to an average of $90,138 a year for workers aged 25 to 44, and $98,785 a year for those age 45 to 64. Employees who are 65 and older earn an average of $60,832 a year.

These numbers make sense, as many people reach their peak earning years in their late 40s to late 50s. And after turning 65, many Americans choose to either retire, work fewer hours, or switch to a less-demanding job. No matter where you are in your professional journey, a money tracker can help you monitor your spending and saving.

Check your score with SoFi Insights

Track your credit score for free. Sign up and get $10.*


Recommended: Average U.S. Salary by State

Average Salary in California by City in 2024

Income varies from state to state and even city by city. A budget planner app is one way to stay on top of your finances and make progress toward your financial goals. Knowing which areas tend to pay more can help, too. Just keep in mind those same places may also have a higher cost of living.

Here are the 10 cities in California with the highest average salaries, according to ZipRecruiter.

City

Average Salary

East San Gabriel $219,808
Foster City $103,522
Sunnyvale $103,006
California Pines $102,542
Santa Clara $99,308
Mountain View $98,739
Palo Alto $96,828
San Francisco $94,878
Menlo Park $93,629
Cupertino $93,212

Average Salary in California by County

Wages in California can change by county. Let’s see what an average salary is in 10 different counties in California, based on 2022 data from the BLS.

County

Average Salary

Alameda County $93,132
Los Angeles County $85,124
Contra Costa County $82,680
San Diego County $79,612
Orange County $77,428
Sacramento County $76,180
Santa Cruz County $64,480
San Bernardino County $59,748
Riverside County $57,096
Fresno County $56,628

Examples of the Highest-Paying Jobs in California

Depending on your line of work and your living expenses, you may find you can earn a comfortable salary in California. According to Zippia.com, the top 10 highest-paying jobs in California pay on average between $199,736 and over $235,100 per year.

Some of the most lucrative positions in the state are in health care, including hospital physician, primary care pediatrician, orthodontist, psychiatrist, and medical director.

Recommended: What Is a Six-Figure Salary?

The Takeaway

When it comes to earning potential, you may find you can make more in California than you would in some other states. A typical worker in the Golden State makes an average of $73,220 a year, which is nearly $10,000 more than the national average salary. But income can change based on such factors as your age and level of experience, where you live, and the type of work you do.

Remember that salary is just one piece of your overall financial situation. To get a more complete picture of your overall financial well-being, it helps to calculate your net worth.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What is a good average salary in California?

A “good” salary in California depends on several factors, including where you live and whether you’re supporting other people. For example, to live comfortably in any major city, including those in California, a single adult needs to earn $96,500 or more a year. Meanwhile, a family of four should earn at least $235,000 a year, according to SmartAsset.

What is the average gross salary in California?

The average yearly salary in California is $73,220. This is nearly $10,000 higher than the average salary for the entire country, which is $63,795.

What is the average income per person in California?

The average income per capita in California is $45,591, according to incomebyzipcode.com. This is based on the most recent 2022 Census data. The average income per person will be lower than the average income because per capita income accounts for every person, even ones who are not working full time.

What is a livable wage in California?

In order to earn a livable wage in California, a single adult will need to make at least $56,825 a year, according to MIT’s Living Wage Calculator. The livable wage for a family of four with two working adults and two children is $138,357. A livable wage is the income needed to cover necessities, including food, housing, taxes, transportation, childcare, and healthcare.


Photo credit: iStock/milan2099

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q224-1839814-V1

Read more
TLS 1.2 Encrypted
Equal Housing Lender