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Moving can fire up a rollercoaster of emotions. The early rush of excitement may give way to stress over the looming to-do list of all that needs to happen before the big move.

Like any life transition, moving requires a lot of preparation. Thankfully, there’s no shortage of ways to help streamline the process.

Below are some tips that could make moving more efficient, including a guide to common costs to prepare for.

How to Streamline a Move

Here are a few helpful suggestions whether you’re easing into a new townhouse, apartment, condo, or home.

Get Rid of Unwanted Items

Moving is a chance to let go of items that have gone unused for months or years.

In addition to being able to get rid of unwanted “stuff,” decluttering can help you cut back on moving expenses. With fewer things to move from point A to point B, there’s less need for packing materials or an extra large moving truck. It may even help make the move speedier and more cost-effective, since there’s less stuff to carry (or pay someone else to carry). What’s more, reducing how much you have can also help ensure your new place won’t feel overstuffed.

Prepare Early

As you declutter, it can be useful to identify boxes and packing materials needed during the move, such as packing tape, markers, labels, scissors, newspaper, and bubble wrap. Why spend money on new cardboard boxes when there are likely unused boxes already lying around your home or at friends’ places? A visit to local recycling drop-off points may be in order, as it’s possible they’ll have free cardboard boxes available there, too.

Consider starting off your packing a few weeks ahead of time, with non-essential items like out-of-season clothes or kitchenware that’s rarely used. And consider taking photos of all valuable items as you go. This way, if anything breaks or movers damage something during the move, it will be easier to file a claim and receive reimbursement for it.

Tie Up Loose Ends

Moving to a new area? Consider making a list of everyone you’ll want to contact once you’re settled in your new place.This may include:

•   Friends and family members

•   U.S. Post Office

•   Employers

•   Credit card companies and other financial institutions

•   Service providers (e.g., water bill or internet)

If you’re hoping to keep utilities or services with a specific provider, it may help to call ahead of time to verify if those services are offered in the area you’re moving to and if the service can be transferred to your new address on or after move-in day.

Keep in mind if you’re starting a new service with a new company, you may need to notify them weeks in advance so they have enough time to schedule a technician’s visit or mail out the necessary equipment.

If you’re leaving the region, you’ll also want to make a note to cancel recurring memberships at local-only businesses, such as gyms and fitness centers.

Organize Moving Documents

From leases to service contracts to quotes from moving companies, there’s a lot of paperwork to manage with a move. It can help to keep all important documents organized in a single folder (and be sure to print out a copy of any documents sent to you electronically). Some paperwork to include in the moving folder could be:

•   Old leasing agreements

•   A new signed lease (if renting again)

•   Invoices from professional movers

•   Receipts associated with the move

The paperwork may even come in handy after you move. Members of the U.S. Armed Services may be able to deduct moving expenses, for example. And some companies will reimburse employees who are moving to accept a new job for common moving expenses. Talk to your human resources department to find out if you qualify and which receipts or invoices will be required for documentation.

Prepare a Tip for the Movers

For those who plan to hire professional movers, setting aside cash in an envelope could help when it comes time to tip. Often, people tip their movers if they’re happy with the job they completed. Taking out cash the day before a move can simplify tipping, as it’s one less thing to think about during moving day.

Recommended: The Ultimate Moving Checklist

Common Moving Expenses

When budgeting for a move, it can be useful to plan for expenses that can add up quickly.

Understanding Professional Moving Costs

If you’re moving yourself, plan on paying an average of $60 per day to rent the truck, and budget more for mileage, gas, tolls, and other expenses.

If you’re hiring professionals for the job, you can expect to pay quite a bit more. An in-town move that uses a team of two movers could cost an average of $80 to $100 per hour, according to Consumer Affairs. Moving to another state? Be prepared to spend upwards of $5,000 or more, depending on how far you’re going and the amount of stuff you’re hauling.

You may also want to consider whether to budget for packing services, which typically runs anywhere from $350 to $600, and moving insurance, which protects you in case your items are lost or damaged during the move.

If you’re looking to save a little money — and your schedule is flexible — you may want to look into moving during the middle of the week or middle of the month, when demand tends to be lower.

Estimating Transportation Costs

In addition to budgeting for the cost of moving your things, it’s good to calculate the expense of transporting yourself to your new home. Be sure to factor in expenses such as flights, lodging, food, rental car, and gas.

Other Supplies and Expenses

You might already be loading up on bubble wrap, packing tape, boxes, and labels. But there may be other moving-day essentials to consider.

1.    Cleaning supplies: Many landlords expect outgoing tenants to leave a property just as they found it: clean and empty. Be sure you have a mop, broom, cleaners, and sponges on hand.

2.    Repairs and renovations: Whether you’re patching holes in your old place or making upgrades in your new home, consider budgeting for any renovations or repairs.

3.    Furniture and other home items: You may find that when you move into your new space, you need to buy some new furniture. You may want to set aside a little extra for these purchases.

4.    New license and vehicle registration: If you’re moving across the country, you may need to calculate the cost of getting a new driver’s license and registration in a different state. Fees for getting a new license and vehicle registration vary by state.

Recommended: Things to Budget for After Buying a Home

The Takeaway

Whether you’re relocating across town or across the country, moving can be exciting. But it can also be stressful and expensive. To help streamline the process, you can remove and donate any unwanted items, assemble your supplies and the movers’ tip ahead of time, organize all the moving documents in one place, and alert family, friends, employers, and creditors of your new address.

It also helps to prepare your budget. A DIY move is often the most affordable option — on average, it costs around $50 per day to rent a truck, which does not include mileage, gas, tolls, and other expenses. A professional mover costs substantially more. An in-town move that uses a two-person team may cost around $80 to $100 per hour, but that price could climb into the thousands for an interstate move.

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FAQ

How long before you move should you start packing?

A good rule of thumb is to start decluttering and getting rid of unwanted items around 6 to 8 weeks before your move-out date. Two to three weeks before you move, you’ll want to start packing up your belongings.

Which room should I pack first when moving?

In general, it’s a smart idea to pack your attic, basement, garage, and other storage spaces in your home first. Then, focus your efforts on lesser-used rooms, such as a guest bedroom or dining room. Finally, as your moving date nears, start packing up the rooms you use more frequently, such as your bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom.

What is the hardest room to pack when moving out?

In many cases, movers find that the kitchen and dining room are the most challenging spaces to pack up. That’s because they usually contain an assortment of fragile pieces — think glasses, dishes, and cookware — that require careful wrapping and handling.

About the author

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy is a seasoned personal finance writer with 15 years of experience simplifying complex concepts for individuals seeking financial security. Her expertise has shined through in well-known publications like Rolling Stone, Forbes, SmartAsset, and Money Talks News. Read full bio.

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SOPL-Q225-017

Tail risk refers to the possibility that an investment could outperform or underperform its average return by a large amount. While many investors worry primarily about left-tail risk — the possibility of large losses — extreme gains can also wreak havoc with some types of strategies.

The term “tail risk” refers to the tails on a bell curve: While the fat middle of the bell curve represents the most probable returns, the tails — both positive and negative — represent the least likely outcomes.

What Is Tail Risk?

Tail risk is defined by a concept called standard deviation. As a metric, standard deviation shows how widely the price of an asset fluctuates above and below its average. For a volatile stock, the standard deviation will be high, while the standard deviation for a stock with a steady value will be low — because the price doesn’t vary much from its mean.

Standard deviation is an important number that investors use to understand how historically volatile a stock is, as well as the level of volatility they can project for it in the future. That projection is based on the underlying assumption that the price changes of a stock will follow the pattern of what’s considered a normal distribution.

What is a normal distribution of returns?

Normal distribution is a statistical term used to describe the probability of an event, and it shapes the bell curve. If you flip a coin 10,000 times, how often will it land on heads or tails? Each time, there is a 50% probability it will land on heads or tails, and the curve describes the likelihood that those 10,000 flips will come out 50/50. The fat middle of the curve says it will be close to 50/50, but there are extremely low probabilities at the low (or skinny) ends of the bell curve that it could be more like 80/20 heads or 80/20 tails.

If you flip a coin 10,000 times, how often will it land on heads or tails? Each time, there is a 50% probability it will land on heads or tails, and the curve describes the likelihood that those 10,000 flips will come out 50/50. The fat middle of the curve says it will be close to 50/50, but there are extremely low probabilities at the extremes of the bell curve that it could be more like 80/20 heads vs. tails or tails vs. heads.

The normal distribution approach to probability predicts that a stock selling at a mean price of $45 with a $5 standard deviation is 95% certain to sell between $35 and $55 at the close of that day’s market.

“Tail risk” is used to describe the risk that an investment will fall or rise by more than three standard deviations from its mean price. To continue the example, the hypothetical stock $45 stock has entered the domain of tail risk if, at the end of the trading day, it is priced at $30 or below, or at $60 or above.


💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

What are Fat Tail Risks?

Unpredictable events can be predictable in some senses, in that they happen in the markets on a regular basis. And those markets, such as the one following the onset of the pandemic in early 2020, exhibit much “fatter” tails. Another period characterized by having an extremely fat tail was the 2008 Financial Crisis.

They’re called “fat tails” because the outcomes that had been on the extremes were suddenly happening, instead of the ones previously considered probable. This condition is also called by the mathematical term leptokurtosis. As a general rule, because they deviate so wildly from the expected norm, fat tail events present great risk as well as great opportunities for investors.

Tail Risk Strategy

Financial models such as Harry Markowitz’s modern portfolio theory (MPT) or the Black-Scholes Merton option pricing model, employ the assumption that the returns of a given asset will remain between the mean and three standard deviations.

The assumptions made in these long-term market projections can help with planning. But they’re not realistic regarding how investors receive their market returns over the long term. Rather, the bulk of their returns, no matter how diversified their portfolio, are largely the result of positive tail events. The power of tail events over long periods is one reason that experts tell investors to stay in the markets during fat-tail periods of volatility, even if it is stressful at the time.

Why Investors Hedge Tail Risks

Left-tail events also have the potential to have an extremely negative impact on portfolios. That’s why many investors hedge their portfolios against these events — aiming to improve long-term results by reducing risk. But these strategies necessarily come with short-term costs.

Downside Protection

One strategy that’s designed to protect against tail risks involves taking short positions that counterbalance the rest of a portfolio, also known as buying downside protection. For example, if an investor is heavily invested in U.S. equities, they may consider investing in derivatives on the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) Volatility Index (VIX), which correlates to the inverse of the S&P 500 index. (Using short strategies is also one way to invest during a bear market.)

Another way to hedge by buying downside protection is to purchase out-of-the-money put options. When the assets connected to these put options go down, the put options become more valuable. Granted, buying those options costs money, but it can be a strategy to consider for investors who believe the markets are likely to be volatile for a while.

Tail Risk Parity

Tail risk parity is a way to structure a portfolio based on the expectations that events that have a negative impact on one asset class will likely be a boon to others. This requires looking at each asset class in terms of how it might fare in the event of a particular crisis, and then finding an asset class that would likely do well in that same circumstance, and then keeping them in balance within your portfolio.

Managed Futures Funds

Other investors who want to trim their exposure to tail risks may invest in managed futures funds. These funds buy long and short futures contracts in equity indexes, and can thrive during times of crisis in the markets.

The Takeaway

A tail risk is the risk that an event with a low likelihood of happening could happen with any given asset. There are a few different ways to mitigate the impact of tail risk in an investment portfolio, but for long-term investors, it can be helpful to keep in mind that tail risk is responsible for most returns over time.

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FAQ

What is left-tail risk and right-tail risk?

Left- and right-tail risk refer to the likelihood of dramatic price changes at the extreme ends of the bell curve, both losses (left tail) and gains (right tail).

How do you limit tail risk?

While investment outcomes can’t be predicted, investors can seek to mitigate tail risk by investing in less volatile securities, and possibly hedging downside risk by taking short positions.

What is a tail event?

A tail event refers to a statistically unlikely outcome that can drive an asset’s price outside of its normal range.