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Dividends are payments that investors can receive from stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and mutual funds. These earnings count as income and may be taxable, depending on your income and filing status.

We’ll investigate dividend tax rates and the difference between ordinary and qualified dividends.

Defining Ordinary and Qualified Dividends

The IRS divides stock dividends into two categories: ordinary and qualified. The federal tax rate is different for each category. A qualified dividend is one that qualifies for a lower tax rate based on the concept of capital gains. An ordinary dividend, meanwhile, is one that doesn’t qualify for a lower rate.

When a company declares a dividend payment, your dividend is ordinary if you’ve held their stock for less than 61 days over a 121-day period. If, however, you make the stock purchase on or before the date that it’s declared, and then hold it for at least 61 days, it is considered qualified.

The timing also matters. Let’s say that you own stock in Company A, and they announce that a dividend will be paid on December 1. The day before, November 30, is called the ex-dividend date, or ex-date. If you bought your shares of stock 60 days or fewer before November 30, then your dividend is ordinary. But if you bought the stock more than 60 days before November 30, your dividend is qualified.

Qualified Dividend Documentation

When it’s tax time, you’ll receive a 1099-DIV. This is the form that financial institutions use to report dividends to the IRS and relevant taxpayers. Box 1a shows the total ordinary dividends you received during this tax period. Box 1b shows your qualified dividends. The form will also show any federal or state income tax that was withheld. You can use this information plus the federal dividend tax rate to determine what you owe.

Financial institutions must issue a 1099-DIV to shareholders who receive more than $10 in dividends and other distributions for the year.

Tax Information for Ordinary and Qualified Dividends

The ordinary dividend tax rate is the same as an individual’s income tax bracket for the year.

The qualified dividend tax rate for 2024 is calculated using capital gains tax rates. This may be 0% depending on your taxable income and filing status. Here are the latest figures from the IRS for the 2024 tax year:

•   Less than $47,025 for single or married filing separately.

•   Less than $63,000 for head of household.

•   Less than $94,050 for married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er).

The qualified dividend tax rate rises to 15% for the next tax brackets:

•   $47,026 to $518,900 for single filers.

•   $47,026 to $291,850 for married filing separately.

•   $63,001 to $551,350 for head of household.

•   $94,051 to $583,750 for married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er).

Once your household income exceeds the 15% bracket, you’ll pay a 20% tax rate on any qualified dividends. There may also be a 3.8% net investment income tax. Consult your accountant or financial advisor regarding your situation.

Recommended: 2024 IRS Tax Refund Dates

Dividend Tax Rate 2023

The thresholds can change by year. For example, the dividend tax rate for 2023 was as follows

•   0% dividend tax rate:

◦   Single filers, up to $44,625

◦   Married filing jointly, up to $89,250

•   15% dividend tax rate:

◦   Single filers, $44,625–$492,300

◦   Married filing jointly, $89,250–$553,850

•   20% dividend tax rate:

◦   Single filers, $492,300+

◦   Married filing jointly, $553,850+

Dividend Tax Rate 2025

Looking ahead, we’ve got some insights into the 2025 tax year, which you’ll file in 2026. A married couple filing jointly won’t pay taxes on qualified dividends until their income is above $96,700. Above that amount, the tax rate will be 15%. The tax raise will go up to 20 percent when a couple earns more than $600,050.

Individual filers won’t pay 15% until their income is greater than $48,350. They’ll pay 20% when income exceeds $533,400.

Whether you’re paying a tax bill or getting a refund this year, it helps to have your financial house in order. With a money tracker app, you can set budgets, manage bill paying, and monitor your credit.

Recommended: Guide to Filing Your Taxes for the First Time

Why Are the Two Types of Dividends Taxed Differently?

Qualified dividends are more favorably taxed as an incentive to investors to hold onto stocks for a longer period of time. This is based on the concept of capital gains.

Additional Qualified Dividend Requirements

Besides the holding period described above, the dividend must have been paid by a corporation in the U.S. or a qualifying foreign one. Plus, the payment can’t be a dividend in name only. For example, payments given by tax-exempt agencies don’t qualify.

If a payment doesn’t satisfy all three requirements, then it can’t be a qualified dividend. It may be an ordinary dividend or another type of income.

The Takeaway

There are two broad types of dividends: ordinary and qualified. Qualified dividends are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary dividends. For a dividend to be qualified, an investor must hold the stock for at least 61 days during a particular time frame. A 1099-DIV will break out dividends into qualified and ordinary for the taxpayer’s information. There are three tax rates for qualified dividends. The lowest tax brackets pay nothing. The next brackets pay 15%, and the highest brackets pay 20%. Ordinary dividends are taxed as regular income.

To seamlessly track your finances, consider a spending app, which allows you to handle tasks like budgeting, paying bills, and more.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

What is the tax rate on dividends in 2024 and 2025?

The ordinary dividend tax rate is based on your tax bracket. With a qualified dividend tax rate, it depends on your filing status and your income. The lowest tax brackets pay nothing, the middle brackets pay 15%, and the highest brackets pay 20%.

How do I calculate my qualified dividends?

Investors receive form 1099-DIV from their financial institution, which provides the amount of ordinary and qualified dividend income received during the year. The IRS also provides a worksheet.

Why are my qualified dividends being taxed?

Dividends are a type of income, and investors who receive them typically pay taxes on them. It’s true that individuals who make less than $47,025 in 2024 pay no tax on qualified dividends. However, taxpayers in higher brackets must pay 15% or 20%.

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SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q125-056

If you’re looking to reduce the amount of income tax you’ll need to pay, there are numerous strategies to consider. Familiar moves include contributing to tax-deferred retirement and health-spending accounts, deducting certain taxes and interest, and making charitable donations. More complex maneuvers include timing investments to offset gains with losses.

Because each person’s situation is unique, be sure to check with your tax accountant to find out how a potential strategy might work for you. Note that some of the strategies included in this guide have income limits.

Keep reading to see how many of these 25 tactics you can implement.

25 Ways to Lower Your Taxable Income

As you look through this list of 25 ideas on how to pay less in taxes, you’ll note that some are broad, advising how to reduce either W-2 taxable income or self-employment income. Meanwhile, others are more targeted — for instance, applying only to the self-employed. Keep track of ideas that pertain to your situation so you can explore them further.

1. Contribute to a Retirement Account

Many IRA contributions are tax deductible. If you’re covered by a plan at work, you can contribute up to $23,000 to a 401(k) plan in 2024 ($23,500 in 2025), and an additional $7,500 if you’re over 50. You can also contribute $7,000 to an IRA ($8,000 if you’re over 50), though your deduction may be limited depending on income and other factors. (These amounts will remain the same in 2025.)

Self-employed individuals can contribute between 25% and 100% of net earnings from self-employment, up to $69,000 for 2024 (up to $70,000 for 2025). Plans available to the self-employed include the Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plan, solo-401(k), and Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees (SIMPLE IRA).

2. Open a Health Savings Account

A health savings account (HSA) allows you to deposit money on a pre-tax basis. Contribution limits depend on your health plan, age, and other factors, but most individuals can contribute $4,150 for 2024 and $4,300 for 2025.

Funds can be used to pay for qualified medical expenses or rolled over year to year. You must have a high deductible health plan (HDHP) to contribute to an HSA.

3. Check for Flexible Spending Accounts at Work

In lieu of an HSA, you can contribute up to $3,200 in pre-tax dollars to a flexible spending account (FSA). In 2025, the contribution threshold rises to $3,300. FSAs allow people with a health plan at work to deposit money and then use it to pay for qualifying health care costs. Unlike HSAs, FSAs don’t require an HDHP to qualify. The downside: Only a small portion of funds may be rolled over to the following year.

4. Business Tax Deductions

The IRS guidelines around business deductions change frequently, so it’s wise to watch out for their announcements throughout the year. Some business expenses apply only to self-employed people.

5. Home Office Deduction

When a self-employed person regularly uses a specific area of their home for business purposes, they may qualify to deduct costs associated with that part of the house. The home office deduction can be calculated in two ways (regular or simplified) up to the current gross income limitation. For more information, search for “IRS publication 587.”

When you’re in business for yourself, every moment counts. Online tools can help take the guesswork out of tracking your spending, setting up budgets, analyzing spending habits, and more.

6. Rent Out Your Home for Business Meetings

If you’re self-employed, you can also rent out your home for business events and meetings, collect the income — and not have to pay income taxes on that rental income. To learn specifics, visit https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/rp-13-13.pdf.

7. Write Off Business Travel Expenses

Travel expenses, as defined by the IRS, are the “ordinary and necessary expenses of traveling away from home for your business, profession, or job. You can’t deduct expenses that are lavish or extravagant, or that are for personal purposes.” For IRS guidance for both W-2 employees and the self-employed, go to https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc511.

8. Deduct Half of Your Self-Employment Taxes

When calculating your adjusted gross income (AGI) as a self-employed person, using Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR, you can deduct half the amount of your self-employment tax. In 2024 and 2025, the self-employment tax rate is 12.4% for Social Security and 2.9% for Medicare, based on your net earnings.

9. Get a Credit for Higher Education

This tax credit can go up to $2,500 based on tuition costs along with what you paid in certain fees and for course materials. As a first step, income tax owed is reduced dollar for dollar up to your limit. Then, if your tax credit is more than what you owe, you may be able to get up to $1,000 in a refund.

10. Itemize State Sales Tax

Currently, you can deduct a total of $10,000 for itemized state and local income taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes when you use Form 1040 or 1040-SR. If married but filing separately, the total is $5,000 per person. The IRS provides a calculator that you can use to figure out your deduction at https://apps.irs.gov/app/stdc/.

11. Make Charitable Donations

A taxpayer can typically deduct up to 60% of their AGI to qualified charities. But starting with contributions made in 2020, the IRS implemented a temporary suspension on limits. This means that a person can make qualified charitable contributions up to 100% of their AGI.

12. Adjust Your Basis for Capital Gains Tax

If you sell an asset, including but not limited to investments, a capital gains tax is levied on the difference between the purchase price and what it sells for. The adjusted basis also takes into account the costs of capital improvements made, minus decreases such as casualty losses. For more on the topic when selling a home, search for “IRS publication 523.”

Recommended: Should I Sell My House Now or Wait?

13. Avoid Capital Gains Tax by Donating Stock

You may be able to avoid paying capital gains tax if you transfer the ownership of your appreciated stock (held for more than one year). This is something that needs to be handled in exactly the right way; your tax accountant can help.

14. Invest in Qualified Opportunity Funds

If you invest in property through a Qualified Opportunity Fund, the IRS states that you can temporarily defer paying taxes on the gains. Taxes can be deferred (not reduced or canceled) up until December 31, 2026, or until an inclusion event occurs earlier than that date. This is a complex strategy and, again, you may want to get professional advice.

15. Claim Deductions for Military Members

You may be able to deduct moving expenses if you’re a member of the military on active duty who relocated because of a military order and permanent change of location. In this case, you can potentially deduct your unreimbursed moving expenses as well as those for your spouse and dependents. You can calculate relevant expenses on “IRS form 3903, Moving Expenses.”

16. Enroll in an Employee Stock Purchasing Program

In an employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), an employee who works at a company that offers this program can buy company stock at a discount. The company takes out money through payroll deductions and, on the designated purchase date, buys stock for participating employees. Note that only qualified plans have potential tax benefits.

17. Deduct the Student Loan Interest You’ve Paid

You may qualify to deduct student loan interest. Annual deduction amounts are the lesser between the amount of interest paid and $2,500. This deduction is lowered and eliminated when your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) reaches a certain limit based on your filing status.

18. Sell Your Losing Stocks to Claim Capital Loss Carryover

If you sell stock at less than the purchase price, you’ve experienced a capital loss. You can use that loss to offset any capital gains that year. If you’ve lost more than you’ve gained, this can reduce your taxable income, which could reduce what you owe up to $3,000 for individuals and married couples, and $1,500 for someone married who filed separately.

Recommended: Tax Loss Carryforward

19. Deduct Mortgage Interest

You can deduct the money you paid on mortgage interest on the first $750,000 (or $375,000 if married, filing separately) of mortgage debt you owe. Higher limits exist ($1,000,000/$500,000) if the debt was taken on before December 16, 2017.

20. Deduct Medical Expenses

Under certain circumstances, you can deduct medical and dental expenses for yourself, your spouse, and dependents. You’ll need to itemize on your tax return and can only deduct qualifying expenses that exceed 7.5% of your AGI.

21. Delay IRA Withdrawal Upon Retirement

You can delay IRA withdrawals so that you don’t have more taxable income when you’re a high earner.

22. Ask Your Employer to Defer Income

You pay income tax in the year the income is received. Although there are reasons why employers typically can’t postpone providing paychecks, they may be able to delay a bonus to the following year as long as this is standard practice for them. If self-employed, you can delay sending your end-of-year invoices to bump December payments to the following calendar year.

23. Open a 529 Plan for Education

A 529 plan allows you to save for future educational expenses. Although the contributions themselves aren’t deductible, interest that accrues in the account is tax-free, federally, as well as being tax-free in many states. In other words, when the money is withdrawn to pay college expenses, it is not taxed.

24. Buy Tax-Exempt Bonds

Interest you receive on muni bonds, for example, is not federally taxed (although there may be state and/or local taxes). These are typically very safe investments, although the interest rates may not be what you want.

25. Time Your Investment Gains or Losses

Known as tax loss harvesting, this strategy takes planning because you’ll want to ensure that any investment gains can be offset, as much as possible, by tax losses. So you may decide, as just one example, to hold on to a stock that’s lost significant value — selling it at a time when it can offset a stock sale with a sizable gain.

The Takeaway

High earners looking to reduce taxable income have many avenues to explore — some you’ve likely heard of, with others perhaps new to you. For instance, investors may be able to take advantage of tax loss harvesting, tax loss carryover, or tax efficient investing. Consult your tax accountant about your specific situation. And to take advantage of tax reduction opportunities, it’s important to keep careful track of your financial transactions.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

How can I lower my taxable income?

If you’re wondering how to reduce your taxable income, there are numerous strategies that might work for your situation. A good place to start: Contribute to a retirement account, open a health savings account, and learn which taxes and interest you can deduct. Talk to your tax accountant about specific questions you may have.

What are the tax loopholes for the rich?

If you’re looking to reduce your taxable income, consider making charitable donations and investigating investment strategies that offset gains with losses.

Do 401(k) contributions reduce taxable income?

Said another way, are IRA contributions tax deductible? Retirements typically offer some tax benefits with specifics varying based on the type of retirement account. Traditional IRAs have different rules, for example, than Roth IRAs.

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SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q125-055

If you’ve ever exchanged foreign currency while traveling in another country, you likely know how expensive it can be. Often, the most convenient places to change your money (such as the airport or hotel) can be the most costly.

Though you often have to pay fees to access foreign currency, it’s worthwhile to learn how to exchange your money for as little extra cost as possible. Here’s a look at some of the best — and worst — places to exchange foreign currency, plus tips for how to get the best conversion rates and save on fees.

The Benefits of Exchanging Foreign Currency

Though many places will accept credit cards overseas, it can still be useful to convert your dollars to foreign currency. Here’s why:

•   There may be places that only accept cash, such as when you buy food at markets, haggle for souvenirs, or shop at stores that don’t accept plastic for payment.

•   Having some cash is a great backup form of payment in case you run across issues with your credit card.

•   Cash can be a helpful way to create a budget while traveling. Say, if you give yourself $75 a day for food, having that cash in your pocket can help you avoid going overboard vs. swiping too much with a credit card. That can help you keep your budget in balance.

•   Exchanging foreign currency also gives you the potential advantage of avoiding currency conversion fees and staying within your vacation budget. For instance, some international retailers give you the opportunity to pay in local or your own country’s currency. If you choose the latter, you may get a poor exchange rate.

Paying in local currency may help you save money. For instance, some international retailers give you the opportunity to pay in local or your own country’s currency. If you choose the latter, you may get a poor exchange rate.

By exchanging foreign currency ahead of time, you may be able to avoid paying more than necessary and take advantage of more favorable exchange rates.

Finding Places to Exchange Currency

Here’s a look at some of the best places to exchange foreign currency.

Banks and Credit Unions

Most major commercial banks will have foreign currency available for you to exchange. And depending on the currency you’re looking for, your bank may only charge you the exchange rate and no additional fees. In this case, you may nab the most cost-effective method to exchange currency.

Your financial institution may offer several ways to request foreign currency — online, over the phone, or at your local branch. Not all banks (or credit unions) keep every possible currency on hand, however, so you may need to do some advance planning. It could take several business days to complete a currency exchange.

Your bank can also be a good place to convert any leftover foreign currency back to U.S. dollars when you get home.

Online Currency Conversion

Another way to change your money before you leave town is to use an online currency exchange service. Services like Currency Exchange International and OFX allow you to buy currency online before you travel using your credit or debit card and will deliver the currency to your home or, in some cases, another location.

Some online currency services may have better rates than airport kiosks, and even banks, but that’s not always the case. Be sure to shop around and understand all the fees involved to make sure you’re getting a good deal.

Recommended: How to Deposit Foreign Currency in Your Bank Account

Overseas ATMs

If you don’t exchange any (or enough) cash before you go, another option is to withdraw cash at an ATM after you arrive. This can be especially cost-effective if your bank offers fee-free ATMs in international locations. If that’s the case, you may be able to withdraw cash in the local currency with competitive exchange rates and low fees. If you don’t have access to any in-network ATMs, however, you’ll want to find out what the out-of-network ATM fees will be to see if it’s worth converting currency this way.

Worst Ways to Exchange Foreign Currency

Now that you know where to exchange currency, let’s take a closer look at some places you may want to avoid. The following exchange locations can make converting currencies more expensive than necessary.

Airport Kiosks

Exchanging your cash at the airport usually results in some of the highest fees and least favorable exchange rates out of all your options. However, they can be a convenient fall-back, especially if you weren’t able to exchange any currency ahead of time.

Local Currency Conversion Kiosks

You may find currency exchange kiosks and bureaus at highly-trafficked tourist attractions, shopping areas, or even your hotel. Like airport kiosks, they’re a convenient place to exchange currency, but you could be paying high fees and facing lower-than-average exchange rates.

Alternatives to Exchanging Foreign Currency

Instead of exchanging cash and using it while traveling, you might use your credit or debit card to cover your travel expenses.

Using Your Credit Card On Trips

Paying for meals, purchases, and other travel expenses with your credit card can be a good deal, since many card issuers offer favorable exchange rates. What’s more, your card issuer may offer protection on your purchases, as well as cash back or reward points for every dollar you spend.

Before you go this route, however, you’ll want to check to make sure your card doesn’t charge foreign transaction fees. Cards that charge these fees typically add an extra 3% for every foreign purchase. If your card does instil these fees, it may be worth applying for one that doesn’t before you leave town.

Something else to keep in mind: When using a credit card overseas, it’s generally better to pay in local currency than in U.S. dollars (USD). This way, your bank will manage the currency conversion and likely give you a better rate than you would get from a local merchant or restaurant.

Before going on your trip, be sure to notify your credit card issuer of your plans. That way, they don’t accidentally deny your transaction believing it’s fraudulent.

Using Your Debit Card in a Foreign Country

Debit cards are typically backed by Mastercard or Visa, brands which are known around the world. You may find that you are able to use your debit card for transactions when traveling, especially where those brands are welcomed. Just keep in mind that, similar to the fees charged by some credit cards, your bank could charge a foreign transaction or foreign exchange fee on every debit card purchase you make overseas. It’s a good idea to ask your bank about their policies before you leave town.

The Takeaway

Exchanging foreign currency before you go on your trip is most likely your best option, as it tends to offer the lowest fees and best exchange rates. Using your credit card or debit card can also be great, especially if your bank or card issuer doesn’t charge foreign transaction fees.

Working with your bank is generally the best way to ensure you’re financially sound when you go on your trip. And having the right banking partner will also keep you in good shape every day when you’re home.

FAQ

Do banks exchange foreign currency?

Yes, most banks will exchange foreign currency. However, the types of foreign currency available will differ from one bank to another. Your financial institution may need a few days to get the currency you need.

Is it better to go to a bank or currency exchange?

In general, it’s better to exchange currency at a bank than a dedicated currency exchange. Banks tend to offer better exchange rates and charge lower fees, particularly if you’re already a customer. Currency exchange kiosks located in airports or tourist areas tend to charge higher fees and offer less favorable exchange rates compared to banks.

Where can I change currency for free?

One place where you may be able to exchange currency for free is at your bank. Some banks don’t charge exchange fees to existing customers. In some cases, your bank may charge a small fee if you exchange less than a certain minimum amount.

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