A smiling couple on a couch reviews documents on a laptop as they complete their gift tax return.

What Is a Gift Tax Return and When Is It Due?

An individual preparing to file a federal tax return will want to think back on gifts given in the prior year. If a gift exceeds a certain threshold, the IRS wants it reported by Tax Day — but only extremely wealthy taxpayers will ever have to pay taxes on their lifetime of gifts.

In 2025, you could have made gifts worth up to $19,000 per recipient without reducing your lifetime exemption, being required to report the gift to the IRS, or paying federal gift tax.

Gifts over that value count toward the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption of $13.99 million (per spouse, if married), rising even higher in 2026.

Key Points

•   Annual exclusion limits for gift tax are $19,000 for 2025 and 2026.

•   The donor is typically responsible for filing and paying gift tax, if applicable.

•   Failure to file a gift tax return can result in penalties and interest.

•   Records of gifts must be kept indefinitely for tax purposes.

•   Lifetime exemption for gift tax is $13.99 million per individual in 2025 and $15 million per individual in 2026.

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What Is a Gift and What Is Not?

According to the IRS, gift tax is applicable when property is transferred from one person to another, with the giver receiving nothing, or less than full value, in return. The tax applies even when the donor doesn’t consider the transfer a gift.

The IRS defines the federal gift tax broadly, including when the gift is monetary or a physical property, or a donor allowing someone to stay in their property or earn income from the property without getting something equal in return.

Someone who makes an interest-free or reduced-interest loan may also be seen as giving a gift.

When you make a gift other than cash, you must assess the property’s fair market value: the price a willing buyer would pay in the open market. If you’re buying a house from a family member, you might ask for a gift of equity.

Generally, the IRS does not consider these taxable gifts:

•   Gifts that are not more than the annual exclusion for the calendar year

•   Another person’s tuition, as long as payments are made directly to the educational institution

•   Another person’s medical expenses, as long as the payments are made directly to medical service providers

•   Gifts to a spouse who is a U.S. citizen

•   Gifts to a political organization

•   Gifts to IRS-approved charities

What Is a Gift Tax Return?

Par for the course with the IRS, there’s a form involved if you made a gift exceeding the annual limit: Form 709. It is to be filled out the year after the giving of the gift. So if a relevant gift was given in 2025, the information belongs on the 2026 tax return form.

Information on this form lets the IRS know that a gift has been given that falls within the scope of the gift tax.

Married couples may “split” gifts and essentially double their annual exclusion. If you are married and your spouse consented, you could have given up to $38,000 to an unlimited number of individuals in 2025 and 2026 with no gift or estate tax consequences.

Spouses who split gifts always have to file Form 709, even when no taxable gift was incurred.

The gift tax is tied to the estate tax. As of tax year 2025, you can leave up to $13.99 million to relatives or friends free of any federal estate tax. If you’re married, your spouse is entitled to a separate $13.99 million exemption. Clearly this is the province of high earners.

Who Files the Gift Tax Return: the Giver or the Recipient?

Taxes typically fall on the donor, not the recipient.

There may be special circumstances when the recipient will agree to pay the tax. If you make this agreement, the IRS suggests that you contact your tax professional for guidance on how to proceed.

Annual Exclusion for 2025

You could have made an unlimited number of tax-free gifts in 2025 as long as no one received more than $19,000.

If you held back, just know that you can once again make an unlimited number of tax-free gifts of up to $19,000 in 2026, when the lifetime gift tax exemption increases to $15 million per person.

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When Do You Need to File a Gift Tax Return?

This follows the regular tax filing deadline, which is April 15 in 2026.

If you need a gift tax return extension when you’re not filing a tax extension for your general income tax return, file Form 8892. This will typically give you a six-month extension.

How to File a Gift Tax Return

First, you use the federal gift tax return Form 709 that’s available online through the IRS. The IRS also provides gift tax return instructions. The agency includes determining if you need to file a form and, if so, for what gifts.

You may need to decide whether you and a spouse will split the gift taxes.

Form 709 is complicated. Whether you’re a seasoned tax filer or filing taxes for the first time, a tax pro could be of great help.

Recommended: How Long Does It Take for the IRS to Mail a Refund?

What Happens If I Don’t File a Gift Tax Return?

You could be fined by the IRS, and the taxing authority is becoming more vigilant in levying these failure-to-pay penalties. The fine equals 0.5% for every month that the tax isn’t paid, based on the amount of the gift. So, as time goes by, the fine gets bigger, up to a maximum of 25%. If the IRS determines that fraud was involved, the fine can go up to 15%.

If this oversight isn’t discovered in a person’s lifetime, the estate could be assessed the accumulated fine.

How Long Should You Keep Gift Tax Returns?

Keep them indefinitely! They will likely be needed by the executor of your estate.

Recommended: 41 Things to Do With Your Tax Refund

The Takeaway

A gift tax return might inspire dread, but it’s simply a way for the IRS to track eligible gifts made in a year and over a lifetime. Most people will never pay gift taxes.

Want to keep tabs on gifts and track all of your money in one place? A money tracker app may be able to help.

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See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What triggers a gift tax return?

The main trigger is exceeding the annual limit of what you can give without taxation. The annual amount per donee is $19,000 in both 2025 and 2026.

Do I have to file a gift tax return if I receive a gift?

In general, it’s the donor of the gift, not the recipient, who pays the tax.

What happens if I don’t file a gift tax return?

The IRS may levy fines. If it doesn’t happen in your lifetime, the situation may be uncovered by the IRS after your death, and fines can be levied on the estate.


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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

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Health Care Costs in Retirement: How to Plan Ahead

When planning for retirement, people often assume Medicare will cover their medical bills, but in fact many retirees will face out-of-pocket costs that, over time, could reach into the six figures.

While it’s difficult to predict for sure what your actual health care costs in retirement will be — especially in light of today’s longevity — it’s wise to work with a ballpark figure in order to create a safety net of savings that will cover you, no matter what your needs will be in the years to come.

Key Points

•   Planning for retirement should take health care costs into account, such as potential out-of-pocket costs and long-term care.

•   According to research, the average 65-year-old individual may need $165,000 in savings to cover medical expenses in retirement (and double that amount for couples).

•   Medicare covers medical costs such as preventive care, doctor visits, prescription drugs, inpatient hospital stays, short-term rehab, and hospice.

•   Medicare Advantage Plans are Medicare-approved, private insurance plans that may cover medical basics as well as other expenses, such as vision, hearing, and dental.

•   Health savings accounts (HSAs) and long-term care insurance can help pay for medical expenses not covered by Medicare.

Health Care in Retirement

The cost of health care in retirement can be overwhelming. According to the annual Fidelity Retiree Health Care Cost Estimate in 2024, a typical retired couple aged 65 could spend as much as $330,000 in after-tax savings on medical expenses during the course of their retirement.

That figure doesn’t include related health costs such as dental services, over-the-counter medications, or long-term care — which are not currently covered by original Medicare.

Long-term care expenses can be especially onerous, with the median cost of a private room in a nursing home running about $116,800 per year, according to the 2023 Genworth Cost of Care Survey. This, too, is an expense that many people may need to factor into their retirement plans, given the growing number of people living into their 80s and 90s — or longer.

This “new longevity,” as it’s sometimes called, may also lead to additional health-related costs down the line that are difficult to anticipate now, but require educated estimates nonetheless — especially for women, who live on average about five years longer than men.

Recommended: Different Types of Retirement Accounts

How Much to Budget for Health Care Costs in Retirement

To create a realistic plan for retirement, and make optimal financial decisions about investing for retirement, insurance coverage, and the timing of important government benefits — the starting point is to look at how much money will be coming in, and how much will be going out to pay for likely health issues.

Social Security Benefits

While Social Security benefits depend on an individual’s work history, as well as the age when they first file for Social Security, the key thing to know about this source of income is that it’s limited. The average monthly payout in November 2025 was $1,869.20. The maximum possible benefit amount is $4,018 per month for those who retire at full retirement age in 2025, and the maximum possible benefit is $4,152 per month for those who retire at full retirement age in 2026.

Individuals can file for Social Security starting at age 62, generally speaking, but “full retirement age” is 67 for those born in 1960 and later. To get a more accurate estimate of your own benefit amount, go to SSA.gov.

Private Sources of Income

Fortunately, most retirees also have savings or a pension, which can add to their income. Nearly 80% of retirees reported having one or more sources of private income, in addition to Social Security, according to the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2022, by the Federal Reserve Board.

For example, you may have opened a retirement account like an IRA or an employer-sponsored plan, such as a 401(k), that may offer an additional source of income.

If you’re freelance or a small business owner, you may have a SEP IRA or a SIMPLE IRA — common retirement plan options for the self-employed.

The point is to have a grasp of your income sources in retirement, as well as your anticipated cash flow, so that you can cover medical costs in retirement.

Understanding Health Care Costs

As costs vary considerably depending on one’s region, age, and overall health, it can be difficult to estimate the precise amount to set aside for health care in retirement.

Start by assessing your overall health today, and speaking to your doctor(s) about any chronic conditions, genetic predispositions, and any other risk factors that could impact the care you need as you get older.

Unfortunately, there’s almost no way to predict with any accuracy the types of conditions or care you might need, or what they will cost, when preparing for retirement. But in some cases this thought exercise may help you anticipate some upcoming costs, so you can factor that into your overall estimate.

Of course, not all of your medical costs in retirement will be out of pocket; Medicare (and Medicaid, if you qualify) cover many medical expenses. But this insurance is another expense to factor in.

What Does Medicare Cost, What Does It Cover?

Medicare is a medical insurance program offered by the federal government for those 65 years and older, and those who are disabled. Medicare will pay certain health care expenses in retirement, but with restrictions. Dental, vision, and hearing care, including hearing aids, are not covered by Original Medicare, generally known as Parts A and B.

Also, as noted above: Medicare does not cover long-term care, like an assisted living or nursing home facility.

Note that you must apply for Medicare benefits within a certain window, or risk being penalized with higher premiums. Generally, the Initial Enrollment period begins three months before you turn 65, and it ends three months after the month in which you turned 65. Some exceptions apply (for example, if you have health insurance through your employer, or were affected by a natural disaster).

Be sure to check the terms that might apply to your situation to avoid a penalty.

Understanding Medicare Coverage

The following terms generally apply to those with a modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) over $103,000, or $206,000 for a married couple. If your premium is subject to an income adjustment, it could be as high as $594 per month (though according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the highest rate generally applies to people with incomes over $500,000, or $750,000 for a married couple).

•   Medicare Part A covers inpatient hospital stays and treatment, as well as skilled nursing care (i.e. short-term rehab), limited in-home care and hospice. As long as you or your spouse had sufficient Medicare taxes withheld through your job (generally at least 10 years), you won’t pay a monthly premium for Part A. The deductible for Part A is $1,736 in 2026, an increase of $60 from $1,676 in 2025.

•   Medicare Part B covers outpatient care, preventive care, and visits to doctors. The monthly premium for Part B is $202.90 for 2026, an increase of $17.90 from $185.00 in 2025. The annual deductible for 2026 is $283, an increase of $26 from the annual deductible of $257 in 2025. 

•   Medicare Part D covers prescription drugs. The average estimated monthly Part D plan premium in 2026 is $34.50.

Medicare Part C, or Medicare Advantage Plans, is a bit of a separate case. Medicare Advantage plans are private insurance plans that are Medicare-approved, and may cover vision, hearing, or dental needs, as well as the medical basics and prescriptions covered by Parts A, B, and D. Medicare Advantage plans are optional.

While the Advantage Plans are designed to fill in certain gaps in coverage, you want to make sure the costs are manageable, and that you’re not paying for overlapping policies.

Medicare Costs

In other words, assuming at least one hospital stay that requires you to pay the deductible, the basic cost of Medicare alone is about $4,600 per year. Again, that doesn’t include:

•   Vision care

•   Dental care

•   Hearing care or hearing aids

•   Long-term care

Most people will need some or all of those types of health care as they get older, which could add to your potential out-of-pocket expenses over time, and speaks to the need for some emergency savings.

Other Ways to Pay for Health Care

In addition to Medicare, there are other ways to pay for medical expenses during retirement, including HSA accounts and long-term care insurance.

Health Savings Account (HSA)

When choosing a health insurance plan before you retire, consider one that comes with a health savings account (HSA) that may help you save money for retirement medical expenses. These accounts generally come with high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), and provide three substantial tax benefits:

•   Contribution deductions

•   Tax-deferred growth

•   Withdrawals without taxation for qualified medical costs

The accounts take pre-tax deposits to cover health care costs that are not covered by insurance. The unspent money in an HSA rolls over from year to year. Most important, the money in an HSA account belongs to you, even when you are no longer participating in the original high-deductible plan.

What Your HSA Savings May Cover

HSA funds can be used to pay for a variety of medical expenses in retirement. For instance, prescription drugs, eyeglasses, hearing aids, and other medical supplies can generally be purchased with HSA funds.

Additionally, you can use HSA savings to cover deductibles and co-payments for medical care. Medicare premiums and long-term care insurance premiums can also be covered using HSA funds.

By utilizing catch-up payments and employer contributions, those who are already over 50 can still get the most out of these programs. A catch-up payment of $1,000 per year, in addition to the maximum contribution limit, is allowed for people 55 and older. One can use an HSA to pay for yearly physicals or other preventative exams covered by an HDHP.

A benefit of utilizing an HSA to cover medical expenses in retirement is that the money in the account can be invested, allowing it to increase in value over time. This might be helpful for people who wish to have a dedicated source of savings to cover medical bills.

It’s worth noting that funds in an HSA must be used for qualified medical expenses in order to be withdrawn tax-free. It’s a good idea to consult a tax professional or review IRS guidelines to ensure that HSA funds are being used appropriately.

Long-Term Care Insurance

Another approach to bridge the Medicare gap is to get long-term care insurance. This kind of insurance can provide a monthly benefit for long-term care, either for a few years or for the rest of one’s life.

The expenses of long-term care such as in-home care, assisted living, and nursing facility care, can be covered in part by long-term care insurance. These services are often required by people who are unable to do activities of daily living on their own, such as eating, dressing, or bathing, due to a chronic disease or disability.

That said, these policies can be complex, as well as expensive, and it may be wise to consult with a professional before purchasing coverage.

The Takeaway

Medical expenses can be a large portion of one’s retirement budget. As daunting as it may seem, calculating these expenditures ahead of time and developing an insurance and spending plan will help you save more of your retirement funds for other needs.

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FAQ

How much does the average person spend on health care in retirement?

Health care costs depend on a variety of factors, but on average a healthy person over age 65 could spend as much as $165,000 during their retirement ($330,000 per couple).

How do I prepare for health care expenses in retirement?

A few ways to prepare include making a retirement budget, saving in a retirement account, funding a health savings account while still employed, making sure to get adequate medical insurance through Medicare and/or private Advantage plans once you turn 65. You may want to consider long-term care insurance as well.

How do I save for out-of-pocket medical expenses?

Ways to save on out-of-pocket medical expenses include shopping around for the best prices on health care services, making use of preventive care services to help reduce the need for more expensive treatments in the future, and purchasing insurance to help cover unexpected medical costs. In addition, funding a health savings account (HSA) when it’s offered is a tax-advantaged way to set aside money for health care costs.


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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Guide to Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Accounts

Guide to Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Accounts

An ABLE account — short for Achieving a Better Life Experience — is a tax-advantaged savings vehicle that’s designed for eligible people with disabilities. Designated beneficiaries can use an ABLE savings account to set aside money to pay for qualified disability-related expenses.

An ABLE savings account can offer substantial tax benefits for qualified individuals, as contributions grow tax deferred and qualified withdrawals are also tax free. Also referred to as a 529 A account (owing to its similarity to a 529 college savings plan), the ABLE account is designed to make saving and investing more advantageous for people with disabilities and their families.

What Is an ABLE Account?

An ABLE account is a tax-advantaged savings account for people with disabilities and their families. ABLE savings accounts allow people to pay for qualified disability expenses (QDEs) without impacting their ability to qualify for Medicaid or other government assistance programs.

The Achieving a Better Life Experience Act became law in December 2014. The intention behind the ABLE Act and the creation of ABLE accounts was to ease financial stress associated with paying for many of the QDEs associated with different disabilities. Qualified expenses include: housing, education, assistive technologies, specially equipped vehicles, and even food.

Under the ABLE Act, states have the authority to establish an ABLE disability account program. As of June 2022, all 50 states offer at least one ABLE savings account program, according to the ABLE National Resource Center. However, plans are currently inactive in Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

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How Do ABLE Accounts Work?

An ABLE account is a type of tax-deferred savings account similar to a 529 college savings plan. These accounts work by allowing designated beneficiaries to contribute money, up to prescribed limits.

The money can come from various sources, including individual or corporate contributions, or a trust. The money in an ABLE savings account does not affect your eligibility for other government benefits.

Also like a 529 plan, the money grows on a tax-deferred basis and can be withdrawn tax free when it’s used to pay for qualified disability expenses. Broadly speaking, QDEs are any expenses a person with disability pays in order to maintain their health, independence, and quality of life.

However, withdrawals from an ABLE savings account for non-qualified expenses can result in those distributions being subject to tax. Using money in an ABLE disability account for non-qualified expenses could also affect eligibility for government assistance.

Benefits of an ABLE Account

Generally speaking, ABLE savings accounts are designed to make paying for certain expenses easier for people with disabilities. Here are some of the main advantages of opening an ABLE savings account.

Tax-Deferred Growth and Tax-Free Withdrawals

One of the main draws of ABLE accounts is their tax-advantaged status. The money that goes into an ABLE account can be invested and allowed to grow on a tax-deferred basis. As long as distributions are used to pay for QDEs, withdrawals are always 100% tax-free.

ABLE accounts have an edge over savings accounts, since designated beneficiaries can invest their money in the market. That means they have an opportunity to grow their savings through the power of compound interest.

Flexibility

The ABLE account allows for flexibility, since the money can be used to pay for a wide range of disability-related costs. With a traditional 529 plan, savers are limited to using funds to pay for education-related expenses. The ABLE savings account allows designated beneficiaries (i.e. the disabled individual or family member) to use the money for the categories noted above — housing, transportation, technology, food, etc. — as well as employment training, health and wellness costs, legal and administrative fees, and more.

Friends, family members, and others can contribute to ABLE accounts on behalf of the designated beneficiary, up to the annual limit. For 2025, the annual contribution limit, including rollovers from 529 plans, is $19,000; for 2026, the annual limit is $20,000.

And beneficiaries don’t have to worry about those contributions affecting their ability to qualify for Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), or other forms of government aid, assuming they’re within certain limits. To learn more about who can make qualified contributions, check the ABLE website, or consult the ABLE program in your state.

One further note: In addition, a U.S.-resident ABLE account owner who doesn’t participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan can contribute up to an additional $15,060 from their earnings into their ABLE account in 2025. The amount that can be added to the account is higher for residents of Alaska at $18,810 and Hawaii at $17,310. In 2026, a U.S.-resident ABLE account owner who doesn’t participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan can contribute up to an additional $15,650. The amount that can be added to the account is higher for residents of Alaska at $19,550 and Hawaii at $17,990. (More details on this below.)

Financial Autonomy

ABLE accounts afford designated beneficiaries with a measure of financial independence, since they can set up an ABLE account themselves and make contributions on their own behalf. Individuals can also manage the account, and decide how to invest their savings and when to take qualified distributions for eligible expenses.

An ABLE account can give a person with disabilities more control than something like a special needs trust, a type of trust fund. In a special needs trust, the trust grantor sets aside assets for a disabled beneficiary but that beneficiary doesn’t have a say in how the money can be used.

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Drawbacks of an ABLE Account

While ABLE accounts have some positives, they’re not necessarily right for everyone who has a disability. Here are some of the potential drawbacks to consider when deciding whether to open an ABLE account.

Non-Deductible Contributions

Contributions to an ABLE savings account do not offer a tax break in the form of a deduction. (This is also true of some state 529 plans.) So even if you fully fund an ABLE account up to the annual limit each year, you can’t use those contributions as tax deductions.

Age Restrictions

An ABLE account can only be established for someone who has a blindness or disability that began before age 26. So someone who becomes disabled at age 27 or later would not be able to open an ABLE disability account.

The age requirement puts this type of special needs savings account out of reach for some individuals, though they could still be named the beneficiary of a special needs trust.

Worth knowing: There’s legislation afoot to raise the age of eligibility to “before 46” versus “before 26” in 2026.

Means Testing

Money held in an ABLE account is subject to means testing for the purposes of qualifying for Supplemental Security Income and Medicaid. The first $100,000 in ABLE account assets is disregarded for SSI but going over that limit can result in a suspension of your benefit payments.

The $100,000 account balance threshold doesn’t affect Medicaid eligibility. But if a designated beneficiary passes away with money remaining in their ABLE account, the state can lay claim to those assets in order to recoup any Medicaid benefits that were received.

Opening an ABLE Account

People with disabilities can open an ABLE account in any state, as long as that state’s plan is open for enrollment. The ABLE National Resource Center maintains a map with details for each state’s program, including whether out-of-state residents are accepted.

Once you find an eligible program, you can open an ABLE account online. There’s some basic information you’ll need to provide, including:

•   Your name

•   Date of birth

•   Social Security number

•   Bank account number

Parents can open an ABLE account on behalf of a minor child with disabilities. You also have to meet the definition of a designated beneficiary. In New York, for example, you must be able to show that one of the following is true:

•   You’ve been classified as blind as defined in the Social Security Act

•   You’re entitled to SSI or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) due to a disability

•   You have a disability that’s included on the Social Security Administration’s List of Compassionate Allowances Conditions

•   You have a written diagnosis from a licensed physician documenting a physical or mental impairment which severely limits function, and is expected to last at least one year, or can cause death

Similar to opening a bank account, there may also be a low minimum deposit requirement to open an ABLE account.

Requirements of an ABLE Account

There are certain requirements that must be met in order to open an ABLE account. Generally, you’re eligible for one of these accounts if you:

•   Become eligible for Supplemental Security Income based on disability or blindness that began before age 26; or

•   Are entitled to disability insurance benefits, childhood disability benefits, or disabled widow’s or widower’s benefits based on a disability or blindness that began before age 26; or

•   Certify that you have a medical impairment resulting in blindness or disability that began before age 26.

Again, age and disability status are the most important requirements for ABLE savings accounts. You can open an ABLE account in your home state or in another state, if that state’s program allows non-residents to enroll. It’s important to note, however, that you can only have one ABLE account in your name.

How Much Can You Contribute to an ABLE Account?

The annual contribution limit is typically pegged to the gift tax exclusion limit each year, which is $19,000 for 2025. But in 2026, the limit increases to $20,000. Eligible designated beneficiaries can, however, contribute additional money if they’re employed and do not participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan for the year.

The IRS limits those contributions to an amount up to the lesser of:

•   The designated beneficiary’s compensation for the year, OR

•   The poverty line amount for a one-person household as established by the Community Services Block Grant Act

For 2025, the allowable amount for persons with disabilities in the continental United States is up to $15,060. The limit for residents of Alaska $18,810 and Hawaii at $17,310. For 2026, the allowable amount for persons with disabilities in the continental United States is up to $15,650. The limit for residents of Alaska $19,950 and Hawaii at $17,990.

Funds from a 529 college savings account can be rolled into an ABLE account. Any rollovers count toward the annual contribution limit. So if $6,000 have been contributed to the plan for the year already, in theory you could rollover up to $13,000 into an ABLE account from a 529 savings account for 2025, and up to $14,000 in 2026.

How Can You Use ABLE Money?

As discussed earlier, money in an ABLE savings account can be used to pay for qualified disability expenses. That means expenses that are paid by or for the designated beneficiary and are related to their disability.

Examples of things you can use ABLE money for include such living expenses and other costs as:

•   Education

•   Housing expenses

•   Food

•   Transportation

•   Employment and career training and support

•   Assistance technology and related services

•   Health care

•   Prevention and wellness

•   Financial management and administrative services

•   Legal expenses

•   Funeral and burial expenses

•   Day-to-day living expenses

The IRS can perform audits to ensure that ABLE account funds are only being used for qualified disability expenses. So designated beneficiaries may want to keep a detailed record of withdrawal and how those funds are used, including copies of receipts.

ABLE Accounts vs Special Needs Trusts

A special needs trust (SNT) is another option for setting aside money for disability expenses. In a special needs trust, the beneficiary does not own any of the trust assets but the money in the trust can be used on their behalf. A trustee manages trust assets according to the direction of the trust grantor.

Here’s how ABLE accounts and special needs trusts compare at a glance. You may benefit from consulting a tax professional to understand when and how income from an SNT may be taxed.

ABLE Account

Special Needs Trust

Tax Treatment Growth is tax-deferred and qualified withdrawals are tax-free; there is no tax deduction for contributions. Income generated by the trust (i.e. withdrawals) is generally taxable to the beneficiary during their lifetime.
Control Designated beneficiaries can control how assets in their account are managed. The trustee manages the trust on behalf of the beneficiary, according to the wishes of the grantor.
Contribution Limits Contribution limits correspond to annual gift tax exclusion limits. No limit on contributions, though the gift tax may apply to contributions over the exclusion limit.
Medicaid/SSI Impact Up to the first $100,000 in assets is not counted for SSI purposes; balances are not counted for Medicaid eligibility. Assets are not counted toward Medicaid or SSI eligibility.
Use of Funds Funds can be withdrawn tax-free to pay for qualified disability expenses. Funds can be withdrawn for any purpose, though they’re typically used for disability expenses. The beneficiary may owe taxes.
Age Requirement Disability must have occured before age 26. Beneficiaries must be under age 65 when the trust is created.

Alternatives to ABLE Accounts

If you don’t qualify for an ABLE account or you’re looking for ways to save on behalf of a disabled child or dependent, there are other accounts you might consider. Here are some options to weigh when looking for alternatives to ABLE accounts.

Special Needs Trust

As mentioned, an SNT can also be used to pay for disability-related expenses. Establishing a trust can be a little more involved than opening an ABLE account, since you’ll need to create the trust on paper, name a trustee, and fund it with assets. But doing so could make sense if you care for a disabled child or dependent and you want to ensure that they’ll be taken care of should something happen to you.

529 College Savings Account

A 529 college savings account is designed to help parents and other individuals save money for education while enjoying some tax benefits. Contributions can be made on behalf of a beneficiary with disabilities. That money can grow tax-deferred, then be withdrawn tax-free to pay for qualified education expenses.

You might open a 529 college savings account for yourself or your child to help them pay for school without incurring student debt.

Bank Accounts

Opening one or more bank accounts is another way to set aside money to pay for disability expenses. Bank accounts won’t yield any tax breaks but they can allow for convenience and accessibility.

•   Opening deposits: Brick-and-mortar banks might require an opening deposit of anywhere from $5 to $100 while online banks might allow you to open a checking or savings account with as little as $1 or even $0, with funds to be deposited in the future.

•   You’ll need government-issued ID, like a driver’s license, to open an account.

•   So how long does it take to open a bank account? Not long, if you’re doing it online. Typically, when you have your basic forms of ID ready, the time it takes to open an online account is minimal.

•   When can you create a bank account online? The simple answer is when you’re old enough to do so. Keep in mind that the legal age to open a bank account in your name is typically 18 so if you’re underage, you may need your parents to open the account for you.

•   Online banks and traditional banks can offer a variety of account options. Student checking and savings accounts, for example, are designed for younger teens. Older teens who are headed off to university might be interested in opening a bank account for college students.

Banks can also offer certificate of deposit (CD) accounts and money market accounts.

If you’re wondering whether you can open a bank account with no ID, the answer is no. You’ll need some form of personal identification, such as a government-issued ID, in order to open a bank account online or at a brick-and-mortar bank.

The Takeaway

An ABLE account can make it easier for someone with disabilities to meet their needs while maintaining control over their finances. With an ABLE account, the money that’s contributed grows tax-free and can be withdrawn tax free to pay for qualified expenses relating to the care of a disabled person. Another benefit: Those qualified expenses aren’t limited to health care. The range of expenses include housing, food, transportation, employment — as well as health and wellness and preventive care.

In addition, you may want to consider other options, such as online bank accounts, for growing your savings.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What is considered an ABLE account?

An ABLE account is a tax-advantaged account that’s administered through a state program for the purposes of helping persons with disabilities to save and invest money. An ABLE account’s tax status sets it apart from bank accounts, college savings accounts, or Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). You can sign up with your state program.

Should you have both an ABLE account and a special needs trust?

It’s possible to have both if that’s desired. An ABLE account can be managed by its designated beneficiary, allowing them control over their finances. Special needs trusts are managed by a trustee on behalf of the beneficiary, meaning they cannot direct how the money is spent. Having both an ABLE account and a special needs trust can help to ensure that someone with disabilities is taken care of financially while allowing them a measure of independence.

Is a Roth IRA an ABLE account?

No. A Roth IRA is a tax-advantaged account that’s used for retirement savings. Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars and qualified distributions are tax-free. They’re not limited to persons with disabilities while an ABLE account is designed to be used specifically for qualified disability expenses.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



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SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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What Is an Itemized Deduction?

Guide to Itemized Deductions

Tax deductions enable taxpayers to reduce their total taxable income. That can be a very good thing: It can result in a lower tax bill or, if you had too much withheld through the year, a larger refund.

While most people now take the standard deduction — especially since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 effectively doubled the standard deduction amount — some taxpayers may benefit from itemizing their deductions.

Doing so can be a somewhat complicated and time-consuming process, but it may save you money. Here’s your guide to itemizing deductions; read on to learn:

•  What is an itemized deduction?

•  How do itemized deductions differ from standard deductions?

•  What are examples of itemized deductions?

•  What are the pros and cons of itemizing deductions?

What Is an Itemized Deduction?

Itemized deductions are a strategy to lower your adjusted gross income for a tax year. Rather than taking a set standard deduction whose amount is determined by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), some taxpayers choose to calculate all deductions for which they’re eligible. They can then decrease their taxable income by that amount.

It’s worthwhile for some taxpayers to do the math and see how much they can reduce their tax bill by itemizing. That said, many may realize they can actually reduce their taxable income more by taking the standard deduction. Why? The standard deduction is much larger than it used to be since the passing of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act at the end of 2017. And the “One Big Beautiful Bill” signed in 2025 also raises the standard deduction.

For the 2025 tax year (filing in 2026), the standard deduction is:

•  $15,750 for single tax filers ($16,100 for tax year 2026)

•  $23,625 for heads of household ($24,150 for tax year 2026)

•  $31,500 for married couples filing jointly ($32,200 for tax year 2026)

Almost everyone can take the standard deduction — and there’s a lot less math and paperwork involved. But for a unique set of taxpayers, itemized deductions could yield an even larger tax liability reduction than what the IRS offers through the standard deduction.

Itemized vs. Standard Deduction: What’s the Difference?

So what are the differences between itemized deductions and the standard deduction? Let’s take a look.

•  Dollar amount: The standard deduction is a set amount. If you choose the standard deduction, you cannot reduce your tax liability further by tacking on itemized deductions. When itemizing, the amount by which you reduce your tax burden varies depending on your unique tax situation. In nearly every case, it only makes sense to itemize if the resulting deduction is larger than the standard deduction or if you aren’t eligible to take the standard deduction.

•  Process: Claiming the standard deduction is straightforward. You don’t need to produce receipts and sort through expenses. If you itemize, you’ll need to educate yourself about all the deductions for which you qualify, produce the proof that you qualify in case of a tax audit, and fill out what is known as Schedule A on your tax return.

•  Eligibility: Anyone can itemize their deductions, but the standard deduction has a few exceptions. For example, if you’re married but filing separately and your spouse itemizes, you must itemize as well. While almost everyone is eligible to take the standard deduction, it never hurts to check with the IRS or your accountant to ensure eligibility.

Recommended: How to Pay Less Taxes: 9 Simple Steps

How Do Itemized Deductions Work?

Now that you know what itemized deductions vs. standard ones are, consider a more specific example of how they work.

Itemized deductions reduce your overall tax liability, just like the standard deduction. The catch? You can only take the itemized deductions for which you’re eligible. If you can cobble together enough itemized deductions to equal a larger tax-liability reduction than the standard amount, it could be worth itemizing.

As an example, let’s assume your gross income was $100,000.

•  The standard deduction for this income for tax year 2025 is $15,750 for single filers, so your taxable income would be $84,250.

•  Let’s suppose your itemized deductions are worth $20,000. It will lower your taxable income to $80,000.

Because your itemized deductions are greater than the standard deduction, it makes sense to itemize. Doing so will lower your taxable income and can thereby reduce the taxes you pay.

While it may take longer to calculate your deductions and prepare your tax return, it may make good financial sense to keep that extra cash in your pocket (or savings account, as the case may be).

Types of Itemized Deductions

The IRS offers an extensive list of potential itemized tax deductions, but you’ll probably only qualify for a handful. Here are a few of the most common:

•  Property tax deduction

•  Mortgage interest deduction

•  Charitable contribution deduction

•  Deduction of state and local sales taxes

•  Deduction of certain medical and dental expenses

While the IRS used to have a long list of miscellaneous deductions — from moving expenses to unreimbursed job expenses to tax preparation fees — many of these disappeared with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Independent contractors may want to consider itemizing; check out the tax deductions for freelancers to see which ones you may qualify for. As you itemize your business expenses, pay attention to the home office tax deduction, as well as how much you spend on office supplies, travel, and other business-related expenses. Make sure to keep good documentation of what you’ve paid.

💡 Quick Tip: Want a simple way to save more everyday? When you turn on Roundups, all of your debit card purchases are automatically rounded up to the next dollar and deposited into your online savings account.

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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

How to Claim an Itemized Deduction

To claim itemized tax deductions on your return, you’ll need to fill out IRS Schedule A with your Form 1040. Here’s what that process looks like:

1.   Research itemized deductions. It’s helpful to know which deductions you qualify for — and to gather up necessary documentation to enter in all the information beforehand. Preparing for tax season can make the process go much more smoothly!

2.   Fill out Schedule A. You’ll enter in all your expenses and add them up to get your total deduction.

3.   Compare it to the standard deduction. Before copying that total over to your Form 1040, it’s wise to reference the standard deduction for your filing status this year. Once you’re sure that the itemized deduction can yield larger savings, you can write down the number on Form 1040 and continue filing your taxes.

While the process sounds straightforward, it can be difficult to find out which deductions you’re eligible for and how to tabulate all your expenses. If you’re unsure, it may be a good idea to work with an accountant or at least professional tax preparation software.

Recommended: How to File Taxes for the First Time

Pros and Cons of Itemized Deductions

So what are the benefits and drawbacks of itemizing your deductions? Let’s take a look.

Pro: Itemizing could help lower your taxable income and save you more money than the standard deduction.
Con: Given changes to tax law a few years back, there’s a good chance you may save more with the standard deduction.
Pro: Because you’re writing off certain expenses and know which expenses are deductible, you may be more prudent with your spending habits throughout the year.
Con: Itemizing can involve a lot more paperwork and effort. It can be confusing, and you must make sure you’re only itemizing deductions for which you actually qualify to avoid trouble with the IRS.

The Takeaway

Most people will likely save more money on their taxes with the standard deduction, but depending on your scenario, you could see a greater reduction in your tax liability by itemizing. If you have the time, it may be worth it to go through the process of itemizing, just to see if you could save money. If you can, great! And if not, the standard deduction also offers great savings.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Can anyone itemize a deduction?

All taxpayers are permitted to itemize deductions, but the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has made it less attractive to itemize for many Americans. Why? The standard deduction essentially doubled in size, while fewer expenses became eligible for itemizing.

Still, it may be worth calculating your itemized deductions to see if you can save more than you would with the standard deduction.

What are some things that you cannot itemize?

Since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, there are fewer things that you can itemize on your tax return. Even some popular deductions that people used to take are no longer eligible, including moving expenses, tax preparation fees, and unreimbursed business expenses.

Many deductions have a lot of fine print — both for inclusion and exclusion — so it’s a good idea to work with an accountant or professional tax preparation software to determine what counts as an itemized deduction.

Do you need proof for itemized deductions?

Generally, you should have proof for expenses that you are claiming as an itemized deduction. Such documentation would prove that you paid the expenses and that they were eligible for the deduction. The IRS calls this the burden of proof.


Photo credit: iStock/Milan_Jovic
Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


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clear piggy bank

Flexible Spending Accounts: Rules, Regulations, and Uses

Flexible spending accounts, or FSAs, are special savings accounts offered through some employer benefit plans. They allow the account holder to pay for certain out-of-pocket medical and dependent care costs with tax-free money.

However, FSAs come with some rules and regulations. For instance, FSA rules cap the amount of money that can be placed in the account each year ($3,400 for 2026)[1], and also dictate which types of expenses qualify for an FSA distribution.

Still, FSAs can be a powerful tool for covering unavoidable medical costs that could otherwise wreak havoc on your finances.

Key Points

  • Flexible spending accounts (FSAs) are savings accounts that allow employees to set aside pre-tax money to pay for eligible health care expenses.
  • The contribution limit for FSAs is set at $3,400 for the 2026 plan year (up from $3,300 in 2025).
  • Unused funds in an FSA are typically forfeited, but grace periods or carry-over options may be available.
  • Distributions from FSAs require documentation proving the expenses are eligible.
  • The full amount you elect to contribute to your FSA for the year is accessible from the beginning of the plan year.

Flexible Spending Account Explained

FSAs are savings programs offered through employers — which means that self-employed people aren’t eligible. Those who are self-employed may be covered through an employed spouse’s plan, or they may choose to open a Health Savings Account (HSA), if they qualify.

FSAs are also sometimes called flexible spending arrangements, and they can cover you, your spouse, and your dependents. There are also a few sub-types of FSAs, such as dependent care FSAs (DCFSAs) and limited purpose FSAs (LPFSAs).

Recommended: Benefits of Health Savings Accounts

Flexible Spending Account Rules: An Overview

FSA contributions work similarly to employer-sponsored retirement plans like 401(k)s: a certain amount of pre-tax wages is withheld each pay period and contributed to the account.

The account holder elects how much to withhold at the beginning of the plan year — and, importantly, they may not be able to change it unless there’s a change in employment or family status. That means it’s important to think the decision through carefully.

But unlike a 401(k), the funds placed into an FSA aren’t tax-deferred — they’re actually tax-free. That means they aren’t included in the account holder’s total taxable income, nor are taxes due when distributions are made.

Recommended: Tax Credits vs. Tax Deductions: What’s the Difference?

How Much Can I Contribute to My FSA?

In 2026, account holders may contribute up to a maximum of $3,400 to their FSAs (up from $3,300 in 2025). If an account holders’ spouse is enrolled in an FSA plan, they can also contribute up to $3,400 in 2026, for a household maximum of $6,800. Employers may also place limits on the amount an employee can elect to be contributed, up to this federal cap.

Unused Funds: FSA Rollover and Reimbursement Rules

Another rule regarding FSAs is the fact that, generally speaking, unused FSA funds are forfeited.

In other words, FSAs are “use it or lose it” accounts; the money that isn’t used for qualified expenses by the end of the plan year typically can’t be rolled over into the next.

Thus, account holders may want to be cautious to avoid over-contributing to the plan and carefully estimate how much they think they’ll need to spend on out-of-pocket health expenses. Setting up a budget may help with this.

However, there are some exceptions to this rule. Depending on the employer’s policy choice, they may allow for a “grace period” or a carry-over option — one or the other, but not both, and they’re not legally required to offer either.

  • The grace period option allows account holders to use their FSA funds for an additional two and a half months after the plan year to pay for qualified medical expenses.
  • The carry-over option allows account holders to roll over a set amount of unused funds into the account for use in the next plan year. The max carry-over amount is $680 for 2026 ($660 for 2025),[1] though the employer may specify a lower dollar figure. Carry-over doesn’t affect the maximum allowable contribution for the next year’s plan.

Recommended: How to Negotiate Medical Bills

What Can a Flexible Spending Account Be Used For?

Given the contribution limits and forfeiture rules of flexible spending accounts, FSA account holders usually want to be careful about calculating how much money they might be able to use — otherwise, significant amounts of their paycheck might end up right back in their employers’ hands.

FSA funds can be used for a wide range of out-of-pocket health care expenses, such as deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. You can also use your FSA funds to pay for dental/orthodonture expenses, prescription eyeglasses/contacts, medications, psychological counseling, hearing aids, and many health-related over-the-counter items (including sunscreen).

It’s a good idea to check with your FSA provider to confirm which products and services are eligible to make sure you will be able to get reimbursed.

Keep in mind, too, that FSAs generally work in conjunction with other types of health benefits and coverage, and funds can’t be used to reimburse services that are covered under other health plans.

It might be a valuable exercise to write out all of the expected medical expenses you’ll face as a family at the beginning of the plan year in order to decide how much to contribute, including additional coverages, in order to avoid over-contribution. While nobody can predict the future, some routine expenses can be foreseen — and a little bit of planning might save a lot of forfeited funds in the end.

Recommended: 15 Creative Ways to Save Money

Taking Distributions from an FSA

The process for taking distributions from an FSA can vary based on the plan. In some cases, distributions are made from an FSA to reimburse the account holder for medical expenses they’ve incurred. Some FSAs also have a debit, credit, or stored value card that can be used to pay directly for qualifying expenses.

In order to take a distribution, the account holder may have to provide a written statement from the doctor or medical service provider that specifies the medical expense incurred, as well as a statement documenting that the expense hasn’t been covered by any other health plan. In other situations, a receipt may be sufficient documentation in order to be reimbursed.

FSA reimbursements are only available for verifiable medical expenses that have already been incurred, rather than expenses the account holder plans to incur in the future. (In other words, you can’t write to the FSA and tell them you’re going to the doctor next month.)

It’s also important to note that your FSA funds are available to you on the first day of your plan year, regardless of how much you’ve contributed.

Let’s say you elect to contribute $2,000 for the plan year, which runs January through December. Your employer will likely deduct that amount from your paychecks in equal increments over the course of the year. However, if you get hit with a $1,000 eligible medical expense on January 15th, you can still tap your FSA to cover it — you don’t have to wait until you’ve contributed $1,000.

Is a Flexible Spending Account Worth It?

A flexible spending account can be a helpful tool, but it’s not the only option for footing medical bills.

For one thing, $3,400 might not even scratch the surface of some common medical procedures, such as childbirth.

Furthermore, although the tax-free nature of FSAs is attractive, the prospect of forfeiting parts of a paycheck is definitely not — and there are other ways to save cash for medical expenses and other emergencies which offer not just flexibility, but growth.

If you want more flexibility, you might open a savings account offering a high yield and create an emergency fund to help pay medical expenses. Just keep in mind that you won’t get the tax benefits that come with an FSA. If you have a high-deductible health plan, you might choose to open an HSA. Funds in an HSA aren’t subject to use-it-or-lose-it rules and can be invested. Plus, the plan can go with you if you change employers.

The Takeaway

The tax benefits of the FSA can make them an appealing and useful tool, especially for those who know they’ll spend a decent amount out of pocket on health care.

But if you’re not sure how much you’ll be spending on health care, opening a high-yield savings account earmarked for health and medical expenses could be a smart move. This allows you to earn interest on your money, and you won’t have to forfeit any funds you don’t end up spending. Or, you might do both — contribute to an FSA while also setting money aside in a savings account you can tap if your expenses exceed your estimate or go beyond the cap for FSA savings.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

🛈 While SoFi does not offer Flexible Savings Accounts (FSAs), we do offer alternative savings vehicles such as high-yield savings accounts.
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  1. IRS. IRS.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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