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Q: Will missed payments on my cell phone bills hurt my credit score?

Missed cell phone payments won't hurt your credit score unless you miss several payments in a row, and the account falls into delinquency. Delinquency can linger on your credit report for up to seven years.

Jan

2025

Does a Phone Bill Build Credit? How Phone Bills Affect Credit

Paying your cell phone bill typically does not help you build credit. That being said, there are steps you can take to have your phone bills affect your credit. For instance, paying your monthly bill with a credit card and then making on-time payments on your balance can help you build your credit score from scratch. You also could enroll in a third-party service to have your phone payment activity reported to the credit bureaus.

Key Points

• Paying phone bills typically does not build credit, as payments are not reported to credit bureaus.

• Using a credit card for phone bills can indirectly boost credit scores through responsible payment.

• Third-party services can report phone bill payments to credit bureaus, aiding credit building.

• Missed phone bill payments can harm credit scores if the account becomes delinquent and is reported to collections.

• A good credit score can be crucial for securing loans and credit cards with better terms and rates.

How Cell Phone Bill Payments Work

If you have a cell phone, each month you will likely receive a bill — either in the mail or digitally — with an amount that you have to pay for using the cell phone carrier’s service. This amount will vary depending on the type of plan you have and how many lines you have under the account, among other potential charges like device protection or insurance. If you’ve financed the cost of your physical cell phone, that amount will also get added into your monthly cell phone bill.

Recommended: What Is a Charge Card?

Will Paying Your Phone Bill Build Credit?

Unlike payments on your credit card or loans like your auto loan or mortgage, cell phone payments usually don’t get reported to the credit bureaus. As such, cell phone payments typically don’t show up on your credit report and therefore don’t impact your credit score.

The only exception to this is if you finance a cell phone and the creditor reports your payments to the three major credit bureaus. In that scenario, those payments could help build your credit.

There are also a couple of ways that you can get your phone bills to help with building credit. These include:

• Reporting payments to the bureaus through a third party: Cell phone companies usually don’t report directly to the credit bureaus, nor can you self-report your cell phone bill payments to the bureaus. Instead, you can sign up for a third-party service that will report your payment activity to the bureaus on your behalf, so they appear on your credit report. You might owe a subscription fee for this service though.

• Paying your cell phone bill using your credit card: By paying bills with a credit card — in this case, your cell phone bill — and then making on-time payments on your credit card balance, you can help build your credit score. Beyond serving as a credit-building tactic, using one of the different types of credit cards to cover your phone bills can offer access to added perks like cell phone protection.

What Happens to Your Credit Score When You Miss Phone Bill Payments?

While your phone bill payments don’t directly impact your score, should your account become delinquent, then the delinquency does get reported to the credit bureaus. At this stage, your cell phone bill can negatively impact your score.

Your cell phone account could become delinquent if you miss one or more payments in a row, or if you end your contract with your carrier earlier and fail to pay off your balance. This information can remain on your credit report for up to seven years from the date the delinquency occurred.

What Happens to Your Credit Score When You Start a New Phone Plan?

When you apply for a new phone plan, the carrier will do a hard credit pull to help them determine how likely you are to stay on top of your cell phone payments. A hard pull can negatively impact your credit score, though its effects are usually minor and short-lived.

However, your subsequent payments on your new phone plan likely will not get reported to the credit bureaus, meaning your payment activity generally won’t affect your credit.

Does Buying a New Phone Affect My Credit Score?

Buying a new phone won’t impact your credit score. And should you get financing through your cell phone carrier and enter a payment plan, your payments usually don’t get reported to the credit bureaus.

One way that a new cell phone purchase can impact your credit score is if you pay for your new phone with a credit card. If you make on-time payments on your credit card balance, that could help you build your score. But on the flipside, making late payments or missing payments entirely could negatively affect your score.

Importance of Building Credit

Establishing credit and building a strong credit score can not only help you get approved for that car loan, mortgage, or credit card in the future, but it can help you land the most favorable rates and terms.

Without a good credit score, the cost of taking out a car loan or mortgage, or carrying a balance on a credit card, could be more expensive. Getting approved is also more challenging with a thin credit history or a credit score that’s not so great.

Other Ways to Build Credit

Besides reporting your cell phone bill through a third-party company or paying your cell phone bill with your credit card, here are some ways you can build your credit from scratch.

Open a Secured Credit Card

If you’re just starting out on your credit journey, consider applying for a secured card. A secured card works just like a credit card, but it requires a deposit. Your deposit serves as collateral.

Secured cards are designed for those who are building their credit and as such, generally have lower credit limits. The deposit you make is usually the same as your credit limit. For example, if you have a $250 credit limit, your deposit is also $250.

Once you demonstrate a history of on-time payments, you might graduate to a traditional credit card, which does not require a deposit as collateral and which generally offer higher credit limits. Plus, once you move up from having a fair credit score, you may have access to lucrative rewards and perks.

Get a Credit-Builder Loan

Banks, credit unions, and online financial platforms might offer credit-builder loans, which are small loans that are stowed in a savings account. Unlike with a typical loan, where you receive a lump sum upfront, you only get the loan amount once you’ve paid off the loan in full. The payments you make on a credit-builder loan are reported to the credit bureaus, which can help you build credit.

Become an Authorized User

Being added as an authorized user on someone else’s credit card means you can make purchases using their card but aren’t on the hook for payments. Instead, the authorized user, generally a family member or trusted friend, is responsible for making payments.

If the account holder maintains responsible credit card behavior, that can help you on your credit-building journey, as their activity appears on your credit report.

Use a Credit Card Responsibly

Using a credit card responsibly and making on-time payments each month can help you to build your credit score. Payment history makes up 35% of your FICO® Score, making timely payment the most influential factor among what affects your credit score. Additionally, keeping your credit card accounts open can help increase the average age of your credit accounts, another factor that influences your FICO Score.

The Takeaway

Paying your cell phone bill likely won’t help you build credit. However, there are steps you can take if you’d like your phone bills to affect your credit score. This includes using your credit card to cover your phone bill and then making on-time payments on your balance. You can also build credit with cell phone payments by getting them reported through a third-party company. No matter how you do it, building credit can be crucial, as it opens the door to future financial opportunities.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

How long does a cell phone bill stay on your credit card report?

Cell phone payments usually aren’t reported to the credit bureaus. In turn, they won’t show up on your credit card report. However, if you miss payments, the account can become delinquent. Delinquent accounts can stay on your credit report for up to seven years.

Will missed payments on my cell phone bills hurt my credit score?

Missed cell phone payments can hurt your credit score if the account falls into delinquency and gets turned over to collections. Delinquency can linger on your credit report for up to seven years.

Does upgrading my phone build my credit score?

Because your cell phone carrier generally doesn’t report to the credit bureaus, any changes to your cell phone plan, such as a phone upgrade, will not build your credit score.

Photo credit: iStock/Kanawa_Studio

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOCC-Q125-011

Jan

2025

What Is the Highest Credit Score?

Both FICO® and VantageScore®, two of the most commonly used credit scoring models, set the maximum credit score at 850. A higher credit score is considered better than a low credit score, indicating that you are more likely to handle your debt responsibly.

If you are interested in achieving an 850 credit score, read on to learn more about how you might do so, as well as tips on building a credit score in general.

Key Points

• The highest possible credit score is 850 according to FICO and VantageScore models.

• Paying bills on time is crucial for achieving a high credit score.

• Maintaining a low credit utilization rate helps build credit scores.

• Frequent credit applications can negatively impact credit scores.

• A score of 800 or above is generally sufficient for obtaining highly favorable loan terms.

How Do Credit Ratings Work?

The different companies that calculate credit scores have different credit rating scales. These scales generally divide credit scores into five different categories: poor, fair, good, very good, and excellent. Each of these ranges spans a number of different credit scores, and can be a good way to understand your credit at a glance.

Here’s how the FICO Score, one of the most popular credit-scoring model, groups its credit categories:

• 300-579: Poor

• 580-669: Fair

• 670-739: Good

• 740-799: Very good

• 800-850: Exceptional or excellent

What Factors Affect Credit Scores?

Different companies use different factors (and in different proportions) when calculating credit scores, which is why you have different credit scores. Generally, the following five factors affect credit scores:

• Payment history: This reflects whether you’re paying your bills on time.

• Credit utilization ratio: This reflects what percent of your credit limit you are using (30% or less is a good guideline).

• Length of credit history: This shows how long you have been managing credit (longer histories typically yield higher scores).

• Credit mix: Credit bureaus may positively impact your score if you successfully handle different types of credit, such as installment loans and lines of credit.

• Recent credit inquiries: Having too many credit inquiries in a short period of time can negatively affect your credit score.

How to Check Your Credit Score

While you can check your credit report for free from the major credit bureaus, your credit report usually won’t contain your actual credit score. Instead, there are a number of different ways to check your FICO Score or VantageScore or other types of credit score:

• Through your credit company or other financial institution, such as on a loan statement

• From one of the major credit bureaus or other providers

• On a free credit scoring website, such as AnnualCreditReport.com, or other credit score service

Why Should You Have a High Credit Score?

Having a high credit score can have a positive impact on your overall financial situation. In fact, a good credit score is one of the most important assets you have in life. If you have a bad credit score, you may not be able to get approved for credit cards or other loans. And even if you are approved, you may have to pay higher interest rates than borrowers with better credit scores.

Tips for Trying to Achieve a Perfect Credit Score

If you’re aiming to achieve the highest possible score of 850, know this: There are diminishing returns the higher your score is. In other words, while there may be a real financial impact to building your credit score from 650 to 700, you won’t see as much of an impact by building your score from 800 to 850. Even though it’s not the highest credit score possible, a credit score of 800 is likely high enough that you stand a good shot at qualifying for most loans at the lowest available interest rate.

That said, here are a few tips if you want to try to achieve a perfect credit score.

Never Miss Payments

One of the best things you can do to positively affect your credit score is to always pay your bills on time, each and every month. Having delinquent or past-due accounts can have a major negative impact on your credit score.

Keep Your Credit Utilization Rate Low

Your credit utilization ratio is defined as the percentage of your available credit that you are actively using. So if you have a single credit card with a $10,000 limit, and you’re carrying a balance of $1,000, your credit utilization ratio is 10%.

Your credit utilization ratio is one of the largest factors that makes up your credit score. Generally aim to keep it at 30% or lower.

Avoid Applying for Credit Too Often

Another factor that makes up your credit score is how often you apply for new credit. Because of this, you’ll want to be judicious when applying for a new credit card or any other form of loan. Too many applications within a short window of time can raise a red flag for lenders.

Keep Accounts Open and Active

The length of your credit history contributes to your credit score, with a longer history being better than a short one. For this reason, keeping accounts open, even if you don’t use them often, can help you maintain or build your score. What’s more, additional credit accounts being kept open can pump up your overall credit limit, which can lower your credit utilization.

Review Your Credit Reports

It’s also a good idea to regularly review your credit reports, especially if you have a starting credit score you’re trying to build. That way, you can make sure there isn’t any inaccurate or incorrect information on your report. If you do find missing or inaccurate information, contact the credit bureau to have it corrected.

Get a Secured Credit Card

If you don’t have the minimum credit score for a credit card, you might consider applying for a secured credit card. With a secured credit card, you put down a refundable security deposit upfront, which then serves as your credit limit.

As you use your secured card responsibly, building up to a fair credit score or even a good one, you might be able to later upgrade it to an unsecured credit card.

Become an Authorized User

Another way to work towards a perfect credit score, especially if you are starting out in your credit journey, is to become an authorized user on a credit account of a trusted friend or family member. As long as your friend or family member is responsible with their credit usage, it can help build your credit score as well.

Pay Your Bills Regularly

Again, one of the best things that you can do for your credit score is to pay your bills regularly. This means setting up a budget and making sure that your income exceeds your expenses, with a little left over each month to stash in savings. That way, you can always make sure to pay your bills while having an emergency fund to cover any unexpected financial situations.

The Takeaway

There are a few different companies that generate credit scores, and the methodology that each one uses varies slightly. In the most popular credit score models, the highest credit score possible is 850. While it’s generally advisable to work toward improving your credit score, it may not be worth it to overly focus on getting a perfect credit score.

Having a very good credit score or an excellent one that is less than 850 can still qualify you for the most favorable rates on credit products, such as credit cards with robust rewards.

FAQ

What effect does an 850 credit score have?

If you have an 850 credit score, you are much more likely to get approved for any new loans or credit cards that you apply for. You’ll also likely be eligible for the lowest possible interest rates. These are a few of the reasons it’s beneficial to have as high a credit score as possible.

Which credit scores are most widely used?

Two of the most popular companies and credit scores are VantageScore and your FICO Score. However, there are several companies that have their own methodologies and credit scores. This is why you have different credit scores.

Which credit score do banks use?

Different banks, lenders, and credit card companies may use different credit scores. FICO Score is one of the most popular, but if you’re not sure which credit score your bank uses, you might be able to ask their customer service department or look for an answer online.

Photo credit: iStock/anyaberkut

SOCC-Q125-022

Jan

2025

Guide to Building Credit With Prepaid Credit Cards

By Dan Miller | Credit, credit card | Comments Off

If you don’t have, don’t want, or can’t qualify for a credit card, you may consider a prepaid credit card as an alternative. With a prepaid card, a certain amount of money is loaded onto the card at the time of purchase. You draw upon these funds until the money is used up. Unlike traditional credit cards, prepaid credit cards do not report transaction or payment information to the major credit bureaus. That means that prepaid credit cards will not help build credit directly.

Key Points

• Prepaid credit cards do not help build credit scores as they do not report to credit bureaus.

• With a prepaid credit card, funds are loaded onto the card; when that money is spent, the card is no longer usable.

• Prepaid cards can assist in controlling spending and avoiding debt.

• Being an authorized user on a credit card can positively impact credit scores, as can timely payments on loans and lines of credit.

• A cosigner can help in getting approved for loans or credit cards and aid in building credit history.

Do Prepaid Cards Build Credit?

Having or using a prepaid credit card will not have any impact on your credit score. That’s because one of the major differences between a prepaid credit card and a traditional credit card is that prepaid credit cards do not report transactional or payment information to the major credit bureaus. As such, that activity cannot have an effect on your credit score.

Understanding Prepaid Credit Cards and How They Work

When you use a traditional credit card, you are borrowing money from the credit card issuer. Then, each month when the statement comes due, you make a payment toward the loan the credit card company has issued you. This payment history is reported to the major credit bureaus. Other potential lenders will review how much credit you have open and how reliably you make payments on your debt obligations to help them decide if they want to issue you additional credit.

On the other hand, a prepaid credit card does not offer access to revolving credit. With a prepaid credit card, you will first purchase the card, and the purchase amount will be loaded onto the card. Then, you can use the card at participating retailers. Each purchase that you make will get subtracted from the total value that is stored on the card. Once the total value hits $0, the card will no longer be usable unless it can be reloaded with more money.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due?

Who Might a Prepaid Credit Card Be Suitable For?

There are certain groups of people for whom a prepaid credit card might be an ideal solution. This includes those with poor credit and those who desire the flexibility that a credit card can offer.

People With a Poor Credit Score

One group of people who might get value from a prepaid credit card are those that have a poor credit score or limited credit history. If you’re not able to qualify for a traditional credit card, or are concerned with how much a credit card costs, you might want to use a prepaid credit card for transactions where using a card is required or preferable.

People Who Want the Flexibility of a Credit Card

If you don’t have a credit card or prefer to use cash for most of your transactions, there still may be some circumstances where you might appreciate the flexibility of using a credit card. If that description fits you, you should explore the benefits and risks of prepaid credit cards, and decide if one might be right for you.

How Can a Prepaid Card Build Your Credit Rating?

Since prepaid credit cards do not report payment or transactional usage to the major credit bureaus, they won’t build your credit score directly. However, getting in the habit of using a credit card responsibly can help prepare you for when you do have a traditional credit card. Starting those habits can keep you from making some of the common credit mistakes that can harm your credit score.

When Should You Use a Prepaid Credit Card?

A prepaid credit card can be a good option for people that need or want to use a credit card but don’t have a traditional credit card. This could include when making purchases online or when making a purchase where you want to make sure there is an electronic record of the transaction.

If you are trying to get a credit card cash advance, however, you may want to consider another option. Most prepaid credit cards will not allow you to get cash back.

Secured Cards vs Prepaid Cards

There are several different types of credit cards, one of which is a secured credit card. A secured credit card is similar to a prepaid credit card in that you have to make a deposit or purchase upfront to load value onto your card.

However, a secured credit card allows you to regularly reload value onto your card. A secured credit card also reports usage information to the major credit bureaus, which can make it one way to help with establishing credit.

Alternative Ways to Help You Build Credit

Besides secured credit cards, there are a few other ways to help you build your credit. Some options include:

• Becoming an authorized user: One path is being an authorized user on the credit card account of a trusted friend or family member, whose responsible use of credit could positively impact your score.

• Making on-time payments on other debt obligations: Another possible way to help build your credit is reliably making payments on other types of debts, like student loans, car loans, or personal loans.

• Getting a cosigner: If you’re hoping to get a loan or unsecured credit card to begin building your credit, one way to increase your odds of approval is by getting a cosigner. Just know that this means that person will also be on the hook for your debt if you fail to repay it, so make sure to abide by credit card rules to avoid that situation.

The Takeaway

Prepaid credit cards can be a great way to make a purchase when using cash is not an option or is less advantageous. However, it’s important to understand that prepaid credit cards do not send information about your transaction or payment history to the major credit bureaus. That means that having or using a prepaid credit card will not have any impact on your credit score. If you want a credit card that reports transactions to the major credit bureau, you’ll need to have a more traditional type of credit card.

While SoFi does not offer prepaid credit cards, we do offer traditional credit cards.

FAQ

What challenges are involved in having prepaid credit cards?

One challenge is that any transactions or payment history associated with a prepaid credit card are not reported to the major credit bureaus. That means that using a prepaid credit card will not help you build your credit. There also may be some types of credit transactions where the merchant will not accept a prepaid credit card.

Can prepaid cards be run as credit?

In some ways, prepaid cards work just like traditional credit cards. This means that typically, a prepaid card can be run as credit when making a purchase. Additionally, depending on the merchant and the type of prepaid card you have, you may be able to set up a PIN and use your prepaid credit card as a debit card. But prepaid cards do not report activity to the credit bureaus, so responsible use won’t build your credit.

Do prepaid cards damage credit?

Prepaid credit cards do not report any type of purchase or payment history to the major credit bureaus. So while this means prepaid credit cards can’t help build credit, they also will not damage it.

Do prepaid cards report to credit bureaus?

No, prepaid cards do not report to the major credit bureaus. Any purchases that you make on a prepaid credit card will not have any impact on your credit score, either positive or negative. So if you are working on establishing credit, you will need to use a traditional credit card or another type of financial instrument that reports usage to the major credit bureaus.

Photo credit: iStock/Visiondreams

SOCC-Q125-012

Jan

2025

What Does At the Money Mean in Options Trading?

By Dan Miller | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

An at-the-money (ATM) option is one where the strike price is at or very near the current price of the underlying stock itself. At-the-money options have no intrinsic value, but they may have value due to their potential to go in the money before they expire.

Options traders must understand the difference between the three types of options’ “moneyness:” at the money, in the money, and out of the money.

Key Points

• An at-the-money (ATM) option has a strike price at or near the current price of the underlying stock, with no intrinsic value.

• ATM options typically have a delta of around 0.50, meaning their price moves about 50 cents for every dollar movement in the stock.

• ATM options can be less expensive than in-the-money (ITM) options but more costly than out-of-the-money (OTM) options.

• The volatility smile indicates that implied volatility is generally lower for ATM options compared to ITM or OTM options.

• Understanding ATM, ITM, and OTM options is crucial for effective options trading strategies.

What Is At the Money?

Conventionally, being at the money means that a given option’s strike price is identical to the price of the underlying stock itself. Both a call option and a put option can be at the money at the same time if their strike price is the same as the price of the stock.

In the age of decimal stock pricing, however, it is rare for an option’s strike price to exactly equal the price of the underlying stock. The at-the-money strike is usually considered the one closest to the stock’s price.

Understanding At the Money

Usually, an option that is at the money will have a delta of around 0.50 for a call option and -0.50 for a put option. This means that for every $1 of movement of the underlying stock, the option will move about 50 cents.

Some options traders employ more complicated strategies, such as an at-the-money-straddle. This involves buying or selling both an at-the-money call and an at-the-money put on the same underlying asset with the same strike price and expiration date. This strategy offers the potential to profit from large price swings in either direction. It also carries the risk of loss if the underlying price stays near the strike, as both options may expire worthless, costing the investor the net premium paid.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

At the Money vs In the Money vs Out of the Money

Usually there is one option strike price considered at the money, with any other strike prices being either in the money (ITM) or out of the money (OTM). The difference between ITM and OTM is that an in-the-money option is one that has intrinsic value, meaning it would be profitable to exercise it today.

A call option is in the money when the stock price is above the strike price, while a put options is in the money when the stock price is below the strike price.

Out-of-the money options have no intrinsic value and will generally expire worthless if they remain out of the money at expiration.

Consider the following call or put options for stock ABC with a current price of $55.

Option	Strike price	ATM / ITM / OTM
ABC Call option	$55	At the money
ABC Put option	$55	At the money
ABC Call option	$70	Out of the money
ABC Put option	$70	In the money
ABC Call option	$40	In the money
ABC Put option	$40	Out of the money

Recommended: Call vs. Put Options: The Differences

At the Money and Near the Money

An option is considered near the money usually if it is within 50 cents of the price of the underlying stock. However, it is common for investors to use the terms “near the money” and “at the money” interchangeably.

This is because stocks are priced to the nearest cent, while option strike prices are usually only to the nearest dollar or half-dollar, depending on the magnitude of the underlying stock price. It is rare for a stock to have an option that exactly matches any specific strike price.

Pricing At-the-Money Options

Because an at-the-money option has a strike price at or near the price of the underlying stock, it has no intrinsic value. Any value in an ATM option primarily consists of extrinsic value, meaning the portion of an option’s value determined by its potential to increase in value before it expires, measured by factors such as its time to expiration and implied volatility.

Options have the potential to provide greater returns, relative to the cost, than directly purchasing stock if the underlying asset moves favorably, but options investors also face the risk of losing their entire investment if the market moves unfavorably.

At the Money and Volatility Smile

A “volatility smile” is a graph that shows implied volatility across different strike prices, typically forming a curve that resembles a smile. This pattern generally shows that implied volatility is often lower for at-the-money options compared to those that are in-the-money or out-of-the-money. That said, it’s important to know that not all options fit into the volatility smile model.

Pros and Cons of Trading At-the-Money Options

Here are some pros and cons of trading at-the-money options:

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Pros:

• Generally less expensive than in-the-money options, which have intrinsic value.

• Can offer a hedge against downside risk on stocks you already own.

• May offer a range of trading strategies, given their position between in-the-money and out-of-the-money options, which can affect risk and potential reward.

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Cons:

• Higher premiums compared to out-of-the money options.

• ATM options have lower intrinsic value at purchase, and may expire worthless if the stock price doesn’t move.

• If the stock moves against your expectations, you could potentially lose your entire investment.

The Takeaway

Understanding the difference between options that are at the money, in the money and out of the money is crucial if you want to trade options through your brokerage account. Prices with these three different types of options contracts react differently to movements in the price of the underlying stock, so make sure you buy the right one based on your overall strategy.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

FAQ

What does buying at the money mean?

When you buy an at-the-money option, you are buying an option whose strike price is at or near the price of the underlying stock. An option that is at the money generally has a delta value of around positive or negative 0.50, depending on if it is a call or a put. That means its price will move about 50 cents for every dollar that the price of the underlying stock moves.

How do at the money and in the money differ?

An at-the-money option is one whose strike price is at or near the price of the underlying stock. An in-the-money option is one with a strike price that would be exercised if the option closed today. An at-the-money call option is one whose strike price is at or lower than the stock price, while an at-the-money put option is one whose strike price is at or higher than the stock price.

Is it best to buy at the money?

There are several different strategies for trading options, and the strategy you trade will help decide whether it’s a good idea to buy at the money. It can certainly be profitable to buy or sell at-the-money options, but other strategies for making money with options exist as well.

Photo credit: iStock/DMEPhotography

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

SOIN-Q324-070

Jan

2025

What Is Time in Force? Definition and Examples

By Dan Miller | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off

Time in force (TIF) is a stock investing term referring to the length for which a trading order is good. Although casual or buy-and-hold investors may not use time-in-force stock limits, they’re an important tool for active traders.

Understanding different time-in-force options may help you close out positions more efficiently.

Key Points

• “Time in force” is a stock investing term that defines how long a trading order remains active before expiring.

• Different types of TIF orders include day order, on-open order (OOO), market on close order (MOC), and good ’til canceled order (GTC).

• Understanding these orders helps active traders manage trade executions and avoid unintended trades.

• Casual or long-term investors typically do not use TIF orders.

What Does Time in Force Mean?

Time in force is a directive, set by a trader, that defines how long a trade will remain open (or “in force”) before expiring. Options traders and other active traders can set an appropriate end date for their trades to help prevent unintended executions.

Without an end date, an order could be filled at an unfavorable time or price, particularly in markets that move fast. This is especially true for investors employing day-trading strategies and taking advantage of volatile market conditions with rapidly changing prices.

Basics of Time in Force

Before you place a time-in-force stock order, you’ll want to make sure that you understand exactly how they work. As with options trading terminology, it’s important to understand the language used to describe time-in-force orders.

Recommended: A Guide to Trading Options

Types of Time in Force Orders

Time in force is not a specific kind of stock market order. Instead, the phrase refers to the collection of order types that set how long a trade order is valid — or “in force” — in order to pursue potential investment opportunities. If you are considering a buy-to-open (purchasing a new position) or buy-to-close order (closing an existing position), you can also specify the time in force for either of them.

There are several kinds of time-in-force orders, although not every broker or dealer supports them.

1. Day Order

Of the different time-in-force orders used in options trading and other types of trading, day orders are the most common. With a day order, your trade remains open until the end of the trading day. This may happen if the order’s pricing conditions were not met (such as the price on a limit order). If your order has not been executed at the close of the day’s markets, it will expire.

With many brokers, including online brokerage firms, day orders represent the default option. Thus, this is the time in force order with which most people are likely familiar.

2. On-Open Order

Depending on the types of order that your broker or dealer offers, there can be two different types of options for trades executed at market open: MOO and LOO.

A MOO is an order filled when the market opens, at the prevailing opening price. With a LOO order, you can set a limit price for the highest price you’ll pay or the lowest price at which you’ll sell. If the market opens within the constraints of your limit order, it will be executed. Otherwise, your broker will cancel the LOO order.

3. Market on Close Order

A market-on-close (MOC) order requests the sale or purchase of a security at the final closing price of the trading day. These orders may help you avoid intraday trading volatility or simplify trade execution without having to closely monitor the market for fluctuations.

If your brokerage offers MOCs, they may have a cutoff time by which you need to enter in any MOC orders.

Recommended: Buy to Open vs. Buy to Close

4. What Is Good ‘Til Canceled (GTC)?

As its name suggests, a good-til-canceled (GTC) order is a type of time-in-force order that remains in force until you proactively cancel the order or it is filled. Depending on the type of trading or options trading strategy you’re employing, a GTC order may be worth considering if you’re waiting for the underlying stock price to move. Many brokerages will restrict the number of days a GTC order can remain open, often to 90 days.

The maximum potential gain for these orders is the difference between the limit price and the original purchase price, so long as the stock moves in your favor and the trade executes. If the stock fails to reach your target and continues to decline, you may face missed opportunities for smaller gains or risk holding a depreciating asset, leading to unrealized losses.

5. What Is Fill or Kill (FOK)?

FOK orders ensure that trades are executed in full and immediately. If that cannot happen, the order is canceled completely. This helps traders avoid partial fills, which may result in executing orders at differing prices, or with additional transaction fees.

Examples of Time in Force

You currently own shares of a stock that announced earnings last night, and you’re considering liquidating (or selling) your position. You’re not sure how the market will react to the earnings news, so you place a LOO order for more than you paid per share. If the stock opens at this number or higher, your trade will execute. If not, your broker will cancel it.

If the stock’s shares have been rising all day, but you anticipate that it may open at a lower price, you might use a MOC order to try to sell at the end-of-day price.

The maximum potential gain from a market-on-close order depends on how much the stock’s closing price exceeds your original purchase price. For instance, if you bought shares of a stock that closes at an increase in price, your maximum potential gain would be the difference in the price per share (before fees and taxes).

The maximum potential loss can occur if the market moves against your position. In the case of a long position, your loss would be the difference between the original price paid and the lower closing price if the price drops below your purchase price. For a short position, your loss would be the difference between the sale price and the higher closing price, if the closing price rises above the price at which you sold. This loss could be unlimited.

If you prefer to sell the stock when it hits a specific price in the future, you might choose to set a good-til-canceled order as part of your strategy. With a GTC order, you can specify a limit price, ensuring that your trade will only execute if the stock reaches or exceeds that price. Although GTC orders remain active until they are executed or canceled, most brokers set a maximum duration (around 90 days) before an order will expire if it isn’t filled.

This strategy may help investors take advantage of favorable price movements while maintaining flexibility. However, it also carries the risk of missing your target price due to market volatility or unexpected conditions.

Time in Force Day Order vs On-Close Order

Day orders and an on-close order are similar, but they have some important differences. A day order is one that is good for the entire trading day, up to and including close. If you’re placing an order in the middle of the trading day and do not need it to execute at a specific time, this is the type of order you’d use.

Alternatively, an on-close order (either market on close or limit on close) is only good at the close of the trading day. The intent of an on-close order is to execute at the final trading price of the day. If you place an on-close order in the middle of the trading day, it will not execute until the end of the trading day, regardless of its intraday price.

Using Time in Force Orders

How you use the different time-in-force orders will depend on how you buy and sell stocks or execute your options trading strategy. Most buy-and-hold investors won’t use time-in-force orders at all, but if you’re using a more complex strategy, such as buying to cover, you may want to have more control over how and at what price your order is executed.

The Takeaway

Time-in-force orders can be a part of day traders’ execution of specific strategies. It determines how long a trade will remain open before being canceled. It is uncommon for long-term investors to use time-in-force orders.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

FAQ

What happens if my order isn’t executed before it expires?

If your order expires without being executed, it means that the price conditions you set were not met during your chosen specified time period. You will need to place a new order if you still want to trade.

How do I decide which Time-in-Force option to use?

Your choice depends on your trading strategy. For instance:

• Day orders are for keeping your trade active during the current trading day.

• GTC orders allow you to execute trades that happen at a specific price level, and orders can stay open for days or weeks.

• MOC orders are designed for executing trades at the end-of-day closing price.

Are Time-in-Force orders only for active traders?

Active traders frequently use time-in-force orders to manage trades in dynamic markets. While less frequent, these orders can also play a role in long-term investors’ strategies, particularly if they want more control over trade execution timing and price conditions.

Can I change the Time-in-Force setting after placing an order?

No. Once you’ve submitted an order, the time-in-force setting cannot be modified. If you want to adjust the duration, you’ll need to cancel the original order and create a new one with the updated time-in-force option.

Photo credit: iStock/Tatomm

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Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN-Q324-071