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A $450K mortgage payment is between $3,000 and $4,000 per month in the current interest-rate environment, depending on your loan type and term. This amount, however, does not include other variables that affect your payment, such as property taxes and insurance. Here’s the lowdown on what you can expect.

Cost of a $450,000 Mortgage

A $450K mortgage payment is primarily influenced by your loan term and interest rate. A 30-year loan at 7% interest would result in a monthly cost of $2,993 (not including taxes and insurance). But a 15-year loan at the same interest rate would have monthly payments of $4,044.


💡 Quick Tip: SoFi’s Lock and Look ⁺ feature allows you to lock in a low mortgage financing rate for 90 days while you search for the perfect place to call home.

Monthly Payments for a $450,000 Mortgage

The amount you pay each month for a $450,000 mortgage payment is going to be somewhere between $2,993 and $4,044. However, keep in mind that there are a few variables that affect your monthly payment. These include:

•   Interest rate

•   Fixed or variable interest rate

•   Length of repayment period (15, 20, or 30 years)

•   Mortgage insurance

•   Property taxes

•   Property insurance

Another thing to consider are homeowners association (HOA) fees. Although they are paid directly to the HOA association and shouldn’t affect your monthly mortgage payment, these fees are an additional living expense.

If you’re a first-time homebuyer, it’s important to understand the true cost of owning a home because your monthly payment is more complicated than simply the amount you borrow. Housing costs and property taxes, for example, vary based on location. If you’re open to where you live, you may want to compare the cost of living by state. The best affordable places to live in the U.S. may pique your interest!

Where to Get a $450,000 Mortgage

Banks, credit unions, and online lenders can all provide you with a $450,000 mortgage. Make sure you shop around and compare lenders to get the lowest interest rate. As you apply, you’ll receive loan estimates that show the cost of a loan. While the annual percentage rate (APR) is certainly important, also compare expenses such as the loan origination fee and mortgage insurance.

What to Consider Before Applying for a $450,000 Mortgage

Before applying for a $450,000 mortgage, consider the cost difference between a shorter loan repayment period and a longer loan repayment period. For a 30-year mortgage with a 7% interest rate, the total interest paid during the life of the loan would be $627,791.

For a 15-year mortgage with the same interest rate, you would have a higher monthly payment, but the total amount you would pay in interest would be more than halved: just $278,050. For an extra $1,050 each month, a 15-year loan would save $349,739 in interest compared to a 30-year loan.

If you can’t afford a 15-year mortgage now, just remember that you can always do a mortgage refinance in the future.

$450,000 mortgage with a term of 30 years and a 7% interest rate:

$450,000 mortgage with a term of 15 years and 7% interest rate:

It’s important to understand how costs vary between the different types of mortgage loans. A mortgage calculator can help you get a quick idea of what to expect before you commit to a home mortgage loan.

How to Get a $450,000 Mortgage

To get a $450,000 mortgage, you need a strong credit score, a steady source of income, and a low debt-to-income ratio. Other tips to qualify for a mortgage include things like saving up for a higher down payment and submitting all of the appropriate paperwork to your lender in a timely manner. If you’re just starting out on your home buying journey, a home loan help center may be a good resource.


💡 Quick Tip: Generally, the lower your debt-to-income ratio, the better loan terms you’ll be offered. One way to improve your ratio is to increase your income (hello, side hustle!). Another way is to consolidate your debt and lower your monthly debt payments.

The Takeaway

Payment on a $450,000 mortgage is influenced by a few different variables, such as your loan term and interest rate. Other factors that come into play include mortgage insurance, property taxes, and property insurance. A higher down payment and a stronger credit score may help lower your monthly payment.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

How much is $450K mortgage a month?

A $450,000 mortgage should cost you around $3,000 to $4,000. Just remember to also include property taxes and insurance in your calculations.

How much income is required for $450,000 mortgage?

You probably need to earn around $140,000 a year to afford a $450,000 mortgage. A general guideline is that all of your housing costs should be at or below 30% of your gross income. Assuming you opt for a 30-year loan, your mortgage payment, property tax, and insurance cost would total around $3,200 per month. Factor in a budget for utilities and repairs and your total annual cost would be $42,000 — that’s 30% of $140,000.

How much is a down payment on a $450,000 mortgage?

A conventional loan requires a down payment of at least 3%. Therefore, your down payment should be, at minimum, $13,500. A down payment of 20% ($113,000 on a property costing $563,000) would allow you to skip paying the additional cost of mortgage insurance.

Can I afford a $450K house with a $70K salary?

It’s not likely. Assuming you choose a 30-year loan, your monthly payment would be around $3,000, which would be more than 50% of your gross income — well over the 30% that is considered the maximum amount you should spend on housing. The only way to make it work would be to have a large down payment (more than $150,000) to lower the amount you would have to borrow and thus your monthly payments.

Photo credit: iStock/AntonioGuillem

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SOHL0124069

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mean annual wage for a dermatologist as of 2022 is $327,650. This career can be a challenging and rewarding profession, both financially and emotionally. Dermatologists can help their patients look and feel their best. In some cases, they can even save their lives.

Read on to better understand what it’s like to work as a dermatologist, how much they earn, and the benefits and downsides of choosing this line of work.

What Are Dermatologists

Dermatologists are a type of doctors who specialize in the field of dermatology. They manage diagnoses and treatments relating to skin, hair, and nail health. They help patients with issues ranging from eczema and skin infections to acne and skin cancer.

Some dermatologists perform cosmetic procedures like laser treatments, injections, and chemical peels. An important role that dermatologists also take on is educating patients on sun protection to help them avoid running into skin damage and skin cancer.

As you might imagine, considerable training is involved to become a dermatologist. Typically, it can take 12 years of training and education. To complete this, some aspiring dermatologists will take out student loans. The amount of average student loan debt can be similar to the amount any other medical doctor takes on, meaning in the range of $200,000.


💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

How Much Do Starting Dermatologists Make a Year?

It’s important to note that dermatologists will likely see their salaries rise over time. While their entry-level salary may be lower than the average figure, it should rise over time.

That being said, the lowest 10% of earners in this role make an estimated annual wage of $102,010. So even the lowest income is likely around or over the $100,000 a year salary level.

What is the Average Salary for a Dermatologist?

As briefly noted earlier, the average salary or hourly wage for a dermatologist can be affected by where they work.

This applies to the type of medical practice or healthcare setting they work in. Consider the annual mean wage by workplace, all of which can be relatively high-paying jobs:

•   Offices of physicians: $338,810

•   Offices of other health practitioners: $200,900

•   Personal care services: $126,640

Next, take a closer look at how dermatologist salaries vary by the state they work in, arranged from highest annual pay to lowest.

💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Dermatologist Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits

Alongside receiving competitive pay, many dermatologists work full-time and therefore qualify for employer benefits.

•   If they run their own medical practice, they would need to purchase these benefits for themselves and their employees.

•   If they work for a practice they don’t own, a medical group, or in a hospital setting, they should qualify for valuable employee benefits like paid time off, retirement accounts, and healthcare.

Pros and Cons of Dermatologist Salary

The main advantage of a dermatologist salary is that it is usually quite high. The tradeoff for that high salary may be a lot of student loan debt, as noted above.

To work as a dermatologist in the United States, you need to attend and finance medical school after receiving an undergraduate degree, which can be quite time-consuming and costly.

The Takeaway

Working as a dermatologist makes it possible to help people dealing with skin care and concerns, while earning a good salary. Dermatologists earn a median annual wage of $327,650, which is a salary many people would be happy with. However, obtaining the necessary training can be quite expensive, so dermatologists may start their careers with considerable student loan debt to pay off.

FAQ

Can you make 100k a year as a dermatologist?

It’s very possible to earn $100,000 a year as a dermatologist. Even the 10% of lowest wage earners in this role earn an estimated annual salary of $102,010.

Do people like being a dermatologist?

Many people enjoy working as a dermatologist as this role can be fulfilling. Not only is the work interesting (diagnosing and resolving health concerns), but it involves helping people live healthier and happier lives.

Is it hard to get hired as a dermatologist?

It may not be challenging to find a job as a dermatologist once the applicant has the proper qualifications as the field is growing at a rate that is at least on par with other professions, if not higher.

Photo credit: iStock/stefanamer

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

SORL0124022

The median pay for surgical techs is $56,350 annually, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Working as a surgical tech can be a great way to build a fulfilling career in the medical field. Read on to learn more about a surgical tech’s role and salary, as well as the pros and cons of this job.

What Are Surgical Techs

The role of a surgical tech can vary greatly but generally involves assisting surgeons with tasks, such as closing surgical sites and making incisions. Other common duties include:

•   Readying supplies for surgery

•   Sterilizing equipment

•   Getting the operating room surgery-ready

•   Physically preparing patients for surgery

•   Assisting surgeons during surgery

•   Maintaining sterile environment

•   Keeping track of supplies during and after surgery.

While some of these tasks are solitary, many involve interacting with patients and other members of the medical team. Given this degree of interaction, this can be a very rewarding career choice, although it may not be a good job for antisocial people.

Surgical techs often complete training at a community college or vocational school, typically requiring nine to 24 months of study. For this reason, being a surgical tech can be a good career without a college degree.


💡 Quick Tip: We love a good spreadsheet, but not everyone feels the same. An online budget planner can give you the same insight into your budgeting and spending at a glance, without the extra effort.

How Much Do Starting Surgical Techs Make a Year?

Here’s information about what a surgical tech can make as an entry-level salary and later on in their career. The lowest 10% of surgical tech earners make less than $35,130 as of 2022.

However, there is a lot of room to move up in this field. The top 10% of earners make on average $95,060, meaning they are very close to making a $100,000 salary per year.

If someone is looking to optimize their earning potential, they should look for a surgical tech role in a high-paying setting. The type of medical office a surgical tech works in can affect how much they earn:

•   Offices of physicians: $62,400

•   Outpatient care centers: $59,740

•   General medical and surgical hospitals; state, local, and private: $58,460

•   Offices of dentists: $48,810.

Recommended: The 50 Highest Paying Jobs in the US

What is the Average Salary for a Surgical Tech?

Those considering training to be a surgical tech may wonder about pay grades. The truth is, that answer depends a lot on the state they end up working in. The median hourly pay rate for this role is $27.09, but as the table illustrates below, can vary greatly by state.

The figures here for average salary and wages are arranged from highest to lowest paying.

💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Surgical Tech Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits

It’s very common for surgical techs to hold full-time positions and as such, they tend to qualify for traditional employee benefits like paid time off, retirement accounts, and healthcare. This can be a very demanding role that may require being on call during weekends, holidays, and nights. Shifts can also be very lengthy and last longer than a typical eight-hour workday.

Pros and Cons of Surgical Tech Salary

Still not sure if working as a surgical tech is the right fit? Here are some pros and cons associated with this role’s salary and job requirements.

Recommended: High-paying Trade and Vocational Jobs in 2024

The Takeaway

With a solid median annual salary of $56,350 and the top 10% of income earners in the surgical tech field making more than $95,060, there is a lot of earning potential in this role. The job can be demanding and being on call is often part of the job description, but the high pay can be worth the sacrifices.

FAQ

Can you make 100k a year as a surgical tech?

It may be possible to make $100,000 a year as a surgical tech for those with a lot of experience or who work in high-cost-of-living areas where standard pay is higher. The top 10% of surgical tech earners make more than $95,060 annually, so the potential to earn six figures is within reach.

Do people like being a surgical tech?

Many people enjoy working as a surgical tech, especially if they have an interest in the medical field and helping people. However, those who are introverts or who consider themselves antisocial may not enjoy this job.

Is it hard to get hired as a surgical tech?

While you have to meet very specific qualifications to work as a surgical tech, if you do, you can likely find job openings in this field. Between 2022 and 2023, surgical tech employment is projected to grow by 5%. This growth rate is faster than average compared to other occupations.

Photo credit: iStock/SDI Productions

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

SORL0124021

News anchors make an average salary of around $48,000 a year, according to ZipRecruiter.

But keep in mind there are many factors taken into account when determining pay, including experience, market size, location, and the size of the employer. For example, news anchors working in locations with larger audience sizes and for bigger networks or cable news will generally make higher salaries.

Let’s take a closer look.

What Are News Anchors?

News anchors are journalists who are responsible for delivering the news to their audience. These professionals can work for a television, radio, cable, or media outlet. Some work in local markets, while others broadcast in national markets or on cable news.

News anchors spend some days in the newsroom and others covering a story out in the field. Many start their careers as reporters, covering a specific beat or coverage area, like state and local government, education, or local businesses.

As a news anchor, it’s important to stay up to date on current events and have strong interview, researching, and writing skills. And since you’ll likely handle breaking news from time to time, it also helps if you’re good at multitasking and staying calm under pressure.

News anchors also have a lot of interaction with other people and work with a team, including producers, reporters, audio engineers, and camera operators. If this much interaction isn’t the right fit for you, you may want to look into jobs for introverts.

Like many journalism roles, a news anchor requires a bachelor’s degree. Internships can be a great way to gain experience in the field, establish contacts, and start building your professional network.

💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

How Much Do Starting News Anchors Make?

An entry-level news reporter makes an average of $42,378 a year, according to ZipRecruiter.

That said, there are many factors that come into play when determining salary, such as location and experience. It’s common for news anchors to start their careers as reporters in small local markets and work their way up to anchor desks in larger news markets. Bigger markets — and more viewers — typically bring higher salaries.

Many considerations should go into what makes a good entry-level salary, including work schedule flexibility, paid time off, and benefits like health insurance and a retirement plan.

Recommended: How to Save for Retirement

What Is the Average Salary for a News Anchor?

As mentioned, the average salary for a news anchor is $48,077 a year, according to ZipRecruiter. If you want to break it down to how much a news anchor makes an hour, the average is roughly $23.

For the top earners, the average salary is around $58,500 a year, and for the bottom 25th percentile the average salary is $40,000. Some news anchors, usually those working at major news networks, can make more than $100,000 a year.

However, no matter how much you earn, it’s a good idea to set short- and long-term financial goals. A money tracker app can help you monitor your spending and saving and also provide useful insights.

What Is the Average News Anchor Salary by State?

While some news anchors take home a hefty salary, journalism roles tend not to be the highest-paying jobs in a state.

Here are the average salaries for broadcasters, which includes news anchors, by state, according to job site Indeed.

Recommended: What Is Competitive Pay?

News Anchor Job Considerations for Pay and Benefits

Being in the news industry means covering fresh stories and meeting new people every day, but the pace can be relentless. Breaking news can happen at any time and anywhere, which can mean working beyond a typical 9-5 schedule and having to travel unexpectedly.

News anchor compensations can also include benefits like a retirement savings plan and health insurance. Some roles may also come with added perks like car services and wardrobe stipends. Bonuses can also be common in the industry.

It’s important to note that the journalism industry can be shaky and is expected to shrink in the coming years. The Labor Department forecasts that employment of news analysts, reporters, and journalism will drop 3% from 2022-2032. That means that it expects there to be 56,600 jobs in the industry in 2032 compared to 58,500 in 2022.

💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Pros and Cons of News Anchor Salary

There are many factors to consider when evaluating a salary, including the local cost of living and your spending and debt levels. Advancing into bigger markets can bring a substantial pay increase for news anchors.

The life of a news anchor can seem glamorous between the wardrobe, hair and makeup, and lights and cameras. But the news cycle can be draining, and there isn’t a lot of flexibility when it comes to the schedule or remote work options.

Morning news anchors will start their days before the sun comes up, preparing for interviews, catching up on news, and reviewing a show’s rundown. If you are looking for roles with more flexibility, you may want to explore work-from-home jobs.

The Takeaway

Becoming a news anchor means taking on the responsibility of delivering news to viewers. A typical news anchor salary is around $48,077 a year, per ZipRecruiter.

But that figure can vary depending on experience, the size of the employer, the size of the market, and other factors. Typically, news anchors start their careers in smaller, local markets. As they gain more experience, they may have opportunities to advance to larger markets, which tend to pay more.

If you’re passionate about the news and want to help keep your community informed, a career as a news anchor may be right for you.

With SoFi, you can keep tabs on how your money comes and goes.

FAQ

What is the highest-paying news anchor job?

Generally speaking, news anchors can make more working in a major, national market. For instance, prime-time television news anchors who work for major media broadcasters can earn millions per year.

Do news anchors make $100k a year?

Anchors who work at a major news network might earn more than $100,000 a year. However, the average salary is closer to $48,077 a year.

How much do news anchors make starting out?

According to ZipRecruiter, an entry-level news reporter earns around $42,378 per year. Location, experience, and the size of the employer can all play a role in a starting salary for a news anchor.

Photo credit: iStock/milanvirijevic

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL1023015

While each investor may have their own approach to investing, there are some best practices that have been honed over time by those with years of experience.

That’s not to say that one investing strategy is right and another is wrong, or that any strategy is more likely to succeed than another. When it comes to putting your money in the market, there are no guarantees and no crystal balls. But understanding some basic guidelines that have stood the test of time can be beneficial.

Basic Investing Principles

Following are a few fundamentals that hold true for many people in many situations. Bearing these in mind won’t guarantee any outcomes, but they can help you manage risk, investing costs, and your own emotions.

1. The Sooner You Start, the Better

In general, the longer your investments remain in the market, the greater the odds are that you might see positive returns. That’s because long-term investments benefit from time in the market, not timing the market.

Meaning: The markets inevitably rise and fall. So the sooner you invest, and the longer you keep your money invested, the more likely it is that your investments can recover from any volatility or downturns.

In addition, if your investments do see a gain, those earnings generate additional earnings over time, and then those earnings generate earnings, potentially increasing your returns. This is similar to the principle of compound interest.

2. Make It Automatic

One of the easiest ways to build up an investment account is by automatically contributing a certain amount to the account at regular intervals over time. If you have a 401(k) or other workplace retirement account you likely already do this via paycheck deferrals. However, most brokerages allow you to set up automatic, repeating deposits in other types of accounts as well.

Investing in this way also allows you to take advantage of a strategy called dollar-cost averaging, which helps reduce your exposure to volatility. Dollar cost averaging is when you buy a fixed dollar amount of an investment on a regular cadence (e.g. weekly or monthly).

The goal is not to invest when prices are high or low, but rather to keep your investment steady, and thereby avoid the temptation to time the market. That’s because with dollar cost averaging (DCA) you invest the same dollar amount each time, so that when prices are lower, you buy more; when prices are higher, you buy less.

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re opening a brokerage account for the first time, consider starting with an amount of money you’re prepared to lose. Investing always includes the risk of loss, and until you’ve gained some experience, it’s probably wise to start small.

3. Take Advantage of Free Money

If you have access to a workplace retirement account and your employer provides a match, contribute at least enough to get your full employer match. That’s a risk-free return that you can’t beat anywhere else in the market, and it’s part of your compensation that you should not leave on the table.

Recommended: Investing 101 Guide

4. Build a Diversified Portfolio

By creating a diversified portfolio with a variety of types of investments across a range of asset classes, you may be able to reduce some of your investment risk.

Portfolio diversification involves investing your money across a range of different asset classes — such as stocks, bonds, and real estate — rather than concentrating all of it in one area. Studies have shown that by diversifying the assets in your portfolio, you may offset a certain amount of investment risk and thereby improve returns.

Taking portfolio diversification to the next step — further differentiating the investments you have within asset classes (for example, holding small-, medium-, and large-cap stocks, or a variety of bonds) — may also be beneficial.

5. Reduce the Fees You Pay

No matter whether you’re taking an active, passive, or automatic approach to investing, you’re going to have to pay some fees to managers or brokers. For example, if you buy mutual or exchange-traded funds, you will typically pay an annual fee based on that fund’s expense ratio.

Fees can be one of the biggest drags on investment returns over time, so it’s important to look carefully at the fees that you’re paying and to occasionally shop around to see if it’s possible to get similar investments for lower fees.

6. Stick with Your Plan

When markets go down, it can feel like the world is ending. New investors might find themselves pondering questions like How can investments lose so much value so quickly? Will they ever go back up? What should I do?

During the crash of early 2020, for example, $3.4 trillion in wealth disappeared from the S&P 500 index alone in a single week. And that’s not counting all of the other markets around the world. But over the next two years, investors saw big gains as markets hit record highs.

The takeaway? Investments fluctuate over time and managing your emotions is as important as managing your portfolio. If you have a long time horizon, you may not need to be overly concerned with how your portfolio is performing day to day. It’s often wiser to stick with your plan, and don’t impulsively buy or sell just because the weather changes, so to say.

💡 Quick Tip: Newbie investors may be tempted to buy into the market based on recent news headlines or other types of hype. That’s rarely a good idea. Making good choices shouldn’t stem from strong emotions, but a solid investment strategy.

7. Maximize Tax-Advantaged Accounts

Like fees, the taxes that you pay on investment gains can significantly eat away at your profits. That’s why tax-advantaged accounts, those types of investment vehicles that allow you to defer taxes, or eliminate them entirely, are so valuable to investors.

The tax-advantaged accounts that you can use will depend on your workplace benefits, your income, and state regulations, but they might include:

•   Workplace retirement accounts such as 401(k), 403(b), etc.

•   Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)

•   Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), including Roth IRAs, SEP IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, etc.

•   529 Accounts (college savings accounts)

Recommended: Benefits of Health Savings Accounts

8. Rebalance Regularly

Once you’ve nailed down your asset allocation, or how you’ll proportion out your portfolio to various types of investments, you’ll want to make sure your portfolio doesn’t stray too far from that target. If one asset class, such as equities, outperforms others that you hold, it could end up accounting for a larger portion of your portfolio over time.

To correct that, you’ll want to rebalance once or twice a year to get back to the asset allocation that works best for you. If rebalancing seems like too much work, you might consider a target-date fund or an automated account, which will rebalance on your behalf.

9. Understand Your Personal Risk Tolerance

While all of the above rules are important, it’s also critical to know your own personality and your ability to handle the volatility inherent in the market. If a steep drop in your portfolio is going to cause you extreme anxiety — or cause you to make knee-jerk investing decisions – then you might want to tilt your portfolio more conservatively.

Ideally, you’ll land on an asset allocation that takes into account both your risk tolerance and the amount of risk that you need (and are able) to take in order to meet your investment goals.

If, on the other hand, you get a thrill out of market ups and downs (or have other assets that make it easier for you to stomach short-term losses), you might consider taking a more aggressive approach to investing.

The Takeaway

The rules outlined above are guidelines that can help both beginner and experienced investors build a portfolio that helps them meet their financial goals. While not all investors will follow all of these rules, understanding them provides a solid foundation for creating the strategy that works best for you.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

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