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Since it’s so easy to do and omnipresent, online shopping can sometimes lead to debt. If this is the case for you, there are steps you can take to rein in your digital purchases, such as identifying triggers, deleting your card info from apps and websites, and trying other strategies.

Online shopping can give you access to a multitude of retailers with just a click or two, and its popularity continues to grow. The number of Americans using e-commerce is expected to grow by almost 22% between 2024 and 2029, adding 60 million online shoppers to the current estimate of 273.5 million. To help you curb excessive online shopping, try these tactics for spotting bad spending habits and building better ones.

Understanding Your Online Shopping Habits

It’s easy to ignore poor online shopping habits and assume they’re no big deal. Until, that is, you see how low your checking account is or how high your credit card balance has risen. That can quickly bring you back to reality.

When those moments occur (or, better still, before they do), it can be wise to evaluate whether you need to cut back on online shopping.

Identifying Triggers and Patterns

If you’re wondering whether it’s time to cut back on shopping and spending, here are a few signs to watch for:

•   You’re spending a lot of your free time and money on online shopping.

•   Your online shopping is making it hard to stick to your budget.

•   Buying items online is causing you to have credit card debt or owe a higher balance than in the past.

•   It’s tough to resist making purchases, even when you know it might hurt your finances or lead to debt.

•   You may be prioritizing shopping over other important responsibilities.

•   You feel uneasy or tense when you’re not shopping.

•   There’s a sense of guilt or regret about your online spending habits.

•   After a tough day, you often turn to online shopping to lift your mood.

•   You often buy something just because it’s on sale.

These can be signals that it’s time to stop online shopping and develop better financial habits.

Recommended: How to Combine Bank Accounts

Assessing the Impact on Your Finances

Do you know that around 40% of Americans say they have a budget for online shopping, but about 32% admit they often go over it, according to Badcredit.org? While going over budget now and then might not hurt your finances too much, doing so regularly can lead to debt and make it harder to get back on track to reaching your money goals.

If you want to see how much you’re really spending online, here are some ways you might track your purchases and check if you’re overspending:

•   Keep your receipts: Holding onto your receipts (whether paper or emailed) can make it easier to remember and review what you’ve spent at the end of the month.

•   Check credit card and bank statements: Many credit cards and banks have built-in budget trackers on their online platforms and in their apps. Some even break your spending into categories so you can easily see where your money is going.

•   Record your transactions: Even small buys, like toothpaste from Amazon, count as online spending. Keep your eyes peeled for these items which are easy to overlook. Budgeting apps, whether from your bank or a third party, or a little notebook can help you easily track your transactions.

By keeping an eye on your online spending with one of these methods, you can see if you’re going over your budget and determine if you need to cut back on your spending habits.

Strategies to Curb Online Shopping

Whether your spending habits are big or small, using a few smart tactics can help you reduce your online shopping and make the most of your money. Here’s how.

Creating a Realistic Budget

Creating a budget (and sticking to it) is one of the best ways to manage your spending habits more effectively. While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution, there are plenty of strategies you can use to find what works best for you. A few to consider:

•   50/30/20 Rule: This budgeting method has you split your monthly take-home income into three categories: 50% for needs (like rent or mortgage, groceries, utilities, and minimum debt payments), 30% for wants (like dining out, travel, or movies), and 20% for savings or additional debt payments. Say you net $5,000 a month. If you use this method, you’d set aside $2,500 for needs, $1,500 for wants, and $1,000 for savings. You can use an online 50/30/20 budget calculator to do the math.

•   70/20/10 Rule: This strategy is similar to the 50/30/20 rule, but you allocate 70% for needs and wants, 20% for savings, and 10% for paying off debt or charitable donations. This is a good option if debt repayment is one of your main focuses or if you have big savings goals.

•   Zero-based budgeting: With this strategy, you assign every dollar to a job or expense, like dining out, health care, or clothes. Start with your monthly income and subtract all your expenses — including savings — until you reach zero. This approach helps you stay aware of where every dollar is going.

•   Envelope budget system: Set aside a specific amount of cash divided into envelopes for each spending category, like $3,000 for housing or $600 for food. Once the money in each category is gone, you either wait until next month or adjust by borrowing from another category, like cutting back on streaming services to fund your grocery bill.

Developing Healthier Shopping Habits

If you find that impulse buying is becoming a bad habit, there are ways to start building healthier spending patterns. Here are some tips to help you get started:

•   Try the 24-hour rule. When you find something you want to buy that isn’t a necessity, try waiting at least 24 hours before buying it. This gives you more time to think about whether you really need it. If you still want it after waiting, shop around to find the best deal, as different sites usually offer different prices and deals. Some people find that the 24-hour period isn’t long enough to have the “I’ve got to have it” feelings potentially subside. You could extend it to a week or even a month.

•   Delete your saved credit card details. Today’s digital tools can make life more convenient, as with online banking and hotel reservation apps. But online shopping can lower the barrier to purchase and make it easy (some might say too easy) to buy items with just one click. By removing your saved card info, you add an extra step to the purchase process. This also gives you more time to decide if the purchase is really necessary.

•   Pick up a new hobby. Instead of browsing shopping sites when at loose ends or bored, try picking up a new inexpensive hobby like reading, photography, or learning coding or social media strategy online. Swapping out your old shopping habit for a new hobby can help reduce the temptation to shop online.

•   Unsubscribe from retailer and merchant emails. Stores love to tempt you with emails about their latest deals. Unsubscribing from these emails can help you avoid the urge to make impulse purchases. If you don’t know about the deal, you won’t be tempted to buy.

•   Limit your shopping time. The more time you spend looking at online retail sites or being served ads on social media, the more enticing objects you’ll be exposed to. Try to limit how much time you spend browsing to help reduce the temptation to shop. You might use a browser extension (such as Pause) to limit access to shopping sites as an easy way to save money.

Seeking Support and Accountability

Setting financial goals is a great way to help you stay accountable. Start by creating specific savings or spending goals. For example, you might want to build your emergency savings fund to cover three to six months’ worth of income or save money for that dream beach vacation. Whatever your goals are, make them specific, set a deadline, and create a savings plan.

You may also want to share your goals with friends or family members who can support you and hold you accountable. You can even schedule regular check-ins to track your progress, make adjustments if needed, and recommit to your money goals. Having someone to share this process with can keep you motivated and on track. Plus, isn’t it more fun when you have someone cheering you on?

Dealing with Setbacks and Maintaining Progress

Even after you’ve created a budget, set goals, and built healthy spending habits, setbacks are bound to happen — and that’s okay. It’s not about being perfect 100% of the time. It’s about making progress and continuing to move toward your goals.

Here are a few tips to help you handle those bumps in the road when it comes to reducing online shopping:

•   Review your budget and make adjustments. Set aside time to regularly review your budget, perhaps weekly and monthly. By tracking your spending, you can see where you stand. If something isn’t working, don’t be afraid to tweak it to fit your current needs.

•   Set up automatic bank transfers. Setting up automatic transfers between bank accounts (say, from your checking to savings right after you’re paid) can simplify the saving process for you. This way, you can stay consistent without having to think about it, which can help you stay on track to achieve your goals. Also, having money whisked out of your checking account can be a good thing. You won’t be feeling as rich and therefore tempted to start shopping.

•   Build an emergency fund. Unexpected expenses pop up all the time. Not having an emergency fund can leave you vulnerable to going into debt when surprise costs arise — like pricey car repairs or plane tickets for holiday travel. This cushion will help ease the stress when life throws you a curveball.

•   Use budgeting tools. Plenty of apps and tools are available to help you track spending and savings. One of these can keep you on top of your spending habits and help you avoid going over budget. You might start by seeing what your financial institution offers and then research third-party apps, if needed.

The Takeaway

If your spending habits have become a problem and you’re wondering how to stop online shopping, there are plenty of ways to tackle it. Start by creating a budget, blocking access to your favorite shopping sites, and focusing on positive spending habits. You may find that you need new hobbies to fill the time you used to spend shopping online, or that you can delete your banking details saved on websites and in apps, thereby discouraging impulse buys.

The right banking partner can also help make it easier to monitor your money and stay on track.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What are some effective strategies to curb impulse online purchases?

Some of the best ways to curb your online impulse buying are to create a budget, stick to shopping lists, limit time spent online, and delete financial information saved online or in apps (that could lead to impulse buying). You can also try delaying gratification, where you wait at least a period of time before making a purchase. This gives you time to think it over, and often you’ll realize you don’t really need the item.

How can I block or limit access to online shopping sites?

One way to limit your online shopping is by using a browser extension like Pause, which blocks distracting sites (it comes preloaded with some; you can add more) for a brief, programmable period of time. This gives you time to think before diving in. You can also block specific sites directly through your browser’s privacy and security settings. Deleting saved financial details (such as credit card numbers) from sites and in apps can also slow down the online shopping process and give you time to reconsider a purchase.

Are there apps that can help control online shopping habits?

Yes, there are apps like Stop Impulse Buying and the Daily Bean (a diary-style log) that can help you reduce those online shopping urges by tracking your spending habits. You can also try budgeting apps and tools provided by your financial institution to keep a closer eye on where your money is going.

About the author

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy is a seasoned personal finance writer with 15 years of experience simplifying complex concepts for individuals seeking financial security. Her expertise has shined through in well-known publications like Rolling Stone, Forbes, SmartAsset, and Money Talks News. Read full bio.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

SOBNK-Q424-023

A small, steady amount of inflation is considered good for the economy. But when prices rise faster than wages, the value of your money goes down. This can have a negative impact on quality of life, especially for those with middle and lower incomes. It can also complicate saving for emergencies and investing for retirement. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to fight the effect of rising prices on your household finances. Read on to learn what inflation is and how to stay ahead of it.

Understanding Inflation

Here are key things to know about your money’s purchasing power and how it changes over time.

Inflation Definition and Causes

Inflation refers to the rising cost of goods and services over time. If the price of one or two items spike, however, that’s not inflation True inflation occurs when costs generally increase across the board, making the things consumers normally spend money on more expensive. Some inflation is the sign of a healthy economy. In fact, the Federal Reserve (a.k.a., “the Fed”) likes to see an annual inflation rate of around 2%. But sometimes inflation runs much higher, as it did in the years following the Covid-19 pandemic, which can lead to financial strain.

While inflation has multiple causes, it often stems from a mismatch between demand for goods and services and the supply of those goods and services. Events that raise production costs or disrupt the production of goods in the economy (such as a pandemic, war, or natural disaster), can also lead to an increase in prices. Inflation can also be influenced by monetary policies, such as the Fed deciding to adjust benchmark interest rates or print more money.

How Inflation Affects Your Purchasing Power

When the cost of things you normally buy goes up, your purchasing power (the amount you can get in return for every dollar you spend) goes down. In other words, your money doesn’t stretch as far as it used to.

At the same time, investments and savings accounts that don’t offer returns above the inflation rate may actually lose value in real terms. For instance, if you put $500 in a savings account paying an annual percentage yield (APY) of 0.01%, you’ll have $500.05 at the end of a year. Even at the Fed’s target 2% inflation rate, $500.05 will buy you less than $500 did a year ago, so your purchasing power has declined. Fortunately, many online savings accounts offer APYs that beat inflation, so your money grows rather than shrinks over time.

Strategies for Protecting Your Money

Inflation is a fact of life — even when inflation is low, prices tend to creep over time. So how can we fight inflation? Here are a few strategies to consider.

Earn More on Your Savings

Savings accounts offer liquidity (meaning you can easily access your funds when you need them), making them a good place to stash any cash you may need in the next few months or years. On the downside, traditional savings accounts typically don’t keep up inflation. To ensure your funds don’t lose value over time, you’ll want to look for a savings account with APY that’s close to or beats the current rate of inflation, such as a high-yield savings account.

Other Options to Consider to Outpace Inflation

Having a diversified portfolio (including stocks, bonds, and short-term investments) can help protect you from periods of hyperinflation. Some options to consider:

•   I-Bonds: Series I Savings Bonds are U.S. government-backed securities that adjust their interest rate with inflation. They offer a fixed rate plus an inflation-adjusted rate, making them a low-risk way to protect your money’s value over time. Just keep in mind that this isn’t a short-term saving strategy — you need to leave your money deposited in the bond for at least five years to avoid forfeiting some interest.

•   Real estate: This area can be another strong inflation hedge, as property values and rental income tend to increase with inflation (though this will depend on local market conditions). Investing in real estate investment trusts (REITs) can offer exposure to real estate without the need to own physical properties.

•   Inflation-protected securities: With Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), the principal, called the par value, goes up with inflation, providing some stability in times of rising prices. When a TIPS matures, you get either the increased (inflation-adjusted) price or the original principal, whichever is greater. These can be a safer investment compared to traditional bonds, which may lose value when inflation rises.

Adjusting Your Budget and Spending Habits

To make up for the higher costs of goods and services, you may want to check in on your budget and look for places where you can cut back on spending. It’s generally easiest to do this with nonessential expenses, like dining out and entertaining. But you may also be able to find ways to trim the cost of essentials. Some ideas:

•   Shop for generics at the grocery store and use coupons whenever possible.

•   Make adjustments to your energy consumption to lower your utility bills.

•   If you rent, ask your landlord if you can trade services — such as cutting the grass or shoveling the sidewalk during the winter — for a rate reduction.

•   Reduce your driving and use an app to find the cheapest gas prices near you.

•   Buy non-perishable items in bulk — this allows you to lock in current prices before they rise further.

Recommended: Is Inflation Good or Bad?

Career Moves to Combat Inflation

Increasing your income can help offset inflation’s impact on your finances. While this may be easier said than done, you might have more options than you think. Here are some career moves to consider during inflationary times:

•   Negotiate for a raise: If it’s been a while since your last raise, now may be a good time to ask for one, citing either the high inflation rate or the added value you bring to the company — or both.

•   Find a new job: In some cases, changing jobs may provide a quicker path to a higher salary than waiting for a raise.

•   Invest in skill development: Acquiring new skills or certifications can make you more valuable to employers, increasing your potential for higher wages.

•   Explore side hustles: Freelancing, consulting, or starting a small business on the side can provide additional income streams to help combat rising costs.

Government Programs and Policies

The government can (and typically does) take a number of actions to combat inflation and help American consumers deal with rising costs. Here are some of the tools they have in their arsenal:

•   Raising the federal funds rate: One of the most common ways the Fed will fight inflation is by raising the federal funds rate, which is a benchmark interest rate that influences other interest rates. Raising the federal funds rate generally makes borrowing for businesses and consumers more expensive. This slows down spending, which can cool off the economy and lower inflation.

•   Tax adjustments: The government may also adjust tax brackets and standard deductions to prevent “bracket creep,” where inflation pushes taxpayers into higher tax brackets.

•   Stimulus programs: In times of economic difficulty, stimulus checks or other government support measures may be provided to help individuals manage higher living costs.

Recommended: How the Federal Reserve Rate Impacts Your Savings

Smart Borrowing in Inflationary Times

As mentioned above, the Fed will often raise interest rates during times of high inflation. While this can help tamp down rising prices, it also makes borrowing money more expensive.

For many people, the biggest impact of these rate increases is on credit cards, which have a variable interest rate. When rates are high, you want to be careful not to carry a balance from month to month. If you already have credit card debt, it’s a good idea to focus on paying it down.

If you’re in the market for a new mortgage during a time of high inflation, you might benefit by choosing a variable rate loan. That way, if rates begin to fall, your mortgage’s rate will likely also go down. On the other hand, if inflation (and rates) appear to be on the rise, you may be better off with a fixed-rate mortgage to lock in current rates.

Long-Term Planning for Inflation

When saving and investing for future goals, such as retirement, it’s important to factor in inflation. Rising prices can affect your long-term financial plan in two main ways:

•   The real return on your investments: You’ll need to consider not just the interest rate you expect to receive but also the real rate of return, which is determined by figuring in the effects of inflation. Your financial advisor can help you calculate your expected real rate of return on your investments.

•   Future costs: When calculating how much money you’ll need to comfortably retire, it’s important to estimate future living expenses with inflation in mind. This may mean adjusting your target retirement savings to account for an increased cost of living. There are online calculators that can help you model out what inflation-adjusted numbers would look like.

The Takeaway

Inflation is an inevitable part of economic life. Ideally, the Fed tries to limit the inflation rate to 2% annually, but sometimes a shift in supply and demand and other factors can lead to a spike in the inflation rate.

Government programs and policies can offer support when inflation gets too high. There are also steps you can take on your own to make your finances more inflation-resistant. These include spending less, boosting your annual income, avoiding high-interest debt, and choosing investments and savings accounts that protect the value of your cash so it grows (rather than shrinks) over time.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What types of investments typically perform well during inflation?

During inflation, certain investments tend to perform better because they can keep pace with or outgrow rising prices. Stocks, especially in sectors like consumer goods and energy, may see gains as companies pass higher costs onto customers. Real estate often appreciates, and rental income may rise with inflation. Lower-risk investment options include: Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), which adjust with inflation and help safeguard your purchasing power, and I Bonds, which have a variable interest rate that adjusts for inflation.

How can I adjust my budget to cope with inflation?

To cope with inflation, it’s a good idea to review your budget and identify areas where you may be able to cut back on spending, such as dining out, entertainment, and gym memberships. This can free up funds to cover the rising cost of essential monthly expenses, like groceries, rent, utilities, and gas. Other smart moves to beat inflation include: paying down debt (especially high-interest credit cards), boosting your income, and adjusting your emergency savings fund to account for a higher cost of living.

Does increasing my savings rate help combat inflation?

Yes, increasing your savings rate can help combat inflation. If you put your money in a savings account that pays more than the current rate of inflation, it will offset the loss of purchasing power and ensure your savings grow despite inflationary pressures. Increasing your savings also helps you build a larger financial cushion to cover rising costs.

Photo credit: iStock/shutter_m

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.

SOBNK-Q424-021

Given the growth of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategies over the last 10 years, investors are increasingly interested in finding ways to evaluate companies based on their ESG scores. There is also concern about companies’ exposure to certain environmental, social, and governance risk factors.

As a result, several third-party scoring agencies have emerged to aggregate and analyze ESG data, and put it into a form investors can use.

The need for outside ESG scoring services stems from the fact that, for now, ESG guidelines are in flux. Some are voluntary, some are mandatory, and some companies have developed proprietary scoring systems to measure their performance, compliance, and risk mitigation in light of ESG standards.

In short, in most cases investors cannot turn to a single type of ESG score, but must become familiar with how different ESG scores work and how they’re applied.

What Is an ESG Score?

An ESG score consists of aggregated measures of a company’s environmental, social, and governance data, as it pertains to that company’s operations, production, supply chain, workforce, corporate leadership, and more. These ESG metrics can include factors such as:

•   Greenhouse gas emissions

•   Renewable energy use

•   Pollution mitigation

•   Worker safety

•   Fair labor practices

•   Executive compensation

•   Transparency in accounting and security

Although not a part of traditional financial metrics or fundamental analysis, these factors can have a significant impact on a company’s financial performance. If companies put out ESG reports on an annual basis, investors can see how they compare to competitors and whether or not they are making improvements over time to meet ESG goals and mitigate risks.

Currently, in the ESG investing sector there are challenges involved in adopting ESG standards and reporting models. ESG frameworks and metrics can vary by sector, company size, and geographic location. In addition, some are required while others are voluntary. Some proposed regulations have been met with legal challenges. More details on that below.

Examples of ESG Scoring Systems

There are three broad categories of ESG scoring methods.

•   General. These ratings focus on a range of environmental, social, and governance factors.

•   Issue-centric. Issue-focused ESG scores measure the performance of companies based on a single issue like renewable energy use, carbon emissions, or labor standards.

•   Category-specific. Category-specific ESG scores drill down into one of the ESG pillars (environmental, social, or governance). For example, a ratings company might assess companies only along governance lines.

Recommended: What Is Socially Responsible Investing?

What Do ESG Scores Measure?

Just as there isn’t one set of ESG standards that all companies must adhere to, there are also different types of ESG scores. Each ESG score is meant to summarize information that investors and stakeholders committed to green investing can use for decision-making.

Some capture a company’s compliance to external (or proprietary) ESG rules. Some evaluate how much progress a company is making toward certain standards. Others may assess the risk levels a company faces from various environmental, social, and governance factors.

When taken pillar by pillar, ESG scores may include the following:

Environmental:

•   Carbon emissions

•   Climate change risks and planning

•   Water use

•   Biodiversity

•   Land use

•   Energy efficiency

•   Toxic emissions & waste

•   Packaging material & waste

•   Electronic waste

Social:

•   Labor management

•   Worker safety

•   Labor standards (e.g. diversity)

•   Product safety & quality

•   Consumer relations

•   Community relations

Governance:

•   Composition of the board

•   Executive compensation

•   Accounting practices and transparency

•   Business ethics

•   Corruption

•   Cybersecurity

Other Factors to Consider

There can also be other factors within each of the three categories, which rating agencies may take into account when calculating an overall ESG score: e.g., sourcing of environmentally sustainable materials for product development, or addressing ESG risks in the supply chain can come into play.

Ideally, an ESG score helps to flesh out investors’ understanding of companies’ performance, risks, goals, and opportunities. Equally important for investors, an ESG score can provide a way to compare companies more accurately.

Which Agencies Calculate ESG Scores?

Some 600 third-party agencies now conduct ESG data gathering, analysis, and scoring. As noted, some agencies specialize in a single ESG pillar, while others do all three.

Some of the most well-known rating agencies include Bloomberg ESG Data Services, Dow Jones Sustainability Index, MSCI ESG Research, Morningstar Sustainalytics, S&P Global, ISS ESG, Moody’s Investors Service, and Thomson Reuters ESG Research Data.

How Are ESG Scores Calculated?

These days, many companies are required to submit ESG disclosures along with their standard annual or quarterly reports. There are inconsistencies here as well — e.g., the SEC’s attempt to require certain types of ESG disclosures in 2024 was challenged in court, and is currently on hold.

But companies that comply with disclosure rules need to adopt reliable ESG frameworks that include specific standards and metrics. ESG frameworks help standardize the criteria employed in ESG disclosures, which serves stakeholders across the board. One of the most common is the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), a set of voluntary standards that has nonetheless been adopted by 80% of large corporations.

Variations in ESG Scores

Every ESG scoring agency has its own methods for analyzing and reporting performance. Some agencies look at internal data such as voluntary disclosures and reporting, while others look at publicly available data.

Some agencies weigh ESG metrics based on their potential impact. For instance, worker safety may have a higher weight in an overall score because it poses significant financial and legal risks within a short-term time frame for that organization.

The ratings also take into account how the company compares to others in its industry. Some ratings agencies have different scoring frameworks for different industries, weighing factors based on their importance to that industry.

ESG Score Example

The MSCI ESG score is a widely used ESG rating system for thousands of equity and fixed-income companies worldwide. MSCI defines issues that are relevant to specific industries (e.g., carbon emissions may apply more to manufacturers than to banks), and looks at dozens of exposure metrics (which rate a company’s exposure to, say, biohazards or supply chain risks), as well as nearly 300 governance metrics.

Companies are then given a score from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating that the company may not be mitigating that risk, and higher scores demonstrating a more proactive strategy around risk mitigation.

Those scores are then weighted according to complex, industry specific criteria. MSCI then translates the weighted scores into ratings that range from CCC to AAA.

What Is a Good ESG Score?

It’s important to understand the difference between ESG rating agencies and what metrics they focus on, since there isn’t a global standard for ESG scores. Investors can look at the ESG scores of different companies as part of their comparison prior to or after investing.

Some ESG scores range from 0-100, with 0 being the worst and 100 the best. Sometimes scores also have letter ratings between CCC and AAA.

Score ranges may be categorized as poor, average, good, or excellent. Companies may also be referred to as laggards, average, or leaders.

How Investors Can Use ESG Scores

Investors can look at ESG scores to compare companies they are interested in investing in or are already invested in. A high or rising ESG score may be a good indicator of lower ESG risk.

However, ESG scores shouldn’t be the only thing an investor looks at when making decisions about sustainable investing. There are not many regulations or standards around ESG reporting and ratings, and not all ESG data is of high quality. There can be issues with transparency and a lack of information about how data is collected and analyzed.

Key ways investors can use ESG scores are:

•   As a supplement to traditional financial analysis.

•   As a tool to evaluate potential risks and opportunities.

•   To find companies that match one’s personal values.

•   To evaluate improvements or performance decreases in existing investments.

The Takeaway

Looking at company ESG scores is a useful way to evaluate potential investments in addition to traditional financial metrics. Environmental, social, and governance scores can help identify potential risks as well as investment opportunities. As interest in sustainability continues to increase — as well as the concerns about how ESG risk factors may impact business performance — the accuracy, availability, and transparency of ESG scores is likely to keep improving.

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