Ultimate Guide to Understanding Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are a type of investment vehicle that rope together numerous types of securities in one basket. They’re similar to exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, in that way, but there are some key differences. They can provide investors with an easy and turnkey way to build a diversified portfolio, often with a manager watching over the fund.

The ABCs of Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are funds, or a basket of different securities, that are packaged together and sold, in shares or fractional shares, to investors.

Mutual funds were designed for people to get started investing with small amounts of money. You can think of them as suitcases filled with different types of securities, such as stocks and bonds. Buying even one share of the fund immediately invests you in all the individual securities the fund holds.

The primary benefit of mutual funds is instant portfolio diversification. Say you invest in a mutual fund that holds stocks of every company in the S&P 500. If one company in the S&P 500 goes bankrupt, your fund might lose some value, but you most likely won’t lose everything. But if your whole investment was in that one company’s stock, you’d lose all or most of your money.

How Mutual Funds Work

A mutual fund itself is actually a company that pools investors’ resources and invests it on their behalf. They create a fund of many different investment types, and manage it on behalf of the group of investors.

Mutual funds can be managed actively or passively. Passively managed funds attempt to track an index, such as the Russell 2000 (an index of 2,000 small-cap U.S. companies). In other words, if one company leaves the index and another one joins, the fund sells and buys those company’s stocks accordingly. The risk and return of these funds is very similar to the index.

Actively managed mutual funds attempt to beat the performance of an index. The idea is that with careful investment selection, they will get higher returns than the index.

Different Types of Mutual Funds

There are numerous types of mutual funds that investors can choose to invest in.

Breaking Down Various Mutual Fund Types

Mutual funds can invest in stocks, bonds, real estate, commodities, and more. There are tens of thousands of mutual funds that cover every investing strategy you can imagine. Those can include asset class funds, sector funds, or target date funds, among many others.

Asset Class Funds

Asset classes are groups of similar assets that share similar risks, such as stocks, bonds, cash, or real estate. Some funds specialize in a particular type of investment or asset class — for example, large cap growth stocks or high yield bonds. These mutual funds assume that you or your adviser will choose the strategic mix of funds that’s right for you.

Sector or Industry Funds

Some funds will attempt to represent all or most of the stocks in a particular sector or industry. What’s the difference? Sectors are broader than industries — for example, oil is an industry, but energy is a sector that also includes coal, gas, wind, and solar companies. The stocks in each industry or sector share similar characteristics and risks.

Target Date Funds

A target date fund will provide you with a mix of asset classes (for example, 20% bonds and 80% stocks). They assume you will terminate the fund some year in the future, usually when you retire, and they shift to less risky investments as the target year approaches.

Target-date funds are intended to be a generic, low-cost solution to retirement saving and. They can be a good choice for a 401(k) investment if you don’t have the time or expertise to pick funds.


💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

The Financial Mechanics of Mutual Funds

As mentioned, mutual funds pool money from a group of investors and invest it for them in various securities. That seems simple enough — but figuring out how to price shares is a bit more involved.

The Pricing Puzzle: Net Asset Value Explained

Mutual funds are companies, and investors purchase shares of the company. Share prices of mutual funds are also called net asset value, or NAV, and NAV corresponds to the net value of all the fund’s assets, with liabilities subtracted. Then, the number is divided by the number of shares outstanding.

In effect, investors can calculate share prices using the NAV formula if they wish.

Fee Structures: Costs Associated with Mutual Fund Investing

There are also costs associated with mutual funds. All mutual funds have some expenses, but they can vary a lot from one fund to another. It’s important to understand them, because fund expenses can have a big impact on your returns over time.

Another problem with actively managed funds is that they typically cost you more because funds are paying people who make investment decisions, and they are making more trades, which have transaction costs. As such, you may want to look out for operating expenses or transaction fees.

You won’t get a bill, but your returns on the fund will be reduced by the fund’s expenses. Some brokerage firms also charge commission for buying mutual funds.

The Pros and Cons of Investing in Mutual Funds

Like all investments, mutual funds have their pros and cons that investors should consider.

Benefits of Diversification and Professional Management

The two biggest pros or advantages of mutual funds are likely the built-in diversification that they offer investors, and professional management. The diversification element allows many investors to take a “set it and forget it” approach to their portfolio management, and many may find confidence knowing that professional fund managers are steering the ship.

Considering the Risks: No Guarantees and Potential for High Costs

Cons include the fact that there’s no guarantee in terms of returns (there never are when investing!), and the costs associated with mutual funds. As noted, mutual funds may incur additional costs compared to other investment types, depending on the individual fund. That may turn some investors off.

Taxes and Cash Drag: The Other Side of Mutual Funds

Taxes are another potential con for mutual funds, as investors will need to pay capital gains taxes on mutual fund payouts throughout the year — and they won’t have much control over that, either. And cash drag (or performance drag), which refers to the difference between returns between two investments when one incorporates trading costs, can be another thing for investors to think about.

Mutual Fund Investments and You

How can you determine if mutual funds are right for your strategy or portfolio? It may require some consideration of your goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance.

Are Mutual Funds Right for Your Portfolio?

There’s no way to say definitively that a certain investment or investment type, like mutual funds, are “right” for any given investor. But in a general sense, mutual funds may be a good choice if you’re a new or young investor, and looking to add some out-of-the-box investments to your portfolio. Again, mutual funds are typically already diversified, to a degree, and are managed by professionals.

Can You Cash Out Anytime? Understanding Liquidity

Mutual funds are not as liquid as stocks or other investments, but they are fairly liquid. That’s to say that if you want to cash out or sell your mutual fund holdings, a prospective trade will only execute once per day — after the stock markets close at 4pm ET. Conversely, stocks can trade any time during market hours.

Mutual Funds Compared to ETFs

Mutual funds are, in many ways, similar to other types of investments, like ETFs.

Mutual Funds vs ETFs: A Comparative Analysis

Mutual funds have been around since the 18th century, but exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, are relatively new, having debuted in the early 1990s. Traditional (old-school) mutual funds are issued by the fund sponsor when you buy them and redeemed when you sell them.

They are priced once a day, after the market closes, at the value of all the underlying securities in the fund divided by the number of fund shares — again, their net asset value (NAV).

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) trade on stock exchanges throughout the day. You buy them from and sell them to another investor — just like a stock.

Since the assets in the fund are constantly changing value throughout the day, and the fund price is set by market supply and demand, it might trade a little higher or lower than its NAV at different points in the day, but ETFs generally track their NAV very closely. Both traditional funds and ETFs can be actively or passively managed.

ETFs have two advantages — liquidity and cost. Even though you may pay a commission for buying or selling them—just like a stock, they generally have lower expenses that more than make up for it.

Since they can be bought or sold whenever the market is open, you don’t have to wait until the end of the day to buy or sell. This liquidity can be a big advantage on days when the market is way up or way down.

Understanding Fund Classes and What They Mean for Your Investment

There are some mutual funds that offer classes of shares, or different types of shares (similar to some stocks). The different classes of shares tend to correlate to the types of fees or expenses associated with them. Investors may find Class A, Class B, and Class C shares on the market for certain funds.

Class A shares tend to charge fees up front and have lower ongoing expenses, which may be attractive to long-term investors. Class B shares may have high exit fees and expense ratios. Class C shares tend to have mid-level expense ratios and small exit fees, and are often popular with the typical investor.

Getting Started with Mutual Funds

If you think mutual fund investing is a good option for your strategy, getting started can be relatively simple.

Steps to Your First Mutual Fund Investment

The first thing to do if you’re looking to invest in mutual funds is to sit down and do some homework. As discussed, there are myriad mutual funds out there, and they’re all different. You’ll want to pay close attention to what each fund offers, the costs associated with it, and the risks, too.

If you’ve found a mutual fund that you think is a good fit for your portfolio, you’ll want to choose a brokerage or platform that will allow you to buy shares of a given fund, or otherwise have an account that you can trade with, such as a retirement account.

From there, it’s more or less about placing an order and executing the trade. And, after that, managing and rebalancing your portfolio every so often.

Working With Financial Advisors: Finding Guidance in Mutual Fund Investing

As with all investments, if you feel that mutual fund investing has thrown you for a loop or is over your head, you can and maybe should reach out to a financial professional for guidance. Advisors of various types should be able to help you figure out which funds may be a good fit, describe their fees and risks, and help you make a wise selection that will help put you on track to reaching your financial goals.


💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

The Takeaway

Mutual funds are companies that pool investors’ money, and then invest it in numerous types of securities on their behalf. Investors can purchase or invest in shares of mutual funds and add them to their portfolios. Mutual funds can be useful to new or beginner investors, as they offer built-in diversification, and active management.

They do have higher costs than other investments, though, which is something investors should consider. Further, there are thousands of mutual funds on the market, which may be overwhelming to some. If you’re interested in investing in mutual funds, it may be a good idea to speak with a financial professional for guidance.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


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Paying Off $10,000 of Credit Card Debt

If you’re like many Americans, you may carry thousands of dollars of credit card debt. One recent analysis found that the average citizen has $7,951 in debt. While getting out from under debt may seem daunting, there are ways to make it manageable.

Here’s a look at different strategies for paying off a large chunk of debt; specifically, $10,000. In addition to tactics for eliminating debt, you’ll learn why doing so is important, which can help boost your motivation.

Why Paying off Credit Card Debt is Important

In an ideal world, you would pay off your credit card every month in full. If you’re able to do that, using a credit card (responsibly) can be a good thing. It’s actually a pretty useful way to build credit and gain credit card rewards.

However, when you start to carry monthly credit card debt, things can get a bit dicey, because you’ll start to pay interest.

When you signed up for your credit card, you probably noticed that it came with an annual percentage rate (APR). The APR includes not only the approximate percentage of interest that you’ll likely pay on your credit card balance, but also fees associated with your credit card, such as origination fees or balance transfer fees.

Even if you make minimum payments, interest will still accrue on the balance you owe. The more money you owe, the quicker your interest payments can add up and the harder your debt can be to pay off. The fact that credit cards typically charge high interest rates (the current average interest rate is almost 25% at the end of 2023) is part of what you’re grappling with.

So strategies that help you pay down debt as fast as you can also might help you control your interest rates. That, in turn, can help keep your debt from getting ahead of you.

To illustrate some of the debt-demolishing tips in this article, the nice round number of $10,000 is being used. But everyone’s debt totals will be different, and the right ways to pay down debt will be different for everyone as well. It’s up to you to find the path that’s best for your needs.


💡 Quick Tip: Some personal loan lenders can release your funds as quickly as the same day your loan is approved.

Avoiding Adding to Your Debt

If tackling $10,000 in credit card debt, or really any amount of credit card debt, the very first step might be to stop using credit cards altogether. This can be tough, especially if you’re used to using them all the time. But if you keep spending on your card, you’ll be adding to your debt. While you get your debt under control, you could consider switching over to only using cash or your debit card.

Building a Budget

Making a budget may help you find extra cash to help you pay down your credit cards. You can start by making a list of all your necessary expenses, including housing, utilities, transportation, insurance, and groceries.

It’s usually a good idea to include minimum credit card payments in this category as well, since making minimum payments can at least keep you from having to pay additional penalties and fees on top of your credit card balance and interest payments.

You can tally up the cost of your necessary expenses and subtract the total from your income. What’s left is the money available for discretionary spending, or in other words, the money you’d use for savings, eating out, entertainment, etc. Look for discretionary expenses you can cut — you might forgo a vacation or start cooking more — so you can direct extra money to paying down your credit card.

Consider using any extra windfalls — such as a bonus at work, a tax refund, or a cash birthday gift — to help you pay down your debt as well.

Though it may seem frustrating to cut out activities you enjoy doing, it can be helpful to remember that these cuts are likely temporary. As soon as you pay off your cards, you can add reasonable discretionary expenditures back into your budget.

The Debt Avalanche Method

Once you’ve identified the money you’ll use to pay off your cards, there are a couple of strategies that may be worth considering to help organize your payments. If you have multiple credit cards that each carry a balance, you could consider the debt avalanche method. The first step when using this strategy is to order your credit card debts from the highest interest rate to the lowest.

From there, you’d make minimum payments on all of your cards to avoid additional penalties and fees. Then, you could direct extra payments to the card with the highest interest rates first. When that card is paid off, you’d focus on the next highest card and so on until you’d paid off all of your debt.

The idea here is that higher interest rates end up costing you more money over the long run, so clearing the highest rates saves you cash and accelerates your ability to pay off your other debts.

The Debt Snowball Method

Another strategy potentially worth considering if you have multiple credit cards is the snowball method. With this method, you’d order your debts from smallest to largest balance. You would then make minimum payments on all of your cards here as well, but direct any extra payments to paying off the smallest balance first.

Once that’s done, you’d move on to the card with the next lowest balance, continuing this process until you have all of your cards paid off. By paying off your smallest debt you get an immediate win. Ideally, this small win would help you build momentum and stay motivated to keep going.

The drawback of this method is you continue making interest payments on your highest rate loans. So you may actually end up spending more money on interest using this method than you would using the avalanche method.

Only you know what type of motivation works best for you. If the sense of accomplishment you feel from paying off your small balances will help inspire you to actually pay your debt off, then this method may be the right choice for you.

Consolidate Your Debt

Interest rates on credit cards can be hefty to say the least. Personal loans can help you rein in your credit card debt by consolidating it with a potentially lower interest rate. With a personal loan, you can consolidate all of your credit cards into one loan, instead of managing multiple credit card payments.

Once you’ve used your personal loan to consolidate your credit card debt, you’ll still be responsible for paying off the loan. However, you’ll no longer have to juggle multiple debts. And hopefully, with a lower interest rate and shorter term, you’ll actually be able to pay your debt off faster.

Paying Off Credit Card Debt With a Personal Loan

If you think a personal loan could be a good way for you to pay off $10,000 of credit card debt, see what SoFi offers.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.


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Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How to Set Up a Fundraising Bank Account

How to Set Up a Fundraising Bank Account

Fundraiser bank accounts offer a way to help take care of those in need, and they are typically easy to establish. You may have heard about these accounts on your local news. They are used in such situations as people donating to help a neighbor rebuild a flooded house or pay medical bills when facing a tough diagnosis.

If you are planning to raise money on someone else’s (or a cause’s) behalf, opening a fundraising bank account could be a good option. But how you do so will depend on what the account is for. Here’s a closer look at what a fundraising bank account is and how it operates.

What Is a Fundraising Bank Account?

A fundraiser bank account is one set up specifically to hold donations. For most of us, that means donations to a small cause, be it ourselves, another individual, or a small group of people. A fundraising bank account sets aside the money specifically for the beneficiary (or beneficiaries), though it may not be opened by the individual who will benefit. Some points to consider:

•   Keep in mind that opening a bank account for fundraising is different from donating to a charity. These are bank accounts people set up to hold donations to an individual or family as opposed to starting a full-on charity of their own.

•   A fundraising bank account is not the only way to capture donations. Most major crowdfunding platforms make it easy to accept donations through the platform itself, or you may also be able to take donations via peer-to-peer transfer services. The money could then be transferred directly to an individual’s personal checking or savings account.

•   Unless you’re offering something in return for the money or the total donations, it’s not considered taxable income, though the crowdfunding platform may report the transactions to the IRS.

That said, opening a fundraising bank account can still be the best option for some situations. It can provide more formal protections for beneficiaries and assure the donated monies are separate from other funds.


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What Is Needed to Set Up a Fundraising Account?

What you need to set up a fundraising bank account will vary depending on the bank you choose and even the local laws in your area. A good first step: Explain the purpose of your account to the bank when you open it. This way, they will have a full picture of what your goal is and be able to guide you.

Your Identification Information

Just like when you open a new bank account, you’ll need identifying information such as a Social Security number, name, and address — but whose identifying information you need will vary. If the fundraising account is for donations to you as an individual, your own information will be needed.

The Beneficiaries’ Identification Information

But if you’re opening an account for a someone else to benefit from, it may make more sense to open the account with their credentials. In fact, if you can, bring them to the bank with you and have them open the account in their own name. A bank may or may not allow you to open an account for another person if they’re not present or haven’t provided signed and notarized forms.

If the beneficiary doesn’t have a Social Security number or you’re opening the account for multiple beneficiaries, you may need to obtain an Employer Identification Number, or EIN, from the IRS for the account. (This is simply a way for the IRS, or Internal Revenue Service, to keep tabs on the money for tax-reporting purposes — it doesn’t, in this case, have anything to do with being someone’s employer.)

What to Do With the Money While It Is Being Raised

When you are gathering funds to support a charity or help a person in need, it’s vital to keep it safe. A smart way to do that: Make sure that money gets into the bank account ASAP. Depositing it directly will protect it from possible loss. As other deposits come in, the balance will grow until the happy day you are able to distribute it to the individual or charity that will benefit from your kindness.

Things to Consider With a Fundraising Bank Account

There are some complications that can arise when opening a bank account for fundraising. Some examples:

Fundraising Accounts for Deceased Beneficiaries

In some cases, you may be raising money to pay for a deceased person’s funeral costs or to provide living expenses for loved ones left behind. Of course, if someone has passed away, you can’t use their Social Security number to open an account — so you’ll need to obtain an EIN, as mentioned above, and again, let the bank know explicitly the purpose of the account.

Fundraising Accounts for Minor Beneficiaries

Perhaps you want to help collect money for a child who needs cash for medical or educational expenses. Be forewarned that raising money for minors can come with a variety of complications — including the problem of ensuring the minor uses the money for what it’s being set aside for.

•   Establishing the account by or for the child’s legal guardian is a good way of safeguarding the funds and making sure they’re being used for the intended purpose.

•   If that option is unavailable, you might consider setting up a trust fund — which involves putting the legal responsibility for the money into a third party’s hands, with the added option of specifying certain ways the money can be used. An attorney can guide you through the process of setting up a trust.

Tax Consequences

As mentioned above, gift funds received in a fundraising bank account may not be taxable as income — although there are exceptions, and you should always consult a tax professional to be sure you understand the tax liabilities of your planned actions. For example, if the account the donations are being held in earns interest, taxes may be assessed on those earnings.

In addition, keep in mind that these kinds of donations are not considered charitable donations, and so will not be tax deductible for the donor.

Can the Bank Be Held Liable if Funds Are Misused?

Unfortunately, scammers do exist — and it’s possible that some people who set up fundraising bank accounts may end up using the monies for a purpose other than what was promised to the donors. If you’re setting up an account in good faith for someone else’s use, it’s worth checking with the bank about who’d be liable if the beneficiary misused the funds.

It’s not unheard of for banks to request that they be indemnified if this should happen and the money isn’t used according to the fund’s original intention.

Are There Safeguards in Case of Fraud?

It’s upsetting to think about, but yes, fraud does happen. People have been known to take advantage of the compassion of do-gooders and use the money raised to pay for things other than to fund’s intention.

•   Setting up a formal trust is one way to ensure the funds can only be used within the proper parameters.

•   You can also check with the bank to learn if there are any other safeguards in place in case of bank fraud.

The Takeaway

Opening a fundraising bank account is one way to set aside money being gathered for an individual or small group. The funds will be protected and can accumulate to help the beneficiary. When acting on good intentions, though, it’s important for the account’s creator to understand how these accounts function, what’s required to open one, and that they don’t afford any tax deductions for donors. With these steps taken, you can be well on your way to helping those in need or a cause that moves you.

On the topic of bank accounts, how are your own accounts doing?

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How do I set up a charity account?

To set up a fundraising bank account, you’ll need to explain to the bank the purpose of your account and ensure you have all the information they need, likely including the beneficiary’s Social Security number.

Do I need a tax ID for a fundraiser?

Depending on the type of account you set up and whether or not the beneficiary’s Social Security number can be used, you may need to get a tax ID number (such as an Employer Identification Number, or EIN) in order to open the account.

How do you account for donations?

All donations should be tracked for tax reporting purposes — and keeping them in a separate account makes it easy to see which funds are personal and which are gifts.


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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to Direct Deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

Members without either Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, or who do not enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days, will earn 1.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 1/24/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Guide to How Long the Student Loan Consolidation Process Can Take

Applying for a student loan consolidation can take approximately 30 minutes for borrowers who have their financial information on hand, according to the Federal Student Aid website. Repayment of the consolidated loan usually begins within 60 days after the loan is disbursed.

When you need to simplify your monthly student loan payments, you don’t want to waste a minute. Let’s cover the definition of consolidation, examine how long it takes to consolidate student loans, and go over the steps in the student loan consolidation process. We’ll also discuss whether it’s possible to speed up how long student loan consolidation takes.

What Is Student Loan Consolidation and How Does It Work?

“Consolidation” is just a fancy word for combining, and that’s a great first step to understand how student loan consolidation works. If you have multiple federal loans, you can combine them into a single loan using a Direct Consolidation Loan. After a free application process, consolidation gives you a single monthly payment instead of multiple bills.

A Direct Consolidation Loan may lower your monthly payment by giving you a longer repayment period (up to 30 years) or access to income-driven repayment plans — but not by lowering your interest rate. The rate you receive will be a weighted average of your prior loan rates, rounded up to the nearest ⅛ of a percent.

You can consolidate most federal student loans, including the following:

•   Direct Subsidized Loans

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans

•   Direct PLUS Loans

•   Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students

Check the Federal Student Aid website for a complete list of qualified loans.

How do you consolidate your student loans?

•   Gather your loan records, account statements, and bills so you have everything in front of you to complete the Direct Consolidation Loan Application and Promissory Note.

•   Fill out borrower information, such as your name, address, and Social Security number, as well as the names of two adult references.

•   Next, you’ll enter the loans you want to consolidate (including requested information and codes) as well as the loans you don’t want to consolidate.

•   You’ll also walk through how you want to repay your loans and review the borrower understandings, certifications, and authorizations. Finally, sign the note, which promises that you’ll repay your loans.

How Long Does Student Loan Consolidation Take?

The federal Direct Consolidation Loan application process takes approximately six weeks from the day it is submitted. Consolidating private student loans — called refinancing – typically takes less time. Read on for details.

Federal Loans

Federal student loans come from the federal government through the U.S. Department of Education. Terms and conditions are set by law, including the interest rate.

To consolidate federal student loans, you first must fill out the Federal Direct Consolidation Loan Application and Promissory Note, which should take about 30 minutes to complete. From there, the process of consolidation takes approximately six weeks. Borrowers can check the status of their application at StudentAid.gov.

Until the consolidation process is complete, you must continue to make payments on your current loans. Once the servicer determines your loans are eligible for consolidation, you may begin paying your new loan instead.

Private Loans

Private student loans, unlike federal student loans, originate from a private lender — a bank, online lender, or credit union. You cannot change private student loans into federal student loans through the federal loan consolidation process. You also cannot consolidate private and federal student loans together.

However, you can refinance private loans. Refinancing means switching to a private lender to get a better rate or term. You can refinance a single loan or combine a number of loans to give you one new loan.

Refinancing federal student loans means that all of your loans become private loans. As a result, you lose access to federal student loan benefits like interest rate discounts and loan cancellation benefits. (You can learn more about the pros and cons in our student loan refinancing guide.)

Refinancing with a private student loan lender typically takes less time — sometimes just a few business days. However, this timeline can be longer if additional documentation is needed or if you have a coapplicant. In these cases, the timeline can vary depending on the lender and the time it takes the borrower to gather and submit the documents.

Recommended: Consolidating vs. Refinancing Student Loans

Is There Any Way to Accelerate the Student Loan Consolidation Process?

Unfortunately, you cannot accelerate the federal student loan consolidation process.

You may want to consider skipping the consolidation process altogether and refinance your student loans with a private lender, which will likely take less time. You can take a look at a student loan refinancing rate calculator to make sure it will financially work to your advantage.

Pros and Cons of Consolidating Student Loans

Why might you want to consolidate federal loans into a single federal Direct Consolidation Loan? Or why might you want to steer clear of consolidation altogether? Review the pros and cons below to get a better understanding of whether consolidating student loans is right for you.

Pros Cons
Simplify your loan payments. You’ll have just one loan payment instead of several payments for multiple loan types. Losing benefits. If you choose to consolidate your loans using a refinance, you will lose out on federal benefits, like income-driven repayment and forgiveness.
Lower your monthly payment. You could lower your monthly payment. It’s possible to extend your payment term to 30 years, which allows you to take more time to repay.

Paying more interest. You will pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.
Change loan servicers. You can switch loan servicers, the entity that handles the day-to-day details of your loan, which can help you out if you’re unhappy with your current servicer. Losing credit for prior payments. If you’ve been working toward an income-driven repayment plan or PSLF, you’ll lose credit for any payments made toward them.
Switch to a fixed-rate loan. You can switch any variable interest rates to a fixed-rate, which can offer you more stability in your monthly payments. Paying capitalized interest. Outstanding interest on loans you consolidate becomes part of your principal balance on the new loan, which means interest will then accrue on a higher principal balance.

Alternatives to Student Loan Consolidation

If you think it might take too long to consolidate your student loans or you just want a more options, you may have these alternatives available to you:

•   Deferment: If you can claim medical or financial hardship, or you’re back in school or between jobs, you may be able to pause your student loan payments through deferment.

•   Forbearance: Forbearance means that you won’t have to make a payment or that you’ll be allowed to make a smaller payment on your federal student loans.

•   Income-driven repayment plans: Income-driven repayment plans allow you to make payments based on your family size and income.

•   Modification: A student loan modification changes the terms and conditions of an existing student loan. Unlike consolidation, a modification means you keep the same loan but adjust it.

You might also consider keeping your plan and improving your financial situation in order to comfortably be able to make your payments. This will avoid the potential downsides of consolidation, like paying more in interest due to a longer loan term.

The Takeaway

If you’re tired of making multiple federal student loan payments, consolidation might be the answer. In general, the process takes about six weeks after submitting the application.

You may also consider student loan refinancing to help you manage your monthly payments. SoFi makes it easy to see what rates you may be eligible for. Plus, with SoFi, you can skip paying origination fees, application fees, and prepayment penalties.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Does it take longer to consolidate federal or private student loans?

It typically takes six weeks to consolidate federal student loans — longer than refinancing — but you retain your federal benefits. If you’re uncertain whether you want to consolidate your federal student loans or refinance with a private student loan lender, consider shopping around before you make a final decision.

When can consolidating student loans make sense?

Consolidating can make sense if you want to reduce multiple student loans into one monthly loan payment. Additionally, if you want to lower your monthly payments, switch loan servicers, or change to a fixed-rate loan, consolidation might be worth exploring.

Why would you consolidate rather than refinance student loans?

When you’re weighing the pros and cons of consolidating vs. refinancing, it’s important to determine your goals. If simplification is your major goal, you may want to consolidate. Additionally, if you have federal student loans and don’t want to lose protections, it might be wise to forgo refinancing and instead opt for student loan consolidation.


Photo credit: iStock/TanyaJoy


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FOREFEIT YOUR EILIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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What Is a Guarantor Loan and How Do I Get One?

What Is a Guarantor Loan and How Do I Get One?

If so, a guarantor loan might be an option worth looking into. With this type of loan, the guarantor (often a close friend or family member) agrees to repay the loan if the borrower can’t. Since this reduces risk to the lender, guarantor loans can make it possible for those with poor or limited credit to qualify for an unsecured personal loan.

However, guarantor loans come with risks and costs — for both the borrower and the guarantor. Here are some things to consider before you apply for a guarantor loan.

Key Points

•   A guarantor loan allows individuals with poor or limited credit to qualify for an unsecured personal loan by having a guarantor, typically a friend or family member, who agrees to repay the loan if the borrower defaults.

•   The guarantor’s role is to reduce the lender’s risk, which can result in better loan terms for the borrower, but the guarantor must have good credit, stable income, and meet age and residency requirements.

•   Guarantor loans often come with higher interest rates than traditional personal loans, and the guarantor does not have access to the loan funds but is legally responsible for repayment if the borrower cannot pay.

•   Choosing a guarantor loan can help borrowers avoid expensive subprime loans and potentially build credit, but defaulting can negatively impact both the borrower’s and the guarantor’s credit and strain personal relationships.

•   Alternatives to guarantor loans include secured credit cards, flex loans, or borrowing directly from friends or family, each offering different benefits and risks, particularly related to credit building and financial stability.

What Is a Loan With a Guarantor

A guarantor loan is typically an unsecured personal loan that requires the primary borrower to have a financial backer, or guarantor. A guarantor may be required because the borrower has not yet established credit or has had credit issues in the past (such as a history of late or missed debt payments). It’s still considered the borrower’s loan, but the guarantor is legally obligated to cover payments and any other fees if the borrower defaults on the agreement.

This guarantee reduces the lender’s risk and enables them to advance the money at a reasonable annual percentage rate (APR). However, APRs for guarantor loans are generally higher than APRs for regular personal loans.


💡 Quick Tip: Need help covering the cost of a wedding, honeymoon, or new baby? A SoFi personal loan can help you fund major life events — without the high interest rates of credit cards.

How Do Guarantor Loans Work?

Guarantor loans work in the same way as other types of personal loans — you borrow a lump sum of money from a lender, which you are able to use for virtually any purpose. You then pay it back (plus interest) in monthly installments over a set period of time, which may be anywhere from one and seven years.

The only difference is that a third party (your guarantor) is part of the loan agreement. The guarantor is legally bound to make payments on the loan in the event that you default. A loan default is generally defined as missing payments for several months in a row but the exact meaning will depend on the lender.

While the guarantor bears responsibility for repaying the debt, this individual doesn’t have any legal right to the loaned money or anything purchased with the loan proceeds.

Are You Guaranteed to Get a Loan With a Guarantor?

Although it can certainly help your case, there’s no guarantee that you’ll qualify to take out a loan with a guarantor. Approval depends on the financial profiles of you and your guarantor and the eligibility requirements of the lender.

Who Can Be a Guarantor for Loans?

A guarantor doesn’t need to be anyone specific — it could be a parent, sibling, friend, or even a colleague. You generally want to choose someone you trust and feel comfortable openly discussing your finances with. That’s most likely going to be a family member or a close friend.

Guarantors also need to have a good credit history and typically be at least age 18 (though some lenders require a higher minimum age). Some lenders also require the guarantor to be a homeowner. As part of the application process, guarantors will need to undergo a credit check and provide proof of identification and income, as well as bank details and statements.

What Should I Look for in a Guarantor Loan?

Like any other loan, it’s generally a good idea to look for a guarantor loan with a competitive APR and low or no fees. You’ll also want to carefully consider the monthly payments and be sure you can comfortably afford to make them. While this is crucial with any loan, it’s particularly important with a guarantor loan, since your guarantor will be on the hook for repayment if you fall behind. This could impact your credit as well as put a significant strain on your relationship with your guarantor.

How Much Can I Borrow for a Guarantor Loan?

Many lenders offer personal loan amounts ranging anywhere from $500 to $50,000 (and sometimes up to $100,000 for borrowers with excellent credit). Loan amounts for guarantor loans will depend on which lender you choose as well as your financial situation and your guarantor’s credentials (such as their credit score and income).

Guarantor Loan Requirements

Guarantor loans have eligibility requirements such as minimum credit scores and income thresholds that the guarantor will have to meet. Here’s a closer look.

Credit Score

While the borrower’s credit score might be poor or fair, the guarantor’s credit score should be considerably higher in order to secure the loan.

Proof of Residency

A guarantor will need to provide proof of residency. This can be done by showing documents such as a utility bill, a mortgage or rental agreement, or bank statements.

Income

The guarantor will need to verify a consistent income that’s sufficient to make payments on the loan if the primary borrower cannot. They will need to be able to show proof of income through bank account statements, pay stubs, invoices, and/or tax returns.

Age Requirements

The guarantor must be at least 18 years old, though some lenders have an age requirement of 21 or 22. They will need to show proof of age (and identity) with a government-issued photo ID.

Recommended: How to Apply for a Personal Loan

Types of Guarantors

Guarantors aren’t just for personal loans, and they don’t always take on the full financial responsibility of the agreement they’re entering into. Here’s a look at some different types of guarantors.

Guarantors as Certifiers

A guarantor may act as a certifier for someone looking to land a job or get a passport. These guarantors pledge that they know the applicant and they are who they say they are.

Limited vs Unlimited

Acting as a guarantor doesn’t always mean you’re responsible for the entire loan if the primary borrower fails to repay it. Limited guarantors are liable for only part of the loan or part of the loan’s timeline. Unlimited guarantors, however, are responsible for the full amount and full term of the loan.

Lease Guarantor

A guarantor may be required to cosign an apartment lease if the renter has limited credit and income history. In the event that the tenant is unable to pay the rent or prematurely breaks the lease agreement, the guarantor is responsible for paying any money owed to the landlord.

Guarantors vs Cosigners

Guarantors and cosigners play similar roles in a lending agreement — they pledge their financial responsibility for the debt to strengthen the primary borrower’s application. And, in both cases, these individuals may become responsible for repaying the debt.

However, there are some key differences between a guarantor and a cosigner. The main one is that a cosigner is responsible for repayment of the debt as soon as the agreement is final and will need to cover any missed payments. A guarantor, on the other hand, is only responsible for repayment of the debt if the primary borrower defaults on the loan.

There are also differences in terms of credit impacts. A cosigner will have the loan added to their credit report and any positive or negative payment information that the lender shares with the consumer credit bureaus can have a positive or negative impact on their credit. Becoming a guarantor, on the other hand, will typically not have an impact on an individual’s credit unless the primary borrower defaults on the loan. At that point, the loan will appear as part of the guarantor’s credit report.

Pros and Cons of Guarantor Loans

Pros of Guarantor Loans

Cons of Guarantor Loans

Offers a lending option for people who cannot qualify for a loan on their own Can be more expensive when compared to a standard personal loan
Helps borrowers avoid expensive and risky predatory loan products Less choice of lenders compared with the wider personal loan market
Can help borrowers build their credit Defaulting on the loan could strain your relationship with the guarantor

A guarantor loan can allow you to borrow money even if you have limited or less-than-ideal credit. It can also help you avoid expensive and risky subprime loans that are marketed to borrowers with bad credit. In addition, the proceeds of a guarantor loan can be used for virtually any purpose, including emergency expenses (such as a car repair or medical bill) and lifestyle expenses (like a wedding or home improvement project).

As with all forms of credit, getting a guarantor loan can help you establish or build your credit, provided you manage the debt responsibly and keep up with your payments. Stronger credit can give you access to loans with better rates and terms in the future, without the need for a guarantor.

But these loans also come with some downsides. For one, guarantor loans can be expensive, often with higher APRs than other types of personal loans. Also, you’ll want to make sure you can keep up with the payments. Should you default, you’ll not only be hurting yourself but also the person who signed on as your guarantor.

Another downside is that there are fewer guarantor loans on the market than traditional personal loans. This can lead to less choice of lenders, making it harder to shop around and find a good deal.


💡 Quick Tip: Just as there are no free lunches, there are no guaranteed loans. So beware lenders who advertise them. If they are legitimate, they need to know your creditworthiness before offering you a loan.

What Happens if a Guarantor Cannot Pay?

A guarantor is legally obligated to repay the loan if the primary borrower defaults. If the borrower defaults and the loan is a secured loan, then the guarantor’s home could be at risk if the borrower defaults on the repayments and the guarantor is also unable to pay. This is not the case for unsecured guarantor loans, but the lender will still pursue the guarantor for the repayment of the debt, possibly through the courts.

Alternative Options to a Guarantor Loan

What if you don’t have a trusted person to ask to be your guarantor or you don’t want to ask anyone to take on this responsibility? Here are some alternatives to a guarantor loan that you could consider.

•   Secured credit card: If you have some cash, you could pledge that as collateral on a secured credit card. Responsible use of this type of credit card could help you build your credit history so you can improve your chances of future loan approval. Interest rates on secured credit cards can be higher than regular credit cards, and there may be fees associated with their use.

•   Flex loan: A line of credit that is similar to a credit card, a flex loan can also be used to build credit. Borrowers can use funds up to their credit limit, repay those funds, and borrow them again. Interest rates on flex loans tend to be high, and there may be fees assessed daily or monthly or each time the loan is used.

•   Loan from a friend or family member: Perhaps the person you ask to be a guarantor doesn’t want to take on that responsibility, but they are willing to directly loan you the money. A loan from family or a friend can be an option to consider, but you’ll want to be sure to have a written agreement outlining the expectations and responsibilities of both parties. This will go a long way to minimizing miscommunication and hurt feelings. Keep in mind that this is not an option that will help you build your credit history.

The Takeaway

Getting approved for an unsecured personal loan is more likely if you have a solid credit history, an above-average credit score, and sufficient income to satisfy a lender’s qualification requirements. If you’re lacking one or more of these things, you might consider other types of loans, which might include a guarantor loan.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

What are guarantor loans?

A guarantor loan is typically a type of personal loan that requires the primary borrower to have a financial backer, or guarantor. The guarantor agrees to pay the debt if the primary borrower defaults on the loan agreement.

How do I get a guarantor for a loan?

You might consider asking a trusted friend or family member to be a guarantor. This person should be someone who has solid credit and sufficient income to cover the loan payments should you default on the loan.

Are you guaranteed to get a loan with a guarantor?

No. Having a guarantor may strengthen a loan application, but it’s up to each individual lender to assess the qualifications of both parties.


Photo credit: iStock/fizkes

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

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