Nov
26
2023
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The Investor’s Guide to Navigating 401(k) Fees

By | Budgeting & Goals, invest, Preparing for Retirement | No Comments

Approximately 60 million Americans have 401(k) plans through their employer. But many of them aren’t aware of the fees these plans charge. In fact, the majority of investors have no idea how much they’re paying in 401(k) fees, according to a 2022 survey.

Learning about these fees is important because 401(k) fees can add up to tens of thousands of dollars over time and cut into your retirement savings. That’s why you’ll want to find out what these fees consist of and how much they are.

Read on to learn more about 401(k) fees and the steps you may be able to take to help reduce them.

Understanding the Basics of 401(k) Fees

401(k) fees are charged by the provider of your 401(k) plan and the investment funds within the plan. There are three main types of 401(k) fees: investment fees, administrative fees, and service fees. Here’s what these fees cover.

Investment fees: Sometimes also referred to as the expense ratio, investment fees cover an investment’s operating and management costs. These fees are deducted from the investment’s performance and are generally expressed as a percentage.

Administrative fees: These are used to cover the management of your account, including record keeping, accounting, and customer service, among other things. They may be a flat fee or a percentage of the account’s total balance.

Service fees: These fees cover additional services related to your 401(k), such as taking out a 401(k) loan or using financial advisory services. You are only charged these fees if you use the services.

The Impact of Fees on Your Retirement Savings

According to the Investment Company Institute, the average 401(k) participant is in a plan with fees of 0.55%. That means the fees on the average 401(k) account balance of $141,542 would be approximately $778 a year. Over 20 years, that would add up to $15,560 in fees. Over 30 years, fees would total $23,340.

As you can see, this could significantly reduce your retirement savings. And, of course, the greater your account balance, the more fees you would pay.

The types of investments you make will also affect the fees you pay. For instance investments that are actively traded tend to have higher fees, while those that are passively traded typically have lower fees.

How to Interpret Fees on Your 401(k) Statement

Fees are included in your 401(k) statement or prospectus, as required by the U.S. Department of Labor. They may be listed as “Total Asset Based Fees,” “Total Operating Expenses,” or “Expense Ratios.”

Fees should be listed for each investment in your plan. For instance, if a fund had 1.25% of Total Operating Expenses, that means 1.25% of the fund’s assets are used to cover the fund’s operating expenses. So for every $1,000 invested in that fund, the operating expense fees are $12.50.


💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

How Your 401(k) Fees Stack Up

Once you find the fees in your 401(k) plan, you can determine how they compare to standard 401(k) fees. Here’s a look at what 401(k) fees generally are.

What Are Typical 401(k) Fees?

401(k) fees are based on such factors as the size of the plan, the number of employees in the plan, and the provider offering the plan. These fees can run anywhere from 0.5% to 2%. As mentioned earlier, the average 401(k) participant’s plan fees are approximately 0.55%.

The Significance of Expense Ratios and Industry Averages

You may hear the term “expense ratio” and wonder what it is. An expense ratio is how much you’ll pay over the course of a year to own a particular investment fund such as a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund (ETF). This fee typically covers the cost of operating and managing the fund. In 2022, the average expense ratio for actively managed mutual funds was 0.66%.

Practical Ways to Minimize 401(k) Fees

While you can’t avoid 401(k) fees, there are some actions you can take to reduce their impact on your retirement savings.

Identifying and Reducing Excess Fees

The fee charged by the plan’s provider is a set fee, however, you may be able to lower the investment fees you pay. To do that, review the expense ratios for the different investment funds in the plan. Then, if it makes sense with your overall investment strategy, pick funds within the plan that have lower expense ratios and avoid funds with higher fees.

In addition, if you think the 401(k) fees charged by your plan are too high in general, speak to your human resources department and ask if they would consider switching to another 401(k) plan with lower fees. This may not be possible, but it doesn’t hurt to ask.

Addressing Hidden Fees in Your 401(k)

The fees in your 401(k) aren’t technically hidden. But they do go by names you may not be familiar with. Here’s how to spot them.

Tools for Uncovering Hidden Fees

The best way to find the fees in your 401(k) is to carefully read through your plan’s prospectus. You now know to look for investment fees or expense ratios, administration fees, and service fees. In addition, look for “12-b1” fees. You may find them fees listed under marketing and distribution. These fees are for the agent or broker who sold the 401(k) plan to your employer. 12-b1 fees are capped at 0.75% of a fund’s assets annually.

Understanding Revenue Sharing and Its Implications

Revenue sharing means adding non-investment fees to a fund’s operating expenses. A 12-b1 fee is one example of this. Revenue sharing fees typically pay for things like record keeping.

Not every 401(k) plan uses revenue sharing, and not all investment funds use them either. Revenue sharing tends to be more likely for actively managed funds rather than passively managed funds like index funds.

That means if you have more actively managed funds, you could be paying more than a colleague who has index funds.



💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with a traditional IRA. The money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

How Fees Affect Your Retirement Savings Over the Long-Term

401(k) fees can add up over the years, substantially reducing your retirement savings. And one percentage point in the amount of fees you pay can make a big difference.

Case Studies: The Cumulative Effect of Fees Over Time

Let’s say two individuals work for different companies with different 401(k) plans. Person A has a 401(k) that charges 0.50% in fees, and Person B has a plan that charges 1% in fees. If they each invest $100,000 over 20 years with a 4% annual return, 401(k) fees would reduce the value of Person A’s retirement savings by $10,000, while Person B’s retirement savings would be reduced by almost $30,000.

Proactive Measures to Safeguard Your Retirement Funds

In order to minimize the impact of fees on your retirement savings, find out what fees your 401(k) charges. Also, look at the expense ratios for each fund in the plan and choose funds with lower expenses if you can.

In addition, if you leave your job and move to a new employer, you may pay additional 401(k) fees if you keep your old plan with your former employer. And if you’ve changed jobs multiple times and left your 401(k)s with your former employers, then you could be paying 401(k) fees on multiple accounts.

Fortunately, there are steps you can take to avoid these 401(k) fees. You aren’t required to keep your account with your former employer, and you won’t be forced to liquidate it. Instead you could roll over your 401k into your new 401k plan with your new employer, or roll it over into an IRA managed by you.

The benefit of setting up a separate account is that the next time you change jobs, you will automatically have somewhere to rollover your 401(k). With your money in one place, you can more easily see whether you are on track to reach your retirement goals.

The Takeaway

401(k) fees could potentially cost you tens of thousands of dollars or more and substantially reduce your retirement savings. If you have a 401(k), it’s important to learn about the fees charged by your plan. Read over your statements and the plan’s prospectus to find out what and how much these fees are. If possible, choose investment fund options with lower fees to help save money.

And when you leave a job, rather than letting the 401(k) sit with your former employer, consider rolling it over to your new employer’s 401(k) or into a traditional or Roth IRA. One advantage of an IRA is that you will likely have more investment options to choose from and more control of your retirement funds.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.



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How to Set and Reach Savings Goals

By | Budgeting & Goals, Growing Wealth, money | No Comments

Whether you want to save money for a trip to Japan, a down payment on your first home, or the wedding of your dreams, you are probably going to need a well-funded savings account. And for many people, that means implementing and sticking to a savings strategy.

A great first step to saving money is defining your savings goals. What is it that you’re working for? Whatever the answer is, having a specific goal — and not losing sight of it — can help you reach it. While getting to the finish line may require some planning and discipline, the reward will likely be well worth the effort.

Because living your best life probably requires having money saved, here are some strategies you might find helpful when trying to set and reach your savings goals.

1. Identifying Your Goals

There are some savings goals that are nearly universal, like retirement and an emergency fund, and others that will be unique to you. Everyone’s finances and goals are different. Before you can reach your savings goals, it’s important to know what they are. This is the fun part — you may want to spend some time dreaming and planning here.

Next, you’ll want to list those goals in order of priority. Keep in mind, priority doesn’t necessarily mean which happens soonest (although it could). For example, even though retirement is far away, it will likely be the most expensive savings goal a person will have during their lifetime. Therefore, it may rank higher in priority than other savings “wants,” such as a new television or an exotic vacation.

Because many people won’t be able to save for each of their big goals right away, ranking them in order of importance can help you determine which to work on first.

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2. Determining Monthly Amounts

This is a necessary — and often eye-opening — exercise. First, list out your top two or three financial goals. Next, think about how much money you need to accomplish each goal and the time frame, in months, for accomplishing the goal. Then, divide the former by the latter.

For example, let’s say you want to save $6,000 for an emergency fund in one year (12 months), $10,000 for a wedding in four years (48 months), and $20,000 for a down payment in six years (72 months).

By dividing the savings goal by the number of months, you’ll find you need to save $500 per month for your emergency fund, $208 per month for your wedding fund, and $278 per month for your down payment.

This may be another exercise in prioritization, helping you hone in on what to focus on first.

Recommended: 10 Ways To Save Money Fast

3. Writing Down Your Goals

Research suggests that people who write their goals down are more likely to reach them than those who don’t. There could be a few reasons for this.

One is that a written list can serve as a practical reminder that you have goals to work toward. You can give yourself an extra visual cue by posting your goal (or goals) in a place where you’ll see it often, like on the fridge.

Writing down a goal may also help connect the creative, thinking part of the brain with the action-oriented and pragmatic parts of the brain. To translate your savings dreams into reality, it may be important to get as many parts of your brain and consciousness involved as possible.

You may find it valuable (and fun) to take this idea a step further and create a vision board for your goals.

Recommended: Savings Goals by Age: Smart Financial Targets by Age Group

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4. Tracking Your Progress

There’s an old saying that goes “what gets measured gets improved.”

If you truly want to get better at spending and saving, then you may want to track both your daily spending habits and your long-term progress on your savings goals. This may feel difficult at first, but will likely get easier with practice and as you hone the methods that work for you.

With daily or weekly spending habits, there are lots of ways to track how you’re doing. If you don’t know where to start, there’s always the old-fashioned way — with a pen and paper. This is a great way to really wrap your head around where your money is going, and the act of writing down each “spend” may actually help you to spend less. Or, you could collect receipts and enter your expenses in an Excel spreadsheet or Google Sheet. Or, even easier, you may want to get a budgeting app (like SoFi’s) for your phone or other mobile device. These tools connect to your bank and credit card accounts and automatically track and categorize your spending.

With savings goals, it’s also possible to track your progress via pen and paper or using a spreadsheet — simply write down your goal and jot down your progress every time you make a transfer to your savings account. Budgeting apps are also a great way to track your savings, since they automatically import your transactions when you link your bank account(s).

5. Celebrating Small Successes

To help avoid savings fatigue and to keep the fire burning, don’t forget to treat yourself along the way. Positive reinforcement might be an important element to your success.

How might you do this? You don’t have to wait until you’ve reached your big goal to celebrate — you can give yourself some love throughout the journey. For example, if the goal is to save $10,000, then you might celebrate when you hit $5,000 in addition to when you cross the finish line.

Celebrating can be as simple as treating yourself to a hot chocolate or the fanciest coffee in town, but it can help to find a way to give yourself that mental victory.

6. Automating

If you’re like many people, you’re busy and not wild about taking on another chore. So, what can we do to make saving money less of a chore? One potential way to do this is to automate.

Automating is a simple and powerful way to make progress toward savings goals without having to think about it all the time.

To automate your savings, you might set up a recurring transfer from your checking account to your savings account on the same day each month, ideally right after you get paid. Financial experts refer to this strategy as “paying yourself first.” If you wait until you’ve paid all your bills and done your spending for the month to make a manual transfer, you might (a) forget and (b) not have anything left to move to savings.

7. Choose a High-Yield Savings Account

As you work toward your financial goals, you’ll want to make sure to put your accumulating funds in a high-yield savings account to maximize your money. A high-yield savings account is a type of federally insured savings product that earns rates that are much better than the national average. This allows your money to grow faster and can help you reach your savings goals sooner.

Some banks offer special, high-interest savings accounts that earn better rates than traditional accounts. One of the best places to look for high-interest savings accounts is online banks. Online banks, which save significant costs by not having to maintain branches, rarely charge monthly fees. They also typically offer rates that are much higher than those paid by traditional banks.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


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SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below).

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to Direct Deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

Members without either Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, or who do not enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days, will earn 1.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


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8 Ways to Keep Your Finances Organized

By | Budgeting & Goals, money | No Comments

You try to set goals and stay on top of your finances. But sometimes life gets in the way and throws you off your game. You forget to pay a bill or accidentally overdraw your checking account — then kick yourself for getting hit with hefty fees.

Without an organized system in place, it’s easy to lose track of what’s coming in and going out every month. People with cluttered finances are more likely to miss payments, continue poor spending habits, and save less. Disorderly bills and budgets are not only stressful but can actually help drive you deeper into debt.

Organizing your money takes a little up-front time and effort but comes with a big payoff: It can help you live within your means, pay bills on time, reach your financial goals, and build wealth over the long term. Keeping track and organizing your finances also gives you a better sense of control over your financial life.

And, it’s not that hard to do, especially if you break the process down into small, manageable steps. What follows are eight effective ways to keep your finances organized and in check.

How to Keep Your Finances Organized

Whether you’re aiming to save for a big purchase, build an emergency fund, or invest for the future, a structured approach to managing your finances can make a significant difference. The following steps can help you stay on top of your financial life and save you money in the long run.

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1. Set Some Financial Goals

Having a few clear, realistic financial goals is essential for staying organized. Knowing what you want to accomplish in the next months and years can guide your financial decisions. You can break down goals — like paying down debt, going on vacation, or putting a downpayment on a home — into smaller tasks and set deadlines to track your progress. This strategy can help motivate you to stay focused and disciplined with your finances. For example, brown bagging lunch might not feel like a pain if you have your sights set on a winter getaway to Mexico.

💡 Quick Tip: Help your money earn more money! Opening a bank account online often gets you higher-than-average rates.

2. Create a Budget and Stick to It

One of the fundamental pillars of financial organization is creating a budget. Having a basic plan for spending and saving can lead to more financial freedom and a life with a lot less stress. Start by assessing how much, on average, is coming in and going out of your checking account each month. If you find that your monthly outflows tend to equal — or exceed — your monthly inflows, you’ll need to rejigger your spending.

There are all different ways to budget — the best approach is simply the one you’ll stick to. One simple framework is the 50/30/20 budget, in which you divide your monthly take-home income into three categories, spending 50% on needs, 30% on wants, and 20% on savings and extra debt payments. Once you have a budget in place, it’s a good idea to periodically check in and make sure you’re sticking to the plan.

3. Get Help From an App

There are a number of personal finance apps that are free to use on your phone and make it easy to organize your money. Basic budgeting apps, like Goodbudget, EveryDollar, and PocketGuard, allow you to connect with your financial accounts (including bank accounts, credit cards, and investment accounts), track spending, and categorize expenses so you can see where your money is going. Regularly reviewing your expenses will help you determine if you’re sticking to your budget plan, as well as identify any unnecessary costs and areas where you can cut back.

Automate Bill Payments

One way to make sure you always pay your bills on time is to automate the process. You can do this by setting up automatic payments for recurring bills, such as rent or mortgage, utilities, insurance premiums, and loan repayments. Simply log into each account and authorize the provider to debit your checking account or charge your credit card each month. Alternatively, you can use your bank’s online bill pay service. Just be sure to keep track of the payments you have automated, so you know when to stop them or update credit cards.

5. Put Saving on Autopilot

If you wait until after you pay your bills and do all your spending to move money into savings, you may not have anything left to transfer. Why not pay yourself first? Also known as automating your savings, this organizational step ensures you are always working towards your goals.

Simply set up an automatic transfer for a set amount of money from checking into a savings account each time you get paid. It’s fine to start small — since the transfer happens every month, even small deposits can grow to a significant sum over time. If you want to earn a competitive rate and pay the lowest fees on your savings, consider storing this money in an online savings account. Thanks to reduced overhead, online banks are typically able to offer more favorable returns than national brick-and-mortar banks.

💡 Quick Tip: Want a simple way to save more everyday? When you turn on Roundups, all of your debit card purchases are automatically rounded up to the next dollar and deposited into your online savings account.

6. Manage Mail as Soon as It Arrives

Despite living in a digital world, many important bills and documents likely still arrive in your regular mail. This might include stock statements, property tax bills, homeowners’ insurance bills, and medical bills. As a result, you’ll need a system for managing paper bills and statements. Generally, the most efficient way to deal with mail is to organize it as it comes in. You might create three “in” boxes or files labeled: “to pay,” “to file,” and “requires action.” Set a day and time each month to go through these boxes to make sure nothing gets ignored.

7. Organize Your Online Accounts

You likely have a number of online accounts — including bank and brokerage accounts, service provider accounts, and shopping accounts — each with a unique (a.k.a, hard-to-remember) password. It’s a good idea to make a list of all of your online accounts, including usernames and passwords, and keep it in a notebook stored in a safe place. Even better: Consider using a password manager tool, such as Dashlane, 1Password, or Apple’s built-in Keychain. These tools will start saving the passwords you use to log into your accounts and will automatically insert them into log-in forms. Typically, they will also generate hard-to-guess options when you sign up for new sites (no more “123456”).

Recommended: 11 Tips for Cleaning Up Your Finances

8. Make a Plan to Manage Debt

If you typically pay just the minimum on your high-interest debt, like credit cards, you are likely spending a lot on interest, while never getting ahead on your debt. Coming up with a system to knock down — and eventually eliminate — high-interest consumer debt can help you save money and make it easier to reach your financial goals.

To get a better handle on your debt, you may want to make a list of all your high-interest debts, including amounts owed and interest rate. Then focus your efforts on erasing one debt at a time while still making the minimum payment on all other debts. Where to start? You can use the debt snowball method and start with the smallest balance first, or use the debt avalanche method and pay down the highest interest debt first.

The Takeaway

If it feels like your money is all over the place and you’re living paycheck to paycheck without a plan, don’t get discouraged. You can get your financial act together one step at time.

By implementing some basic systems — like setting goals, creating a budget, automating payments and saving, and using an app that tracks your spending —- you can gain control over your finances and pave the way for a more secure financial future. Remember, financial organization is an ongoing process that requires consistent effort, but the rewards of financial stability and peace of mind are well worth it.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How do I organize my personal household finances?

You can organize your personal finances by setting up a budget and putting some simple systems in place. You might, for example, put all of your regular bills on autopay so you don’t accidentally miss a payment and get hit with late fees. It’s also a good idea to automate savings by setting up a recurring monthly transfer from your checking account into your savings account right after you get paid.

For statements and bills that still come by regular mail, consider setting up an organization station with three in-boxes: “to pay,”“to file,” and “requires action.” Set a day and time each month to go through these boxes to make sure nothing gets ignored.

How do I organize my monthly bills?

Start by making a master list of all of your regular bills, including the provider, billing amount, and due date. To simplify payment (and avoid late payments and fees), consider setting up autopay for each bill. If you prefer to handle payments yourself, set aside a day and time each month that’s dedicated to bill paying. A structured schedule will help you meet all of your deadlines. An alternate approach is to pay each bill as soon as it comes in, then file it away.


SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below).

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to Direct Deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

Members without either Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, or who do not enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days, will earn 1.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 1/24/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2025 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Nov
22
2023

Understanding Market Capitalization

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off on Understanding Market Capitalization

What Is Market Capitalization?

Market capitalization (market cap) represents the total market value of a company’s outstanding shares. A company’s market capitalization, or market cap, provides a good measure of its size and value versus revenue or sales figures.

Knowing what the market cap is for a given company can help investors compare it to other companies of a similar size.

Note the market cap (the value of a company’s total equity) is different than a company’s market value, which is a more complex calculation based on various metrics, including return-on-equity, price-to-earnings, and more.

Key Points

•   Market capitalization (market cap) represents the total market value of a company’s outstanding shares and provides a measure of its size and value.

•   Market cap helps investors compare companies of similar size and evaluate their potential risk and reward.

•   Companies are categorized into small-cap, mid-cap, large-cap, and mega-cap based on their market cap range.

•   Smaller companies (nano-cap and micro-cap) can be riskier but offer growth opportunities, while larger companies (large-cap and mega-cap) tend to be more stable.

•   Market cap can be calculated by multiplying the current price per share by the number of outstanding shares.

Market-Cap Categories

Analysts, as well as index and exchange-traded fund (ETF) providers commonly sort stocks into small-, mid-, and large-cap stocks, though some include a broader range that goes from micro or nano-cap stocks all the way to mega cap on the large end.

The size limits of these categories can change depending on market conditions but here are some rough parameters.

Nano-cap and Micro-cap Stocks

Nano- and micro-cap companies are those with a total market capitalization under $300 million. Some define nano-cap stocks as those under $50 million, and micro-cap stocks as those between $50 million and $300 million.

These smaller companies can be riskier than large-cap companies (though not always). Many microcap stocks trade over-the-counter (OTC). Over-the-counter stocks are not traded on a public exchange like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or Nasdaq. Instead, these stocks are traded through a broker-dealer network.

As a result there may be less information available about these companies, which can make them difficult to assess.

Small-cap Stocks

Small-cap companies are considered to be in the $300 million to $2 billion range. They are generally younger and faster-growing than large-cap stocks. Investors often look to small-caps for growth opportunities.

While small-cap companies have historically outperformed large-caps, these stocks can also be more risky, and may require more due diligence from would-be investors.

Mid-cap

Mid-cap companies lie between small- and large-cap companies, with market caps of $2 billion to $10 billion.

Some investors may find mid-cap stocks attractive because they can offer some of the growth potential of small-caps with some of the maturity of large-caps. But mid-cap stocks likewise can share some of the downsides of those two categories, being somewhat vulnerable to competition in some cases, or lacking the impetus to expand in others.

Large-cap

Large-cap stocks are those valued between $10 billion and $200 billion, roughly. Large-cap companies tend not to offer the same kind of growth as small- and mid-cap companies. But what they may lack in performance they can deliver in terms of stability.

These are the companies that tend to be more well established, less vulnerable to sudden market shocks (and less likely to collapse). Some investors use large-cap stocks as a hedge against riskier investments.

Mega-cap

Mega cap describes the largest publicly traded companies based on their market capitalization. Mega cap stocks typically include industry-leading companies with highly recognizable brands with valuations above $200 billion.

Recommended: Investing 101 Guide

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How to Calculate Market Cap

To figure out a company’s market cap, simply multiply the number of outstanding shares by the current price per share. If a company has 10 million outstanding shares of stock selling for $30 per share, the company’s market cap is $300 million.

Share prices fluctuate constantly, and as a result, so does market cap. You should be able to find the number of outstanding shares listed on a company’s balance sheet, where it’s referred to as “capital stock.” Companies update this number on their quarterly filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Market Cap Formula

The formula for determining a company’s market cap is fairly simple:

Current price per share x Total # of outstanding shares = Market capitalization

Remember that the share price doesn’t determine the size of the company or vice versa. When measuring market cap you always have to look at the share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares.

•   Company A could be worth $100 per share, and have 50,000 shares outstanding, for a total market cap of $5 million.

•   Company B could be worth $25 per share, and have 20 million shares outstanding, for a total market cap of $500 million.

Market Cap and Number of Shares

In some cases, market cap can change if the number of stocks increases or decreases. For example, a company may issue new stock or even buy back stock. When a company issues new shares, the stock price may dip as investors worry about dilution.

Stock splits do not increase market share, because the price of the stock is also split proportionally.

Changes to the number of shares are relatively rare, however. More commonly, investors will notice that changes in share price have the most frequent impact on changing market cap.

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re opening an investment account for the first time, consider starting with an amount of money you’re prepared to lose. Investing always includes the risk of loss, and until you’ve gained some experience, it’s probably wise to start small.

Market Cap Versus Stock Price

If you’re new to investing, you may assume a company’s share price is the clearest indicator of how large a company is. You may even assume it’s as important in choosing a stock as market cap.

While the share price of a company tells you how much it costs to own a piece of the company, it doesn’t really give you any hints as to the size of the company or how much the company is worth.

Market cap, on the other hand, might give you some hints about how a particular stock might behave. For example, large companies may be more stable and experience less volatility than their smaller counterparts.

Recommended: Intrinsic Value vs. Market Value

Evaluate Stocks Using Market Cap

Understanding the market cap of a company can help investors evaluate the company in the context of other companies of similar size.

For instance, as noted above market cap can clue investors into stocks’ potential risk and reward, in part because the size of a company can be related to where that company is in its business development. Investors can also evaluate how a company is doing by comparing its performance to an index that tracks other companies of a similar size, a process known as benchmarking.

•   The S&P 500, a common benchmark, is a market-cap weighted index of the 500 largest publicly traded U.S. companies.

•   The S&P MidCap 400, for example, is a market-cap weighted index that tracks mid-cap stocks.

•   The Russell 2000 is a common benchmark index for small cap stocks.

Within this system, companies with higher market cap make up a greater proportion of the index. You may often hear the S&P 500 used as a proxy for how the stock market is doing on the whole.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

What Market Cap Can Tell You

Here are some characteristics of larger market-cap companies versus smaller-cap stocks:

Volatility: Larger companies, also often dubbed blue-chip stocks, tend to be less volatile than smaller stocks and tend to offer steady returns. What’s more, compared to larger companies, they have relatively few resources, such as access to cheaper credit and access to liquidity.

Revenue: Larger stocks tend to have more international exposure when it comes to their sales and revenue streams. Meanwhile, smaller stocks can be more oriented to the domestic economy.

Growth: Smaller companies tend to have better odds of offering faster growth.

Valuation: Larger stocks tend to be more expensive than smaller ones and have higher valuations when it comes to metrics like price-to-earnings ratios.

Dividends: Many investors are also drawn to large cap stocks because companies of this size frequently pay out dividends. When reinvested, these dividends can be a powerful driver of growth inside investor portfolios.

Market Cap and Diversification

So how do you use market cap to help build a portfolio? Market cap can help you choose stocks that could help you diversify.

Building a diversified portfolio made up of a broad mix of investments is a strategy that can help mitigate risk.

That’s because different types of investments perform differently over time and depending on market conditions. This idea applies to stock from companies of varying sizes, as well. Depending on market conditions, small, medium, and large cap companies could each beat the market or trail behind.

Because large-cap companies tend to have more international exposure, they might be doing well when the global economy is showing signs of strength. On the flip side, because small-cap companies tend to have greater domestic exposure, they might do well when the U.S. economy is expected to be robust.

Recommended: Guide to Investing in International Stocks

Meanwhile, larger-cap companies could also be outperforming when there’s a downturn, because they may have more cash at hand and prove to be resilient. In recent years, the biggest companies in the U.S. have been linked to the technology. Therefore, picking by market cap can have an impact on what kind of sectors are in an investor’s portfolio as well.

What Is Free-Float Market Cap?

Float is the number of outstanding shares that are available for trading by the public. Therefore, free-float market cap is calculating market cap but excluding locked-in shares, typically those held by company executives.

For example, it’s common for companies to provide employees with stock options or restricted stock units as part of their compensation package. These become available to employees according to a vesting schedule. Before vesting, employees typically don’t have access to these shares and can’t sell them on the open market.

The free-float method of calculating market cap excludes shares that are not available on the open market, such as those that were awarded as part of compensation packages. As a result, the free-float calculation can be much smaller than the full market cap calculation.

However, this method could be considered to be a better way to understand market cap because it provides a more accurate representation of the movement of stocks that are currently in play. Many of the major indexes, such as the S&P 500 and the MSCI indices, use the free-float method.

Market Cap vs Enterprise Value

While market cap is the total value of shares outstanding, enterprise value includes any debt that the company has. Enterprise value also looks at the whole value of a company, rather than just the equity value.

Here is the formula for enterprise value (EV):

Market cap + market value of debt – cash and equivalents.

A more extended version of EV is here:

Common shares + preferred shares + market value of debt + minority interest – cash and equivalents.

The Takeaway

Market capitalization is a common way that analysts and investors describe the value and size of different companies. Market cap is simply the price per share multiplied by the number of outstanding shares. Given that prices fluctuate constantly, so does the market cap of each company, but the parameters are broad enough that investors generally know whether a company is a small cap vs. a mid cap vs. a large or mega cap.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


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FAQ

What is the maximum market cap?

In theory there is no cap on market cap; i.e. there is no maximum size a company can be. As of Aug. 21, 2023, the top five biggest companies by market cap, according to Forbes, are: Apple ($2.744 trillion), Microsoft ($2.353 trillion), Saudi Aramco ($2.224 trillion), Alphabet (Google) ($1.624 trillion), Amazon ($1.336 trillion).

How does market cap go up?

A company’s market cap can grow if the share price goes up.

Are large-cap stocks good?

The market cap of any company is neither good nor bad; it’s simply a way to measure the company’s size and value relative to other companies in the same sector or industry. You can have mega cap companies that underperform and micro-cap companies that outperform.

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Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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