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A reseller is a critical link in the commerce chain, purchasing items from manufacturers, dealers, and other businesses and individuals, and offering them for sale to consumers. Resellers may do business on major platforms like Amazon and eBay or via smaller outlets.

There are real profits to be had by setting up a resale ecommerce platform. However, it requires taking the right steps professionally, such as finding initial capital, establishing a supplier network, and marketing your services as a reseller. Read on to discover if this career could be right for you.

What Is a Reseller?

Resellers buy merchandise, such as clothes, shoes, toys, electronics, jewelry, and appliances, and resell it on online marketplaces or physical discount stores for profit. Online resellers often buy merchandise in bulk and at a discount from wholesalers and manufacturers. They then resell items individually on digital platforms like eBay and Poshmark.

Because the reseller does not manufacture the goods they sell, they typically have no production costs. However, they can face steep marketing costs. Depending on how well a seller manages these costs, they could see a steady stream of profits flowing into their checking account.

Another factor to consider is that resellers in the luxury goods or collector markets, such as watches, jewelry, or high-end fashion items, often have decades of industry experience and are experts in their field. They use this expertise to ensure the products they trade are authentic and not fake.

Recommended: 36 Places to Sell Your Stuff

How Does Reselling Work?

Resellers first have to source their merchandise or inventory. Some may seek liquidation pallets of customer returns or overstocks from big retailers. E-commerce resellers then market their inventory on their platform.

Once customers purchase products, the reseller ships packages and manages returns. Other than buying inventory, shipping and managing returns may be the biggest expenses for resellers, so they build these costs into their markups on the items they sell.

For luxury goods, like collectibles, watches, jewelry, and high-end fashion, resellers must authenticate the products to show that they are not fakes. Some buyers may only buy these items from dealers they know are trustworthy.

Recommended: 50/30/20 Budget Calculator

Common Reselling Industries

Practically any item you need or want can be found on the secondary market, except for perishables like food. Here are some common examples.

•   Apparel

•   Shoes

•   Luxury goods (high-end fashion, handbags, jewelry, and vintage jewelry)

•   Collectibles (wine, art, watches, whiskey, vintage cars)

•   Household goods (exercise equipment, household appliances, furniture)

•   Technology goods(smartphones, tablets, and tech accessories)

•   Electronics (stereo components, home entertainment systems)

•   Video games, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs

•   Vehicles

•   Baby products (toys, strollers, accessories)

•   Musical instruments

•   Power tools and garden equipment

Depending on what product you select to resell and how much time, energy, and investment you put into your business, reselling could be a job that pays daily or one that provides only occasional income.

Types of Resellers

Resellers assume various positions in the supply chain. To better understand what “reseller” means and what one does, here’s a look at the different types: wholesalers, retailers, and distributors.

•   Wholesalers: This involves buying products in bulk and at a discount from manufacturers or distributors. Wholesalers sell the products to retailers or resellers at a markup and in smaller quantities. They typically don’t sell directly to consumers.

•   Retailers: These professionals are further down the supply chain. Retailers buy from the wholesaler or distributor and sell directly to the consumer. They usually have a range of products and sell in small quantities.

•   Distributors: This involves buying products from manufacturers and selling them to others in the supply chain, usually wholesalers. Distributors tend to have close relationships with manufacturers who feature buying and marketing contracts with free samples and discounts.

Common Startup Costs for Resellers

Startup costs for resellers mainly involve sourcing inventory, storage, marketing, and shipping.

•   Inventory: The costs for inventory will depend on what you are selling. You will need significant capital if you plan to resell high-end items like designer handbags or jewelry. Clothing resellers will need capital to buy oversupply or liquidation pallets from big retailers like Nordstrom Rack or Costco or other wholesale clubs.

•   Storage costs: Resellers need to store their inventory, particularly if they buy in bulk from wholesalers.

•   Marketing: Marketing costs run high for resellers and focus on email outreach and ads, often on social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok.

•   Shipping: Shipping and returns may be the highest cost for resellers. Vendors need enough capital to ship items and cover returns costs.

Recommended: 15 Low-Cost Side Hustles

Reselling vs Dropshipping: What’s the Difference?

Reselling is different from dropshipping because the former requires owning and storing inventory, while the latter is more of a middleman. Here are the key differences between dropshipping and reselling.

•   A reseller buys stock from wholesalers or distributors to sell at a profit.

•   Dropshippers don’t ever take physical ownership of products. They accept orders from customers and then buy the products from suppliers who package and ship the products to the customers.

•   Dropshippers require less capital than resellers because they do not buy or stock significant inventory.

•   The potential returns for resellers are higher than for dropshippers. Because resellers buy in bulk, they pay less per unit to their supplier and add more mark-up. Dropshippers often may buy single items, which can be more expensive.

•   Reselling is riskier because merchants may be left with inventory that they cannot sell but that they have paid for and still need to store. In this situation, it could put a strain on money in your traditional or online bank account.

Pros of Reselling

The beauty of reselling is flexibility in the products offered and the ability to run one’s own business. However, the success of a reseller largely depends on the relationship between the reseller and the suppliers. If you can succeed at that, you may well be taking a step towards making quick cash.

•   Resellers can make money without having to manufacture a product.

•   Once a reseller has established suppliers, they can scale and acquire new customers and find new products to sell.

•   Reselling is flexible. Merchants can change the products they offer according to market demand and depending on how much inventory they carry.

•   Resellers can scale quickly if they have reliable suppliers and market demand.

•   Reselling can be a way to make money from home.

Cons of Reselling

The disadvantages of reselling are that merchants must work hard to build a network of reliable suppliers, and a steady income is not guaranteed.

•   Finding inventory at the right price could be difficult until a reliable supply chain is established. This could drain funds in your savings account if you haven’t planned adequately.

•   Resellers must work hard to negotiate deals with suppliers and build relationships.

•   Quality control may be difficult because sending products back to manufacturers will mean delays for customers.

•   Shipping and storage costs can be considerable.

•   Your earnings may fluctuate, especially if you sell seasonal products, requiring you to create an irregular income budget.

•   Resellers are self-employed and have no health or retirement benefits from an employer.

Do Resellers Work from Home?

Whether you can work from home depends upon your particular situation and the kind of items you are hoping to resell. If working from home is an important consideration, it might make sense to focus on small goods, such as fashion accessories, that don’t require much storage space.
Whether you can work from home depends upon your particular situation and the kind of items you are hoping to resell.What are ways I can make money from home.

Reselling Alternatives

Becoming an entrepreneur and achieving financial freedom by reselling can often involve starting with eBay. While eBay is a popular and successful platform, it’s not the only game in town. Some alternatives to consider include:

•   Craigslist

•   Etsy

•   Facebook Marketplace

•   Poshmark

•   Rakuten

•   DePop (clothing)

•   The RealReal (fashion)

•   Mercari (home goods)

•   Ruby Lane (vintage items)

The Takeaway

Reselling involves purchasing goods from a manufacturer, wholesaler, dealer, or other source and then selling it to consumers. Typically, the selling happens online. This is a broad industry and a competitive one, but the flexibility of the work and ability to scale quickly can be major benefits. The disadvantages are similar to any entrepreneurial venture. New resellers must find capital to set up their business, buy inventory, and market that inventory.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Is reselling best as a side hustle or full-time job?

Reselling can be a replacement for a full-time job, but it will take time to establish sourcing and learn how to make reselling profitable. It’s best to resell on the side until you are confident that your income is sufficient and you can afford to leave your full-time or part-time job. Remember, you will not receive employer benefits and contributions as an entrepreneur.

Is reselling considered “scalping”?

Scalping is a type of reselling where the seller takes advantage of an inelastic market (meaning one where there’s always demand, even if the price is high) to make a profit. For example, scalpers often resell tickets for a popular sporting event at a major markup. Because the tickets are scarce, people are willing to pay a lot to attend. While some resellers are scalpers, many charge a reasonable markup on goods.

Do you need to have a college education to resell?

You don’t need any qualifications to resell. Succeeding as a reseller takes hard work, an ability to negotiate and find suppliers, and good business sense. That said, a business degree would be an advantage and provide knowledge that would help you with accounting, budgeting, inventory management, and marketing.

Photo credit: iStock/Iryna Mylinska

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOBNK-Q424-096

Here comes Valentine’s Day, when your heart may be full of love but your bank account could be low on cash. How can you mark the day with a great gift that won’t further deplete your funds? You’re in the right place to find out.

Typically, February 14 triggers a spending frenzy. In 2024, spending on all things red, heart-shaped, or otherwise lovey-dovey was projected to hit $25.8 billion, according to the National Retail Federation. But to stick to a budget, consider this list of 15 sweet but affordable Valentine’s gift ideas.

Valentine’s Day Gifts on a Budget

Valentine’s Day has been celebrated for hundreds of years now, with the first messages declaiming love appearing in the 1500s. Commercially produced valentines swept across the U.S. in the mid-1800s and have been going strong ever since. The image of Cupid, the Roman god of love, with his bow and arrow, has been a long-time favorite representation, and birds (who often mate in February) also became a symbol of love.

These days, there’s no need to stick with those icons. Expressing your devotion can be done in an array of ways, often for very little cash that won’t blow your budget, as you’ll see in this list.

1. Sweet Treats

You could easily spend a bundle on top-tier chocolate truffles, but candy bars from the impulse rack at the checkout line can be equally satisfying. Put together a small bag of your honey’s favorite treats. Add a handmade card noting, “I’m sweet on you!” for a thoughtful and cute Valentine’s Day gift without going overboard or depleting your checking account.

2. Plant Power

While roses are a classic V-Day gift, price gouging can kick in around the holiday, making this a very expensive way to say “I love you.” Instead, why not avoid credit card debt and buy an adorable (and low-maintenance) potted succulent instead? It can show your affection and brighten your honey’s home. Look for them on Amazon or at The Home Depot or Lowe’s; they can cost just $7 each. Add tissue paper and some ribbon, and you’re good to go.

3. A Favorite Home-Made Meal

Skip the $100 dinner, and opt for a delicious meal at home. (Stash the money saved in an emergency fund or start a travel account with it.) Maybe that’s a chef’s recipe for three-cheese mac and cheese and a nice bottle of red wine or a good steak and salad with French vinaigrette. Choose something you don’t normally make that feels first-class but stays within a sensible budget.

4. S’mores

Here’s another affordable luxury that won’t bust your line-item budget on Valentine’s Day: While chocolates and fancy candy are delicious, sometimes a good old-fashioned treat from your childhood can feel more fun and meaningful. Grab a bag of marshmallows, graham crackers, and bar chocolate to roast over a fire.

Don’t have access to an open flame? No problem. Heat an oven to 350 degrees and layer a small baking dish with graham cracker squares, chocolate, and marshmallow halves. Repeat with another layer, topping it off with remaining marshmallow halves. Bake for nine to 11 minutes until marshmallows are puffed and golden brown on top.

5. An Over-the-Top Valentine’s Day Card

What’s an extravagant Valentine’s Day card? You know the splurge-y ones: Maybe they are three-dimensional, cut-paper pop-ups or encrusted with dried flowers. Some play music when you open them. Others are embossed with metallic designs. Whatever the details, even at their most expensive, they are likely to give you change on a $10 or $20 bill and put a smile on your sweetheart’s face.

6. A Handmade Valentine’s Day Card

On the other hand, what could be more wonderful than a handmade card? You might make a collage with magazine images or doodle a little drawing. When a heartfelt sentiment is added, that can be quite the Valentine’s Day keeper. And the money you saved vs. buying a major gift can go into your savings account for that vacation you two are planning.

7. Cupid Coupons

Show your appreciation for your significant other through cupid coupons to be cashed in for loving gestures. These money-saving coupons don’t skimp on thoughtfulness. You can make them for a 10-minute massage, cooking dinner one night, doing their laundry, or watching their favorite reality show (which you really don’t like) together.

Come up with different coupon ideas and place them in a decorative jar or envelope. Your partner can then redeem these gifts throughout the year.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Achieve Financial Security

8. Low-Cost Local Activities

There are plenty of fun, free activities that you can take advantage of locally. Head back to your favorite spot in the park for a stroll, or drive up to a local scenic overlook. Search your city for free museums (many museums have times or days when you can visit at no cost) or points of interest that you haven’t been to together.

9. A V-Day Party

Why not do a group Valentine’s Day happy hour at home? Ask friends to BYOB, and celebrate together with simple snacks. Whether you make it a surprise for your beloved or not, you’ll have fun as a group, and you won’t have to worry about spending a ton of money.

Recommended: 23 Ways to Make Quick Cash

10. Selfcare Supplies

Who can resist a little pampering? Head to a shop like Ulta or Sephora or look online at Amazon and other e-tailers for not-too-pricey moisturizers, masks, or shower gels. These often come in cleverly packaged sets for the Valentine’s Day holiday. These low-cost gifts are not only a treat for the recipient; their affordability can also make them a form of financial self-care for the gift giver.

11. A Love Letter

The written word goes a long way. If it’s been a while since you’ve confessed your love or you have yet to do so, express your feelings in a handwritten letter. Reflect on the past year with your bae, and tell them why they are so special.

If you’re short on words, write the top reasons why your partner makes you smile. Put each reason on a Post-it note, and leave them throughout their house or in their car.

12. DIY Roses

They may not smell as sweet as what Mother Nature makes, but LEGO Roses ($13) can be a fun gift. You can pre-assemble, or let your love go crazy building the 100-plus-piece blooms.

13. Scavenger Hunt

If you’re really crafty, come up with a scavenger hunt. You can make it themed according to your loved one’s favorite book, TV show, or movie. There’s nothing better than solving a Harry Potter-themed riddle that leads your partner to the Gryffindor House Cup or Tom Riddle’s diary.

Try coming up with four to five clues that lead to a small gift. A gift card to a local coffee shop feels more significant when you put together a scavenger hunt with your honey’s favorite things in mind.

14. Movie Night for Months

Research and write up a list of movies you’d love to watch together. Maybe they’ve never seen your favorite Hitchcock flicks or the “Lord of the Rings” saga. Leave a bunch of blank lines on your list for your love to fill in the movies they would like to stream with you, and have fun sharing together time while checking off each entry.

Trying to save money on streaming services? Check out services like Hoopla and Kanopy that can allow library-card holders to watch films for free.

15. Class Gift

Embark on an adventure together. Check your local library, community center, or arts organization for free or low-cost one-time classes, and sign both of you up. For instance, you might take a memoir-writing workshop, calligraphy tutorial, or strength-training class to spark a new hobby.

Valentine’s Day Explained

Curious about this holiday that’s all about love and how it got its name? Here’s a bit of history: Valentine’s Day may have been so named in honor of a priest who was martyred around the year 270. He was said to have signed a letter to his jailer’s daughter “from your Valentine” as that was his name. Legend has it that he befriended the young woman and healed her from blindness. His example may have helped to inspire today’s tradition.

Other versions of the day’s history also exist; no one is 100% certain of the origin.

Valentine’s Day by the Numbers

Here are a few interesting statistics related to the Valentine’s Day holiday and gift shopping:

•   Men spend $235, or almost twice as much as women do at $119, on average for Valentine’s Day.

•   In a recent year, Americans spent $6.4 billion on jewelry, $2.6 billion on flowers, and $4.9 billion on an evening out for Valentine’s Day, according to the National Retail Federation.

•   Online dating activity tends to be busiest on the first Sunday of the New Year (messaging on Tinder has seen a 22% surge in years past) and can stay strong until Valentine’s Day, perhaps signaling that many people don’t want to be alone on that holiday.

If you do decide you want to splurge this holiday, you might think of how to finance it. Cash back rewards could help, or perhaps you can get a bonus when opening a new checking or savings account at an online bank or elsewhere.

The Takeaway

You are now armed with great Valentine’s Day ideas that maximize the moment without blowing your budget. You might try writing an old-fashioned love letter, hosting a scavenger hunt, or even giving your sweetie some everlasting toy roses. With these tactics, being financially savvy doesn’t have to take a holiday while you celebrate.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOBNK-Q424-100

There’s no such thing as a good time to lose your job. Unfortunately, a layoff typically does not stop the influx of bills.

Luckily, individuals who find themselves in such a tough position have options. Before resorting to pulling out the big guns, like forbearance or other alternatives that can potentially hurt your credit, it’s worth taking a look at all of the choices on the table. That way, you’ll fully understand your options and their implications before making a move when you’ve lost your job and can’t pay your bills.

Assess Your Financial Situation

Whether you’ve lost your job or are in a precarious employment situation, getting your financial house in order is an important first step. Start by evaluating your current income and recurring expenses and looking for areas where you can cut back.

A good way to keep monthly spending in check is to create a budget, either on your own or with the help of a budget planner. If you’ve lost your job and your income has dropped, you’ll want to prioritize the essentials: food, utilities, housing, and transportation.

Explore Financial Assistance Options

Even with modified spending habits and a new budget, a loan due is a loan due — or at least a situation that won’t go away without dealing with it. Here are some options to consider.

Reaching for Lifelines

Even with modified spending habits and a new budget, a loan due is a loan due — or at least a situation that won’t go away without dealing with it. The reason you lost your job will form a fork in the road of sorts about how to proceed.

Unemployment Benefits

If you voluntarily quit without good cause, then unemployment benefits probably will not be available. But usually the first part of a survival plan for unemployment is to get into the system for unemployment, if possible. To get started, an unemployment benefits finder can help, as can exploring unemployment resources by state.

Hardship Loans

These types of personal loans are designed to help borrowers overcome a job loss or other financial difficulty. Whether they’re unsecured or secured, hardship loans for unemployed borrowers can provide much-needed funds during a difficult time. You may be approved within a couple of days and could receive the money in about a week or less.

Forbearance and Deferment Programs

Many lenders have forbearance and deferment programs in place for their customers, but it’s generally up to the customer to reach out and ask for help.

Forbearance — a pause in monthly payments toward a loan — is an option offered in many lending agreements. The terms vary, but it can open the door to a revised agreement that may allow for decreased or delayed payments for a specific period of time. Some lenders may even offer to reduce the interest rate charged on the debt.

On the surface, this sounds positive, but note that these options can significantly affect your credit scores. The impact depends on the type of loan and the lender. What’s more, interest will usually accrue and be added to your principal balance at the end of a forbearance period.

Communicate With Lenders

As we mentioned, it’s a good idea to contact your lenders as soon as possible if you’ve lost your job and are struggling to make your monthly payments. Discuss your situation with them, and explain how your job loss is impacting your ability to repay your debt.
Then explore options that may be available to you. Two strategies to consider:

•   Negotiate a reduced balance on the account. Most creditors would rather receive a partial payment than none at all. If you’re having a difficult time making ends meet, you may want to propose paying a lump sum for less than what you owe. If the lender agrees, be sure to get the arrangement in writing.

•   Ask about hardship programs. Depending on the lender, you may be offered relief measures like a lower interest rate, waived late fees and penalties, a temporary pause in payments, or lower minimum payments.

Explore Loan Modification or Refinancing

Instead of falling into potential debt traps like payday loans or credit cards with high interest rates, look for solutions that make monthly payments more affordable — without saddling you with hefty interest rates and fees. A loan modification or refinancing are two such options.

With a modification, a lender agrees to change your loan’s rate, repayment term, or both to an amount you can afford. For example, they may extend the number of years you have to pay back the loan, lower your interest rate, or reduce your principal balance. Keep in mind that lenders are under no obligation to offer loan modifications, and they’ll likely first require you to provide proof of financial hardship.

Another option is to explore refinancing opportunities. While it can be harder to qualify for refinancing when you don’t have a job, it is possible. Lenders like to see borrowers with a strong credit history and a good debt-to-income ratio. Asking a trusted friend or family member to be a cosigner may also help bolster your application.

As you weigh your choices, consider enlisting the help of a financial advisor or mortgage specialist who can help you find the solution that’s right for you.

Build an Emergency Fund

Losing a job can be stressful, but there are ways to prepare financially while you’re still employed. One effective strategy is to build an emergency fund.

There are several approaches you can use to help you establish a safety net, including:

•   Creating a budget — and sticking to it

•   Building a savings plan so you’re able to cover at least three to six months’ worth of unexpected expenses

•   Exploring high-yield savings accounts

•   Automating your savings contributions

•   Paying down debt

Seek Professional Guidance

If you’re struggling to pay off your loans after losing a job, you may think you have to figure out all the answers on your own. You don’t. Help is available.

•   Consult with a financial planner or credit counselor. These professionals can help you manage your finances after a job loss and get back on firmer financial ground once you land a new job.

•   Seek assistance from nonprofit organizations. Services vary by organization but may include resume building programs, education and training opportunities, and job placement programs.

•   Consider debt counseling or debt consolidation. With debt counseling, a professional will offer advice on your finances and debt, help you create a budget and debt management plan, and provide financial education. Debt consolidation is when you combine multiple debts into a single loan, ideally with a lower interest rate. However, it may lead to longer payment terms or involve fees.

The Takeaway

The main thing to remember for anyone who is out of work and still responsible for loans is: You are not alone. It might seem difficult, even impossible, but it is doable — and even the longest journeys begin with taking the first steps.
After you’ve started tracking your expenses, cutting back on costs, and reaching for lifelines through unemployment benefits and your lender, the next step in dealing with loan payments after a job loss is to explore your options. Rather than turning to potential debt traps like payday loans and credit cards, you might consider jobless loans.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOPL-Q424-055

If you need cash to cover an emergency expense, like a car repair or medical bill, a payday loan or an installment loan are two options you may consider. However, these two loans are different in key ways that are important to understand before making a choice between them. Namely, a payday loan tends to have a short turnaround before you need to pay it off, and typically offers extremely high interest rates.

We’ll explain more about the features of each loan type, and why people choose payday loans vs installment loans.

Understanding Payday Loans

There is no set definition of a payday loan. Generally speaking, they are short-term loans that are due to be paid back on your next payday. Payday loans don’t charge interest per se, but they do charge high fees.

Payday loans are typically for relatively small amounts. In fact, many states limit the amount of a payday loan to $500. Borrowers usually repay the loan in a lump sum on their next payday. The specific due date is often between two and four weeks from when the loan was made.

To repay the loan, borrowers must make out a post-dated check to the lender for the full balance of the loan plus any fees. As an alternative, borrowers can give permission for the lender to electronically debit the funds from their bank account on a certain date. If the borrower doesn’t repay the loan by the due date, the lender can cash the check or debit the funds. Either way, the lender gets paid.

In some states, borrowers may be able to roll over the amount of the loan, paying only the fees when it comes due, while the lender pushes out the due date.

To qualify for a payday loan, you generally need to be 18 years or older and have proof of income, a valid ID, and an active bank, credit union, or prepaid card account.

Risks of a Payday Loan

The risks of payday loans include sky-high fees and the potential for falling into a cycle of debt. Many states set a limit on payday loan fees, but they can still run from $10 to $30 for every $100 borrowed. Consider that a $15 fee for $100 is the equivalent of a nearly 400% APR.

By comparison, the average personal loan interest rate as of December 2024 is 12.33%, according to the Federal Reserve of St. Louis.

Pros and Cons of Payday Loans

Before signing on for a payday loan, carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages.

Exploring Installment Loans

When a borrower receives an installment loan, their lender will give them a lump sum upfront, which the borrower has to repay in fixed payments with interest over a set period of time.

Personal loans are a good example of an installment loan.

They can range in size from a few hundred dollars to $100,000, and the money can be used for any reason, from covering unexpected expenses or consolidating debt to remodeling a home. Repayment terms may stretch from a few months to a few years.

How Installment Loans Work

During the loan application process, lenders will consider factors such as a borrower’s credit score and reports, their income, and the amount and length of the loan.

Typically, borrowers with good credit scores will receive the best terms and interest rate options. These loans may have variable interest rates or fixed, meaning they don’t change over the life of the loan.

Installment loans may be secured or unsecured. Unsecured loans, such as unsecured personal loans, do not use collateral to back the loans. Secured loans do require collateral and may offer borrowers a lower interest rate since they present less risk to the lender.

Pros and Cons of Installment Loans

Personal installment loans tend to offer borrowers the option of borrowing at lower rates than are available through revolving credit or payday loans. However, it’s still important to consider disadvantages in addition to benefits.

Pros and Cons of Installment Loans

Eligibility requirements vary by lender, but generally speaking, you’ll need:

•   Proof of identity

•   Proof of income

•   Proof of address

Your credit score is an important factor, as it helps determine the interest rate you’re offered.

Key Differences Between Payday Loans and Installment Loans

By now you’ve likely got a good sense that installment loans and payday loans differ in some important ways. Here’s a side-by-side comparison.

Choosing the Right Loan for Your Needs

As you can see, there are important differences between payday and installment loans. Not sure which sort of loan is right for you? A good place to start is to determine what your short- and long-term financial goals are and which type of loan best aligns with them. Interest rates, terms, fees, and repayment options are all factors to consider.

You’ll also want to assess your repayment capabilities. Can your income cover your normal expenses plus the loan debt? Finally, check your credit score and the eligibility requirements of potential lenders to see where your application is more likely to be approved.

The Takeaway

Payday loans and installment loans both provide quick cash to cover emergency expenses. However, because of their astronomical fees — equivalent to a 400% APR — payday loans fall under the heading of “predatory lending.” On the other hand, installment loans vary in their terms but generally are a much better deal, provided that you meet eligibility requirements.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

Are payday loans installment loans?

No, payday loans usually require you to pay off the loan amount in full on your next payday, usually two to four weeks from when the loan was made.

What is an installment loan?

When you take out an installment loan, you immediately receive the money you’re borrowing. You then pay it back to your lender in a series of regular fixed payments known as installments.

Are personal loans installment loans?

Personal loans are one type of installment loan. Money from the loan can be used for any purpose, such as debt consolidation or a home remodel.

Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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Applying for a personal loan is a big financial decision — and it’s important to know exactly what you’re getting into before you sign any paperwork. Finance has vocabulary that may be unfamiliar to some people, which can make it difficult to understand.

This easy-to-reference glossary may help you read your new loan agreement with confidence and understand what each clause of the document means. From APR to cosigners vs. co-borrowers, we’ve got you covered.

What Is a Personal Loan?

Before we dive in, a quick bit of review to get us started: What is a personal loan? A personal loan is a closed-end loan that is disbursed in one lump sum and repaid in equal installments over a set amount of time.

There are many types of personal loans, and it’s common for them to be unsecured, which means there’s no collateral required.

People use personal loan funds for many reasons, from home renovations to debt consolidation to vacations.

What Are the Main Terms Used in a Personal Loan Agreement?

Understanding personal loan terminology will help you navigate the loan process with confidence.

Amortization

Amortization refers to listing the loan’s repayment schedule over the life of the loan, which the lender does when processing the loan. An amortization schedule lists the amounts of principal, interest, and escrow (if included in the loan) that each payment consists of.

A loan may be re-amortized, also. For example, the remaining repayments can be recalculated if you’re thinking of making a lump sum payment on the loan. You would be able to see the change in interest owed over the life of the loan and how much quicker the loan could possibly be paid in full. With this information, you could determine if the extra payment would be worthwhile for your financial situation.

Annual Percentage Rate

An annual percentage rate (APR) is the percentage of the loan principal you can expect to pay in interest over the course of a single year, including any additional fees that might be charged by the lender.

Application Fee

Some loans may require you to pay a fee when you apply for the loan. Not every lender charges an application fee, though, so it’s worth shopping around to find one that doesn’t.

Automatic Payment

Many lenders make it possible to set up an automatic bill payment that will be taken directly from your bank account on the loan’s monthly due date. This strategy can simplify your financial housekeeping — but make sure you’ll have enough funding in the account each month to avoid an overdraft.

Borrower

The borrower is the person or party who is borrowing money as part of the loan agreement. (Most likely, that’s you.)

Collateral

Collateral is an asset a borrower offers to secure a loan, making it less risky for the lender. For example, in a mortgage, the house is used as collateral — which is why a bank can seize and sell a home if the buyer goes into default, a process called foreclosure. Similarly, in an auto loan, the car is used as collateral, which is why it can be repossessed by the bank if the borrower fails to make the loan payments.

Co-borrower

If a loan applicant doesn’t have strong enough financial credentials to be approved for a loan on their own, they might choose to add a co-borrower to the application. This person, ideally with a more robust financial profile than the primary borrower, will also be financially responsible for the loan.

Co-borrowers are applying for a loan together and typically have shared ownership of the borrowed money or asset it purchased. For example, you and your spouse might apply as co-borrowers on an auto loan for a jointly owned car.

Cosigner

Similar to a co-borrower, a cosigner can help bolster the primary loan applicant’s chances of approval. A parent may be a cosigner on their child’s student loans. This person will be responsible for making the loan payments if the primary borrower fails to do so, but they have no ownership of the loan proceeds or asset they purchased.

Credit Agency

A credit agency, also known as a credit bureau, is a company that compiles information on individuals’ and businesses’ debts. These are the companies that calculate and report credit scores to creditors that make an inquiry.

The three main credit bureaus are Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. You can request a full credit report from each of them once a week at no charge, which you can access at AnnualCreditReport.com .

Recommended: Everything About Tri-Merge Credit Reports

Credit History

Credit history refers to the broad scope of your experience with debt. Positive credit history is one that shows timely payments on debts owed to creditors. Negative credit history will reflect missed or late payments on debts. Some people, typically young people who have never taken on debt, will have no credit history. However, there are ways to build credit over time.

Credit Report

A credit report is a document that details your credit history, including both open and closed accounts, on-time or late payment history, accounts in default or collections, bankruptcies, liens, judgments, and other financial information. It’s important to check your credit reports regularly to detect any incorrect information and correct it as early as possible.

Credit Score

Your credit score sums up your creditworthiness with a numeric score.

Lenders most commonly refer to your FICO® Score, which can range from 300 to 850. VantageScore, which uses the same scoring range, is also used by lenders, but less commonly.

The higher your credit score, the less of a credit risk lenders tend to assume you will be. The average credit score of U.S. consumers is 717 (FICO).

Debt Consolidation

Debt consolidation is an approach to debt repayment wherein you take out one larger debt — like a personal loan — in order to pay off multiple, smaller debts such as credit cards. Doing so can help simplify your monthly finances by having fewer payments to make. You could potentially pay less in interest than you would on the former debts or lower your monthly debt payments, making it easier to meet your financial obligations each month.

Default

Defaulting on a loan means failing to repay it as agreed (for example, not making payments at all), and can lead to a loan going into collections.

Fixed Interest Rates

Fixed interest rates are those that don’t change over time. You’ll pay the same set amount of interest on the loan for its entire term. Comparing rates on personal loans from several lenders is a good way to find a rate that works with your financial situation.

Floating Interest Rates

Floating interest rates rise and lower in accordance with the market. They might also be called adjustable or variable interest rates.

Guarantor

A guarantor is similar to a cosigner or co-borrower in that they can bolster the strength of a loan application. Like a cosigner, a guarantor has no ownership of the loan proceeds or asset purchased with them. The biggest difference between a cosigner vs. guarantor is that a guarantor is only called upon to repay the loan if the primary borrower goes into default.

Gross Income

Your gross income equals the money you earn each year from working, investment returns, and other sources before deductions or withholding.

Installment Loans

Installment loans are loans that are repaid in regular monthly installments. Personal loans, auto loans, and mortgage loans are examples of installment loans.

Interest Rate

The interest rate is the base percentage charged when borrowing money. It does not include fees or other charges that may be associated with a loan.

Hard Credit Check

A lender will perform a hard credit check, or hard inquiry when you apply for a loan or open a line of credit. A large number of hard credit checks in a short period of time can have a negative effect on your credit score.

Late Payment

A late payment is a debt payment made after its due date. Since payment history is one of the most important factors used to calculate your credit score, late payments can have a major negative impact on your credit score.

Lender

The lender is the party lending the money, whether that’s a bank or credit union, or a friend or family member.

Line of Credit

If you don’t need a lump sum of money at one time, a line of credit might be an option when looking for financing. Lines of credit have limits, but the borrower can draw funds as needed instead of all at once. The borrowed funds can be repaid and borrowed again, up to the credit limit.

Recommended: Personal Loan vs Personal Line of Credit

Loan Agreement

The loan agreement is the legally binding contract you sign with your lender to initiate a loan. It will include details about each party’s rights and responsibilities. For the borrower, it may include the loan amount, interest rate, APR, potential fees and penalties, the payment schedule, and other information. It’s important to read the loan agreement carefully and ask questions about anything that you don’t understand.

Origination Fee

Some lenders might charge an origination fee when a loan is initiated — an up-front fee that remunerates the lender for the work of setting up the loan. These fees are typically a percentage of the principal and vary by lender.

Payday Loans

Payday loans are a type of short-term loan, typically for small amounts, meant to fill in a financial gap until the borrower’s next payday.

Despite their relatively low balances, these loans can be exorbitantly expensive. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau says their rates can typically hover around 400% APR. Payday loans are usually worth avoiding in favor of other, lower-cost loan options.

Payment Terms

The payment terms of a loan are the terms and conditions the borrower agrees to when signing a loan agreement. Your payment terms can include how long the loan will last, how much will be repaid each month, the amount that can be charged for late payment, and other loan details.

Prepayment Fees

Prepayment fees, or penalties, are sometimes charged by lenders when a borrower pays their loan in full before its final payment due date. The lender will not make as much profit from the loan if the borrower pays it off early, and a prepayment fee is a way to recoup some of that loss.

Principal

The principal amount of a loan is the amount borrowed, not including interest or fees. For example, if you take out a personal loan for $10,000, that $10,000 is the principal amount. You’ll pay the lender more than that over the lifetime of the loan with interest factored in.

Revolving Credit

Revolving credit allows you to borrow funds as needed, up to your credit limit, making at least a minimum payment each month you have a balance. Credit cards are a common form of revolving credit.

Secured Loan

A secured loan requires the borrower to pledge collateral, an asset owned by the borrower, to the lender as a guarantee that they’ll repay the loan. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can take ownership of the asset in repayment of the loan. Common examples of secured loans are mortgages or auto loans.

Unsecured Loan

The foundation of unsecured personal loans is trust. The lender trusts that the borrower will repay the loan without requiring collateral to back up that promise. Unsecured loans can come with higher interest rates than secured loans, however, because they present additional risk to the lender.

The Takeaway

When you’re acquainted with personal loan vocabulary, you have a better chance of getting a personal loan that fits your unique financial situation and needs, and understanding your loan agreement before signing it.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

What is personal loan terminology?

Personal loan terminology is terms and definitions of words and phrases you might see in a loan agreement or other documents related to a personal loan.

What are the main terms used in a personal loan agreement?

Common references in a personal loan agreement are principal, interest, APR, origination fee, borrower, and lender.

What is the definition of a personal loan?

A personal loan is a closed-end loan disbursed in one lump sum and repaid in equal installments over a set amount of time.

Photo credit: iStock/nd3000

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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