How to Stage a House: 8 Steps

Selling your home? If so, you likely want to do everything in your power to make it look great and trigger solid offers ASAP. Staging your home can be one key contributing factor to achieving that.

When you stage your home, you optimize its look and design. This allows potential buyers to visualize the house as their own. It makes it look like a place they aspire to put down roots. (Yes, decluttering and removing some of your personal mementos may be involved.)

According to a National Association of Realtors® survey, 89% percent of buyers’ agents said staging a home made it easier for a buyer to visualize the property as a future home.

Want to learn more? Here’s a step-by-step guide to how you can stage your home.

8 Steps to Stage a House for Sellers

Follow these tips for staging your home and impressing prospective buyers.

1. Take Stock of Needed Fixes

If a house requires considerable repairs, a seller may face a lengthy negotiation process with buyers that results in concessions and contingencies. Any issues flagged by an inspection will also need to be addressed with prospective buyers.

Deciding whether to make these fixes beforehand will affect how a home is staged and perceived by buyers. Even relatively small issues like cracks in a ceiling and a dripping faucet can raise concerns and influence a buyer’s impression. That’s something to be wary of, especially in a hot housing market when many buyers want to snag a home quickly.

Taking care of these common home repairs before house staging can show buyers that you’ve maintained the property and keep their focus on its strengths.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t overpay for your mortgage. Get your dream home or investment property and a great rate with SoFi Mortgage Loans.

2. Enhance Curb Appeal

Before buyers walk through the door, they’ll have already formed an impression from the home’s curb appeal, the attractiveness of a property from the sidewalk or street.

Buyers may even do a drive-by before setting up a showing to narrow down their search. Thus, sprucing up a home’s exterior, lawn, and landscaping is essential to any plan for how to stage a house. Even in winter, curb appeal matters.

Any eyesores, such as chipped paint, cracked windows, or clogged gutters could discourage buyers from taking a closer look. Power-washing any siding and applying a fresh coat of paint where needed are some possible quick improvements.

Thinning out lawn decor, replacing burned-out lights, and tidying up gardens and landscaping are also low-cost ways to increase curb appeal.

For many prospective buyers, their first look into your home will be digital. High-quality photos can be helpful in attracting buyers.

Staying on top of things like lawn care while the home is listed could make a difference in getting more showings and securing a higher offer. In fact, 98% of NAR members say they believe curb appeal is important to potential buyers.

3. Remove Clutter

While working on house staging, you may also be encumbered with the home-buying process or figuring out what to do with all your stuff after it’s sold. In either case, staging is an opportunity to jumpstart the moving process and declutter the house.

Removing clutter is a popular staging tactic to make the interior of a home appear more spacious. A home’s square footage can’t be fabricated, but curating a more open layout can give the impression of a larger space.

Begin by packing away items that you don’t use daily, like seasonal clothes, knickknacks, sports equipment, and other odds and ends. This is also a chance to identify anything you want to sell, donate, or dispose of.

Storage space of a home can also be a major selling point. Instead of loading up the basement, garage, and closets, sellers may want to consider asking family members or friends to store their belongings, hosting a garage sale, or renting a storage unit.

Recommended: How to Refresh Your Home Room by Room

4. Depersonalize the Space

Cutting back on personal items is an important step in staging a house. While decluttering the home, stowing away family photos and clothing is a good place to start. Removing subtler items like personal toiletries can further neutralize the space.

That lavender paint in one room and turtle-themed wallpaper in another? It might be best to create a more basic canvas.

The point is to show that the home is move-in ready and an open book for buyers to add their personal touches. With just the integral furniture and furnishings remaining, it’s easier for buyers to imagine themselves moving in and living there.

5. Do a Deep Cleaning

Once the decor and furnishings have been minimized, it’s time to get the house squeaky clean. While this is one of the more cost-effective ways to stage a house, it can take significant time and energy.

To streamline the process, consider starting with the highest surfaces and working your way down. Overhead fixtures like lighting and ceiling fans are often overlooked in regular cleaning routines, and thus accumulate lots of dust and grime. It’s likely that cleaning these hard-to-reach places will bring debris down on countertops and floors.

Bathrooms and kitchens are key rooms to focus on. Water stains and mildew in sinks, tubs, and showers are obviously a no-no. Making sure appliances sparkle and that countertops are spotless can give the kitchen a fresh new look.

💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show proof of prequalification to the real estate agent. With SoFi’s online application, it can take just minutes to get prequalified.

6. Define Every Space

While the kitchen, bathroom, master bedroom, and garage are straightforward in their purpose, some spaces in a home may not have an obvious use to prospective buyers.

Thinking about how to stage spare rooms and unconventional spaces is important. For example, staging such a space as a home office or workout room could appeal to a larger segment of buyers.

7. Stage Where It Matters Most

Not every room holds equal weight from the homebuyer’s perspective. Prioritize the living room, primary bedroom, kitchen, dining room, and yard; real estate agents say these are of most interest to buyers.

The kids’ rooms and basement? Spend less time and energy there.

Recommended: Home Appraisals: What You Need to Know

8. Don’t Forget Outdoor Space

While the front of a house determines curb appeal, the yard, porch, or patio space can sell buyers on the lifestyle they could enjoy there.

The backyard is a popular place for entertaining and socializing, especially for families with kids. Tidying up the yard and addressing any safety issues like a wobbly porch railing or broken fence could be easy fixes.

Setting up a focal point, such as an outdoor seating area, fire pit, or grill, can make the space more inviting. Even if it’s a limited yard or patio space, brightening it up with flowers and comfy outdoor furniture can change the perception from confined to cozy.

Recommended: Guide to Buying, Selling, and Updating Your Home

The Takeaway

How to stage a house? It can take time and energy, but emphasizing a home’s strengths and creating an inviting atmosphere can be done with some thorough cleaning, decluttering, and rearranging.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Is the Difference Between Pending and Contingent Offers_780x440

What Is the Difference Between Pending and Contingent Offers?

People often use the terms “pending offer” and “contingent offer” interchangeably, but there is actually a difference when you are talking about real estate.

When a property is said to be contingent, that means the seller accepted an offer that is contingent on particular conditions requested by the buyer. These conditions could involve anything from an inspection to financing.

If, however, you see a house on the market switch to pending, there’s a different status involved. The seller has accepted an offer, and all contingencies have either been waived or addressed.

Yes, the distinction may be subtle. However, the bottom line is, neither status actually means a property is sold. If you have found your dream home and it says “contingent” or “pending,” there is still a chance you could snag it.

Contingent Offers vs. Pending Offers

Here’s a closer look at the difference between contingent and pending offers.

What is a Contingent Offer?

When a home’s status switches to contingent, it means contingencies stand in the way before the deal is done. If closing on a home is a race, then buyers still have miles ahead of them when they enter the contingency process.

There are many types of contingencies buyers can include in their offer that make it easier for them to back out of a real estate deal, but these are some of the most common:

•   Financing contingency. The buyers put some money or the promise of a mortgage behind their offer, right? This condition ensures that if the buyers aren’t approved for a mortgage, they’re not on the hook for finding cash to buy the property.

Some buyers choose to have a preapproval letter in hand to make the financing contingency move faster.

•   Inspection contingency. A home inspector is paid to search the property top to bottom to uncover any issues. With a home inspection report in hand, buyers can ask the sellers to solve the issues or give them a credit against the purchase price of the home.

With this contingency, buyers can also walk away from a deal based on the findings of the inspection. Alternatively, if both parties don’t come to an agreement on repairs or credits, they can terminate the deal.

•   Appraisal contingency. In order to secure financing for a home, it must be professionally appraised for the value of the offer or more. If the home appraises for less than the offer, the buyer can either make up the difference in cash, negotiate with the seller for a lower offer, or walk away from the deal.

Recommended: What Is a Mortgage Contingency?

•   Home sale contingency. If buyers need to sell their existing home to help finance the purchase of a new home, they may include a home sale contingency in the offer. That means if an offer on their home falls through, they’re no longer on the hook to buy the home they made an offer on.

Contingencies are in place to protect buyers and sellers in the event of snags throughout the negotiation process.

Prospective buyers can include as many contingencies as they like in an offer, and if the sellers agree, the buyers will need to work through each one before they make it to closing.

For people salivating over a hot property that looks taken, contingencies may signal opportunities for a deal to fall through. If you have your heart set on a home that’s contingent, you can hold out hope. Thanks to contingencies, there’s a chance the existing offer will fall through.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t overpay for your mortgage. Get a great rate by shopping around for a home loan.

What is a Pending Offer?

Just because a home is pending doesn’t mean the deal is done. A home often enters pending status once buyer contingencies are cleared, but it can also enter pending status immediately if a buyer makes an offer without contingencies.

A pending home sale may still fall through, but the buyer and seller have worked through most of the contingencies. For a pending sale to fall through, there likely has been an unexpected issue with the inspection or financing.

In fact, a pending home is still on the market. The listing agent and seller can choose to continue showing the home and even accept other offers, even if its status is pending. However, this is largely up to the sellers and their agents.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Guide

Can Pending and Contingent Homes Take Other Offers?

If a home is contingent and the buyers are still working through the inspection, financing, or selling their current home, a competing buyer can make a backup offer on the property. If the initial offer falls through for any reason, the seller can take the other buyer up on their offer.

It’s up to the sellers whether they will accept a backup offer or not, but if the buyer loves the property, it can’t hurt to ask.

In many markets, a home with pending status means it’s not open to additional offers, but the deal isn’t sealed. It’s not over till it’s over, so the buyers could still back out based on their contingencies, as outlined above.

(A home could be marked “pending, taking backups,” indicating that the seller is still showing the house and accepting backup offers.)

When a home is pending or contingent, it’s not against the law for another buyer to ask for a tour, express interest in the home, or even make a competing offer. But compared with a home that is not under contract, it is less likely that a competing buyer will get the property.

While you may make offers on these properties, buyers don’t get your hopes up. Depending on how close the buyer and seller are to closing, it’s not legally possible for the seller to accept another offer.

Additionally, the closer a home gets to closing, the more complicated competing offers can be. This is when a seasoned real estate agent may come in handy. They will understand the market, process, and legalities better than most first-time buyers do and how to navigate a hot housing market.

Recommended: Guide to Buying, Selling, and Updating Your Home

The Takeaway

Contingent vs. pending: Though some use the words interchangeably, the two statuses are different. A contingent deal may have a long way to go, as buyers firm up financing, await an appraisal, or sell their current home. A pending property is nearer to closing, but the deal still isn’t final.

Buyers eyeing a dream property may hold out hope that contingent or pending deals fall through. In that case, having everything set up for a backup offer could pay off.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Can Investors Receive Compounding Returns?

Compounding returns can help the money you’ve invested grow, as long as those returns are reinvested.

Compound returns depend on the rate of return–meaning how much the investment gains or losses over time. The most powerful effects of compounding returns take time, even decades. That’s why people are often encouraged to start investing at an early age, even with small amounts. The longer their money is invested, the more compounding it can do.

How can investors receive compounding returns? Here’s how the process works and steps to take to achieve it.

What Are Compounding Returns?

Compounding returns are the earnings you continuously receive from contributions you’ve made to an investment.

Compound returns can be achieved by any type of asset class that produces returns on both the initial amount–or the principal–as well as any profits or returns that are generated after the initial investment. Essentially, the money you put to work is doing additional work automatically for you.


💡 Quick Tip: If you’re opening a brokerage account for the first time, consider starting with an amount of money you’re prepared to lose. Investing always includes the risk of loss, and until you’ve gained some experience, it’s probably wise to start small.

How Does Compounding Interest Work?

Compound interest, on the other hand, refers to interest that accrues on savings accounts. (There isn’t such a thing as compound interest in stocks.) So, for instance, if you have a savings account that pays interest on the principal in the account, the interest you earn gets added to the principal. That means, your interest ends up earning interest–or compounding.

The Value of Compounding Returns

Here’s a hypothetical example that illustrates the idea of compound returns. (However, be aware that this is only for an investor making profits. In reality, an investor could also experience losses.)

Let’s say an investor buys a stock that costs $1,000. That’s the investment’s “principal.” In the first year, they earn a 10% return. The stock is now worth $1,100. Things start to get interesting in the second year, when the stock increases in value another 10%, bringing the stock’s value to $1,210.

That’s $110 in profit earned in the second year, compared to $100 in the first year. This happened even though they did not add any additional money to the investment, and they earned the same compound rate of return. The investment simply grew over the previous year, creating a larger base from which to earn more.

If the investor were to earn a 10% rate of return the third year, the profit would be even greater than in the previous two years. Working off a larger base—now $1,210—a 10% return will yield a profit of $121.

But keep in mind that investments that hold stocks may experience volatility. Take the example from above. Three consecutive years of precise 10% returns is highly unlikely. In fact, it’s also possible for investors to lose money on their investments, which is the case in almost any asset class. While helpful for understanding the concept of compound returns, it’s not necessarily reflective of the real-world experience.

Recommended: A Beginner’s Guide to Investing in Your 20s

How to Get Compound Returns

With compound returns, the reinvestment of interest may be done automatically or manually.

Here are some examples of investment types that can earn compound returns.

Stocks: There are two ways to make money on a stock. The first is through price appreciation, and the second is through dividend payments. When the value of a stock grows over time, an investor has the potential to earn compound interest if those profits are reinvested. With cash dividend payments, compound returns are not automatic, as they are paid out in cash, but an investor can add the payouts back in in order to potentially earn additional returns.

Mutual funds: Mutual funds are pools of stocks, bonds, or other investment types. For example, a mutual fund could invest in the U.S. stock market. Over time, the goal is that the mutual fund grows as the underlying investments grow. Many mutual funds give the option of automatic dividend reinvestment plans. This way, the investor can earn compound returns in both ways, on the price appreciation and the dividend payments.

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs): Similar to mutual funds, ETFs are pools of investments, like stocks. As the value of the ETF grows over time, returns will compound. Depending on which bank or institution where the ETF is purchased, it may or may not be possible to automatically reinvest dividends.

Remember, with all investments, a good return on investment is not guaranteed, even profits aren’t. Plus, investments that tend to earn a higher potential return may also come with higher risk.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Which Products Offer Compound Interest?

Here are some examples of the types of accounts that earn compound interest.

High-yield savings accounts: Some high-yield savings accounts pay interest on cash balances. With these accounts, it is possible to earn interest on top of interest earned in previous months, therefore earning compounding returns.

Money market accounts: These accounts combine features of both a savings and a checking account. For instance, you may be able to write checks or use a debit card with a money market account. You earn interest on the balance in the account.

CDs: With a CD, or Certificate of Deposit, you place your money in the account and leave it for a specified period of time, which is usually anywhere from three months to five years. While the money is in the account, it earns a guaranteed amount of interest that typically compounds.

Bonds: You can buy different types of bonds such as US Treasury Bonds. In return for buying the bonds, the issuer pays you compound interest over a certain period of time, which can be as long as 30 years until the bonds mature.

The Takeaway

Compound returns can be a powerful way for your money to grow over time. When you invest your money in stocks or other asset classes, you have the potential to earn compounded rates of return. And the longer you invest, the more time your returns may have to compound.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

Do stocks compound daily?

Compound return is a measure of a stock’s performance over time. Compounding often happens monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually.

What is the average compound interest return?

The average compound interest return depends on the types of savings vehicles you have.

What is the difference between arithmetic and compounding returns?

With arithmetic returns, you take the difference between the ending value of an investment and the beginning value of the investment and divide it by the beginning value. Compound returns depend on the rate of return–meaning how much an investment gains or losses over time.



Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

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Marginal vs. Effective Tax Rate

Marginal vs Effective Tax Rate

When it comes to figuring out how much you’ll pay to the IRS, it helps to understand the difference between marginal and effective tax rates. Marginal tax rate is the rate of tax imposed and is based on your income. Your effective tax rate is the percentage of your income you actually pay in taxes.

Knowing how to calculate marginal vs. effective tax rate can give you perspective on how much you’re paying in taxes. You can also use the comparison between the two to look for opportunities to maximize tax savings.

Marginal vs Effective Tax Rate: What’s the Difference?

Comparing effective vs. marginal tax rate can be a useful way to see what you’re paying in taxes compared to how you’re being taxed. In terms of the key differences, here are some of the most important things to know when assessing marginal tax rate vs. effective tax rate.

•   Purpose. Marginal tax rates determine the tax rate that you’re subject to, based on your income. Your effective tax rate reflects the percentage of income you pay in taxes.

•   Calculation. Your marginal tax rate is calculated by applying the appropriate tax rate to each level of income you have. Effective tax rates are calculated by dividing your tax liability by your taxable income.

•   Range. Marginal tax rates range from 10% to 37%. There is no upper or lower limit for effective tax rates; they’re typically lower than marginal tax rates.

•   Application. Your marginal tax rate can give you an idea of how much tax you’re likely to pay in dollar amounts, based on your filing status and what you earned for the year after deductions and exemptions are taken out. The effective tax rate lets you see how big (or small) a share of your income went to taxes.

Marginal Tax RateEffective Tax Rate

•   Marginal tax rates determine how much you pay in taxes, based on income.

•   They’re calculated by applying tax rates to each level of income.

•   The highest marginal tax rate is 37% while the lowest is 10%.

•   Marginal tax rates can help you estimate how much tax you owe.

•   Effective tax rates reflect the percentage of income paid in taxes.

•   They’re calculated by dividing taxes paid by taxable income.

•   There is no highest or lowest effective tax rate.

•   Effective tax rates can help you see how much of your income goes to taxes.

What Is a Marginal Tax Rate?

The marginal tax rate is the amount of tax that applies to each additional dollar of income earned. The higher your income, the higher your marginal tax rate ends up being.

The U.S. uses a progressive tax system in which your tax rate increases as your taxable income increases. Taxable income is the amount of income subject to tax, after deductions and exemptions are factored in. Your marginal tax rate corresponds to your tax bracket, which is determined by your income and your filing status.

As of 2023, there were seven tax brackets, ranging from 10% at the lowest end to 37% at the highest. Marginal tax rates increase once you cross certain income thresholds. A difference of just one dollar can determine whether you land in a higher or lower tax bracket.

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How Does Marginal Tax Rate Work?

Marginal tax rates work by determining which tax rate applies at various income levels. As mentioned, they’re based on taxable income only. The more tax credits and tax deductions you’re able to claim, the more you can reduce your taxable income for the year.

When you file your tax return, your taxable income, minus deductions and exemptions, is what determines which marginal tax rates you pay. Different marginal tax rates can apply for each tier of income you have across different tax brackets.

Are you wondering, What tax bracket am I in? Here’s how marginal tax rates add up for tax years 2022 and 2023.

2022 Tax Brackets

Tax Rate

For Single Filers

For Married Individuals Filing Joint Returns

For Heads of Households

10%$0 to $10,275$0 to $20,550$0 to $14,650
12%$10,276 to $41,775$20,551 to $83,550$14,651 to $55,900
22%$41,776 to $89,075$83,551 to $178,150$55,901 to $89,050
24%$89,076 to $170,050$178,151 to $340,100$89,051 to $170,050
32%$170,051 to $215,950$340,101 to $431,900$170,051 to $215,950
35%$215,951 to $539,900$431,901 to $647,850$215,951 to $539,900
37%$539,901 or more$647,851 or more$539,901 or more

Here are marginal tax rates for the 2023 tax year.

2023 Tax Brackets

Tax Rate

For Single Filers

For Married Individuals Filing Joint Returns

For Heads of Households

10%$0 to $11,000$0 to $22,000$0 to $15,700
12%$11,000 to $44,725$22,000 to $89,450$15,700 to $59,850
22%$44,725 to $95,375$89,450 to $190,750$59,850 to $95,350
24%$95,375 to $182,100$190,750 to $364,200$95,350 to $182,100
32%$182,100 to $231,250$364,200 to $462,500$182,100 to $231,250
35%$231,250 to $578,125$462,500 to $693,750$231,250 to $578,100
37%$578,125 or more$693,750 or more$578,100 or more

Calculating Marginal Tax Rates

Calculating marginal tax rates is a simple process that requires you to do two things.

•   Calculate your total taxable income for the year

•   Apply the appropriate marginal income tax rates to each level of taxable income

For example, say that you and your spouse made $100,000 in 2022. You file a joint return and claim the standard deduction, which is worth $25,900. That reduces your taxable income to $74,100.

Here’s how your marginal tax rates would apply:

•   $20,550 x 0.10 = $2,055

•   $53,550 x 0.12 = $6,426

In this example, you’d be subject to two marginal tax rates: 10% and 12%. Your total tax owed based on the marginal tax rate calculation would be $8,481. The higher your income, the more tax rates you’d be subject to.

What Is an Effective Tax Rate?

The effective tax rate, also referred to as average tax rate, is the total tax paid divided by taxable income. Average tax rates tell you how much of your income you paid in taxes overall.

Your effective tax rate includes federal taxes but excludes other taxes you pay, such as:

•   FICA taxes (which stands for Federal Insurance Contributions Act payroll taxes)

•   State and local taxes

•   Self-employment tax

Compared to marginal tax rates, determining your effective tax rate can be a simpler calculation. Average tax rates are usually lower than marginal tax rates due to the way each one is determined.

How Does Effective Tax Rate Work?

Effective tax rates tell you what percentage of your income you paid in taxes, after deductions are taken out. In other words, they’re a way to gauge how much of your money the IRS takes for taxes each year relative to what you earn.

There’s no standardized chart that breaks down effective tax rates. They’re different for every person, since they’re dependent on your income, the deductions and exemptions you claim, and the amount of tax you pay based on your marginal tax rate.

You can, however, compare your effective tax rate vs. marginal tax rate charts to get a sense of how they differ. Again, you will likely see that even though you may be in a higher tax bracket, the actual percentage of income you pay in taxes is a lower number.

💡 Recommended: 7 Types of Income: All You Need to Know

Calculating Effective Tax Rates

Determining your effective tax rate is a fairly simple calculation. It requires you to know two things:

•   Your annual income

•   Your federal tax liability

To get your effective tax rate, you’d divide your federal taxes paid by your taxable income. Again, this is income after deductions which reduce your taxable income.

Going back to the previous example, a married couple had an income of $100,000 which was reduced to $74,100 after taking the standard deduction. If you divide the $8,481 they paid in taxes by their $74,100 in taxable income, you’ll see that their effective tax rate works out to 11.44%.

Tips for Paying Your Taxes

Knowing how to prepare for tax season can make the process of filing your return easier. Here are a few tips that can help you get ready for tax filing with less stress.

•   Get organized. Keeping track of receipts, paystubs, and other forms means you’ll have everything you need to file once tax season begins. Starting the process early can prevent a potentially anxiety-provoking rush to figure out what is a W-2 and whether you received the 1099s you need to complete your return.

•   Track income. If you’re self-employed or have a side hustle, it’s a good idea to keep your own records for income even if you expect to get one or more IRS Form 1099.

•   File early. Filing early can help you get your refund faster if you’re owed one since you’re beating the rush. It might also reduce the risk of being targeted by scammers looking for potential tax fraud victims. Once your done, those fraudsters’ messages won’t distract you.

•   Get help if you need it. If you need tax season help, tax filing software programs can make putting your return together easier. Or you might want to work with a professional tax preparer.

If you’re looking for free or low-cost options, you can find a list of resources at the IRS website.

•   Choose direct deposit. If you’re getting money back when you file, direct deposit can be the fastest way to get paid. For example, a refund from an electronically filed return could be with you in less than three weeks.

The Takeaway

Understanding the difference between marginal tax rate vs. effective tax rate can give you perspective on where your hard-earned dollars go. Marginal tax rates show you the different percentages of taxes you may pay on your income, while effective tax rate tells you how much of your income you paid in taxes overall.

While you’re working on your return, consider how you can make the most of a refund if you expect to get one. One smart move: Deposit it into a SoFi Checking and Savings account. When you open an online bank account with us, you’ll earn a competitive annual percentage yield (APY) and pay no account fees, both of which can make your money grow faster. What’s more, you will spend and save in one convenient place and also have features like Vaults and Roundups which can further help your financial life flourish.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Between marginal and effective tax rates, which one is higher?

Marginal tax rates are usually higher than effective tax rates. Your effective tax rate takes into account taxes you’ve paid as well as amounts you deduct. For example, you might have a marginal tax rate of 35% but an effective tax rate of 27%.

How can I lower my effective tax rate?

Claiming more deductions can lower your effective tax rate. For example, if you normally claim the standard deduction, you might consider how you could reduce your taxable income by itemizing things like charitable contributions or interest paid on a mortgage loan.

What does it mean if the effective tax rate is negative?

A negative effective tax rate means that you have no income the IRS can tax or that even after tax was applied, you got money back in the form of a refund. Getting a tax refund isn’t necessarily a bad thing. However, it does mean that you’ve effectively lent the government your money tax-free all year. You can avoid getting a refund by adjusting your tax withholding on your W-4 form.


Photo credit: iStock/FG Trade Latin

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Where to Keep Emergency Funds

Where to Keep Emergency Funds

An emergency fund can help you cover life’s curveballs when an unexpected financial situation comes your way. You may be wondering where to keep your emergency fund until you actually need it.

You could stuff your emergency savings under the mattress or in a piggy bank, but a bank account can be a smarter way to save. The best account for emergency fund savings is one that offers you convenient access to your money, a competitive rate on deposits, and minimal fees.

Weighing some of the different banking options can help you decide where to put emergency funds.

Where to Keep Emergency Funds

Now, where to keep an emergency fund? There are different places you could keep your rainy-day money. When making a decision, it’s important to consider what works best for your lifestyle. And you’ll also want the security of knowing your money is safe, so it can be best to bank at a financial institution that is insured by the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) or NCUA (National Credit Union Administration).

With that in mind, here are five possibilities you might consider when looking for the best account for emergency funds.

💡 Trying to figure out how much to save? Check out the emergency fund calculator for help.

1. Traditional Checking or Savings Accounts

You might consider keeping emergency savings in a traditional checking account or savings account at a brick-and-mortar bank. On the pro side, that could make it easier to access your money in an emergency. However, you may not get the best rate for your money. Also, checking accounts often don’t earn you any interest, and their accessibility can make it tempting to dip into the funds for something that isn’t a true emergency.

Traditional banks are not known for offering the highest annual percentage yields, or APYs, on savings accounts either. You’re also more likely to pay a monthly maintenance fee for a traditional savings account than one at an online bank.

2. High-Yield Savings

High-yield savings accounts offer above-average rates on balances. For example, you might find a savings account with an APY that’s five, 10, or even 20 times higher than the national average.

It’s more common to find high-yield savings accounts at online banks vs. traditional banks. That’s because online banks tend to have lower overhead costs so they’re able to pass on savings to their customers. You’re also less likely to pay a monthly fee for a high-yield savings account.

Of course, you won’t have branch banking access with an online savings account. You may, however, be able to access your account via an ATM card or debit card, or by transferring funds to a linked account.

Earn up to 4.00% APY with a high-yield savings account from SoFi.

No account or monthly fees. No minimum balance.

9x the national average savings account rate.

Up to $2M of additional FDIC insurance.

Sort savings into Vaults, auto save with Roundups.


3. Bonds

A bond is a type of debt instrument. When you buy a bond, you’re agreeing to let the bond issuer use your money for a set time period. In return, the issuer agrees to pay interest back to you.

Bonds can be attractive since you can earn decent interest rates on savings. However, they’re not great for accessibility since you have to wait for the bond to mature to get your money back.

You could cash out a bond early but that might mean forfeiting some of the interest you could earn. So you may want to consider bonds for money that you’d like to invest, versus money that you might need to tap into for emergencies.

4. Certificate of Deposit (CD) Accounts

A certificate of deposit or CD is a time deposit account. When you put money into a CD, the bank agrees to pay interest on your balance over a set time period. Once the CD matures, you can either withdraw your initial deposit and the interest or roll it all over to a new CD.

CDs can be a reliable way to save, since interest rates are guaranteed. However, your money is locked in for the entire maturity term. If you need to break into a CD early, your bank may charge an early withdrawal penalty. That could cost you some or all of the interest earned.

If you’re interested in using CDs for emergency savings, you might consider a CD ladder. Laddering CDs means opening multiple CDs with different maturity terms. That way, you always have a CD maturity date on the horizon. CD laddering could also help you to capitalize on rising interest rates since you can roll expiring CDs into a new account with a higher APY.

5. Money Market Accounts

Money market accounts combine features of savings accounts with checking accounts. For example, you can earn interest on balances and you might also get a debit card or paper checks that you can use to access your money.

A money market account can offer flexibility since they’re easier to access than bonds or CDs. And you might find money market accounts at online banks that offer rates comparable to what you could get with a high-yield savings account or CD. However, read the fine print: There may be minimum account opening and balance requirements as well as monthly fees to be paid.

If you’re considering a money market account for your emergency fund, consider the fees. An online money market account might be preferable for minimizing what you pay in fees while getting a competitive rate. Remember, the best account for an emergency fund will be the one that suits your specific needs.

The Takeaway

Having an emergency fund can help you sleep easier at night if you know that you’re covered should an unexpected expense crop up. If you’re looking for the best emergency fund savings account option, you can start with your current bank then compare it to other banks. Look for a combination of high APY and low (or no) fees to make the most of your money.

For instance, you might consider opening an online bank account with SoFi. With our Checking and Savings account, you can spend and save in one convenient place, plus you’ll earn a competitive APY on balances while paying no account fees, which can help your cash grow faster. One other terrific benefit: Qualifying accounts can get paycheck access up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What type of account is the safest for emergency funds?

A bank account at an FDIC-member bank is the safest option for holding your emergency fund. FDIC insurance protects your deposits in the rare event that your bank fails. Accounts that can be FDIC-insured include savings accounts, money market accounts, checking accounts, and CD accounts. NCUA serves a similar function insuring credit union accounts. Both offer $250,000 coverage per depositor, per account type, per insured institution.

Should I open a separate bank account for my emergency fund?

Opening a separate bank account for an emergency fund can be a good idea if you’re worried that you might be tempted to spend savings that are mingled with other funds. Having a separate savings account that’s linked to your checking account can allow for easy transfers. You’ll also continue earning interest until you need the money.

Should emergency funds be kept in cash?

Keeping an emergency fund in cash can be problematic as it increases the risk of the money being lost or stolen. You’re also not earning any interest by keeping emergency funds in savings. What’s more, certain emergency expenses might need to be paid using a check or debit card, which would still require you to deposit your cash into a bank account at some point.


Photo credit: iStock/dobok

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

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