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Q: What Is A Will?

Simply speaking, a will (also known as a last will and testament) is a legal document that details what you want to be done with your possessions after your death.

Jun

2023

How to Make a Will: 7 Steps

By Anna Davies | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off

It’s easy to put off writing a will. The process can seem complicated, not to mention expensive. And, if you’re single and don’t own a house, you may also feel like a will is unnecessary.

But writing a will actually doesn’t have to take a lot of time, or money. And even if you don’t have a lot of assets, having a will can give you peace of mind that your preferences will be followed.

Here’s what you need to know to write your own will.

What Is a Will?

Simply defined, a will (also known as a last will and testament) is a legal document that details what you want to be done with your possessions after your death. Your will may also identify a guardian if you have young children, as well as an executor, the person who will carry out the terms of your will.

What a will doesn’t cover is any asset in which you’ve designated beneficiaries. Named beneficiaries override a will. For example, if you designate all your property to go to your parents but you have a life insurance policy in which your brother is listed as a beneficiary, your brother will get the life insurance payout while your parents would get the rest of your assets.

There are other important documents people may create at the same time as they create a will, and are all a part of an estate plan. These include:

• Living will If you were to become incapacitated, what are your preferences as far as medical treatments? This document legally outlines your wishes.

• Power of attorney If you are unable to make decisions for yourself, who has the authority to make those decisions on your behalf? Power of attorney may be divided into medical power of attorney — the person who has power to make medical decisions for you — and financial power of attorney. Both can be the same person.

• Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order This document communicates that, in the event of your heart no longer beating or you no longer being able to breathe independently, that you do not want doctors to perform any life-saving action.

• Organ and tissue donation If you were to die, would you want your organs and tissue to be donated? Having a form explicitly stating your wishes can make it easier for loved ones to fulfill your desires, instead of guessing what they think you would have wanted.

Not all documents need to be filled out at once. For example, some people may only fill out a DNR order if they have a terminal illness or are unlikely to recover.

Dying Without a Will

Even if you think you own nothing of great value and you’re still working on money management, chances are you do your own things that matter to your family. And if you die without a will, your loved ones may become involved in a complicated court process that will freeze your assets until state inheritance laws are followed.

If you’re single and die without a will, your assets will likely go to your closest blood relatives, which may be your parents or siblings. While this may be the preferred choice for some people, having a will allows you to earmark certain assets (or pets) for a charity or close friends.

It’s also a final chance to communicate your wishes to your loved ones and allows your loved ones to avoid a potentially drawn-out court process.

Dying without a will can become even more problematic if you have children. If you die without a will, the court will appoint a guardian. And, while the court attempts to choose a guardian with the best interest of children in mind, that choice may not be the same choice you would make.

How To Create a Will

Below are simple steps that can help you make a will.

1. Choosing How You’ll Create Your Will

For people who own a lot of property or assets, and may want to set up trusts as a way to minimize taxes and ensure their heirs follow their wishes, it can be well worth the investment to hire an attorney who can walk them through the basics of estate planning.

However, online templates and will-creating platforms can be sufficient for many people. These DIY options can be much less expensive than working directly with an attorney and are legal and binding provided they are signed appropriately. Some of these online options are even free.

Recommended: How to Write a Will Online in 8 Steps

2. Making a List of Your Assets

In order to leave property to your loved ones, you need to know exactly what you have. So it can be a good idea to start by making a list of all your significant assets, including jewelry, artwork, real estate/land, cars, and bank accounts that don’t name a beneficiary.

If you have retirement funds and/or life insurance, you don’t need to write out who is going to receive the proceeds, as these require naming beneficiaries within the account or policy.

3. Being Specific About Who Gets What

Once you have a list of all your assets, you can decide who you would like to get what. Here, it’s helpful to be as specific as possible, such as using full names and being detailed in describing the assets.

4. Considering Guardianship

For many parents, including pet parents, guardianship can be the most fraught element of their will. This can be a decision that takes time.

For example, some parents love the bond their children have with their grandparents but worry about how aging parents would handle the physical stressors of raising young kids. Other parents may wish to appoint a sister or brother who already has children, so their own kids can be brought up alongside other children. There is no wrong answer, but thinking through contingencies and what-ifs can be helpful in making the most informed decision.

It can also be a good idea to discuss the idea of guardianship with the intended recipient. Maybe a single uncle loves your kids but is uncomfortable taking on the role of parent, or maybe grandparents have similar reservations as to their fitness for taking on the role.

5. Choosing an Executor

Naming an executor for your will is an important choice. This is the person who will make sure that the wishes laid out in your will are followed. The duties of an executor include paying any remaining bills and debts, distributing your assets, and handling probate (transferring the titling of assets).

If you wish, you can name more than one person as an executor of your will.

6. Signing Your Will and Storing it in a Safe Place

A will is only legal when it is made legal — that is, printed and signed according to instructions. You generally need to sign a will in the presence of at least two witnesses. In some cases (such as if you’re using a document called a “self-proving affidavit” to simplify the process of going through probate court), your signature must be notarized as well.

You’ll also want to make sure you keep copies as directed. Many people keep a physical copy in a safe place, as well as a digital copy. Some might also share their will with their executor, or tell them where it is so it can be easily and quickly accessed if you were to die unexpectedly.

7. Updating Your Will as Appropriate

As your life changes, you may need to return to your will and update it. This could be due to:

• Asset changes. Buying a house, opening an investment portfolio, and other financial moves may lead you to revisit your will.

• Relationship changes. If you get married or have a serious partner, you may want to change your will to reflect that.

• The addition of children or pets to your family.

• The death or incapacitation of an appointed guardian.

It can also be good practice to assess your will after every life change, or every year or so. To update a will, you can either write what’s called a codicil (essentially a document stating any updates, written and signed by witnesses) or create a new will, depending on the extent of the changes.

The Takeaway

While the topic of death and end-of-life wishes can seem overwhelming, creating a will can be relatively straightforward. And, thanks to the many online templates now available, you can often make your own will for a relatively low flat fee, or even for free.

The process of writing a will typically includes coming up with a list of assets, choosing where you’d like each asset to go, as well as choosing a guardian (if you have children) and an executor of your will.

While you may not think you need a will, having one (and updating it as appropriate) can be a gift to your loved ones when they may need it most.

As you get your affairs in order, you may also want to get your financial life organized. One simple step that can help is opening an online bank account, such as SoFi Checking and Savings. With SoFi Checking and Savings, you can spend, save, and earn a competitive annual percentage yield (APY) — all in one place. Plus, you won’t pay any annoying account fees.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

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The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

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Jun

2023

Top 10 Fun Things to Do When Visiting Philadelphia

By Jason Steele | Budgeting & Goals, credit card | Comments Off

Philadelphia is perhaps most known for its historic sites, like the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall. It certainly played a role in the birth of our nation, but it has much more to offer as a travel destination. There’s amazing museums, street art, markets, and more to enjoy, plus incredible food, including those Philly cheesesteaks.

If you’re planning on spending time there, whether a weekend or a week, you’ll want to time it right and do some smart planning to make sure you get the most for your money. Here, you’ll learn about some of the fun things to do when visiting Philadelphia, plus ways to have a memorable trip.

Best Times to Go to Philadelphia

The best time to go to Philadelphia is in the spring, from around March to May. The average temperatures during this time are in the 50s to low 70s. The weather is warm without being too hot, and it’s not too crowded with tourists.

Early fall can also be a nice time to visit before it gets too cold, with average temperatures in the same range.

You might also considering visiting when some of the city’s biggest events are happening:

• The Philadelphia Flower Show in March

• The Kensington Derby and Arts Festival in May

• The Odunde Festival in June, the largest African-American street festival in the nation

• The Philly Bike Ride in October.

Bad Times to Go to Philadelphia

Winter is the least busy time to go to Philadelphia since it can get very cold and snowy.

However, because of this, hotel prices may be lower, so it may be enticing if you’re looking for how to save money on hotels in Philadelphia.

Summer travel is also a less desirable time to go to Philadelphia because of the crowds and hot weather, which can be in the 80s and humid. But if you don’t mind the warm temperatures, you’ll find plenty of tourists soaking up this historic city.

Average Cost of a Philadelphia Vacation

Philadelphia can be pretty affordable for a city destination. It’s possible to visit Philadelphia at nearly any budget. If you want a central location, Center City is a popular place to stay, with hotel prices around $500 to $600 a night during a weekend in May. If you’re looking for a more affordable place to stay, check out hotels near Fairmount Park, which can run between $300 to $400 for the same weekend.

What about a longer trip? In terms of total costs, not including getting to and from Philadelphia, expect to pay $1,319 for one person for one week, and $2,638 for a couple. If you’re budgeting for a trip and ready to start saving, you should think about where to keep travel funds. A high yield savings account can be a good choice as it keeps your money secure and earns interest; online banks often offer the best rates.

You may want to avoid “book now pay later” travel options if possible, and instead try to save money ahead of time so that you don’t pay extra in interest.

If you’re thinking about booking a trip to Philadelphia but are worried that you may have unforeseen circumstances and have to cancel your trip, you can look into travel insurance. If you pay for your trip with certain credit cards, they may provide travel insurance for certain situations. You should understand how credit card travel insurance works when deciding whether to purchase private travel insurance or use your credit card protections.

10 Fun Must-Dos in Philadelphia

There’s a lot to do in this large, historic city. This list of the top 10 must-dos in Philadelphia includes top-rated attractions and ideas from travelers who’ve been there and done that. You’ll find free activities as well as things that are pricier and that you might want to charge and earn credit card rewards.

Depending where you’re staying, you may be able to visit Philadelphia without renting a car. The city is very walkable, and there are buses, trains and above-ground trolleys in some parts of the city. The city also has an inexpensive shuttle service that stops at historic and cultural destinations around Center City, called the Philly PHLASH.

Now, here’s the list of the top 10 fun things to do while visiting Philadelphia.

1. Check out the Liberty Bell

Although the Liberty Bell doesn’t ring, it’s one of the most famous bells and is an iconic symbol of freedom. Its chime summoned people to hear the first reading of the Declaration of Independence in July of 1776. The Liberty Bell Center is free to visit year-round and does not require tickets. It’s located in front of Independence Hall, the next item on this list.

2. Immerse Yourself in History at Independence Hall

The Founding Fathers signed the Declaration of Independence inside of Independence Hall in 1776. The framework for The U.S. Constitution was created there as well, and it’s now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

To visit this important site in the founding of our nation, you can tour Independence Hall daily from 9 am to 5 pm. Guided tours are available year-round for a $1 ticket. Also, be sure to arrive 30 minutes before your scheduled tour time to go through security screening. phlvisitorcenter.com/IndependenceHall

3. Chow Down on a Cheesesteak

A trip to Philadelphia is not complete without a delicious, classic Philly cheesesteak, which is said to have originated in the 1930s. What is it exactly? Chopped meat, onion, and cheese sandwich on an Italian roll. Two of the most popular places to get a Philly cheesesteak include Geno’s Steaks and Pat’s King of Steaks. They are both located at the intersection of South 9th Street and Passyunk Avenue in Philadelphia, in South Philadelphia. A cheesesteak will cost you $12 to $15. genosteaks.com/menu/ and patskingofsteaks.com/

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4. Wander Through Philadelphia’s Magic Gardens

One of the best things to do in Philadelphia is to take in the Magic Gardens, a unique indoor and outdoor art installation by local Philly artist Isaiah Zagar. The Magic Gardens contain multiple, brightly colored tiled passages over and underground. The installation includes such surprising, creatively repurposed materials like bottles, ceramic shards, cement and even bicycle spokes.

Philadelphia’s Magic Gardens is located on South Street in Philadelphia. The attraction is open year-round between 11 am and 6 pm, but is closed on Tuesdays. Tickets cost between $8 and $15. phillymagicgardens.org/

5. Run up the ‘Rocky’ Steps

If you pass the front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, you may see people racing up the stairs and jumping around with their arms up. That’s because the first of the popular boxing films featured the character of Rocky Balboa, played by Sylvester Stalone, running up the steps to a soaring soundtrack. A statue commemorating Rocky is located at the bottom of the stairs.

The movie is almost 50 years old, but still has a dedicated following. This is a fun stop for film buffs, and read on to learn why you’ll want to go inside after you climb those steps.

6. Explore the Philadelphia Museum of Art

The Philadelphia Museum of Art includes more than 240,000 works spanning 2,000 years. It includes many famous works from the Renaissance, and an array of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist canvases. You’ll see masterpieces by such famed artists as van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec, and Klee. Whether your taste in art runs Medieval or modern, you’ll find something to admire.

The museum is open Thursdays to Mondays, and closed on Christmas, Thanksgiving, and July 4. Hours vary by date, but it’s generally open between 10 am and 5 pm. Tickets cost $25. There’s also a Pay What You Wish day on the first Sunday of every month and every Friday night after 5 pm. philamuseum.org/

7. Visit the Barnes Foundation

If you want to see even more art, the Barnes Foundation is another top thing to do in Philadelphia. Although less well-known than the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Barnes Foundation includes a large collection of French impressionist and Post-impressionist paintings. The Barnes Foundation has an impressive 181 Renoirs, which is more than any other collection. It also includes 69 Cezannes, as well as African art.

The Barnes Foundation is located in the Franklintown neighborhood. Is open Thursday through Monday, from 11 am to 5 pm. Admission ranges from $5 to $25 depending on your age. barnesfoundation.org/

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8. Tour Reading Terminal Market

Reading Terminal Market is 130 years old and located below a former railroad terminal in Center City, Philadelphia. There are many vendors selling flowers, Amish baked goods, spices, Spanish olives, hoagies, books, crafts, and more. Reading Terminal Market is free to enter, and is open daily from 8 am to 6 pm. readingterminalmarket.org/

9. Snap Selfies at the Love Sculpture

Philadelphia is known as the City of Brotherly and Sisterly Love. And the colorful steel LOVE Statue by artist Robert Indiana certainly says it. You’ll find this Pop Art favorite at John F. Kennedy Plaza, with the four letters of the word “love,” stacked up; it’s a popular place to take photos.

There are actually multiple LOVE statues in the city. There’s also another LOVE statue on the University of Pennsylvania campus and an AMOR statue at Sister Cities Park, a few blocks from Kennedy Plaza. The statues are all free to visit.

10. View the Delaware River Waterfront

The Delaware River separates Pennsylvania from New Jersey, and the waterfront area can be a fun thing to do in Philadelphia. It includes multiple attractions and parks, like Cherry Street Pier, Race Street Pier, Blue Cross RiverRink, and Spruce Street Harbor Park. The waterfront has great views of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, which connects Philadelphia and New Jersey. If you’re traveling with pets, the Delaware River waterfront can be a perfect place to take a stroll with your dog while you’re visiting Philadelphia.

The Takeaway

Philadelphia is a unique destination that brings history to life, but also has an array of art and other attractions to take in. Plus, there’s great food to sample in this city. A trip to Philadelphia can be both fun and educational, as well as affordable, provided you know a few smart hacks.

SoFi Travel is a new service exclusively for SoFi members. Through a partnership with Expedia, we make it easy to find the lowest rates and book your reservations — for flights, hotel rooms, car rentals, and more — all in one place. Earn 2x rewards when booking with your SoFi Mastercard or debit card. And when you redeem your SoFi rewards for travel, you get a 25% bonus: $100 of reward points are worth $125.

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FAQ

What are things to do in Philadelphia for free?

There are many things to do in Philadelphia for free, like visiting sites including the LOVE sculpture, the Rocky steps, or the Liberty Bell. Free activities are one way to hack how families afford to travel.

What is Philadelphia most popular for?

Philadelphia is probably most famous for historic sites like the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall. However, other popular and well-known attractions include Love Park, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Reading Terminal Market and the Rocky Steps.

How can I spend a day in Philadelphia?

Philadelphia’s Historic District has several attractions within walking distance of each other and would be a good way to spend a day in Philadelphia. The Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, Elfreth’s Alley, and Franklin Square are all located in Philadelphia’s Historic District. Or you might visit some art attractions for a day, such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Barnes Foundation, and Philadelphia’s Magic Gardens.

Photo credit: iStock/Ultima_Gaina

¹See Rewards Details at SoFi.com/card/rewards.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Jun

2023

Pros & Cons of Sector Investing

By Brian Nibley | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Sector investing simply refers to targeted investing in a particular market sector or industry. Finance, real estate, utilities, and retail are a few examples of common sectors.

Many institutional investors use a sector investing strategy, but it’s one that individual investors can use as well, either by selecting individual stocks according to a theme or to describe different exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds that focus their investments on a single sector.

Common Investing Sectors

Investors who want exposure to the following sectors can either invest directly in companies or assets, or invest in ETFs or mutual funds composed of securities within that sector.

Health Care

This section focuses on companies that contribute to health care needs and related endeavors.These may include hospitals and related real estate, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, companies that make medical devices, and more.

Precious Metals

The precious metals sector is historically seen as a safe haven asset that investors flock to in times of crisis. Even outside of a crisis, companies involved in the exploration of new metal deposits and mining of those deposits can sometimes provide significant returns.

Investors may be keen to find ways to invest in gold, but other examples include mining companies, direct investments in commodities, or in funds ETFs that purchase them.

Real Estate

This sector includes real estate developers and property owners, as well as mortgage-backed securities.

Real estate investors may also choose to put money into real estate investment trusts (REITs), which use investor money to acquire income-producing properties like data centers, office builds, shopping malls, or apartment buildings. One attractive feature of REITs is that they pay out a large portion of their income in the form of dividends to investors.

Utilities

Utility investing focuses on companies that provide utilities like phone and internet service, electricity, or natural gas. Utilities are considered to be a defensive or safe haven sector, since they tend to do well during a recession because people almost always need the services they provide.

Tech

Technology companies have become an increasingly large part of the economy as more organizations continue to undergo digital transformation. Investments in the tech sector might include streaming video providers, computer companies, or social media companies.

Consumer Staples

This sector focuses on the companies that make or sell items that people need to buy, such as supermarkets, food producers, and convenience stores.

Consumer Discretionary

This sector includes companies that make or sell goods that people like to purchase but don’t need, such as e-commerce companies, home improvement, apparel, or sporting goods retailers. This sector tends to perform well during times of economic expansion and to lag during a recession.

Energy

This sector focuses on companies that produce or supply energy. That may include oil drillers, coal miners, and pipeline operators. Some energy investors might focus only on stocks in the renewable energy space, such as wind farms or solar panel producers.

Pros of Sector Investing

Some of the benefits involved in sector investing include diversification and the ability to invest with market cycles.

Diversification

Investing in multiple sectors of the economy is one method of attaining diversification within a portfolio, which involves investing in many different types of stocks. If some sectors produce outsize gains, they can help offset lower returns in other sectors.

Rotation Strategy

One of the more common sector investing strategies is sector rotation, meaning that investors change their allocation to certain sectors depending on the economic cycle. For example, they might invest more heavily in the utility sector during a recession, when utilities tend to outperform, and move those funds into consumer discretionary goods during a recovery.

Cons of Sector Investing

While sector investing may prove beneficial, it also has its potential drawbacks. Some of the same features that make this strategy profitable or appealing can also make it risky.

Potential Volatility

Things that impact one sector as a whole tend to affect most or all companies within that sector. As a result, a single relevant event or news headline could have dramatic consequences for those heavily invested. This could result in large moves upward or downward.

For example, imagine being heavily invested in the oil and natural gas sector. Suddenly, the demand for energy plummets because of restrictions on travel, decreased consumer spending, and overall lack of demand for petroleum products. This would likely have a dramatic effect on nearly all companies in the oil and gas sector, leading to potentially large losses for investors with a large exposure to this sector.

On the other hand, if markets became optimistic that a future event would restore demand, or something happened to decrease supply, then volatility could swing the other way pushing up the value of investments.

Concentration risk

Concentration risk is a form of investment risk in which investors over-allocate a portion of their portfolio to a single sector and lose the downside protection that may come with a properly diversified portfolio, which spreads investments across different types of assets to minimize risk.

It is notoriously difficult for individual investors to sustainably engage in stock market timing, in which they can precisely determine the most optimal time to buy and sell a specific investment.

Sector ETF Investing

Investing in sector-focused ETFs is one of the easiest and most common ways to invest in sectors. Sector-specific exchange-traded funds hold dozens or hundreds of stocks within a specific sector, allowing investors to get exposure to the entire sector without having to make investments in individual companies.

Choosing an ETF takes less time and research than choosing many individual stocks. While ETFs may not experience the same level of gains as individual stocks, they also have less volatility.

The Takeaway

Sector investing involves making investments in specific parts, segments, or sectors of the economy. There can be pros and cons to doing so, and investors should consider all factors or even speak with a financial professional before making a decision.

To determine the best investing strategy for you, you’ll need to consider your long-term goals, your risk tolerance, financial objectives, and the amount of time and effort you want to spend choosing investments.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

Photo credit: iStock/diego_cervo

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Jun

2023

How to Avoid FOMO Trading

By Brian O'Connell | Growing Wealth, invest, Terminology | Comments Off

FOMO, or, “fear of missing out” when trading, applies to the anxiety of potentially passing up a profitable investment that an investor may experience. “FOMO” is a term commonly used to describe other anxiety-inducing situations as well. For investors who visualize a scenario where a stock rises sharply in value but goes unpurchased, the fear of missing out may cause them to make investing decisions that aren’t fully thought-through or in line with their investing strategy.

Making emotional, knee-jerk decisions when investing can derail your overall strategy, too. That’s why it can be important to try and avoid it the best you can.

What Is FOMO Trading?

FOMO trading happens when an investor allows their fear of missing out to drive their investing decisions — to the exclusion of other insights and instincts. This can trigger errors, creating problems in an otherwise well-managed investment portfolio.

For example, an impatient trader may rush to buy a hot stock even if it doesn’t fit into their investment strategy, or if the stock risks could jeopardize the portfolio’s stability.

Yet, buying any investment without proper research, risk assessment, or a planned exit strategy if the stock goes down, is the opposite of effective stock market investing.

Understanding Behavioral Finance

Sociologists use the term “behavioral finance” to describe the overall need to abandon rational thought and follow a herd to mitigate any FOMO anxieties. With behavioral finance, emotional and sociological influences replace scrutiny and logical thinking, which can significantly alter investment outcomes.

The fact that so many stock market rumors are stoked on social media, and that there are so many investors who rely on social media for investment ideas, only adds more pressure to give in to your anxieties, and buy a stock or other investment that may not necessarily fit in with your investing strategy.

Ways to Avoid FOMO Trading

How can an investor fight off FOMO tendencies and remain a stable and steadfast investor? It’s not easy given the pressure to trade frequently these days, but these tips may help.

Invest With a Plan in Mind

Investors who trade according to a well-thought out plan or investing strategy — and not with a FOMO mindset — are likely to be more prepared for better investment outcomes. By doing research, learning how to value a stock, and establishing your own tolerance for risk, you may be less likely to make rash or emotional decisions regarding your investments.

Stay Calm in Highly Volatile Markets

Many impulse trades come at a time when markets move fast. When investing in a volatile market, it’s especially important to trade with strategy in mind, rather than with your feelings.

Be Sensible About Trading

A single stock market trade rarely makes or breaks an investment portfolio. If you do hear about a can’t-miss stock and are anxious to pull the trigger and buy that stock, it can help to keep it in perspective: there’s always another market opportunity down the road. In other words, keep the big picture in mind.

Avoid Investing Money You Can’t Afford to Lose

The old adage of “never play with money you can’t afford to lose” is very much in play with FOMO investing. It’s never wise to chase a stock with large amounts of money your portfolio can’t afford to be without. In nearly all cases, if an investment’s risk is too high, and the potential impact to your portfolio is too acute, then it may be best to wait things out.

Don’t Mistake Social Media Advice For a Sound Investment Strategy

Social media captures a great deal of attention from market investors. But these platforms may be loaded with touts, short-sellers, penny stock promoters, and other investment shills who have their best interest in mind — not yours. As a rule, social media touts always talk up their gains but rarely mention their losses. Remember that maxim when you’re under the temptation of a FOMO trade.

The Takeaway

FOMO trading is a type of behavioral finance — in which an investor lets emotions like the fear of missing out replace logical, strategic thinking. FOMO trading often happens on a whim without much thought, which can significantly impact investment outcomes.That’s why it’s important to have a cogent strategy in place, and to keep your goals in mind when making investing decisions.

While it can be difficult to completely remove your emotions from your investing activities, keeping your strategy top of mind can help direct your decision-making process. Again: It’s not easy, but with some practice and experience in the markets, learning to skip investing trends might become a bit easier.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

Jun

2023

A Guide to Refinancing Student Loans

By Sarah Brooks | Fresh Out of School, Student Loans, student_loan | No Comments

Upon graduating, the average student loan borrower has just over $37,000 in student loan debt. Meanwhile, the average graduate student holds significantly more — sometimes up to hundreds of thousands of dollars.

If you’re tired of paying hundreds or even thousands of dollars toward student loan debt, there’s some good news: You can apply for student loan refinancing. Refinancing through a private lender could give you the opportunity to lower the interest rates on your loans and save money over the life of the loan. However, you do lose access to federal benefits, so make sure you fully understand how refinancing works before moving forward.

How Student Loan Refinancing Works

Student loan refinancing is the process of paying off your existing loan loans with a new loan. Ideally, the new loan would have a better interest rate or better terms. For example, the borrower may want to switch from a fixed rate to a variable rate or extend the term in order to lower their monthly payments. (Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.)

To understand why a borrower might refinance, it helps to first understand the major parts of a student loan. Every student loan is comprised of the following variables:

1. The value of the loan (the “principal”)

2. The interest rate on the loan

3. The repayment period (also known as the loan’s term)

When a borrower refinances their student loan(s), they are typically looking to change either the second or third list item, or both. Keep in mind that refinancing means forfeiting federal loan benefits such as income-based repayment plans, deferment, and forbearance.

How to Refinance Student Loans in 7 Steps

If you’re considering refinancing your student loans, you’ll want to compare lenders and select the loan with the best interest rate and term. Once you choose a lender, you’ll apply for the loan and start making payments to the new lender. Here’s a more in-depth look at how to refinance your student loans in seven steps.

1. Should You Refinance Student Loans?

The first question you need to ask yourself is, “Should I refinance my student loans?” To answer the question, you need to understand more about student loans and the specific types of student loans you have. Student loans come in two main varieties: federal and private.

Federal student loans are backed by the U.S. government’s Department of Education. These are the loans that borrowers apply for using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form. Private loans, on the other hand, are obtained through a bank, credit union, or other lender, and they are not backed by the U.S. government.

Determine which types of loans you have and which ones you’re wanting to refinance. Federal student loans, for example, can be consolidated into one loan with one monthly payment, known as a Direct Consolidation Loan. If you’re planning on using federal benefits, this option could be the best. If you want to refinance private loans only or federal and private loans, a traditional student loan refinance is what you’ll need. Keep in mind, though, that you will lose access to federal benefits when refinancing with a private lender.

Recommended: Consolidate vs Refinance Student Loans

Always be sure to ask whether a student loan refinancing company can refinance the types of loans that you currently have. Next, use that information to ask yourself the following questions:

1. Am I planning on using a student loan forgiveness program?

Because refinancing is the process of paying off your existing loans with a new, private loan, you will lose any access to the programs offered by federal loan programs, such as student loan forgiveness or income-driven repayment.

If you are currently working towards student loan forgiveness, you’ll probably want to think twice before refinancing your federal student loans.

2. Am I currently using an income-driven repayment plan?

Flexible repayment plans, such as one of the income-driven repayment plans, are another offering by the federal government on federal student loans. Private loans don’t generally offer any such programs. If you need to keep your monthly payments low and have exclusively federal student loans, refinancing might not be right for you. Refinancing with a private lender forfeits your access to the government’s income-based repayment plans.

3. Am I planning on using a forbearance or deferment program?

Both forbearance and deferment allow the borrower to suspend their payments for a period of time and for a variety of reasons, such as economic hardship or military service. Student loan forbearance and deferment are for federal student loans only. If you think you may need this benefit in the future, it may not be best to refinance with a private lender.

4. Do I have a good or great financial history?

When you refinance your student loans, your lender will base your interest rate off of your credit score, credit profile, debt-to-income ratio, payment history, and other financial data. If your credit score is less than ideal, you may not qualify for a lower interest rate, which could defeat the purpose of refinancing. It’s best to be aware of where you stand credit-wise before moving forward with a refinance.

2. Prepare Your Personal Financial Information

If you decide that refinancing is right for you, it’s a good idea to shop around at different lenders to check their rates. Before you do that, you’ll want to have your basic personal financial information ready. In general, potential lenders need some combination of the following information to give you a quote:

• Name

• Address

• University

• Degree

• Total student loan debt

• Debt-to-income ratio

• Credit score estimate

The information a borrower needs to provide varies from lender to lender, but this is the basic idea.

3. Compare Lenders

Because student loan refinancing companies set their own rates and terms, it is important to do some shopping around. Not only will you want to get rate quotes, but you may also want to ask questions, such as:

• Are there other fees, such as origination fees?

• Is there a prepayment penalty if I want to pay my loan off early?

• Can the lender refinance both federal and private loans?

• Is there a forbearance program if I am laid off from my job?

• How do I access customer service?

• What is the loan application timeline?

If a company interests you, you can submit the information you gathered from Step 2. With this information, the lender will likely run a soft credit check. This should not affect your credit score, but make sure the lender guarantees it won’t.

If you meet a lender’s eligibility requirements, they’ll generally provide you with multiple offers, including offers with different term lengths and interest rates (both fixed and variable rates).

4. Choose a Lender and Loan

After you’ve had the chance to review both the loan offers and the lenders themselves, it’s time to decide.

While many borrowers gravitate toward the loan with the lowest interest rate, it is worth remembering that the lowest rate might not amount to the lowest amount of total interest paid on a loan.

The longer the loan’s term, the more interest a borrower will pay. For example, if you have a loan term of 10 years, you’ll have to pay off the entire loan balance plus the interest that was accrued over the 10 years. But, if you extend your loan term 20 years, that means 10 more years of interest accruing on your loan.

Also, a loan that charges an origination fee could end up costing more than a loan with a higher rate of interest that does not charge an origination fee. Often, an origination fee is added to the balance of the loan, with the interest rate calculated on top of this new figure.

5. Gather Necessary Documents

Once you’ve chosen a lender and a loan, you’ll submit documentation that supports the information you provided during the initial rate check, as well as identifying information.

Although it will vary by lender, you’ll likely need some combination of the following:

• Proof of citizenship

• Valid ID number

• Paystubs, tax returns, or other income verification

• Statements for all of the loans you are planning to refinance

If you are applying for a refinance with a cosigner, they will need to provide this information, as well.

6. Apply

Once you’ve gathered all your documentation, it’s time to apply for your new refinance loan. Upon turning this information into the lender, they typically run a hard credit check and send the application through a final approval process.

A lender should inform you if any of your documentation is missing, but you may want to check back in after a few days if you haven’t heard from a customer service representative.

7. Waiting for Approval

Once you’ve applied for the loan and submitted all your documentation, all that’s left to do is wait for your approval. How long this process takes will depend on the lender, but it could be as short as 24 hours and as long as a couple of weeks. Check with each lender to be sure.

Once your loan is approved, consider signing up for autopay (if they offer it and you haven’t already). Many lenders offer a discounted rate for borrowers who allow payments to be automatically deducted from their accounts.

Pros and Cons of Refinancing Student Loans

As with anything, there are both pros and cons of refinancing student loans. While you could receive a lower interest rate and lower monthly payment, you will lose access to federal benefits and programs.

Pros and Cons of Refinancing Student Loans
Pros	Cons
Lower interest rate possible	Lose access to federal forgiveness and repayment programs
Lower monthly payment possible	May pay more in interest over the life of the loan
Switch from fixed to variable rate, or vice versa	Fees may be charged
Can change the loan term	Lose any remaining grace periods
Condense multiple loans into one loan with one payment	Must have good credit to qualify for the best rates

Refinancing Student Loans With SoFi

And there, you’ve done it. You’ve learned how to refinance your student loans in seven steps. If you decide that refinancing is right for you, SoFi offers an easy online application, competitive rates, no fees, and other member benefits such as career coaching and financial advice.

Prequalify for a refinance loan with SoFi in just two minutes.

FAQ

Does refinancing student loans mean the same thing as consolidating student loans?

Refinancing and consolidating student loans are similar and often used interchangeably, but they do mean different things. A student loan refinance is done through a private lender and combines multiple federal and/or private loans into one loan with one monthly payment. With this type of financing, you lose access to federal benefits. A student loan consolidation, on the other hand, is done through the U.S. Department of Education and combines multiple federal loans into one. Your payment does not typically decrease, but you do keep access to federal benefits and streamline your monthly payments into one.

Can refinancing a student loan help to pay off debt faster?

Yes, refinancing student loans can help you pay off your student loan debt quicker. Ideally, you’ll reduce your interest payment and shorten the length of your loan. This allows you to pay less money in interest overall and get rid of your debt as soon as possible.

What are the downsides of refinancing student loans?

The biggest downside to refinancing student loans is losing access to federal benefits, repayment plans, and forgiveness programs. However, if you are in a field that’s not eligible for forgiveness and you don’t plan on needing a deferment or forbearance, it could be worth the savings to move forward with a refinance. As always, it’s best to heavily weigh the pros and cons for your specific situation before moving forward.

To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. A hard credit pull, which may impact your credit score, is required if you apply for a SoFi product after being pre-qualified.
Notice: SoFi refinance loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers such as Income Based Repayment or Income Contingent Repayment or PAYE. SoFi always recommends that you consult a qualified financial advisor to discuss what is best for your unique situation.
The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOSL18127

How to Make a Will: 7 Steps

What Is a Will?

Dying Without a Will

How To Create a Will

1. Choosing How You’ll Create Your Will

2. Making a List of Your Assets

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

3. Being Specific About Who Gets What

4. Considering Guardianship

5. Choosing an Executor

6. Signing Your Will and Storing it in a Safe Place

7. Updating Your Will as Appropriate

The Takeaway

Top 10 Fun Things to Do When Visiting Philadelphia

Best Times to Go to Philadelphia

Bad Times to Go to Philadelphia

Average Cost of a Philadelphia Vacation

10 Fun Must-Dos in Philadelphia

1. Check out the Liberty Bell

2. Immerse Yourself in History at Independence Hall

3. Chow Down on a Cheesesteak

4. Wander Through Philadelphia’s Magic Gardens

5. Run up the ‘Rocky’ Steps

6. Explore the Philadelphia Museum of Art

7. Visit the Barnes Foundation

8. Tour Reading Terminal Market

9. Snap Selfies at the Love Sculpture

10. View the Delaware River Waterfront

The Takeaway

FAQ

What are things to do in Philadelphia for free?

What is Philadelphia most popular for?

How can I spend a day in Philadelphia?

Pros & Cons of Sector Investing

Common Investing Sectors

Health Care

Precious Metals

Real Estate

Utilities

Tech

Consumer Staples

Consumer Discretionary

Energy

Pros of Sector Investing

Diversification

Rotation Strategy

Cons of Sector Investing

Potential Volatility

Concentration risk

Sector ETF Investing

The Takeaway

How to Avoid FOMO Trading

What Is FOMO Trading?

Understanding Behavioral Finance

Ways to Avoid FOMO Trading

Invest With a Plan in Mind

Stay Calm in Highly Volatile Markets

Be Sensible About Trading

Avoid Investing Money You Can’t Afford to Lose

Don’t Mistake Social Media Advice For a Sound Investment Strategy

The Takeaway

A Guide to Refinancing Student Loans

How Student Loan Refinancing Works

How to Refinance Student Loans in 7 Steps

1. Should You Refinance Student Loans?

1. Am I planning on using a student loan forgiveness program?

2. Am I currently using an income-driven repayment plan?

3. Am I planning on using a forbearance or deferment program?

4. Do I have a good or great financial history?

2. Prepare Your Personal Financial Information

3. Compare Lenders

4. Choose a Lender and Loan

5. Gather Necessary Documents

6. Apply

7. Waiting for Approval

Pros and Cons of Refinancing Student Loans

Refinancing Student Loans With SoFi

FAQ

Does refinancing student loans mean the same thing as consolidating student loans?

Can refinancing a student loan help to pay off debt faster?

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Refinancing

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