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At some point, there may come a time when you need to ask the question: Does filing for unemployment benefits affect your credit score? The answer is no, fortunately.

Losing your job can be like a kick in the stomach. It can deflate you and leave you scrambling to figure out what to do next. That last thing that many people need, in addition to firing up a job search, is a hit to their credit score, too. If you do lose your job, many financial professionals will tell you that the first thing you should do, if you qualify, is to file for unemployment so that you still have some income as you revise your resume and start interviewing.

The good news, again, is that you don’t need to worry about a potential ding to your credit. More information below!

Why Your Credit Score Matters

Your credit score is, in a sense, your financial reputation. It can give lenders or creditors a quick and easy summary of your creditworthiness — or, how likely it is you are to pay back a loan on time and in full. Everyone has a credit report, and you can think of your credit score as a truncated version, or sort of like a CliffsNotes, to your credit score.

Your credit score matters because it’s used by lenders to gauge how risky you are as a borrower. It’s used to measure not only whether a lender would be willing to give you a loan, but how much they’d charge you for the privilege — or what the effective interest rate would be for borrowing.

When it comes to some of life’s bigger purchases, such as a car or a home, that can be very important. A couple of percentage points can mean that a borrower ends up paying tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars more in interest over the years. As such, when a lender sizes up your credit application and takes a look at your credit score, the higher, the better.

As for what factors affect your credit score? It’s a mixture of things: Your payment history, total debt balances, credit utilization, credit history (how long you’ve had accounts), credit mix, and inquiries from lenders.

Recommended: Should I Sell My House Now or Wait?

Unemployment Won’t Appear on Your Credit Report

Again, you may be concerned that if you lose your job, filing for unemployment may affect your credit score. And, again, there’s no cause for concern. Not only will filing for unemployment not affect your credit score, it also won’t appear on your credit report. Your credit report contains information relating to your past borrowing activity, not your employment status.

So, unless there’s been a change in your credit history — say, you apply for a new line of credit or close an old credit card — your credit report won’t change. That said, your credit report may contain information relating to past employers, but the only thing that should have an effect on your credit score will be items relating to financial accounts.

That may become an issue if, say, you were issued a company credit card at a previous job. But for most people, your employment status, or past employers, aren’t likely to have an impact on your credit report or credit score.

Remember: Your credit score is a snapshot of your financial reputation, not your employment status!

How Unemployment Can Affect Credit Scores Indirectly

With all of that in mind, your employment status — or filing for unemployment — may have an effect on your credit score in an indirect way.

As mentioned, your employment status isn’t a part of your credit score’s calculation, and neither is whether or not you received unemployment assistance. It’s really all about paying back or down your debts, on time, and on schedule. As such, if you do lose your job and file for unemployment, you may find yourself in an income crunch. Your unemployment check is most likely going to be smaller than the paycheck you’re accustomed to receiving, and that may make it difficult to keep up with your payments.

You may also be tempted to start using your lines of credit more while unemployed as a way of making ends meet. For example, you might start using your credit card at the grocery store as a way of keeping money in your bank account, with the thought that you’ll pay off your balance once you get another job and a regular paycheck again. Some individuals may also look into personal loans for unemployed persons, too.

That logic may not be faulty, but doing so, you will increase your credit utilization and overall debt, which can lower your credit score.

Finally, if you find that you can’t keep up with your minimum payments due to the resulting cash crunch of losing your job, that, too, will ding your credit score. That’s why it’s important to maintain a line of communication with lenders. If you can’t make your payment, let them know, and they may be willing to work with you. Tools like a money tracker app may be helpful as well.

And, remember, if you do have a company credit card or some other type of financial account with an employer, and you lose your job, that credit line could be severed. That, too, could affect your credit score, as it ultimately lowers your total available credit.

Recommended: What Is The Difference Between Transunion and Equifax?

How to Protect Your Credit Score When Unemployed

As for protecting your credit score while unemployed, the most important things you can do are to try and keep your debt balances low and to keep an open line of communication with your creditors. Of course, a loss in income will probably spur you to change your spending habits by cutting back in certain areas. But in terms of maintaining your credit score, the best course of action is to keep doing what you’re doing: making your payments.

That means continuing to make your payments (at least the minimum) as scheduled. And, since it bears repeating, if you’re going to struggle to make those minimum payments, call your lender and let them know. Some will be willing to make accommodations (forbearance, extensions, etc), perhaps by deferring payments, although there’s no guarantee.

If you feel that you need more help, you can also work with a credit counselor to help you evaluate your options, and even negotiate with your lenders. You may also want to set up free credit monitoring, too, so that you can see any changes to your score.

The Takeaway

If you lose your job and file for unemployment, there shouldn’t be a direct effect on your credit score. That said, there may be indirect factors that could lower your score. The most important thing you can do to maintain a strong credit score is to keep making your payments and try to keep your debt balances (or credit utilization) to a reasonable level.

And remember that if you’re really struggling, it may be worth it to reach out to a professional for personalized advice.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

Can I apply for a credit card when I’m unemployed?

It’s possible to get a credit card while unemployed, but keep in mind that a creditor’s main concern is whether or not you can make your payments. As such, your approval for a credit card may hinge on your income and other debts or financial obligations.

What if my credit score goes down?

Credit scores go up and down all the time, but if you do experience a fall in your credit score while unemployed, you’ll likely know why — and it’s probably because you missed payments or saw your credit utilization go up. The good news is that you can always work on increasing it again.

What personal information does your credit report include?

The short answer? A lot of it. That includes your name, aliases, birth date, Social Security number, address (and former addresses), phone number, and possibly your employment history, among other things.

Photo credit: iStock/sorrapong

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q224-1911223-V1

Who doesn’t want to retire early? If you have $1 million stashed away by age 55, you may feel like you have enough to leave the rat race and ride out your golden years. Unfortunately, it may not be enough.

It all depends on your lifestyle and location. For some professionals, asking if $1 million is enough to retire on may be downright naive. As people live longer and prices continue to rise, many of us can end up needing much more.

If sitting on a cool million at 55 makes you feel like you’re ahead of the game, it’s probably a good idea to slow your roll and take some key factors into consideration.

How Far $1 Million in Retirement Will Realistically Take You

One million dollars sounds like a lot of money: surely enough to last the rest of your life, right? But how far will $1 million really take you in retirement? There’s no single answer that applies to everyone. The nest egg that an individual will need hinges on the following variables:

•   Where you’ll live when you retire

•   The lifestyle you want to lead

•   Whether you have dependents

•   Healthcare costs

•   Other retirement income

•   Investment risk

•   Inflation

Considered another way, the answer comes down to your withdrawal rate — how much money you regularly withdraw from your accounts to live on — and how long you end up living. A conservative withdrawal rate, for example, is 3%. So, if you’re eating up 3% of your savings per year (with inflation on top of that), you’ll want to make sure you have enough to last for a few decades. Tools like a money tracker can help you monitor your spending.

This is complicated stuff, and it may be best to consult a financial professional to help you plan it all out. At the very least, run some numbers yourself to figure out, “Am I on track for retirement?”

Recommended: Average Retirement Savings by State

Why You Need to Figure on Needing a Lot More if You Retire Early

Financial experts often say that you’ll need around 80% of your pre-retirement annual income for each year of retirement. That means that if your pre-retirement annual income is $80,000, you should plan on saving around $64,000 per year of retirement.

In that scenario, if you hope to retire at 55, you would need almost $2 million. That amount would last you for around 30 years, until you are 85. As you may have noticed, this is considerably more than $1 million.

Even then, you have to think about what happens if you live until you’re 95, or even 105. That’s 50 years of retirement — and $1 million is probably not going to last half a century. If you’re planning on retiring early, it seems, you will need a lot more than $1 million.

How Much You Should Ideally Save for Retirement

Again, the amount you should ideally save for retirement will depend on the kind of lifestyle you want to have during your retirement years. Because there are so many unknowns and variables to consider, many people simply aim to save as much as they can.

To get to a ballpark figure, though, ask yourself the following questions when crunching the numbers:

•   At what age would you like to retire?

•   What kind of lifestyle do you want to have?

•   Will you work part-time? If so, what kind of work will you do, and what is the average pay for that type of work?

•   Will you have passive income (such as rental income from a real estate property)?

•   What other sources of income will you have (Social Security, etc.)?

•   Where will you live when you retire, and what is the cost of living in that location?

•   How big of a safety net do you want for unforeseen circumstances?

Once you’ve thought about how you want to live your retirement, you can plan for that scenario. Create the budget you would like to have, then calculate the cost per year and the number of years you plan on being retired.

While we don’t know how long we will live, expecting a longer lifespan is a smart way to plan for retirement. You don’t want to outlive your savings and be too old to go back to work.

So, how much you should ideally save for retirement will vary in a big way from person to person. Perhaps the simplest answer is to save as much as you can.

Factors to Consider When Saving for Retirement

In addition to your cost of living after retirement, you should factor in inflation. Adjust your yearly cost of retirement with an inflation calculator to learn the change in value of your saved money over time. For perspective: Inflation, historically, has averaged just over 3%.

Happily, the stock market has grown faster than the inflation rate over time. So you can do some stock portfolio tracking to see whether your investments may help you stay ahead of inflation.

And another thing: Life expectancy is higher than it used to be. Americans are living, on average, until 77.5 years of age. With that in mind, plan for a longer lifespan. That way you won’t feel as though you’re running out of money later in retirement.

Recommended: Typical Retirement Expenses to Prepare For

How to Determine the Right Amount to Retire For You

If you want to keep your current cost of living and lifestyle, take your current salary and multiply it by the number of years you are planning on living off your retirement and multiply it by around 80%. Then, adjust it for inflation using an online calculator. Finally, add a cash cushion for unforeseen events.

It’s a bit of math, but this should give you a ballpark idea of your needs. You can always use a budget planner app or retirement calculator, too, of which there are many.

The Takeaway

Long story short: It is possible to retire with $1 million at 55. However, $1 million may not be enough for most people. You’ll need to create a customized financial plan based on your lifestyle goals if you want to try, though — there is no magic formula or a one-size-fits-all plan to do it. Identify what matters to you and then plan your retirement based on your ideal type of retirement.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

How much money do I need to retire at 55?

The amount of money you will need to retire at 55 will depend on the kind of lifestyle you want to lead during retirement. If you’re planning on living off of $60,000 per year, and are hoping to live for another 30 or so years, you will need almost $2 million.

Can you live on $1 million in retirement?

One million dollars is not going to be enough for most people in the U.S. to retire on. Whether $1 million is enough will largely depend on the kind of lifestyle you want. If you are planning on receiving a pension and/or Social Security, that will significantly help to stretch your savings.

Can I retire with $1 million in my 401(k)?

Depending on your lifestyle, $1 million in your 401(k) may not be enough. When combined with other savings and investments, it can be. But it’s probably best to consult with a financial planner who can help you determine how to best use your 401(k) savings.

Photo credit: iStock/LaylaBird

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q224-1921008-V1

If you received a raise at work, first things first: Congratulations! Your first impulse may be to celebrate with a big purchase or party. But rather than blowing your salary bump right away, it’s wise to be strategic. Take a little time and consider how you might use that extra cash. It could help you reach some short- and long-term financial goals.

There can be a lot to consider, but keeping a few things in mind may help you figure out the best course of action.

How to Financially Handle a Pay Raise

To help you decide what to do with a pay raise, you’ll want to think broadly, and about the future. Here are a dozen tips that may help you be better informed as you make your decision about what to do when you get a raise.

1. Using It to Get Rid of Debt

Your raise may be able to help you get rid of some debt that is dragging down your finances. It’s worth noting that some debt can be good, like a mortgage on your home, which tends to have a relatively low interest rate. Every time you make a payment, you are building equity and wealth.

But if you have debt that carries a high interest rate and doesn’t have a long-term benefit, you may want to pay it off as soon as you are able. Credit card debt is the classic example of this. Interest rates on new cards can be as high as 20% or more, which means this kind of debt can grow quickly. With a raise, you can pay that debt down sooner rather than later. This can help free up your finances to focus on other money goals.

💡 Quick Tip: As opposed to a physical check that can take time to clear, you don’t have to wait days to access a direct deposit. Usually, you can use the money the day it is sent. What’s more, you don’t have to remember to go to the bank or use your app to deposit your check.

2. Using It to Build Your Emergency Fund

Having extra cash is a perfect opportunity to build an emergency fund if you don’t have one or if yours could use a boost. Financial experts advise having at least three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses in the bank. This can tide you over if, say, a big medical bill or car repair hits or if your family were to endure a job loss. A raise can allow you to set a lump sum of money aside or motivate you to regularly allocate toward your emergency fund so you are financially secure in times of need.

3. Re-Evaluating and Updating Your Budgeting

When you get a raise, you may be wondering how to manage this extra cash. There are probably a lot of wish-list items tempting you to increase your spending. Instead of shopping, it may be a good time to reevaluate your budget to see how you can best put your money to work.

Typically, budgets recommend that you first allocate funds toward your mandatory monthly expenses like mortgage, rent and other bills. Next, don’t forget to pay down debt, followed by adding some money to your emergency stash if needed. Have you also thought about retirement funds?

Make sure to figure out how much to save every month and put some of your money to work in a 401(k) or another retirement fund. With the money that’s left, you can spend as you see fit, invest it in the stock market, make charitable donations, or decide other ways to use it.

If you need more guidance on budgeting, look online at different techniques, such as the 50/30/20 budgeting rule, or test-drive some apps that help you see where your money is going and determine how to best manage it.

4. Avoiding Lifestyle Creep

If you are contemplating what to do with a raise, one thing to sidestep is lifestyle creep. That happens when a person makes more money but also spends more of it, typically on luxuries. So if you get a raise and then rent a more expensive apartment or sign up for a luxury-car lease, that’s lifestyle creep. You have bought into some of life’s finer things, but you may wind up just breaking even. In fact, even with more money, you may feel as if you are living beyond your means.

It can be smart to try and avoid this behavior because you don’t want to spend every penny you make. That’s not a healthy financial habit; it doesn’t help you build wealth over time. Yes, you can allow yourself to enjoy some discretionary spending (more on that in a minute). But if you let lifestyle creep happen, it may be hard to make ends meet and find opportunities to save for longer-term goals.

5. Re-Evaluating Your Retirement

When you get a raise, you have a prime opportunity to increase your retirement savings. It may not sound like fun compared to taking a vacation, but allocating money this way can be a good financial strategy to reach your goals.

If you have, say, a 401(k) plan with your employer, you can increase your monthly contribution and possibly snag the employer match, too, which is akin to free money. While it may not feel like a fun use of your raise now, your future self will thank you when you see how well your retirement savings are growing.

6. Invest in Yourself

Consider how your raise might help your long-term wellbeing, your mood, and your quality of life. Would it be wise for you to get in better shape? Have you been having trouble sleeping for a while? Do you feel hungry to learn a new skill? A bit of extra money might help you resolve those situations. Sometimes, not having enough money is a common and valid reason for not doing more of this kind of self-care.

Maybe, with your raise, you can now afford to take a few fitness classes and learn some moves you can do on your own. Perhaps you can work with a therapist on what’s keeping you up at night. Or maybe it would bring you joy to take some guitar lessons or pursue a continuing-ed class in a topic that has always fascinated you. Putting a portion of your raise to work this way can be rewarding on so many levels.


💡 Quick Tip: Want to save more, spend smarter? Let your bank manage the basics. It’s surprisingly easy, and secure, when you open an online bank account.

7. Considering Inflation

Inflation has been very much in the spotlight lately. In recent years, inflation has reached highs not seen in decades. When inflation is high, your purchasing power declines. Simply put, your dollar doesn’t go as far.

If you get a raise during a period of high inflation, do the math. If you receive a 5% raise and inflation is 3.6%, then you are staying (just barely) ahead in terms of your finances. That raise is helping to protect your money against inflation but unfortunately it won’t stretch much further. This perspective is good to keep in mind so you don’t overspend and wind up with debt.

8. Preparing for Taxes

Getting a bump in your salary may impact your tax liabilities; it may nudge you into a higher tax bracket. If this is the case, your tax rate will rise, and you may need to pay out a higher percentage in taxes. Typically, this will only take your effective tax rate up a couple of percentage points, but it can make a difference to your bottom line.

To offset that, you may want to adjust your withholdings with your employer. If more money is withheld during the year, you could owe less or get a refund at tax time. This could help you avoid an unpleasant surprise (namely, a tax bill) come April.

9. Saving up More for a Large Expense

Are you saving for a vacation, a wedding, a home renovation, or a new car? If you have a big-ticket item on the horizon, you may want to put part of your raise towards that goal. It can be a good move for your finances in the long-run. The extra money can help you afford what you are saving toward. You can sidestep debt as you make your dream a reality. By doing so, you’re likely improving your credit and building wealth — it’s a win-win situation.

10. Investing Your Money

Investing your hard-earned money is historically one of the best ways to build wealth. For some, that can be a good reason to allocate some of your raise to increasing their investments.

A good place to start is by creating an investment portfolio with stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and other assets. This can be a vital part of making your financial plan.

11. Funding and Starting a Side Hustle

If you dream of building your own business from a hobby someday, you could use money from your raise to start a side hustle. If, say, you love making pastry, you might invest in cookware that will take your game up a notch. Or if creating apps is your passion, perhaps there’s a weekend class that could boost your skills. Keep tabs on how much money you allocate toward this side hustle and make sure these funds put you on a path to building a business.

12. Enjoying Your Financial and Career Successes

Many of these tips for using your raise wisely revolve around paying down debt, achieving long-term financial goals, and building wealth. But of course, do use a portion of your raise to reward yourself. You’ve received a financial award because of your hard work and dedication. You deserve to treat yourself! Whether that means having a fantastic dinner out with a couple of close friends or buying a coat you’ve been eyeing for a while now, you should find a way to mark this happy moment.

Managing Your Finances with SoFi

Getting a raise is an exciting life event. It shows that your hard work has paid off and your career is making progress. But it also means that you need to make some decisions about what to do with your money – it can be both exciting, and nerve-wracking.

Making some smart decisions about saving, investing, or even investing in yourself may be a good path. But again, it’ll come down to you, your goals, and your preferences. It may be helpful to speak with a financial professional, too.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How do I avoid spending too much after I get a raise?

Create and stick to a budget. Even though you are making more money, you still have to be conscious over where your cash goes and avoid lifestyle creep, which involves spending more as you earn more. This can make it harder to achieve your financial goals.

Is it okay to treat myself when I get a raise?

It’s definitely reasonable to treat yourself when you get a raise; you earned it! But it’s not a habit that you want to get out of hand. You want to make sure you’re spending within your means and not accumulating debt.

Can a pay raise be a negative?

A raise can potentially be a negative if you spiral into unreasonable spending. You could wind up with debt to deal with. Also, take note if your raise pushes you into a higher tax bracket, which still means you’re making more money, but you’d be paying a higher tax rate on a portion of your earnings.

Photo credit: iStock/fizkes

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

SOBK-Q224-1929672-V1

A market-linked certificate of deposit (CD) tracks a basket of underlying securities, or an index like the S&P 500. They differ from traditional CDs, which generally pay a fixed rate of interest. These accounts are sometimes called equity-linked CDs or stock CDs.

A market-linked CD (MLCD) is similar to a traditional certificate of deposit, in that it’s a time-deposit account with a fixed term during which the investor’s funds are unavailable. The principal (though not the gains) is federally insured up to $250,000. But market-linked CDs come with some risks — including the possibility of zero gains at maturity.

What Is a Market-Linked CD?

As noted, a market-linked CD tracks an underlying index or collection of securities, rather than paying a fixed rate of interest. Investing in CDs offers some familiar advantages, chiefly that the CD investor can deposit their funds for the specified term (typically a few months to a few years), and count on a steady rate of return until the CD reaches maturity.

The CD’s total return is unlikely to be high, especially when comparing deposit accounts, because it’s based on current interest rates, but there is little to no market risk. Traditional CDs are federally insured, whether by a bank or a credit union, for up to $250,000. For this reason, traditional CDs are considered a fairly low-return, low-risk investment.

Market-linked CDs share some of these features — e.g. the investor deposits funds for a set period of time, and the funds are unavailable until the CD matures. But the returns of an MLCD are, as the name suggests, linked to the stock market, which adds in a layer of potential reward, but also potential risk.

Unlike traditional CDs, which are considered cash equivalents, market-linked CDs are more like securities. The reason for creating market-linked CDs goes back to the days when banks couldn’t sell securities, and these products offered investors a workaround.

💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).

How Do Market-Linked CDs Work?

Unlike traditional CDs, market-linked CDs do not offer fixed interest payments. Rather the return is based on the underlying investments or market index the CD tracks. Some of these market benchmarks include equity, commodity indexes, or a basket of commodities or currencies. But investors don’t see precisely the same gains and losses as the market.

Typically, the upside of MLCDs is capped in one of two ways. For example, the return on a market-linked CD will be determined by its participation rate, i.e. the percentage of the upside you will see. For example, an 80% participation rate means you only receive 80% of the gains from the underlying market. An interest cap refers to an MLCD where there is simply an upper limit for any gains.

Fortunately, the principal amount deposited in the CD is protected. At maturity, investors will get their full deposit back. But if the market underperforms, the CD may not have any gains. In other words, at maturity there is no guarantee your return will be more than your deposit amount.

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How to Calculate the Return of a Market-Linked CD

To calculate the return of a market-linked CD, financial institutions average out the close price of the underlying index over a certain period of time. For this method, you can take the average of the index’s different values in two different periods.

Another method you can use is the point-to-point method, which involves identifying two values. The first is the value of the index when the market-linked CD was issued, and the other is the value of the index before the CD’s maturity date, which is referred to as the ending point. The difference between these two values will yield the expected return on your market-linked CD.

The final return also assumes that the funds are left in the CD until maturity. Withdrawing funds earlier than the maturity date — whether that’s two months or 20 years — will likely trigger early withdrawal penalties.

Pros of Market-Linked CDs

Market-linked CDs have several favorable characteristics that may be appealing for investors who are looking for alternatives to conventional CDs, or directly investing in the stock market without having too much risk exposure.

•   Protection: Market-linked CDs protect your principal and when held to maturity, the principal is backed by the bank that issues it. In the scenario where the underlying market declines during the period where you hold the CD, investors are protected from losses.

•   Insurance: Market-linked CDs are also FDIC- or NCUA-insured for up to $250,000 on the principal investment, not investment earnings.

•   Potential for greater returns: Market-linked CDs have the ability to provide investors with higher returns than traditional CDs. Because the underlying is based on a collection of stocks, commodities, or indexes, there is a chance market-linked CDs can outperform traditional CDs.

•   Return on original deposit: At time of maturity, you will get the full amount of your original deposit regardless of the performance of the underlying market index or securities. If you choose to sell your market-linked CD prior to maturity on the secondary market, there is no guarantee that you will get the full amount of your principal back.

Cons of Market-Linked CDs

Investors must also consider the risks associated with holding market-linked CDs.

•   Liquidity risk: Investors must be aware that when opening a market-linked CD, they are locking up their money for a period of time, and they must be willing to hold on to the CD through its maturity to achieve the full benefits, even though they are not obligated to do so. If you need access to the capital in the CD and want to withdraw money, you may incur withdrawal fees.

•   Market risk: Market-linked CDs that are linked to the equity markets are subject to volatility, which can impact the market-linked CD returns. Other factors can influence market-linked CDs such as changes in interest rates.

•   Taxes: MLCD earnings are taxed as interest income, not as capital gains, and thus investors will pay a higher rate for their earnings. Also, interest must be reported annually, even though it’s not paid until maturity.

•   Little or no profit: The worst scenario is holding a market-linked CD to maturity — but not making a profit. Even though your original principal will be protected, there is no guarantee that you will make more than your deposit amount.

   You may have the possibility of greater gains if you invest your money in an exchange-traded fund (ETF) or index fund directly, which provides similar diversification benefits. However, you are still exposed to market risk, and your original principal is at risk.

How to Open a Market-Linked CD

Opening a market-linked CD is fairly straightforward. Here are some broad steps.

•   At the financial institution of your choosing, you can open a market-linked certificate of deposit by choosing the interest rate and maturity date.

•   Next, deposit the amount of money you are able to lock up for a period of time.

•   Some market-linked CDs have a minimum investment requirement and a maximum deposit limit per account which must be considered.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.

Alternatives to a Market-Linked CD

Alternatives to market-linked CDs could include investing in a bond fund. Similar to a CD, bond funds have different maturity dates, either short term or long term, and can offer competitive yields. Depending on the creditworthiness of the bonds, the yield can vary. Bonds with a high credit rating which are lower risk may have a lower yield than bonds with a lower credit rating, but the latter may come with higher risk. The choice of bond fund depends on the investor’s risk tolerance.

Investors may also consider a high-yield savings account, which is lower risk but yields less than a market-linked CD. These types of accounts are more for emergency funds but if you are looking for the lower risk options to store your cash, high yield savings accounts can be another alternative to a market-linked CD.

When to Consider Investing in Market-Linked CDs

Investors may be interested in a market-linked CD if they are looking for an alternative for a traditional CD and for the potential for higher returns. Market-linked CDs may also offer some diversification, and protection of principal investment.

If you are looking for exposure to the broader stock market with managed risk, a marked-linked CD may be a suitable option because it’s viewed as an alternative to directly investing in the stock market. That said, market-linked CDs are insured products and are not considered securities.

The Takeaway

Market-linked CDs are, as the name implies, a sort of hybrid savings/investment option. They offer some of the features of traditional CDs: You invest your money for a fixed period of time; if you withdraw funds before the maturity date you face an early withdrawal penalty; and your funds are federally insured for up to $250,000. Because MLCDs are market-linked, though, a CD’s performance is tied to underlying securities or a market index.

Thus, investors don’t receive a fixed interest rate, and returns can fluctuate. Typically these CDs are also capped in terms of the gains they can provide. And while an investor’s initial principal deposit is protected from a market drop, you can still lose money if you withdraw funds early or try to sell this type of CD on the secondary market. Finally, like any other investment in the markets, there’s no guarantee that a market-linked CD will see a profit by the time it matures.

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FAQ

What is a market-linked CD?

Market-linked CDs are certificates of deposits that can be linked to stocks, commodities, an index — or a mix of these — depending on the type of return the investor is seeking, and their risk tolerance.

Is a market-linked CD a security?

No. A market-linked CD is federally insured in the event of bank failure or fraud, so your principal is protected up to $250,000. Insured products are not considered securities.

What is a stock market CD?

A stock market CD is another name for a market-linked CD, and is linked to a broad stock market index like the S&P 500. This means the CD’s performance will adjust as the index changes.

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