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If you already have a personal loan but need more funds, you may wonder if you can take out another one. Some lenders will approve you for a second personal loan if you stay under their maximum borrowing cap. You may also be able to get a new personal loan from a different lender, provided you meet their requirements. Already having a personal loan, however, could make it harder to get approved. 

Read on to learn more about how many personal loans you can have at once, how stacking personal loans can impact your credit, and alternatives to consider.

Can You Have More Than One Personal Loan at Once?

Technically, there is no limit on how many personal loans you can have. Whether you can get approved for a second, or third, personal loan will depend on the lender and your qualifications as a borrower. 

Some lenders limit the number of concurrent personal loans you can have to one or two. They might also restrict you to a maximum borrowing amount (such as $50,000) across all of the personal loans you hold with them. 

If you’re maxed out with your current lender, you may be able to get a new personal loan with a different lender. Generally, lenders don’t reject applicants solely due to having an existing loan. However, they may decline approval if they feel you carry too much debt and might struggle to make an additional payment.

Does It Ever Make Sense to Have Multiple Loans?

There are some situations where it can make sense to have more than one personal loan. If you took out a loan to consolidate credit card debt, then got hit with an unexpected medical or car repair bill, for example, you may be better off getting a second personal loan rather than running up new and expensive credit card debt. Before taking out another personal loan, however, it’s worth checking to see if you might qualify for a lower-cost way to borrow money (more on that below).

If you’re looking to get another personal loan to bridge a gap between your spending and income, on the other hand, taking on additional debt could add to the problem. You may be better off looking at ways to reduce expenses and pay down your existing debt.

Ways Multiple Personal Loans Can Affect Your Credit

Having multiple personal loans can have both negative and positive impacts on your credit. Any time you apply for new credit, the lender will do a hard pull on your credit, which can cause a small, temporary dip in your scores. Multiple hard credit inquiries in a short period of time, however, can significantly harm your credit. Late or missed payments can also negatively affect your credit score. 

On the plus side, taking out a new personal loan and handling it responsibly (by making on-time payments) can positively influence your credit over time. 

Other Potential Complications

Here’s a look at some other ways that having multiple personal loans can affect your finances.

•   Multiple payments: A new personal loan means a new monthly payment. Before you add to your debts, it’s a good idea to review your budget to ensure you can manage an additional monthly loan payment.

•   Debt-to-income ratio: Each personal loan impacts your debt-to-income ratio (DTI). This ratio measures how much of your monthly income goes toward current debt. A higher DTI can make it harder to qualify for other types of loans, such as a mortgage, in the future.

•   Higher interest rates: A lender could approve you for an additional personal loan but at a high annual percentage rate (APR) because of your existing debt.

Getting Multiple Loans From the Same Lender

Before applying for an additional personal loan from your current lender, it’s a good idea to check their policies. Some lenders limit the number of outstanding personal loans you can take out at one time or cap the total amount you can borrow. In addition, some lenders require that you make a certain number of consecutive on-time payments (such as three or six) toward an existing loan before you can apply for another loan.

If you believe you’ll meet the lender’s requirements for a second personal loan — and you feel comfortable making the additional monthly payment — getting an additional loan from the same lender could be a smart strategy.

Qualifying for Another Personal Loan

If you apply for a personal loan with another lender, you won’t have to worry about a cap on the number of loans you have or the combined amount you can borrow. However, you will have to go through the whole application process, and the lender will likely perform a hard credit check.

You can get an idea of whether or not you’ll get approved for an additional personal loan by calculating your current DTI. To do this, simply add up all your current debt payments, including any auto loans, mortgage, credit cards, and student loans. If that number comes close to 50% of your monthly gross (pre-tax) income, another personal loan may not be in the cards. The max DTI for a personal loan is typically 50%. However, many lenders like to see a DTI that is less than 36%.

Alternatives to Multiple Personal Loans

When you need to cover unexpected expenses, a personal loan can be a great resource — but it’s not your only option. Here are some alternatives to personal loans you might consider.

0% Interest Credit Card

If your credit is strong, you may be able to take advantage of a credit card with a 0% introductory APR. The promo rate can last up to 21 months; after that, the card will reset to its regular APR.

If you can use the card to cover your costs and repay the balance before the 0% rate ends, it’s the equivalent to an interest-free loan. If you’ll need a significantly longer period of time, however, this route could end up costing more than a personal loan.

Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit

A home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) may be worth exploring if you own a home and have built up significant equity. A home equity loan is a single lump sum you repay (plus interest) over time. A HELOC is a revolving line of credit that you can draw from as needed; you pay interest only on what you use. 

Home equity loans and HELOCs are secured by your home, which lowers risk for the lender. As a result, they may come with lower interest rates than personal loans. A major downside of this type of loan is that, if you default on the loan, you can lose your home.

Recommended: Secured vs Unsecured Personal Loans: Comparison 

The Takeaway

You can have as many personal loans as you like, provided you can get approved. Some lenders limit the number of loans they’ll extend to an individual at any one time, or cap the total amount one person can borrow. To get an additional personal loan with a new lender, you’ll need to meet their qualification requirements. Having an existing personal loan could make this harder to do. However, you may get approved if your monthly income is sufficient to cover the new payment.

Taking out more than one personal loan at once can be a good option if interest costs are lower than other borrowing options. But before you jump in, you’ll want to consider how it will impact your overall debt, credit score, and credit history. 

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

View your rate

FAQ

How long should you wait between loans?

A general rule of thumb is to wait at least six months between applying for new credit. Submitting multiple loan applications in a short time frame can result in several hard inquiries on your credit report, which can lower your credit score. It may also signal to lenders that you are in financial distress, which could make it harder to get approved for a new loan.

Do multiple loans affect credit score?

Multiple loans can positively and negatively impact your credit. Each new loan application can result in a hard inquiry on your credit report, which may temporarily lower your score. Having multiple loans can also increase your debt-to-income ratio, which can make you appear less creditworthy to lenders. If you consistently make on-time payments on all of your loans, however, it can positively impact your credit history over time.

What happens if you pay off a loan too quickly?

Paying off a loan early can have mixed effects. While it can save you interest payments, some lenders may charge prepayment penalties, which could offset the benefits of early repayment. When you’re shopping for loans, it’s a good idea to ask if there is an early payoff fee. Some lenders do not charge them.

Paying off a loan early can also have a slightly negative impact on your credit by bringing down your average credit history length and reducing your credit mix.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

SOPL-Q324-034

It’s common knowledge that a person’s credit score can have a significant impact on their ability to get the best deals on loans and credit cards. And those opportunities can potentially save borrowers many thousands of dollars over a lifetime. But exactly what the credit rating scale involves is a mystery to many people. That’s a problem for potential applicants who’d like to build their score before shopping around for a loan.

Read on to gain insights into how credit scores are calculated, what the different credit ranges mean, and what you can do to qualify for the best interest rates.

The Three Major Credit Bureaus

Credit bureaus are independent agencies that collect and maintain consumer credit information and then resell it to businesses in the form of a credit report. The Fair Credit Reporting Act allows the government to oversee and regulate the industry.

There are three major credit bureaus that most lenders pull data from:

•   Equifax®

•   Experian®

•   TransUnion®

Commonly used credit scoring systems are FICO® and VantageScore, each of which ranges from 300 to 850.

What Actually Factors into Your Credit Score?

Here’s a closer look at the popular FICO Score system, which uses a scoring model that sources data from credit bureaus to calculate your score. Elements used in the FICO scoring model (as of this writing, the latest version is FICO Score 10) include:

•   Payment history: 35%

•   Credit utilization: 30%

•   Length of credit history: 15%

•   Credit mix: 10%

•   New credit: 10%

Wondering what those terms mean? Here’s a closer look:

Payment History

Payment history looks at whether you pay your bills in a timely manner. Do you have a history of paying bills a couple weeks late, or are you the type who always pays your cable bill even before it is due? That’s the kind of thing that will come into play here.

Credit Utilization

“Amount owed” is pretty self-explanatory — it’s how much total debt you’re currently carrying. Your “credit utilization ratio” may not be quite so clear. That’s the amount of credit you actually use compared to the amount of credit available to you. Lenders generally like to see a credit utilization ratio of 30% or lower. Some even recommend no more than 10%.

Here’s an example: Say you owe $500 on each of two credit cards, and one has a credit limit of $1,000 and the other has a limit of $3,000. The amount you owe is $1,000 out of a credit limit of $4,000. So you are using 25% of your available credit. Your credit utilization is therefore 25%. 

Length of Credit History

This factor looks at the age of your oldest and newest accounts and the average age of all your accounts. To lenders, longer is better.

Credit Mix

Credit mix considers the variety of your debt — is it primarily credit card debt? Do you carry student loan debt or have a mortgage? A desirable mix is a combination of revolving debt (lines of credit, credit cards) and installment debt (loans with fixed repayment terms like student loans and car loans).

New Credit

New credit looks at what accounts have recently been opened in your name, or if you’ve taken out any new debts. Trying to access a considerable amount of credit in a short period of time can have a negative impact on your credit score.

Recommended: Credit Card Utilization: Everything You Need To Know

How’s Your Credit?

Where your credit score falls on the scoring table determines how “good” your credit is. Here’s a breakdown of the credit rating scale according to FICO standards.

•   Excellent or Exceptional: 800-850

•   Very Good: 740-799

•   Good: 670-739

•   Fair: 580-669

•     Poor: 300-579

Ready for a plot twist? Your credit score may not be consistent. Some reasons why:

•   There are different scoring systems, and variations in how various lenders and creditors report information. 

•   Also, FICO can tweak their algorithm depending on the type of loan you’re applying for. If you’re looking to get an auto loan, your industry-specific FICO Score may emphasize your payment history with auto loans and deemphasize your credit card history. In effect, each consumer has multiple credit scores.

•   You may also hear the phrase “educational credit score.” This can refer to the proprietary scoring models used by TransUnion and Equifax, not necessarily to be used by lenders, which can help educate consumers about their credit scores. Since they may or may not reflect the credit score that potential lenders use, it can be wise to make sure you know what kind of credit score you are viewing.

You are probably curious how your credit score stacks up to the national average. The average three-digit number in the U.S. is currently 714. 

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Trying to Build Your Credit Score With Credit Card Debt

You’ll notice that a lot of information around improving your credit scores focuses on debt reduction. After all, 30% of your FICO Score is based upon outstanding debt. By paying that down on time, you may be able to build your credit score. For this reason, one potential action item for those trying to have a positive impact on their credit history is to work on paying down credit card debt.

Credit card debt may be the highest-interest debt you’re carrying. Compare these numbers:

•   The average credit card interest rate on interest-accruing accounts with balances was 22.76% mid-2024, according to the Federal Reserve. 

•   A rate of 6.53% was established for federal undergraduate student loans for the 2024-2025 school year.

•   The average mortgage rate was 6.37% in September 2024 for fixed-rate, 30-year conforming loans. 

That means if you have credit card debt, it could be your fastest growing debt. By getting rid of it, you may be able to significantly reduce your outstanding debt. Here are a few techniques:

•   One way to get out of credit card debt is to consolidate it into a lower-interest option. With a balance transfer credit card, you can move your high-interest debt to a 0% interest card. The catch is that the 0% interest is temporary, and after a given amount of time (typically 12 to 21 months), the interest rate shoots up.

•   Another option is to take out a personal loan, which can consolidate multiple high-interest credit card debts into one monthly payment, often at a lower interest rate. For example, in September 2024, the average personal loan rate was 12.38% vs. almost 23% for credit cards, as noted above. Personal loans are typically unsecured loans with a fixed interest rate and terms of two to seven years. This could help you pay off your debt more quickly, which might help build your score. 

•   One other tip for potentially building your credit score: Thoroughly review your credit report for errors. Mistakes happen, and some of them can bring down your score. You can file a dispute online to correct or remove the information.

Recommended: Using a Personal Loan to Pay Off a Credit Card

The Takeaway

Credit scores, calculated based on information in your credit report, influence the interest rates you qualify for on loans and credit cards. The higher your score, the less you’ll likely pay in interest. The factors that determine your score include your history of on-time payments, your total debt compared to the amount of credit available to you, the types of debt you have managed, how much credit you have recently sought, and the age of your accounts. 

One of the best ways to build your credit score is to pay down credit card debt. A common way to consolidate high-interest credit card debt is with a low-interest personal loan. 

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

What are the levels of credit ratings?

The levels of credit ratings are typically:

•   Excellent (or Exceptional): 800-850

•   Very good: 740-799

•   Good: 670-739

•   Fair: 580-669

•   Poor: 300-579

How does the credit rating scale work?

Credit rating scales typically work by factoring in various indicators of an individual’s creditworthiness. For example, common components of your credit score will be your history of on-time payments, your credit utilization ratio, the length of your credit history, your credit mix, and how many new accounts you have applied for and how recently. These can indicate how well you have managed debt in the past and how likely you are to be responsible with credit in the future. 

How rare is a 700 credit score?

The current average credit score in the U.S. is 714, so a score of 700 or higher is not that rare. To be more specific, recent reports indicate that 17% of Americans have a score between 700-749, 24% are between 750-799, and 23% are between 800-850. In addition, credit scores tend to be higher among older generations.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOPL-Q324-042

A personal loan can be a useful option when you need to borrow money to cover a medical bill, fund a home repair, or consolidate debt. This kind of loan can offer a considerable lump sum of cash at a relatively low interest rate, but you may need at least a good credit score to qualify and fees can be charged.

Before you decide that a personal loan is right for you, it’s important to understand the pros and cons that come along with them. Here, the information that can help you make a wise choice. 

What Are Personal Loans?

What is known as a personal loan is money that you borrow from a bank, credit union, or online lender. Typically, it’s a lump sum amount you receive and, since it’s an installment loan, agree to repay the loan principal and interest at regular intervals — usually monthly.

The interest rate for a personal loan is likely to be fixed-rate, and the loan’s term is usually between two and seven years. 

When you apply for a personal loan, your lender will run a hard credit check, which will help determine your interest rate. Generally speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores have a better chance of being offered lower interest rates. The higher your interest rate, the more money it will cost you to borrow.

With many lenders, you will need a FICO® credit score of at least 580 to qualify, and a higher score will probably allow you to get more favorable rates. 

Recommended: 11 Types of Personal Loans

The Benefits of Personal Loans

Personal loans are a flexible option for borrowers looking to accomplish a variety of goals, from consolidating other debts to remodeling their home. Here’s a look at some of the advantages.

Comparatively Low Interest Rate

Personal loans offer relatively low interest rates when compared to other methods of short-term borrowing. The average personal loan interest rate is 12.38% as of August 2024. 

Credit cards by comparison have average interest rates of 22.76% for accounts with balances as of May 2024 according to the Fed. A personal line of credit, which allows the borrower to withdraw funds up to a limit during the draw period, may have interest rates that vary between 9.30% and 17.55%, depending on credit score and other variables.

Some forms of predatory short-term lending, such as payday loans, can charge the equivalent of many times these rates to borrow. Some even have annual percentage rates (APRs) of 300% to 400%, so it can be wise to proceed with caution and see what lower-cost sources of funding may be available.

Comparatively High Borrowing Limits

Small personal loans are usually for amounts of $3,000 or less. (Smaller loans often come with lower interest rates.) However, some lenders will offer large personal loans of up to $100,000 to cover major expenses and life events, which may be quite a bit more than other credit options.

The average credit limit for credit cards, by comparison, is $29,855, according to credit reporting bureau Experian®. 

Personal lines of credit often have a range of limits from $1,000 to $50,000, which can be more than a credit card but less than a personal loan.

Personal Loans Can Be Used for Many Things

Some types of loans must be used for designated purposes. Auto loans must be used to buy a car, and a mortgage must be used to finance a home. Personal loans, on the other hand, have few restrictions on how you must use the money, and you can generally use it for any legal purpose. 

Popular uses for personal loans can include:

•   Medical, dental, or car repair bills

•   Home improvement projects

•   Debt consolidation

•   Travel

•   Weddings or other major celebrations

•   Holiday shopping

•   Summer camp or other expenses for children

No Collateral Necessary

Unsecured personal loans are the most common type of personal loans. They are not backed by collateral, such as your car or home.

Some personal loans are secured, however, and require you to borrow against the equity in your personal assets, like a home or your savings. With a secured vs. unsecured personal loan, the lender can seize your collateral if you default, selling it to recoup their loss. As a result, secured loans present less risk for the lender and often come with lower interest rates than unsecured loans.

Simple to Manage

You can use personal loans to consolidate other higher-interest debt, for example, by paying off the balance on several high-interest credit cards. A single personal loan can offer less expensive interest, lowering the cost of your debt over time. And it may be easier to manage, since you only have one bill to pay each month.

Can Be Quick to Obtain

Policies will vary, but some lenders may offer same-day approval and funding within just a few days. 

Can Help Building Credit

Your lender will likely report your personal loan and payment history to the three credit reporting bureaus — Experian®, TransUnion®, and Equifax®. In fact, 35% of your FICO® score — the most commonly used credit score — is determined by your payment history. 

You can help build a strong credit history over time by avoiding late or missed payments.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

The Disadvantages of Personal Loans

These loans do have some downsides, which can potentially make personal loans a bad idea for some borrowers. Here’s a closer look.

Higher Interest Rates Than Some Alternatives

Personal loans may carry higher interest rates than some alternatives. For example, if you’re looking to remodel your home, you might consider taking out a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC). Keeping in mind the current average interest rate of 12.38% for personal loans, consider the following:

•   A home equity loan uses your home as collateral to offer you a lump sum of money to use. As of August 2024, the average interest rate on a 10-year fixed home equity loan was 8.62%  

•   A HELOC, on the other hand, is a form of revolving credit line that uses your home as collateral. You draw against your limit as needed during the draw period and, after a set number of years, enter the repayment period. As of August 2024, the average interest rate on a HELOC was 9.28%.  

Also, your rate will likely vary depending on your credit score: The higher your score, the lower your interest rate may be.

Fees and Penalties

Some lenders may charge fees and penalties in association with personal loans. For instance, an origination fee helps pay for the processing of your loan application and is usually equal to a percentage of the loan amount. Fortunately, it’s possible to avoid origination fees.

Lenders may also charge prepayment penalties if you pay off your loan ahead of schedule, to make up for profit they are losing on interest payments.

Can Increase Debt

Take out a personal loan only if you are sure you can pay it off and if it makes financial sense. For example, a home remodel could increase the value of your home, and consolidating credit card debt could save you money in interest payments. But taking out a personal loan to fund a lavish wedding could wind up interfering with your ability to save for the down payment on a house.

Avoid taking out a loan that is for more money than you need to avoid the risk of taking on more debt than necessary.

Alternatives to Personal Loans

In addition to personal loans, you may wish to explore other forms of credit that can help you finance big and small expenses.

•   Credit cards allow users to make purchases using credit. Borrowers must make minimum payments and owe interest on any balance they carry from month to month.

•   A personal line of credit (PLOC) is similar to a credit card. It allows you to tap your credit line as needed. Credit is replenished when you pay back your loan.

•   A home equity loan uses a borrower’s home as collateral. The value of the property contributes to determining the loan amount that is transferred to the borrower as a lump sum.

•   A home equity line of credit is a revolving source of credit, like credit cards and PLOCs. As with home equity loans, HELOCs use the borrower’s home as collateral.

The Takeaway

A personal loan is a type of installment loan, usually unsecured, that allows you to obtain a lump sum of money, typically at a fixed interest rate and to be repaid in up to seven years. The pros of these loans can include their flexibility (you can use the money as you like), lower interest rates than some other sources of funding, and the speed, high limits, and convenience they offer. Among the cons: the possibility of having to pay fees and penalties and the fact that you might be able to get a lower rate with a secured loan elsewhere.

If you’ve explored your options and decide that a personal loan is right for you, it’s wise to shop around to find the right loan. 

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

What is a personal loan?

A personal loan is a loan you receive from a bank, credit union, or online lender and can use for a variety of purposes. Borrowers pay back the principal and interest in regular installments. These loans are typically unsecured (meaning collateral is not needed) and offer a lump sum payment, usually at a fixed rate of interest, with a term of up to seven years.  

What can you use a personal loan for?

Personal loans have few usage restrictions. You can use them for everything from covering an unexpected medical bill to remodeling your kitchen to paying for a vacation or consolidating credit card debt.

How much money can you get from a personal loan?

Personal loan amounts typically range from $1,000 to $100,000, though some lenders may offer lower or higher amounts.

Photo credit: iStock/Anchiy

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOPL-Q324-044

A loan is a sum of money that is borrowed and then paid back, both principal and interest, within a specific time frame. The interest you pay is for the privilege of getting that lump sum of cash in hand.

Whether it’s to continue your education or buy a house, borrowing money can be the key to meeting longer-term goals, both financial and personal. There are many different kinds of loans available, including unsecured personal loans, secured mortgages, and many other options in between.

Here, you’ll learn the basics of lending, including a few of the most common types of loans, what you’ll need to successfully apply for them, and what you should know before making the significant and at times risky decision to borrow money.

Definition and Basic Concepts

As soon as you start shopping for loans of any kind, there are a few terms you’re likely to hear, some of which may be unfamiliar. Get up to speed with this glossary of words commonly used to define and describe loans.

•   The principal is the amount of money you’re borrowing from the lender. For instance, if you take out a loan for $17,500, then the principal amount is $17,500. However, every time you make a payment, you’ll pay both principal and interest, which is why you’ll end up paying back more than $17,500 altogether. (It may also be possible to make additional, principal-only payments, which can help you pay the loan off more quickly and pay less interest overall.)

It’s worth noting that this concept of principal is a key way that loans vary from credit lines: With a loan, you typically get a lump sum of cash, while with a line of credit (such as a home equity line of credit, or HELOC, or a credit card), you borrow varying amounts as you need funds.

•   Interest is the money you pay to the lender for the privilege of taking out the loan — or the cost of the loan. Interest is often expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR), which includes any additional fees as well as the interest itself.

•   A loan’s term is the lifespan of the loan, or the length of time you’ll have to pay it back. For example, a personal loan might have a 60-month (five-year) term, meaning you’ll make 60 monthly payments to repay the loan in full (unless you pay it off early). Mortgages tend to have longer terms: typically 15 or 30 years.

•   Collateral refers to an asset that, as part of the loan agreement, the lender can seize in the event you fail to repay what you owe. A loan with collateral is known as a secured loan, and common collateral items include vehicles (as with an auto loan) and houses (as with a mortgage).

•   Your lender might be a bank, credit union, or an online financial institution. It’s whichever business is lending you the money and collecting your payments.

•   The borrower is the person or entity borrowing money and paying it back as outlined in the loan agreement.

Types of Loans

While there are many different kinds of loans out there — home loans, auto loans, personal loans, and even holiday loans — they can all be separated into two main categories: secured loans and unsecured loans.

Secured Loans

As briefly mentioned above, secured loans are those that are backed by collateral.

Collateral gives the lending institution a guarantee that they’ll get a valuable asset out of the deal if the borrower fails to repay the loan in full. That means the loan is less risky for the lender, which may have slightly less stringent qualification requirements or might charge a lower interest rate.

Unsecured Loans

Unsecured loans, by contrast, are those that are not backed by collateral. Unsecured loans, like personal loans, are sometimes also called “signature loans,” since all you’re offering as collateral is your signed promise to repay the loan. Because they’re riskier for lenders, unsecured loans may have higher interest rates as well as more stringent eligibility requirements.

Unsecured loans can usually be used for just about any legal purpose, from home renovations to wedding costs. Many people take out personal loans for debt consolidation; say, as a path to paying off high-interest credit card debt.

Common Loan Terms

While the specific agreement of your loan will depend on multiple factors, including your lender and the type of loan you’re taking out, there are a few features that many different types of loans share.

APR

Your interest rate will likely be expressed as an APR percentage. APR includes not only the interest itself but also the other costs associated with the loan, such as origination fees.

APRs can vary tremendously depending on an array of factors, including the economy, the size of the loan, the type of loan, your credit score and history, and more. At the low end, some people who took out a mortgage in late 2020 or in 2021 may have an APR below 3.00%. Others who have less-than-stellar credit scores might currently have an APR of 30.00% if they are seeking out a personal loan on the larger, riskier side.

The higher your APR, the higher the cost of the loan. People with higher credit scores and positive financial profiles are more likely to qualify for lower-APR loans, which can save them substantial amounts of money in interest over time.

💡 Recommended: What Is A Personal Loan?

Fixed vs Variable Interest Rates

Along with APR, you should also understand the difference between fixed and variable interest rates.

•   As the name implies, fixed interest rates don’t vary over the entire lifetime of the loan. That means you can enjoy regular, predictable payments in the same amount every month.

•   Variable-rate loans, on the other hand, can fluctuate with the market (though are usually governed by caps that keep the rate from rising over a certain percentage). Variable-rate loans may have lower rates at first, making them attractive, but payments can rise substantially over the lifetime of the loan. Or in some economic climates, they might fall lower. In either scenario, a variable rate can make budgeting more difficult.

Amortization

Amortization describes the way a loan is gradually paid off (both principal and interest) over time. Payments are typically made over a particular schedule, such as monthly for a certain number of years.

For example, with a fixed-rate home loan, you’ll typically find that the mortgage amortization occurs so that, toward the beginning, the bulk of your payment is going toward interest rather than principal. (This helps ensure the bank gets paid for their service up front.) Over time, a greater and greater percentage of the payment will go toward principal. However, the actual amount you’re paying each month will never change.

You can see the effect of amortization for yourself using a mortgage calculator.

Prepayment Penalties

Prepayment penalties refer to costs the lender might charge if you pay off a large portion of your loan early or repay the entire loan before the term has elapsed. Prepayment penalties help lenders make money on loans where they won’t receive the full term’s worth of interest. Prepayment penalties can help compensate the bank for this loss of interest income.

For borrowers, though, these charges can feel like punishment for what is generally a positive financial behavior: paying off your debt early. Whenever possible, it can be wise to look for loans that don’t charge prepayment penalties.

Loan Process

So, now that you understand a bit more about how loans work, consider how you go about getting one.

While each lender will have their own specific procedures and policies, the basic loan process can be broken down into four basic steps.

•   Application. The lender will collect information from you about your employment history, income, and other financial factors, as well as verify your identity. These days, loan applications can usually be filled out online, though you may also be able to apply in person or over the phone.

•   Approval. Once your lender verifies all your information — usually including a hard credit check — they will either approve or deny your application. If you’ve been approved, you’ll be informed about the approval, though it still may take some time for the money to come through.
Timing on these steps can vary greatly; a personal loan might get same-day approval, while a home equity loan, which typically involves a home appraisal, could take weeks.

•   Disbursement refers to the money you’ve borrowed actually hitting your account. You may be able to set up direct deposit so the funds can find their way into your bank account without any additional steps, but in other cases the lender might cut you a physical check. With a home loan, a closing with various parties and/or their lawyers present might be required.

•   Repayment is the phase of the loan where you pay back the funds borrowed (the principal) and interest and fees over time. This typically reflects the agreement drawn up when your application was approved. As discussed above, the repayment period, or term, could be as short as a year or two or as long as several decades.

Factors Affecting Loan Approval

Applying for a loan doesn’t guarantee you’ll be approved. After all, before transferring a large sum of money, your lender is going to want to feel confident that you can repay the debt.

Some of the most important factors that affect loan approval are your credit score and credit history, income, debt-to-income ratio (DTI), and the value of any collateral you put on the table. Here’s a closer look.

•   Your credit score is the three-digit number (typically between 300 and 850) that summarizes your credit history and how well you have repaid debts in the past. You may actually have multiple credit scores due to different scoring models and the fact that each of the three major credit bureaus may report somewhat different information. Credit score monitoring can help you understand the health of your credit file over time.

•   Your income is the amount of money you have coming in, usually from employment (but also potentially from investment interest or other sources). Lenders generally want to see a reliable flow of income to help ensure borrowers will be able to continue making payments over the entire lifetime of the loan.

•   Your debt-to-income ratio or DTI is an expression of the amount of income you have every month compared to the amount of money that’s already promised to other creditors. Depending on the loan and the lender, you may be able to qualify for certain loans with a DTI of up to 50%, but generally, the lower, the better. Some mortgage lenders won’t offer a mortgage to borrowers with a DTI higher than 36%, for instance.

•   For secured loans, the value of your collateral, such as the car or home you’re financing, is also considered as part of the calculus. A high-value asset or collateral makes the deal substantially less risky for banks, since they’ll still get some value out of the loan even if you don’t repay it.

Pros and Cons of Borrowing

Sometimes, borrowing money really can be a smart financial move, but it almost always comes with costs, so it’s important to think through the decision carefully. Here are some of the basic pros and cons of borrowing money.

Pros:

•   Loans can help you access longer-term goals, like homeownership or college education, that might not be possible if you had to pay out of pocket.

•   In some cases, debt in the short term can help you increase your financial standing in the long term. For example, student loans can help you gain skills that increase your earnings; mortgages can allow you to own an asset that can appreciate over time; and personal loans used for loan consolidation could help you improve your overall financial standing faster.

•   With unsecured personal loans, you can use funds for just about any purpose — making them flexible and convenient.

•   Some loans are quick and convenient; certain types can send money your way in just days.

•   Making on-time payments can help build your credit score over time.

Cons:

•   In almost all cases, loans cost money. High interest rates can mean purchases could cost far more than they would in cash over time.

•   If you fall behind on payments or carry large balances of revolving debt, loans could have a negative impact on your credit score.

•   Loans payments can stretch your budget, making it difficult to make ends meet each month and accomplish other financial goals, such as saving for retirement.

•   Certain kinds of loan applications can be time-consuming and can leave you waiting a long while to learn whether or not you are approved.

•   If you have a secured loan, you risk losing your collateral if you cannot keep up with your payments.

•   If you have a lower credit score, borrowing money can be more expensive, which can make your loan debt burdensome.

Alternatives to Traditional Loans

While traditional loans from a bank have long been available to borrowers, there are alternative resources worth considering if you need cash.

•   Credit cards are a common way for people to pay for things today with money they hope to have tomorrow. However, it’s wise to avoid using a credit card to buy more than you can afford to pay off before the grace period ends. Credit cards tend to have high interest rates (and higher still if you take a cash advance), and compounding can get out of hand fast.

•   Lines of credit may be available, such as a personal line of credit or a HELOC, allowing you to borrow funds up to a limit, with interest accruing.

•   Cash advance apps can help you access money from your next paycheck early, though the amount available tends to be relatively small.

•   Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms are an alternative way to borrow that’s funded primarily by private investors. Some people who’ve been turned down for traditional loans may still qualify for P2P loans.

•   Family loans can work in some instances — depending, of course, on your family finances and dynamics. To avoid putting strain on a relationship, it’s often a good idea to formally write up a loan agreement including any required interest, the expected loan term, and what happens if the borrower defaults.

•   Buy now, pay later options can allow you to purchase an item and pay it off in installments, sometimes interest-free. This could be a way to snag, say, a new kitchen appliance when you don’t have cash in hand.

•   Payday loans allow you to borrow against your next paycheck, but proceed with extreme caution. The APRs on these can add up to 400% in some cases.

The Takeaway

A loan involves accessing a sum of money that you repay over time with interest to the lender, according to the terms of your agreement. Borrowing money can help you achieve your dreams, such as owning your own home or getting a graduate degree — but it usually comes at a cost, so it’s always worth proceeding with caution before signing on the dotted line. Understanding the full cost of the loan and its pros and cons will help you make an informed decision.

Are you considering a personal loan for debt consolidation, travel, home renovations, or another purpose? See what SoFi offers.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

How does interest on a loan work?

Interest is the price you pay for the privilege of borrowing money. With most loans, interest is expressed as an APR, or annual percentage rate, which includes not only the interest rate itself but also any additional costs to the loan, like origination fees.

What’s the difference between a loan and a line of credit?

With a loan, you usually receive a lump sum of money up front which you then repay over the course of months or years. With a line of credit, instead of a lump sum, you receive a credit limit — the maximum amount you can borrow based on your financial credentials. From that amount, you borrow what you need up to your limit, and you can repay the line of credit and borrow again.

How do I choose the right type of loan for my needs?

The first step to choosing the right loan for your needs is to understand that there is a huge array of financial products available. What are loans can vary tremendously. For example, if you need money to buy a vehicle, a secured auto loan may have lower interest rates than a personal loan. If you need funds for a wedding, a personal loan may be the right option. It’s also worthwhile to shop around with different lenders once you know the type of loan you want. That can help you find the best possible loan terms, including the lowest interest rate.

Are there tax implications for taking out a loan?

There may be tax implications. The interest you pay on a mortgage is usually tax-deductible. In the case of personal loans, since they have to be repaid, they’re not considered income, so you won’t have to pay taxes on the disbursement. If the loan is forgiven, though, the cancellation of the debt may be considered its own form of income and may be subject to taxation on that basis. You may want to check in with a tax professional regarding your particular situation.

Photo credit: iStock/efetova

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOPL-Q324-023

Holiday loans are personal loans marketed toward those looking for extra money to pay for holiday expenses. In other words, they’re personal loans with some tinsel thrown on them. They are marketed to help people afford such seasonal spending as gifts, airfare to visit relatives, or the cost of renting a ski chalet for a big celebration.

Like other personal loans, holiday loans are usually offered at a fixed interest rate, and payments are made in regular monthly installments. However, even though they often come with lower interest rates than credit cards, taking out a holiday loan might not be the best financial move. Learn more here.

Understanding Holiday Loans

Holiday loans are basically defined as personal loans, with some seasonal flair. They may also be marketed as Christmas loans, depending on the financial institution that’s offering them.

The bank may list a variety of ways to use the money you get in a holiday loan, such as gift buying or holiday travel, but once the funds hit your account — just like with any other personal loan — you can use them for just about anything. There’s no need to verify that you put the funds toward, say, a new bike for your sweetie or a luxe hotel stay for the entire family.

Like other personal loans, holiday loans are usually unsecured. This means you don’t use a tangible asset like your home or a car as collateral, which means they may have higher interest rates on average than some other kinds of loans. They may also have more stringent qualification requirements, since an unsecured loan is a riskier prospect for the lender.

Features of Holiday Loans

The specific features of each holiday loan, including the amount available to borrow, will vary depending on the lender.

•   Typical loan amount: Some banks may cap their holiday loans at relatively low amounts, like $2,000, while others might offer tens of thousands of dollars to borrowers, as long as they can meet the eligibility requirements.

•   Interest rate: Most holiday loans come with a fixed interest rate. Because holiday loans are unsecured, interest rates tend to be higher than they are for secured loans like mortgages and car payments. For the 2023 holiday season, holiday loan rates ranged from approximately 7.99% to 13.99% annual percentage rate, or APR. However, these numbers will fluctuate with the economy and other factors, such as your credit score.

•   Loan term: A typical loan term (or repayment period) is a year or longer. Some holiday loans may come with terms as long as five years, which is a long time to be paying off a Christmas gift, tickets to the Nutcracker ballet, or a holiday party, no matter how awesome it was.

•   Fees: Be sure to read the fine print, because some holiday loans may also include additional fees like origination fees or early repayment penalties. If you take out a large high-interest loan, you may want to repay it more quickly than the term calls for to save money on overall interest.

•   Application process: Many Christmas holiday loans and other variations can be applied for online. You’ll likely need to upload certain documentation to prove your identity and your earnings. However, if you prefer an in-person process vs. a holiday loan online application, you may find a bank or credit union in your area offers this option.

Pros and Cons of Holiday Loans

Like any financial decision, there are both benefits and drawbacks to consider when it comes to holiday loans.

Pros:

•   Quick money upfront for holiday expenses (perhaps helping you achieve the “best holiday ever”)

•   No need to put down collateral

•   Longer payoff terms can keep monthly payments relatively low

•   Easy online application process

Cons:

•   High interest rates can mean you’ll likely pay a lot more for that gift or party than you would have in cash

•   Interest rates may be higher than other sources of funding

•   Origination fees and early repayment penalties could increase costs even more

•   Payoff terms of several years can keep you in debt long after that holiday season is remembered

Who Should Consider a Holiday Loan?

In many cases, financial advisors recommend against going into debt to pay for a seasonal celebration. Interest charges mean you’ll pay more for everything you purchase than you would if you bought items with cash. Even the best holiday trip or Hanukkah present may not be worth paying hundreds or even thousands of extra dollars in interest.

However, sometimes there are compelling reasons to take out that holiday loan. Maybe your family is about to move cross-country and you want to have a special celebration with relatives. Or you and your partner want to use the holiday as the occasion to get a much-needed new car.

Whatever the case, you are likely to have the best outcome with a holiday loan if you are confident you can repay the loan in full, preferably ahead of its full term. That can help you dodge some of the interest charges. Just be sure to check the fine print so you won’t be subject to any early repayment penalties.

Recommended: Affordable Ways to Celebrate the Holidays

Alternatives to Holiday Loans

If you want to enjoy an unforgettable season, there are alternatives to holiday loans worth considering.

Saving Up in Advance

Yes, you’ve probably thought of this one — but as mentioned, going into debt almost always means paying interest, and interest means each purchase costs far more than it otherwise would. Planning ahead and perhaps making automatic transfers into a savings account over the months prior to the holiday season can be a smart move.

Using Credit Cards Strategically

If you have access to a credit card with a high enough limit, it might be an alternative to a holiday loan. Again, though, if you want to avoid paying interest, make sure you’re in a position to pay it off in full before the grace period ends.

You may also be able to apply for a new credit card that offers a 0% interest promotional period. Usually, these periods last about a year, which could give you more time to pay off the holiday debt without accruing interest. But again, make sure you can pay it off in full before time runs out. Otherwise, you may face interest rates even higher than you would with holiday loans.

Other Financing Options

As the holidays roll around, you might also consider some other ways to pay for seasonal expenses.

•   You could take out a standard personal loan (vs. one marketed as for the holidays). This will typically have a lower interest rate than credit cards. See how these compare to holiday loans before you commit.

•   You might see if a close friend or family member would be willing to loan you some money; just make sure to honor the terms of repayment so as not to rock your relationship.

•   Buy now, pay later offers allow you to purchase items on a form of layaway plan.

•   Another possible source of funding could be a P2P loan, which involves individuals lending and borrowing to one another without a bank’s involvement.

Recommended: How Much Will a Personal Loan Cost You?

The Takeaway

Holiday loans are personal loans marketed to people looking for extra money to spend on holiday expenses. While some are on the smaller side (up to $2,000), some lenders will approve tens of thousands of dollars to borrowers for holiday purchases and celebrations. Compare options carefully, though. You likely don’t want to spend any longer than necessary paying off holiday expenses. Shop around for the right terms to suit your financial situation.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

Is it difficult to get a holiday loan?

Because holiday loans are unsecured loans, which can be a relatively high-risk venture for the lending bank, they may have more stringent application requirements than secured loans like mortgages and auto loans. However, some lenders may advertise holiday loans for bad credit. These can come with even higher interest rates and fees than other similar loans, though.

Are holiday loans common?

Holiday loans aren’t the most common type of personal loan; personal loans are more commonly taken out by people consolidating debt or renovating their houses. But holiday loans are certainly not unheard of, and many lenders advertise them specifically.

Do banks typically offer holiday loans?

While not every bank offers holiday loans, many banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions offer regular, unsecured personal loans. Funds from those loans can be used to pay for holiday expenses. (In fact, many holiday loans are essentially the same product as personal loans.) No matter what kind of loan you’re taking out, always be sure you understand the full fee structure, including the total amount of interest you stand to pay over the lifetime of the loan, up front.

Photo credit: iStock/Tempura

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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