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A debt validation letter is a document — typically from a collections company — that shares the recorded details of an outstanding debt. This letter contains the amount you owe, the name of the original creditor, the date by which you’re required to pay the collections company, and the instructions for how to dispute it. It should also advise you that, if you plan to dispute the debt, the dispute must be filed within 30 days.

Obtaining a debt validation letter is an important step toward disputing a fraudulent debt or repaying a legitimate one. Read on to learn more about how a debt validation letter works and what to do if you receive one.

Defining a Debt Validation Letter

If a debt collector contacts you by phone, you should ask them to contact you in writing instead. That way, you will have an easy-to-reference document in hand, and you may be able to protect yourself from too frequent debt collection calls as well as from scammers.

Once you make your request, the collections agency is required to send you a debt validation letter, which lists the following information:

•   Debt collections agency’s information

•   Original creditor’s information (for example, a credit card company)

•   Account number associated with the debt

•   Amount owed

•   Information about how to file a dispute, including a tear-off form to make taking the next step easier

Once you have a debt validation letter, you can take a closer look to ensure you recognize the original debt. Then you can make a plan to repay it if it’s legitimate — or begin the dispute process if you have any doubts.

Purpose and Legal Basis

No matter what type of debt they’re seeking repayment for, collections agencies are legally required to offer debt validation letters. These ensure they’re seeking remuneration for legitimate debts only.

There are laws governing how often a debt collections agency can contact you. According to the Debt Collection Rule, which is part of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, it’s a violation of the law for debt collectors to call you more than seven times within a seven-day period or within seven days after getting you on the phone about a specific debt.

However, these restrictions do not apply to text messages, emails, or even contact via social media. Fortunately, though, such messages are required to offer a simple opt-out option.

When to Request Debt Validation

If you receive a validation of debt letter and you’d like to file a dispute, you can send a letter requesting proof that you owe the debt in the first place. The collections agency must be able to provide this proof, which is called debt verification, in order to continue to pursue your payment or report the debt to credit bureaus. You can also use this moment to formally ask the creditor not to contact you in any way other than written letters.

However, again, it’s critical that you ask for debt verification in a timely manner — as soon as possible after receiving the original debt validation letter. Debts that are not disputed within 30 days are presumed to be valid by the collector, so be sure to take care of the matter as quickly as possible.

Recommended: How to Pay Off Debt in 9 Steps

Debt Validation Process

Once you request debt verification, the collector must provide proof that you owe the original debt. This may include documentation from the original creditor. Some key next steps to know:

•   If the debt collections agency cannot provide this proof, they are legally required to stop pursuing your payment.

•   If they continue to do so, or report an invalid, fraudulent debt to the credit bureaus, damaging your credit history and score, you can sue them.

Benefits of Debt Validation Letters

If funds you legitimately owe have gone to collections, paying the debt off as quickly as possible is usually the best policy. Having a debt in collections can be very bad for your credit score, and collections agencies may be able to charge additional interest or even take you to court.

If you do need to pay off the debt, you can explore your options, such as finding a budgeting method that suits your needs or taking out a personal loan.

However, if the debt is not legitimate or the collections agency can’t definitively prove you owe the debt, requesting validation and verification can help you successfully file a dispute. This can also help you avoid paying money you don’t owe (as well as ongoing negative impacts to your credit history).

Recommended: Becoming Debt-Free

Drafting an Effective Debt Dispute Letter

A properly executed debt dispute letter should make it clear that you do not recognize the debt and believe it is not yours in the first place. You should also request documentation that proves you incurred the debt. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau offers a letter template that you can use in this scenario, which makes the process as simple as personalizing the letter, printing it out, and sending it to the agency.

The Takeaway

A debt validation letter is a document that lists how much you owe, to whom you owe it, and who is trying to collect it. It also informs you about your right to dispute the debt. Once you receive a validation of debt letter, you can begin the dispute process by requesting debt verification. In addition, a debt validation letter can help you move forward if you are dealing with too frequent contact from a creditor or believe a scam may be involved.

Becoming debt free can be challenging — but it’s possible. One helpful tool could be a personal loan.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

Do I have to pay a debt if validation is not provided?

If a collections agency contacts you, you should request a debt validation letter — because the agency is required by law to produce validation and verification if they are to continue to pursue your repayment. Additionally, having a debt validation letter in hand is the first step toward filing a dispute if it turns out the debt is illegitimate.

What happens if the creditor doesn’t respond to the validation letter?

If a collections agency does not respond to your request for a debt validation letter, it may be a scam — as all legitimate collections agencies are legally required to validate debts. If the organization continues to harass you, you may want to seek legal counsel in order to ask them to cease and desist.

How long does a creditor have to respond to a debt validation request?

First things first: As the consumer receiving a debt validation letter or notice of collections attempts, you must request debt verification or dispute the debt within 30 days. While there’s not a specific set timeline in which a collector must respond to your debt validation request, if they can prove the debt, their motivation for repayment means you’ll probably hear from them sooner than later.

Photo credit: iStock/sturti

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPL-Q324-018

Turning a new space into a home can be daunting. By far the hardest part of furnishing a house from scratch is figuring out where to start. One good first step is deciding on a budget — ideally, before you move out of your old place.

However you proceed, recognize that it’ll take some trial and error: At some point, you’re going to realize that something you had your heart set on is not what you want to spend your money and time on after all.

Whether you’re a minimalist or maximalist, we’ll show you tips for furnishing a home on a realistic timeline and budget.

6 Tips for Furnishing a Home

The key to finding the right home furnishings is to follow your instincts. There isn’t one universal definition of good taste. This is your taste, and your home. Here are a few guidelines.

1. Consolidate Your Stuff

Before you set a budget for new home furnishings, walk through your old place and identify what you want to keep (if anything) and what you’ll need to purchase. A new home is the perfect opportunity to say goodbye to pieces that don’t suit your lifestyle anymore. (“What would Marie Kondo do?” is still a good mantra.)

Start with the key pieces of furniture you’ll need for your home to be functional — beds, couches, dining table, area rugs. Did you recently purchase your dream bed, or have you had the frame since college? Decide what to move and what to chuck.

You can sell or donate furniture, depending on value.

2. Prep Before the Schlep

A rule of thumb for interior decoration: Pulling up carpeting and painting the walls are much easier to do before any furniture is brought into the house. Before move-in day, create a list of any changes you would like to make to the existing interior. Ask yourself if you want to include minor home repairs in this budget or create a separate one.

Here are some basics to consider before furnishing a house:

•   Walls and ceilings: Choose a paint color, patch holes, remove popcorn ceilings

•   Floors: Remove or add carpet, put in hardwood floors, refinish floors

•   Appliances: Select kitchen appliances, bring in a washer and dryer, install ceiling fans and lighting fixtures

•   Kitchen and bath upgrades: Redo the kitchen counters, choose a backsplash, retile the bathroom

•   Laundry room: A laundry room remodel can create a more efficient space or a room with a dual function.

Once you’ve made the list of potential changes, determine what needs to be tackled now and what can wait. You may be able to live with the blue tile in the kitchen, for instance, but the pink walls in the bedroom aren’t going to cut it. Next, determine what you can do yourself and what will require professional attention. You may want to research reliable contractors in your new neighborhood before you need one.

3. When Buying Furniture, Start with Key Rooms

The living room and main bedroom are two places you likely spend the most time in, so these are good rooms to prioritize. You don’t need to have a fully organized pantry before you have an acceptable place to sleep.

A bed and a couch may be worth spending extra money on in order to get something that will last for years and tie the room together.

•   Bedroom: A good bed frame and mattress are wise investment pieces. And it can be a good idea to choose a whole bedroom vibe before buying new pieces so that you have a cohesive theme.

•   Living room: A couch is the centerpiece here, so that’s the investment piece (and a good decor starting point). Consider size, comfort, and color. A big TV or entertainment center may also be part of the equation.

•   Home office: You may be able to offset some of the cost with a home-office tax deduction.

4. Keep Things Organized While You Unpack

The two elements that really shape the feng shui of a home are organization and decor. An organized pantry or closet makes life easier, while a curated bookshelf can subtly affect the feel of an entire room.

See what you already have that can be functional — baskets, bins, and such. As you unpack your belongings, use these tools to stay organized. Depending on your lifestyle, organizational outlays for your new home could range from slimline hangers to a closet remodel.

5. Little Things Add to the Big Picture

Lay out all the decor pieces you own, including art, books, family heirlooms, photographs, trays, candles, and vases. Ideally, you’ve gone through most of this stuff in the consolidation phase and kept only things that are meaningful to you or fit your home’s aesthetic.

Once you see everything in one place, begin picking out things that go together. There are no wrong answers here — you might choose travel books for your office and a series of family heirlooms and photographs for your bedroom. This is the most forgiving aspect of interior decoration because smaller decor pieces can be easily shifted.

Once all of your belongings are in place and the art is hung, you can browse online to find some great pieces that resonate with you and your space. Now may be the time to frame that print you’ve been hanging on to, or to splurge on the perfect pillows for your couch. These may seem like small additions, but they can make a huge difference.

Recommended: Four Ways to Upgrade Your Home

6. Space Out the Purchase of Big-Ticket Items

It’s OK if your home looks like a work in progress for a while. Once you’ve consolidated, organized, and decorated, you may want to buy your investment pieces. Pick three or four non-negotiables — perhaps a bed, sofa, television, and live edge dining table — and get those into the house. Then focus on buying art, rugs, and lights you’ve been eyeing.

How Much Does It Cost to Furnish a House?

One way to estimate interior costs is to set a budget that’s a percentage of your home’s price. This can range from 10% to 50%, depending on your finances. For a $400,000 home, for instance, you’re looking at a baseline of $40,000.

Remember, that includes any painting, flooring work, and minor updates in addition to new home furnishings. That figure also accounts for all interior-related costs in your first few years of home ownership: the inexpensive starter pieces you tolerated until the perfect item materialized, the well-intentioned mistakes, and so forth.

If you don’t have a separate fund earmarked for new home furnishings, it can be hard to come up with a chunk of cash right after closing. One option is taking out a personal loan. In fact, funding home updates and furnishings is one of the most common uses for personal loans.

There are different types of personal loans. Typically, you can borrow between $5,000 and $100,000, and pay it back in equal installments over a term of up to seven years. Fixed interest rates for personal loans tend to be lower than for credit cards.

Here are some cost ranges for key pieces to help you create a budget.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

Painting: $966 and $3,071

The cost of paint supplies will depend on the number of rooms, amount of trim for doors and windows, and the quality of the paint. Paint is about $20-$30 per gallon, but a designer brand can cost much more than that. A gallon of paint covers about 400 square feet, and two coats may be recommended. Factor in all the myriad paint supplies to buy if you DIY.

Expect to pay a painter $2 to $6 per square foot for labor and materials, according to Home Advisor. For a 2,300 square foot home, you can pay from $4,000 to $11,000.

Bed: $200 to $2,000 and Up

Simple bed frames are available from IKEA or Wayfair in the $100-$200 range. Inexpensive bed frames and headboards are also easy to find at thrift stores and yard sales. While you may not want to furnish your entire house with thrifted pieces, one or two second-hand items can free up a lot of cash to put toward a couch or higher-end mattress.

You can also find mid-priced selections from $300 to $1,000 at those retailers as well as more design-driven vendors such as West Elm, Raymour & Flanigan, and Crate and Barrel.

Mattress: $300 to $2,000 and Up

Mattress-in-a-box brands such as Zinus, Allswell, and Nectar offer mattresses starting at a few hundred dollars. Higher-end brands like West Elm, Raymour & Flanigan, and Tempur-Pedic can run upwards of $3,000.

Sofa: $200 to $3,000

The IKEAs, Wayfairs, and Targets of the world offer many starter pieces for a few hundred dollars. Midrange selections run from $300 to $1,000 from these and other retailers, such as Ashley Furniture, West Elm, Raymour & Flanigan, Crate & Barrel, and CB2.

At the higher end of the spectrum, more sophisticated designs are available at Roche Bobois, Ligne Roset, Design Within Reach, and other luxury brands. And don’t forget second-hand designer marketplaces — such as Apt Deco, Kaiyo, 1st Dibs — and antique stores.

Dressers and Wardrobes: $200 to $5,000 and Up

Bedroom furniture can be found at the same kinds of retailers and run from modest to extravagant. While coordinating bedroom sets used to be de rigueur, in recent years they’ve been replaced by a less matchy-matchy aesthetic.

Recommended: 25 Tips for Buying Furniture on a Budget

Rugs: $30 to $1,000 and Up

Rugs are a cost that’s easy to forget about, and they can be a lot more expensive than you expect. A high-quality Persian rug can run thousands of dollars, but some of the midrange retailers discussed have area rugs starting at $100. Look out for Labor Day and Black Friday sales, too.

Organizational Pieces: $20 to $300 and Up

Baskets, bins, storage ottomans, and closet systems can bring order to chaos. The Container Store offers inspiration.

What Home Decor Style Fits Your Personality Quiz

The Takeaway

When furnishing a home, start with a budget. One rule of thumb suggests putting aside 10% to 50% of your home’s price for interior decorating. Before you move, cull your belongings and prepare the new space for move-in (pulling up carpet, redoing countertops, remodeling a closet). Then identify initial key purchases. Many homeowners today choose a mix of high- and low-end furnishings, plus second-hand items from thrift stores and online designer dealers.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

What is a good budget for furnishing a new home?

Some experts recommend setting your home furnishings budget as a percentage of your home’s price: say, 10% to 50%. That includes any cosmetic work done on the interior before you move in, as well as new home furnishings and decor pieces.

Can you furnish your home with a personal loan?

If you have an emergency fund tucked away and feel comfortable making another monthly payment on top of your mortgage, a personal loan can be a good option. In fact, home furnishings and updates are one of the most common uses for a personal loan. Just be prepared to prove to lenders that your debt-to-income ratio will remain below 36%.

Can you furnish a new home with a $10,000 personal loan?

A personal loan can be a good option for covering new home furnishings. Just make sure $10,000 will cover your costs — you can’t add to a personal loan amount after the fact. One rule of thumb suggests budgeting 10% to 50% of your home’s price for furnishings and interior updates.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOPL-Q324-028

Loan stacking is the process of applying for multiple loans within an extremely short timeframe to get a lot of money fast. It typically occurs with borrowers applying online for funding, and both individuals and businesses may pursue this path to secure cash.

While loan stacking is not technically illegal, it can lead borrowers to take on more debt than they can comfortably repay — potentially wreaking havoc on their credit scores. Meanwhile, lenders stand to lose a lot of money via loan stacking as borrowers may default on these loans at a higher rate than with single loans. For this reason, some have policies against it written into their loan terms.

In short: Loan stacking is probably not a smart move, even if you’re trying to shore up your finances quickly. Here’s a closer look at this practice.

Defining Loan Stacking

Loan stacking is defined as taking out multiple loans in a short period of time in order to access large amounts of money. It typically happens via securing loans online.

While many consumers have multiple personal loans or credit cards, loan stacking is different because of the speed with which the loan applications are submitted and processed.

Some people and businesses may be legitimately trying to secure multiple loans (say, they’ve discovered they can’t increase the amount of a personal loan they already have and urgently need to fund major home repairs).

However, others who engage in loan stacking may have no intention of ever repaying the loans; they just want access to large amounts of cash fast. This can constitute loan stacking fraud.

How Loan Stacking Works

Given the speed with which many online lenders approve applications — faster, sometimes, than hard inquiries can show up on a credit report — borrowers may be able to secure multiple loans from different lenders in quick succession. When that happens, the borrower may be approved for large amounts of credit they might not otherwise have qualified for. (A lender might have declined to offer a loan if the applicant’s credit report had reflected the other loans being sought.) With a significant amount of debt secured, these borrowers could default on one or all of their loans.

That said, many financial institutions are wise to the ways of loan stacking and may include language against it in the fine print of the contract you sign to apply for the loan.

That means that if you’re engaging in loan stacking, you’re breaking the contract — which could nullify it or, in extreme cases, constitute fraud.

Recommended: What Are Personal Loans Used For?

Risks and Consequences of Loan Stacking

If you feel you need a lot of money in a short amount of time, loan stacking can be tempting. However, there are some serious risks and consequences to consider.

•   Increased debt burden. Obviously, if you borrow a lot of money, you’re going to owe a lot of money — more than you may be reasonably able to pay off. This can add to your financial stress and keep you from other goals, such as saving for the down payment on a house.

•   High interest costs. Most loans aren’t free. Even if you qualify for interest rates on the lower end of the spectrum, when you have multiple loans at the same time, interest can quickly add up.

•   Potential default. If you fail to repay your loans on time, they may go into default and be sent to collections. This can negatively impact both your credit score and your peace of mind. Collections agencies are within their rights to call you daily and may do so until they’re instructed otherwise in writing.

•   Negative credit impact. Aspects of loan stacking can negatively affect your credit score over time. (The amount you owe, for instance, accounts for 30% of the calculation. Getting a stack of loans will send debt higher and likely lower your score.) High interest charges and surging debt levels can cause you to make late payments or miss them altogether, further harming your three-digit number.

In these ways, loan stacking can have significant negative implications for your financial and overall wellbeing.

Recommended: Understanding Personal Loan Interest Rates

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Along with the negative ramifications on your financial standing and credit report, there are also legal and ethical reasons to think twice before loan stacking.

•   As mentioned above, some lenders have explicit policies against taking out multiple loans at the same time. While loan stacking may not technically be illegal, this means that you’d be breaking the lender’s rules.

•   If you carefully read the fine print on the application, you may see that you’re required to disclose any other loans (such as a personal loan or a HELOC) that you’ve recently applied for or taken out. These disclosure requirements mean if you fail to share this information, you may be committing application fraud. At the very least, the contract may be rendered null and void if the lending company discovers what you’re doing.

•   In more serious cases (say, in which other crimes occur), fines, legal fees, and even jail time could be involved.

Alternatives to Loan Stacking

If you’re making the wise decision to avoid loan stacking, there are alternatives that could help you get the financial relief you need without the risks that this tactic carries.

•   Debt consolidation loans. If the reason you’re looking to borrow money is to pay off other money you’ve borrowed, debt consolidation might be the right answer. This involves taking out a new personal loan to consolidate your debt (or balance transfer credit card) to pay off your existing debt and simplify your life by making just a single payment each month.

This financial move, if it involves personal loans, may offer the added bonus of lowering your overall interest rate.

•   Credit counseling. Bad credit habits are unlikely to resolve themselves without intervention. This means that even if you successfully pay down your debt, you might find yourself right back in the same “I owe too much” place in a few months or years. Credit counseling can help you get out of debt and ensure you avoid it going forward.

This service is often offered for free or for a low fee by nonprofit organizations. A certified counselor can help you assess your situation and take steps to better manage your money.

•   Negotiating with current lenders. Even if they don’t advertise it, many lenders will negotiate with you to help lower your monthly payments or extend the time you have to repay your loan. Extending a loan can involve paying more interest over the life of the loan, but it may be a wise move if money is tight and you are struggling with debt.

•   Exploring other funding sources. Taking out a single, large personal loan might be a better idea than loan stacking. In addition, you could also look into borrowing funds from friends and family or peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, a method of borrowing in which people borrow and lend money to one another without a bank being involved.

If you are considering loan stacking, it may be a smart step to consider these alternatives and find one that best fits your current situation.

Recommended: How to Apply for a Personal Loan

The Takeaway

Loan stacking — taking out multiple loans online from different lenders in a short timeframe — can be a dangerous move that can worsen a bad financial situation. It can lead to considerable debt and hefty interest charges, harming your credit score and your financial and emotional status.

If you need cash quickly, other options, such as securing a single personal loan, may be a better path forward.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

Is loan stacking legal?

While loan stacking is technically not illegal, some lenders may have explicit policies against it. This means you may not be qualified for additional credit or borrowed funds if the lender sees that you’ve recently successfully applied for another loan. Additionally, using someone else’s name or personal information to apply for a loan is identity theft or identity fraud, which is a crime.

Can you stack personal loans?

While it’s certainly possible to have more than one personal loan, loan stacking on purpose can backfire. If you borrow more than you can afford to pay back on time, you can tank your credit score. Furthermore, these days, many lenders are wise to loan stacking, and they may not approve your application if they see another recent hard credit check on your file.

What are the risks of loan stacking?

Loan stacking can quickly put the borrower deeply in debt, potentially making it impossible to repay the loans in a timely fashion. This, in turn, can be devastating for their credit score and financial wellbeing. Additionally, since many lenders see loan stacking as a risk to their business, some have beefed up their underwriting process to prevent loan stacking, so you may simply be denied. Finally, if you falsify any information on your loan application or apply for multiple loans with no intention of repaying them, you may be guilty of application fraud, which can lead to fines and other consequences.

Photo credit: iStock/porcorex

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

SOPL-Q324-017

A home equity loan is a secured loan, using your home as collateral, while a personal loan is unsecured, meaning you don’t put up any collateral. Beyond this key difference, these borrowing options are similar in that both are typically lump-sum, fixed-rate loans that you’ll repay over a specific length of time.

If you’re wondering which is the better choice for your current financial needs, it can be wise to take a closer look at how each one works and the pros and cons involved.

What Is a Home Equity Loan?

Sometimes referred to as a second mortgage, a home equity loan allows you to use your home as collateral when you need to borrow money. Here are a few key points to note:

•   With this type of loan, the amount you can borrow is based on the equity you have in your home. Your home equity is the difference between your home’s current value and what you currently owe on your mortgage. Lenders may require that you have a minimum amount of equity (typically, at least 15% to 20%) to qualify.

•   If you’re a new homeowner, you may not have built up enough equity to qualify for this type of loan. But if you made a substantial down payment, you’ve owned your home for a while, or your home’s value has increased substantially since you purchased it, a home equity loan could be an option worth considering.

•   Lenders typically offer more competitive terms for this type of secured loan because it’s a lower risk for them. To put it another way: If the borrower defaults, they can foreclose on the property and recover the amount they’re owed.

Recommended: Understanding Home Equity

How Does a Home Equity Loan Work?

Home equity loan funds are generally distributed in a lump sum with fixed-rate monthly payments, though variable-rate options are offered by some lenders. Repayment periods can vary from five to 30 years. Here’s a closer look at how they work:

•   When you apply, you can expect lenders to look at your personal creditworthiness, including your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) and credit score. In most cases, you will need a credit score of 680 or higher to unlock favorable terms. A higher three-digit score may help you get approved for a better rate.

•   Your lender will likely require a home appraisal to verify your home’s value. (This is one of the reasons why snagging a home equity loan can be a more time-consuming process than getting an unsecured loan.)

•   If you’re eligible, you may be able to borrow up to 80% or, in some cases, even 90% of your home’s equity. So, for example, if you have $150,000 in equity, you might qualify to borrow $120,000 to $135,000.

It’s important to note that a home equity loan is not the same thing as a home equity line of credit (HELOC). A HELOC is a type of revolving credit (you draw against your limit over time), while a home equity loan is an installment loan, paid out in a lump sum.

What Is a Personal Loan?

A personal loan is similar to a home equity loan in that it allows you to borrow a lump sum of money, and you’ll repay those funds — with interest — in regular installments over a set period of years.

To understand what defines a personal loan and distinguishes it from a home equity loan, consider these points:

•   Most personal loans are unsecured, which means you don’t have to use your home or any other asset as collateral to borrow the money.

•   Because the lender is taking more risk with this kind of loan than a home equity loan, interest rates may be higher.

•   Since you don’t need to have a home appraisal and other steps completed, you may find that securing a personal loan vs. a home equity loan is a significantly quicker process.

How Does a Personal Loan Work?

If you decide to go with a personal loan, you’ll likely have a number of options to choose from — they’re offered by many banks, credit unions, and other lenders. And because lenders’ terms can vary significantly, you may want to do some comparison shopping before you make a choice.

When applying, it’s wise to be aware of these points:

•   If you aren’t using an asset to secure your personal loan, you can expect lenders to put a high priority on your credit score, income, and DTI when you apply. The higher your credit score, the better in terms of getting approved and securing a favorable rate. Many lenders look for a FICO® score of at least 580, but applicants who have scores over 700 are likely offered the most favorable terms. (Personal loan rates are usually lower than credit card rates, however, even if the loan is unsecured.)

•   Pay attention to how the length of the loan affects your payments. Personal loans are typically repaid over a term of two to seven years. If you’re looking for smaller monthly payments, a longer term may suit your needs, but that may increase the overall cost of the loan. A personal loan calculator can help you compare your monthly payments and the total (principal plus interest and fees) to be repaid.

Comparing Home Equity Loans and Personal Loans

Both home equity loans and personal loans usually offer fixed-rate, lump-sum financing options with terms that can be tailored to fit the borrower’s needs. And both offer borrowers a certain amount of flexibility in how the money can be used.

But there are some questions you may want to consider when deciding between the two, including:

How Much Do You Plan to Borrow?

If you need to borrow a large amount and you’re looking for a lower interest rate, you may find a home equity loan is the right product for your needs. Your monthly payments may be smaller if you sign up for a longer repayment period.

If you need a smaller loan — a few thousand dollars, for example, or even just a few hundred — a personal loan may be the more practical choice. But even if you plan to borrow a large amount, you may choose a personal loan to avoid tying your home to your loan. Some lenders offer large personal loans — as much as $100,000 or more — to well-qualified borrowers.

What’s the Timeline?

One of the major drawbacks to a home equity loan is that the approval process can take weeks (say, two to six weeks). Lenders typically will require an appraisal to determine your home’s current value, and there’s usually more paperwork involved with this type of loan.

A personal loan application, on the other hand, can take just minutes to complete online, and some lenders offer same-day approvals. If you’re approved, it may take only two or three days until the money lands in your checking account.

What’s the Risk?

Home equity loans come with more risk for the borrower than a personal loan. If you default on your payments and the lender decides to foreclose, you could potentially lose your home. Also, if you decide to sell your property, you’ll have to pay back the home equity loan.

Personal loans also carry some risk for borrowers. If you default on a secured personal loan, the lender could take whatever asset (a car or bank account, for instance) you used for collateral. And whether your loan is secured or unsecured, late or missed payments could lower your credit score (this can be true for home equity loans as well). If the account goes to collections, you could be sued for what you owe.

How Do You Plan to Use the Money?

You can use funds from both types of loans for just about any (legal) purpose. Borrowers often use them to:

•   Consolidate debt (say, to pay off high-interest credit card debt)

•   Pay for wedding or vacation costs

•   Make home improvements

•   Pay off medical or dental bills

•   Finance car repairs or the purchase of a vehicle

•   Fund moving expenses

There may be benefits to one or the other loan type that makes it a better fit for your specific plans. For instance, with a home equity loan, you can deduct the interest on funds you used to “buy, build, or substantially improve” the home you used to secure the loan, according to the IRS. So if you’re hoping to make home renovations, one of the different types of home equity loans may be the right choice.

You typically can’t deduct the interest on a personal loan. But the ease and speed of getting a personal loan may make it the better pick if an unexpected expense comes up — say, if your refrigerator or air conditioning system goes out, and you need money quickly for a replacement or major repair.

Pros and Cons of Home Equity Loans vs Personal Loans

Here’s a look at some of the advantages and downsides of a personal loan vs. home equity loan:

Personal Loan Pros

•   Flexible borrowing amounts and terms

•   Often unsecured, meaning there’s no risk of losing your home

•   Convenient and fast access to funds

Personal Loan Cons

•   Interest rate may be higher if loan is unsecured

•   Depending on borrower’s creditworthiness, may require collateral

•   Lenders may charge a loan origination fee, late payment fees, and/or a prepayment penalty

Home Equity Loan Pros

•   Flexible borrowing amounts and terms

•   Interest rate may be lower than unsecured loans

•   Interest may be tax-deductible if used for home improvements

Home Equity Cons

•   If you default on the loan, the lender could foreclose on your home

•   Approval process can take longer (two to six weeks) and may include additional costs

•   Some home equity loans have prepayment penalties and/or other fees

•   Must have enough equity in your home to qualify for the amount you want

•   If you sell your home, you’ll have to repay the loan

Carefully considering the upsides and downsides of a personal loan vs. a home equity loan is an important step in making the financial decision that suits you best.

The Takeaway

Home equity loans and personal loans both typically offer lump-sum payments at a fixed rate for a specified term. Home equity loans use your property as collateral, while personal loans are often unsecured.

It’s important to look at how each one might sync up with your particular financial situation and your reasons for borrowing the money. If you’re a homeowner, tapping into your home equity might get you a lower interest rate and a possible tax break. But the loan process is typically quicker and easier for a personal loan — and you won’t have to tie the loan to your home and put your residence at risk.

If you think a personal loan might be right for you, see what SoFi offers.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

Can personal loans be used to consolidate debt?

Yes, debt consolidation is one of the top reasons borrowers choose to get a personal loan. You might use this kind of loan to pay off one or more high-interest loans or credit card accounts, potentially simplifying repayment and lowering your costs.

What credit score is needed for each loan type?

Here are how credit scores for home equity loans vs. personal loans typically stack up: Lenders typically like to see a credit score of 680 or higher for home equity loans and 580 or higher for personal loans. Borrowers with higher credit scores usually qualify for more favorable loan rates.

What is the downside of a home equity loan?

The biggest drawback to a home equity loan vs. a personal loan is that it’s tied to the home you use to secure the loan. This means that if you default on your payments, the lender could foreclose on your home. Also, if you decide to sell your home, you’ll have to pay back your home equity loan as well as your mortgage.

Photo credit: iStock/milorad kravic

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOPL-Q324-016

Personal loans are usually not considered income and are therefore not taxable. Rather, they are viewed as a kind of debt. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule which create situations in which a personal loan could be taxable.

Read on to learn the details about personal loans and their tax implications.

What Constitutes Taxable Income?

Taxable income is money that’s been earned and is subject to tax, such as your salary, investment income, and even lottery winnings. To figure out your taxable income, you take your gross income and subtract your exemptions and itemized or standardized tax deductions.

Definition and Examples

Taxable income falls under two main camps. Taxable income can include earned income, such as:

•   Wages

•   Salaries

•   Bonuses

•   Tips

•   Investment income

It also includes “unearned” income, such as:

•   Taxable interest earned

•   Ordinary dividends

•   Capital gains distributions

•   Alimony payments

•   Social Security benefits

•   Inheritances

•   Property income

As you can see, income can come in many different forms, such as money, goods, services, and property. Generally speaking, most income is taxable. It’s only non-taxable if it’s specifically exempted by law.

Personal Loans and Taxation

The Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, does not and cannot tax personal loans. That’s because a personal loan represents a kind of debt. The proceeds from this loan need to be repaid, and therefore personal loans aren’t considered taxable income.

That means they aren’t taxed — for the most part — and it doesn’t matter how small or large a loan may be or what you use the proceeds for. Neither the principal nor the interest paid can usually be taxed.

What’s more, there’s also zero impact on taxation whether you’ve taken out an unsecured personal loan or a secured one.

Worth noting: While personal loans aren’t usually taxable, they’re not tax-deductible either. (This differs from the situation with mortgages and student loans, in which cases the interest is typically tax-deductible.)

To sum it up, your personal loan usually won’t impact your tax situation in any way. In turn, you probably don’t need to note the loan on your tax returns. No additional forms need to be filled out and added to your return.

Recommended: Using a Personal Loan to Pay Off Credit Card Debt

Exceptions and Special Cases

While personal loans aren’t generally taxable, there is an exception. If the lender cancels the debt or gives you loan forgiveness, the proceeds of the loan then fall under cancellation of debt (COD) income. Once proceeds from the loan are forgiven, it then can be taxed.

While loan forgiveness isn’t too common (except for student loans), a portion of your personal loans can be nixed if you reach an agreement with the lender where you’re no longer responsible for paying back the remaining balance.

If you’re financially stretched thin and unable to repay the remainder of your loan, you can receive forgiveness in a couple of ways:

•   One, you enter debt settlement, where you negotiate with your lender by paying less than the amount owed.

•   Another way you can be cleared of your debt is if your lender has a hardship program. If you meet the eligibility requirements, the lender might wipe part or all of your remaining debt.

There are a few instances where canceled debt usually isn’t taxable, however:

•   A loan that’s forgiven by a private lender (i.e., family, friend) or an intra-family loan (aka a loan between two family members) is forgiven as a gift. Because these are treated as gifts, they are exempt from the gift and estate tax up to certain limits. In 2024, up to $18,000 in gifts can be excluded from taxation per donee (or recipient).

•   Canceled debt from a Chapter 11 bankruptcy (which is a legal process, when a person or entity declares they cannot pay creditors)

•   Canceled debt from insolvency (defined as a financial state in which a person is unable to pay bills)

Recommended: Guide to Insolvency vs. Bankruptcy

Reporting Loans on Tax Returns

Generally, you won’t need to report money you get from loans on tax returns — that is, unless it gets canceled or forgiven.

Getting into the weeds, the IRS usually requires you to report the canceled amount to the IRS on Form 1099-C, which is used for cancellation of debt (COD). To fill out the form, you’ll need to provide the following information:

•   Creditor’s name

•   Creditor’s address

•   Creditor’s tax ID (TIN)

•   Debtor’s name

•   Debtor’s address

•   Debtor’s tax ID (TIN, which may be an SSN)

•   Date of loan forgiveness

•   Amount cleared

•   Interest paid on the canceled debt

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

Avoiding Tax Pitfalls with Personal Loans

As mentioned, usually your personal loans won’t impact your tax situation in any way. Uncle Sam doesn’t need to know when you take out the loan or when you pay off your balance. Neither the lump sum you receive in the form of a personal loan nor the interest you pay is taxable. What’s more, they aren’t typically tax-deductible either, meaning you won’t receive any tax breaks.

To steer clear of potential tax pitfalls, consider following this advice:

•   Don’t report the proceeds of the loan or how much you paid off in a given year. Remember: A personal loan isn’t considered income. It’s money you owe and need to be repaid.

•   Money you pay back on a personal loan isn’t tax-deductible — neither the principal nor the interest.

•   If part or all of the remaining balance of the loan is forgiven or canceled, you’ll likely need to pay taxes on the forgiven amount. A form 1099-C (COD) will need to be completed by the tax deadline for individual tax returns.

•   Know that in some instances, you might not have to pay taxes on the forgiven amount of a personal loan. For instance, if the personal loan was from a friend or family member and forgiven as a gift, taxes won’t likely be due up to gift tax limits. The same can hold true if you filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy or are insolvent; you may not have to pay taxes.

•   If you have any questions, consult with a tax professional for guidance and one-on-one advice.

Speaking of taxes, if you owe a sum, you can use a personal loan to pay off taxes. However, it can be a smart idea to explore other options, such as an IRS payment plan, as well.

When comparing options, you’ll want to look at the personal loan interest rate, fees, monthly payment, and total cost of a personal loan to see if it fits your budget.

The Takeaway

For the most part, a personal loan doesn’t count as taxable income. It’s a debt, so you don’t have to fret over owing the IRS anything on the interest or the principal. There are a few exceptions, such as personal loans that are forgiven by a private lender or canceled due to, say, bankruptcy or insolvency.

Shopping for a personal loan? See if a loan from SoFi could be the right choice for you.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

Do I report a personal loan as income on taxes?

Personal loans don’t count as income, so they don’t need to be reported to the IRS for tax purposes. To be a bit more specific: Because proceeds from personal loans aren’t taxable, the interest paid or the amount paid back don’t need to be reported to the IRS.

What if a personal loan is forgiven or canceled?

If a personal loan is forgiven or canceled, you’ll most likely need to pay taxes on the amount that’s forgiven or canceled. You’ll also need to complete and submit a tax form 1099-C (Cancelation of Debt) form as part of this process. There are some exceptions to this, however, so delve into your specific situation, possibly with a tax professional, to understand it in detail.

Can interest paid on personal loans be tax-deductible?

No part of a personal loan is typically tax-deductible, and that includes the interest paid. With other kinds of loans, such as home mortgages and student loans, the interest may be tax-deductible.

Photo credit: iStock/shurkin_son

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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