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Your credit score affects your financial future, so it’s important to know where your score comes from and the different ways it can be calculated. Most important, you should know that the score you’re seeing may not be the score your lender is seeing. Why is this, and what can you do about it?

Two major companies are responsible for billions of credit scores (this is no hyperbole) provided to lenders and consumers: FICO® and VantageScore® Solutions. The difference between VantageScore vs. FICO credit scores is subtle, reflecting each company’s special calculation.

We’ll explain what goes into score calculations. We’ll also tell you where to find your score, how to use it, and which score lenders use in their decisions.

Why Credit Scores Are Important

Before we get into score calculation, let’s review why credit scores are so important. When you need to borrow money, you want to do it as cheaply as possible. This means you want a great interest rate and terms that help you repay your debt as efficiently as possible.

Generally speaking, the higher your credit score, the more likely you are to get the best interest rate and loan terms. Over the course of your life, a good credit score can save you a significant amount of money.

Knowing how to read a credit report and how your credit score is calculated can help you make moves to improve it. Take a look at how the two major players come up with your credit score.

Recommended: What Is a Fair Credit Score?

What FICO Takes Into Account

The Fair Isaac Corporation, more commonly known as FICO, developed the FICO Score in 1989. Scores range from 300 to 850. The higher the number, the better your score.

FICO scores are calculated based on how a consumer handles debt and weighted according to the following categories:

•   Payment history: 35%

•   Amounts owed: 30%

•   Length of credit history: 15%

•   Credit mix: 10%

•   New credit: 10%

As you can see, FICO scores give the most weight to your payment history and amounts owed. FICO also considers your length of credit history, credit mix, and new credit.

FICO has multiple versions of their credit scoring models, much like software has multiple updates. FICO provides different scoring models to lenders that serve different needs. Credit card issuers, auto loan lenders, and mortgage originators may use different FICO scores to make lending decisions.

What’s calculated in a FICO vs. a VantageScore is subtly different.

Recommended: What Credit Score Is Needed to Buy a Car?

What VantageScore Takes Into Account

VantageScore was developed in 2006 by the three main credit bureaus: Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Scores range from 300 to 850, just like FICO scores. However, even though the scores are calculated on the same scale, a VantageScore will be different from a FICO Score. That’s because the factors, and how they’re weighted, are a little different. VantageScore is based on:

•   Payment history: 40%

•   Depth of credit: 21%

•   Credit utilization: 20%

•   Balances: 11%

•   Recent credit: 5%

•   Available credit: 3%

Naturally, this results in a different score. Since many lenders use FICO Score and consumers often see VantageScores, some lending decisions can take consumers by surprise.

The most common VantageScore versions are VantageScore 3.0 and 4.0. (A new model, VantageScore 4plus™, was announced in May 2024.) While most lenders use your FICO Score when making lending decisions, some lenders — particularly credit card issuers — use VantageScore.

VantageScore vs FICO: The Differences

The major differences between VantageScore and FICO Score are outlined in the table below. These include the amount of time you have to shop for a loan, the number of categories factored into a score calculation, differences in weighted categories, and length of credit history.

	FICO	VantageScore
Shopping Window	45 days	14 days
Categories	5	6
Weighting	Amounts owed weighted more	Payment history weighted more

Who Tends to Use VantageScore?

Some banks and credit card issuers supply VantageScores to their customers for free. Scores are provided largely for consumer education, meaning to help people understand what factors affect their credit score, rather than for lending decisions.

Consumers who want to purchase a credit score will find Equifax and TransUnion both advertise a credit monitoring service that uses VantageScore 3.0 as their model. If you’re comparing Transunion VantageScore vs. FICO, you’ll see that Experian sells a FICO score 8 model.

Who Tends to Use FICO?

FICO claims that FICO Scores are used in 90% of lending decisions. Consumers who visit the Experian website will see that the credit score monitoring service it offers uses the FICO Score 8 model. You can also purchase your FICO Score directly from FICO.

FICO and VantageScore credit scores are used by a variety of sources to consider your credit history and credit score. These can include lenders, landlords, employers, and insurance companies. (Read more about how credit checks for employment work.)

It’s also possible to get a tri-merge credit report, which combines data from the three credit bureaus in one report.

Which Credit Score Costs the Least to Check?

Many people don’t know how to find out their credit score for free. While you are entitled to a free credit report each year from AnnualCreditReport.com, that report won’t include a credit score.

Here are some ways you can find your credit score without having to pay for it:

1.    Bank or credit union. Many financial institutions provide credit scores to their members. The score is often found by accessing online accounts.

2.    Credit card issuer. Many credit card issuers provide credit scores to their customers.

3.    Finance apps. A money tracker app or a similar business provides credit scores to their users.

By the way, pulling your credit report and checking your own score don’t negatively affect your credit score. Learn more about soft credit inquiries vs. hard credit inquiries.

The Takeaway

The two main credit score companies are FICO Score and VantageScore. Each company calculates your score in a slightly different way. Checking your credit is a great way to stay on top of your financial health. Although you may not know exactly which credit score your lender uses to make decisions, you can get a pretty good idea of your range.

A number of businesses can provide your credit score free of charge, including banks and credit unions, credit card issuers, and finance apps. Obtaining a credit score from either FICO or VantageScore can help you identify your strengths and the areas where you need to improve.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Does TransUnion use FICO or Vantage?

TransUnion uses the VantageScore 3.0 model.

Which is more accurate: VantageScore or FICO?

Both VantageScore and FICO Score are used to make lending decisions, so the score that is most accurate is the one your lender is planning to use. According to FICO, 90% of top lending institutions use their score to make lending decisions.

Which credit score is better: FICO or TransUnion?

TransUnion provides credit scores from the VantageScore 3.0 model. Both FICO and VantageScore can provide insights into a consumer’s behavior with credit.

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Photo credit: iStock/nattanapong

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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In some ways, net worth and wealth can be tricky terms to define. To some people, the phrases are synonymous. As others acknowledge, the perception of wealth is influenced by a variety of factors, including where you live, your career, and your age.

Here’s a deep dive into how to calculate individual net worth and some of the factors that may influence our perception of wealth.

How to Calculate Individual Net Worth

An individual’s net worth is the value of all of their combined assets minus any liabilities (that is, outstanding debts). If your assets are worth more than your liabilities, you have a positive net worth. If you owe more than you own, your net worth is negative.

Assets you may use as part of your net worth calculation can include:

•  Real estate. Your home, second home, rental property, commercial real estate, or other holdings.

•  Cars and other vehicles. Note that automobiles are typically subject to depreciation in value over time.

•  Investments. Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and retirement accounts.

•  Cash

•  Life insurance. Use the cash value.

•  Household items. Furniture, silverware, etc.

•  Jewelry. Plus precious gems and metals.

Liabilities are debts such as:

•  Balance remaining on your mortgage

•  Student loans

•  Auto loans

•  Credit card debt

Recommended: Does Net Worth Include Home Equity?

What Is the Difference Between Net Worth and Income?

Net worth and income don’t necessarily go hand in hand. Income is the money that is reported on a tax return, while a high net worth results from owning valuable assets. High net worth could be a result of careful saving, inheriting money, or hanging onto highly appreciated assets.

For example, let’s say someone bought a house in a once-undesirable neighborhood decades ago. Today, that neighborhood is super popular and the house is worth much more. Even if they don’t sell, the homeowner has increased their net worth without a boost in income. (It can be useful to see how net worth changes by age and location.)

On the other hand, a professional with a high salary who carries a lot of debt could have a relatively low net worth, especially if they also maintain a costly lifestyle. That said, various types of income certainly can have a big impact on how much wealth a person is able to accumulate.

Income is also one way that researchers sort individuals into economic classes, though the income ranges that delineate class can vary from year to year and by research methodology.

What Salary Is Considered a Middle-Class Income?

Pew Research Center defines middle-income Americans as those whose annual size-adjusted income is two-thirds to double the median size-adjusted household income. (Size-adjusted household income refers to the number of people within the household.)

A middle-income family of three earned $56,600 to $169,800 in 2022, the most recent information available from Pew Research.

What Salary Is Considered an Upper-Class Income?

Upper-income individuals earn more than double the median size-adjusted household income. This means a family of three may earn more than $169,800.

Wondering how your income compares? It can be helpful to look at the median income for a three-person household in each income tier.

Income Tier	Median Income in 2022
Upper Income	$256,920
Middle Income	$106,092
Lower Income	$35,318

Source: Pew Research Center

Why Wealth Is Relative Person to Person

The definition of “wealthy” differs depending on a person’s background, geography, and age. Consider a law student who earns very little money each year and carries hundreds of thousands in student debt. While their current wealth may be low, their potential future earnings may be quite high, and could catapult them into the wealthiest classes.

Consider, too, that where you live has a big impact on how far your wealth will stretch. A middle-income earner in an expensive city like San Francisco or New York may find it more difficult to make ends meet than someone in a small town in Oklahoma with a lower cost of living.

Ways to Measure Wealth

Wealth and net worth can be considered synonymous in some cases. But there are other factors that play into the perception of wealth and a person’s ability to accumulate it. Examples include demographic differences and potential return on investment, which may not have an immediate impact but can increase future wealth.

Income

As mentioned above, high income does not necessarily lead to high net worth — but it can. High earners may use their income to acquire assets that maintain equity, such as a home. These people may also use their earnings to invest within retirement and brokerage accounts.

Personal Savings

Your personal savings may refer to the cash you have on hand in checking and savings accounts, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. It may also refer to the savings you have invested in brokerage and retirement accounts.

Ideally, these investments will appreciate over time, increasing net worth and providing a future source of income to maintain your standard of living after you stop working. As you build up your savings, tools like a money tracker app can help you keep tabs on your money.

Investment Rate of Return

An important factor in accumulating wealth is the rate of return (ROR) on your investments. Investment returns are not guaranteed. Stock prices rise and fall according to various trends in the market. Even bonds, which are relatively safe, are subject to default from time to time.

In the past, the stock market tended to rise over the long term. In fact, since 1926, the average annual rate of return for the stock market has been about 10%, surpassing potential returns for other major types of investments, including bonds.

Investors who save more, and hold more of their investment portfolio in stocks, may be better positioned to take advantage of these potential future returns.

Real Estate Assets

One way to think about wealth is as the maintaining of assets. Real estate can be a good place to build equity, and it can appreciate in value. Returns can vary widely depending on what type of real estate you buy — whether a home or commercial property — and where the property is located. Historically, the rate of return on real estate has been close to stock market returns. In the U.S. market, the median return on real estate investment is 8.6% annually, per the S&P 500 Index.

Age and Family Status

Demographic factors can have an impact on how much money you earn and the wealth you can accumulate. For example, median weekly earnings vary by age and gender.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, men and women ages 16 to 24 have the lowest median weekly earnings, with men earning $771 per week and women earning $695 in the second quarter of 2024, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data.

Men age 35 and over enjoyed the highest median weekly earnings:

•  35 to 44: $1,379

•  45 to 54: $1,470

•  55 to 64: $1,361

Women earned less overall than men:

•  35 to 44: $1,114

•  45 to 54: $1,151

•  55 to 64: $1,048

The number of people in a household has a different impact. More people under one roof may require a larger home and more money spent on things like groceries, clothing, and transportation. As a result, a single individual usually requires less wealth to maintain a certain lifestyle than a family of five.

Good Credit Score

While not exactly a measure of wealth, a good credit score is a measure of financial health. It suggests that you have not taken on more debt than you can handle, and that you are able to make your payments on time.

A good credit score can also help you leverage your wealth to achieve financial goals. For example, lenders will look at your credit score when you apply for a loan to determine your creditworthiness. A good score can help you qualify for loans with lower interest rates. Individuals with bad credit, on the other hand, may be seen as a risk, and lenders may charge higher interest rates to compensate.

As a result, a good credit score can help you qualify for loans, such as a mortgage, at affordable rates that can help you build wealth.

Difference Between Material Wealth vs Spiritual Wealth

Material wealth is dependent on the physical and financial assets that you own and the debts you carry. Spiritual wealth, on the other hand, is not based on tangible items. Rather, it’s based on things like a sense of well-being and happiness.

Are material wealth and spiritual wealth linked? In a 2023 paper, authors Daniel Kahneman, Matthew A. Killingworth, and Barbara Mellers discovered an overall connection between larger incomes and increasing levels of happiness. But they also found that happiness peaks at $100,000 a year and then plateaus in people who are already unhappy.

Appreciating What You Have

One of the reasons that higher income doesn’t always translate into greater wealth is a phenomenon known as “lifestyle creep.” This occurs when increasing income leads to an increase in discretionary spending. A certain amount of lifestyle creep can result from trying to “keep up with the Joneses” — a tendency to accumulate material goods to compete with others in one’s perceived social class.

For example, as a person earns more, they might buy a bigger house, a more expensive car, pricey clothes, and start sending their kids to private school. These costly habits can mean that the individual may not be able to save more than when their salary was lower.

Try to avoid lifestyle creep by putting off grand lifestyle changes, like buying a large home, and putting off big purchases until absolutely necessary. Build and stick to a budget that includes wealth-building line items, such as saving in retirement funds. Track your progress with a budgeting app.

Practice appreciating what you already have, and you may find that some of the upgrades you desire are just wants — not necessities.

Recommended: What Credit Score Is Needed to Buy a Car?

The Takeaway

Net worth and wealth are inextricably linked. Measuring net worth helps people assess how many assets they currently have at their disposal. Accumulating wealth is about acquiring and maintaining assets that hold their value or increase in value. Doing so often requires careful saving and investing, as well as constant monitoring to ensure you stay on track.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What salary is considered middle-class income?

Middle-income Americans have annual incomes that are two-thirds to double the median income, according to Pew Research. For example, a middle-income family of three will earn $56,600 to $169,800.

What salary is considered upper-middle class income?

An upper-middle class income is at the high range of middle class income. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s “Income in the United States: 2022” report, that’s an average annual income of $94,001 to $153,000.

What salary is considered lower-class income?

Low-income Americans are anyone earning less than two-thirds of the median household income. Per Pew Research Center, that means a family of three would have a household income of less than $56,600.

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Photo credit: iStock/fizkes

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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When people are starting a business, it’s likely that they’ll consider the tax benefits of different company structures. In some cases, founders may create a limited liability company (LLC) specifically for its tax benefits.

Here, we’ll delve into the tax benefits of LLCs for business owners, as well as other pros and cons.

What Is an LLC?

An LLC is a type of business structure available in the United States. A kind of hybrid, it combines some characteristics of corporations with others from a partnership or sole proprietorship.

According to the IRS, LLC owners are called “members.” Depending on the state in which you set up the LLC, members may be individual people, other LLCs, or corporations. There is no maximum number of members that a company can have, and most states allow LLCs with just one member. Check your state for specifics.

Tax Benefits of Forming an LLC

As mentioned above, company founders may choose an LLC structure especially for its tax benefits. Here, we go into detail about what those benefits are.

Limited Liability

An LLC, as its full name implies, provides limited liability to its members. This means that, if the company fails, the owners’ and investors’ private assets are not at risk and can’t be seized to repay company debts.

Flexible Membership

As noted previously, an LLC can have one member or many, and those members can be individuals or companies. This business structure gives owners significant freedom when starting their company.

Management Structure Options

LLCs can be managed by a member (owner) or by a hired manager. A member-managed LLC may be chosen if the company has limited resources or few members. An owner may select a member with management experience to oversee the business, or they may want all members to actively participate in the company’s operations.

A hired manager is someone who is not a member but has the appropriate experience and skill sets to run the LLC. An accountant or financial advisor can go into detail about the tax benefits of member-manager vs. hired manager approaches. (Here’s what to know if you’re filing taxes for the first time.)

Pass-Through Taxation

LLC member-owners have some control over how their business will be taxed. If there is only one member, it will automatically be treated like a sole proprietorship, and if there is more than one, like a partnership. In those cases, business income will pass through the business to the member-owners, and they’ll only get taxed once. Members will report income and losses on their personal tax returns, while the LLC itself is not taxed. (Learn how business income differs from other types of income.)

Because income and losses are reported as part of members’ personal financial pictures at tax time, taxes will be owed at each member’s personal tax rate.

Alternatively, the LLC owners may decide to be taxed as a corporation. If they choose an S-Corp structure, pass-through taxation still applies.

Recommended: How Long Does It Take Taxes to Come Back?

Heightened Credibility

When someone opens an LLC, it shows that they’ve gone beyond just hanging a shingle. Instead, they went through the decision making and paper filing processes involved in setting up the LLC.

Limited Compliance Requirements

According to the U.S. Small Business Association (SBA), another form of business structure — the corporation — has the strictest requirements. In contrast, LLCs have some but fewer.

In general, an LLC should maintain a current operating agreement, hold annual meetings, ensure that they have appropriate shares recorded for each member, and keep records if membership interests transfer. (Find out if you can use a personal checking account for your business.)

Disadvantages of Creating an LLC

So far, the LLC sounds like the ideal low-maintenance company structure. However, there are several caveats to be aware of.

Cost

Forming an LLC can cost a few hundred dollars, which may be more than what a small business wants to spend. (An online budget planner can help business owners set budgets and track spending.) The company will also need to file annual reports along with annual fees and taxes. These taxes and fees may cost a miniscule amount or several hundred dollars annually.

No Stock Ownership

When a corporation wants to raise funds, they sometimes issue shares of stock. An LLC cannot issue stock.

Recommended: How to Start Investing in Stocks

Transferable Ownership

Some states may require that an LLC be dissolved if there is a change in ownership. If the people starting the business expect to take in outside investors over the years, a corporation might be a better choice.

How to Form an LLC

Once you’ve decided to start an LLC, you’ll want to choose and reserve a company name that doesn’t conflict with currently existing ones. Typically, an LLC must have what’s called a registered agent — someone who will handle official documents for the company.

Then, you’ll need to document the nuts and bolts of the operating agreement that describes the structure of the company. This can include who owns what portion of the company and who gets to vote on which issues. You’ll detail how profits and losses will be addressed, how the company will be managed, when meetings will be held, and how to handle the business if a member leaves the company or dies. This document should also describe what should happen if the company goes out of business.

How LLCs Are Different From Other Business Entities

An LLC is formed to be a legal entity that’s separate from its owners and is responsible for its business debts. Here’s how an LLC differs from other company structures.

LLC vs Sole Proprietorship

Profits in an LLC are only taxed once because of the pass-through taxation structure. This is reported on and addressed through owners’ personal tax returns by filing a Form 1040, Schedule C, listing profits or losses. As an LLC owner, you may be taxed as a sole proprietor, a partnership, or a corporation.

A sole proprietorship is owned by one person and is the simplest structure available. A sole proprietorship also involves pass-through taxation with the business owner paying taxes on the business’s profit. There isn’t as much flexibility in filing as a sole proprietor as there is with an LLC.

LLC vs S-Corp

An LLC is a business structure. An S-corp, meanwhile, is a tax classification. Many businesses decide to have their LLC taxed as an S-corp. The nuances can be complicated, so it makes sense to consult your personal accountant or other professional before making this decision.

LLC for Rental Property

If you create an LLC to buy rental homes, you’ll have the benefits of no personal liability and pass-through taxation. There can be a flexible ownership structure, personal anonymity, and fairly simple reporting.

However, it may be harder to finance rental property as an LLC. There can also be significant fees to get the LLC up and running. LLCs for rentals can be more complex at tax time, and property transfers can also be more complicated.

How to Choose the Right Business Type

Consider how simple or complex your proposed business will become. Do you plan to basically run the business yourself, or will it ideally turn into something bigger? What kind of legal protections will you need based on your business plans?

Entrepreneurs should also weigh the tax benefits of LLCs and sole proprietorships. The two structures, along with partnerships and S-corps, feature pass-through benefits, meaning that profits are taxed only when they’re paid to the company owner(s). A C-corp, meanwhile, is taxed as a company as well as when shareholder payouts are made.

Consult your accountant or financial advisor for specifics on your situation.

No matter what business structure you choose, it’s important to keep track of your finances. SoFi’s spending app provides you with an easy-to-use online budget planner so you can stay on top of your finances.

The Takeaway

Limited liability companies (LLCs) come with plenty of advantages and a few disadvantages. As its name implies, the owners’ and investors’ private assets are not at risk if the company should struggle financially. Owners of the LLC are referred to as members. Membership may range from one individual to multiple individuals to other companies.

A major benefit is pass-through taxation, where income passes through the company to its members, who report it on their personal taxes. One disadvantage of LLCs for very small businesses is the startup cost and annual fees, which can run to several hundred dollars a year. Consult a professional to find out whether an LLC is the right fit for your business plan.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What are the tax benefits of having an LLC?

With an LLC, you’ll have flexibility in deciding the structure under which your company will be taxed. There are more tax benefits of an LLC, including pass-through taxation, which means you’ll only get taxed once at your individual tax rate.

What are the benefits of a limited liability company?

They can include limited liability, meaning that owners aren’t personally responsible for company debts; flexible structures; pass-through taxation; more credibility; and fewer compliance requirements compared to a corporation.

What is the best tax option for an LLC?

Each situation is unique, so consult your accountant or financial advisor for specifics.

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Photo credit: iStock/hh5800

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A college degree doesn’t guarantee a good paying job. And the reverse is even more true: Not having a degree doesn’t doom you to low paying jobs forever. In fact, many occupations that offer competitive pay don’t require any college.

According to Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projections, about 60% of new jobs in the 2020s won’t require a college degree. And many command salaries higher than $60,580, the median wage for all occupations.

We’ve gathered 21 good paying jobs you can get without a degree. We’ll also discuss the pros and cons of jumping into the job market right out of high school.

Reasons for Choosing Work Over a College Degree

Choosing to work over a college degree (or vice versa) is a personal decision that can’t be labeled “right” or “wrong.”

For many people, the cost of college is the main reason to choose work instead. Not everyone is willing or able to take on student loan debt.

Working can also allow people to experiment with different career paths until they find something that’s right for them.

If your main motivation for attending college is to secure competitive pay after graduation, know that there are many good paying jobs you can get without college.

No matter how much you earn, it’s important to track your cash flow so that you can reach your financial goals. SoFi’s spending app helps you do that by monitoring your credit score, tracking your debts, and connecting all your accounts in one mobile dashboard.

Recommended: The Highest Paying Jobs by State

Who Should Consider a Job Without a College Degree or Work Experience?

Jobs that don’t require college are typically suitable for people who are interested in blue collar professions, such as technicians and machine operators. These jobs can also be good for people who prefer training outside of a school environment, such as in an apprenticeship or on-the-job experience.

Pros and Cons of a Job Without a College Degree or Work Experience

Consider both sides before making a decision to skip college for a job.

Pros

•   High-paying trade jobs hire candidates based on skills rather than credentials.

•   You’ll get more experience in the field and earlier opportunities to move up.

•   Education can be inexpensive or free, especially in a paid apprenticeship or on-the-job training.

Cons

•   There are fewer networking opportunities than in college.

•   Good candidates may not stand out alongside those with a degree.

•   Earning potential is not as high overall.

Average Salary of Workers Without a College Degree by State

The following table shows median salaries for workers without a college degree. Wages vary depending on whether workers have attended some college.

State	Median Salary with an Associate Degree
Alabama	$37,181
Alaska	$40,475
Arizona	$37,368
Arkansas	$34,062
California	$44,707
Colorado	$41,422
Connecticut	$49,811
Delaware	$41,427
Florida	$37,862
Georgia	$36,104
Hawaii	$41,360
Idaho	$34,900
Illinois	$41,407
Indiana	$39,291
Iowa	$40,080
Kansas	$37,398
Kentucky	$38,845
Louisiana	$37,332
Maine	$37,688
Maryland	$51,525
Massachusetts	$46,109
Michigan	$37,149
Minnesota	$41,689
Mississippi	$34,252
Missouri	$36,151
Montana	$35,678
Nebraska	$39,026
Nevada	$44,153
New Hampshire	$42,253
New Jersey	$50,254
New Mexico	$36,218
New York	$46,245
North Carolina	$36,107
North Dakota	$45,085
Ohio	$39,729
Oklahoma	$36,144
Oregon	$39,875
Pennsylvania	$41,887
Rhode Island	$45,184
South Carolina	$36,986
South Dakota	$37,826
Tennessee	$37,413
Texas	$41,520
Utah	$41,284
Vermont	$39,453
Virginia	$42,908
Washington	$45,932
West Virginia	$36,596
Wisconsin	$42,392
Wyoming	$41,069

Data courtesy of U.S. Census American Consumer Survey and GOBankingRates

21 High Paying Jobs That Don’t Require a College Degree

1. Wind Turbine Service Technician

National average salary: $61,770

Job growth outlook: 60%

Job description:

•   Install, repair, and maintain wind turbines

•   Collect turbine data for analysis

•   Service underground systems related to wind turbine maintenance

•   Minimum interaction with colleagues makes this a promising job for antisocial people

Requirements: Likely need certification

How to get started: You can attend a technical school for this occupation and learn additional skills on-the-job to advance your career

2. Solar Photovoltaic Installer

National average salary: $48,800

Job growth outlook: 48%

Job description:

•   Set up, assemble, and maintain systems which convert sunlight into energy

•   Connect panels to electrical systems

•   Perform routine maintenance of photovoltaic systems

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll typically need to take courses at a technical college and receive on-the-job training

3. Security and Fire Alarm System Installer

National average salary: $56,430

Job growth outlook: 9%

Job description:

•   Ensure work aligns with relevant local codes

•   Install and program security and fire alarm wiring and equipment

•   Perform routine maintenance and repairs to wiring and equipment

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You can attend technical school or get an entry-level job and receive training there

4. Floor Layers

National average salary: $48,690

Job growth outlook: 6%

Job description:

•   Remove existing floor materials to prep for installation

•   Lay and finish materials on floors

•   Lay and set materials on other surfaces such as countertops, showers, and walls

Requirements: None

How to get started: You can work as an assistant or apprentice, and learn additional skills on the job to advance your career

5. Tile and Stone Setter

National average salary: $48,690

Job growth outlook: 6%

Job description:

•   Remove existing materials to prep surfaces

•   Apply tile or stone to floors, walls, and countertops

•   Lay tile and stone in accordance to design plans

Requirements: None

How to get started: You can work as an assistant or apprentice, and learn additional skills on the job to advance your career

6. Industrial Machinery Mechanic

National average salary: $61,170

Job growth outlook: 15%

Job description:

•   Disassemble and reassemble problematic machinery

•   Repair or replace malfunctioning machinery components

•   Perform tests and calibrate machinery to required specifications

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: Work as an apprentice or assistant, and learn skills on the job

7. Commercial Diver

National average salary: $61,300

Job growth outlook: 8%

Job description:

•   Build, repair, and inspect structures submerged in liquid

•   Work in teams to coordinate underwater tasks

•   Work with other professionals to ensure tasks are conducted safely, such as with engineers to lay foundations for a bridge

Requirements: Technical school

How to get started: You’ll need technical school and on-the-job training to advance

8. Aircraft Mechanic and Service Technician

National average salary: $75,400

Job growth outlook: 5%

Job description:

•   Diagnose electrical or mechanical problems on aircraft

•   Ensure work meets performance requirements

•   Test parts of aircraft with diagnostic equipment

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll likely need specialized certifications

9. Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanic

National average salary: $61,000

Job growth outlook: 9%

Job description:

•   Perform routine maintenance on machinery

•   Diagnose and repair or replace defective parts

•   Travel to worksite for heavy or large equipment

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You may need technical school or an entry-level position and on-the-job training

10. Farm Equipment Mechanic and Service Technician

National average salary: $48,010

Job growth outlook: 7%

Job description:

•   Perform routine maintenance on farm machinery

•   Diagnose and repair parts on broken farm equipment

•   Maintain records of repairs and maintenance

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll need either technical school or an entry-level position to receive on-the-job training

11. Millwright

National average salary: $61,170

Job growth outlook: 15%

Job description:

•   Inspect and replace or repair broken or defective machinery in factories, power plants, and construction sites

•   Test major components when necessary

•   May need to travel to conduct repairs and maintenance tasks

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll need an apprenticeship program, which can last several years

12. Airfield Operations Specialist

National average salary: $51,140

Job growth outlook: 5%

Job description:

•   Coordinate between air traffic control and maintenance personnel

•   Implement airfield safety procedures

•   Monitor and maintain flight records

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll need some training in technical school or on the job

13. Pump Operators

National average salary: $54,690

Job growth outlook: 5%

Job description:

•   Tend, control, and operate pumps (portable, power-driven, or stationary)

•   Handle equipment to transfer materials such as oil, liquid, and gasses to and from vessels

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll typically need either technical school or to work as an apprentice and receive training on the job

14. Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisor

National average salary: $58,920

Job growth outlook: 8%

Job description:

•   Coordinate and supervise loading, unloading, staging, and securing of aircraft baggage or cargo

•   May need to assist members of flight crews in handling in-flight cargo

•   May need to determine cargo quantity to ensure it’s loaded safely

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll need related experience, such as cargo handling, to be promoted to the job

15. Commercial Pilot

National average salary: $171,210

Job growth outlook: 5%

Job description:

•   Fly and navigate aircraft such as airplanes and helicopters

•   Ensure aircraft is balanced and in good condition before flights

•   Monitor aircraft during flight, takeoff, and landing

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll need to complete flight training

Recommended: Is $100,000 a Good Salary?

16. Subway and Streetcar Operator

National average salary: $84,270

Job growth outlook: 4%

Job description:

•   Drive and maneuver public transportation

•   Watch for obstructions and other vehicles at crossings and remain alert to potential hazards

•   Report delays or mechanical problems using dispatch devices like radios

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: May need formalized training

17. Massage Therapist

National average salary: $55,310

Job growth outlook: 18%

Job description:

•   Speak with clients about symptoms, treatment goals, and medical history

•   Manipulate muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues on the body

•   Offer guidance on stretching and strengthening muscles

Requirements: You’ll need to get certified and licensed

How to get started: Attend training school; some programs help with job placement. Wages may be paid by salary or hourly.

18. Community Health Worker

National average salary: $48,200

Job growth outlook: 13%

Job description:

•   Develop materials and programs to teach the community about health topics

•   Help community find health services

•   Analyze data from community to learn how to help and improve services

•   Good opportunity for working after retirement

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll usually need certification and on-the-job training

19. Private Detective and Investigator

National average salary: $49,540

Job growth outlook: 5%

Job description:

•   Conduct surveillance and collect evidence for clients

•   Search records to gather clues

•   Interview people to collect information that will help investigation

•   Because investigations are increasingly conducted online, this can be an interesting work-at-home job for retirees

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent; may need licensing, depending on the state

How to get started: You’ll most likely need work experience, so it’s best to get started assisting another private detective or investigator

Recommended: Does Net Worth Include Home Equity?

20. Hearing Aid Specialist

National average salary: $58,670

Job growth outlook: 15%

Job description:

•   Administer and interpret hearing tests

•   Take ear impressions in order to prepare, design, or modify ear molds

•   Help select and fit hearing aids

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You can get hired as an assistant or apprentice and receive on-the-job training

21. First-Line Supervisor of Security Workers and Protective Service Workers

National average salary: $67,800

Job growth outlook: 4%

Job description:

•   Supervise and manage security and protective service staff

•   Create and maintain records related to the job

•   Ensure security and protective service workers are monitoring potential hazards and dangerous situations

Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent

How to get started: You’ll typically be promoted after years of experience

Recommended: What is The Difference Between Transunion and Equifax?

The Takeaway

It’s possible to earn a good income without having to complete a college degree. Many skilled positions still require technical school, apprenticeship, or on-the-job training. Certifications may also be required. Job growth looks promising for specialized mechanics and machine operators, security supervisors, and health workers. Other industries needing skilled labor include transportation, construction, and renewable energy. As long as you’re willing to put in the work and continue learning, you can be on your way to a fruitful career.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What job gets paid the most without college?

Some of the best paid jobs that don’t require a college degree include those in construction, maintenance and repair, and transportation.

What is the easiest job to get without a degree?

The easiest jobs to get without a college degree include entry-level positions in the construction or transportation industries.

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Photo credit: iStock/dusanpetkovic

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q424-010

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When life gets expensive (which is often), it can make sense to take on a side job to earn extra money. If you have skills you can put to work on a part-time basis (like writing, landscaping, or driving), you may be able to generate enough income to help pay down debt, build up emergency savings, or to get some breathing room in your budget.

What are the best self-employed jobs? Keep reading to find out.

What Are Self-Employed Jobs?

Being self-employed means working for yourself. For tax purposes, you may be considered a sole proprietor or an independent contractor. You can be self-employed on a full-time basis or part-time on the side.

Reasons for Getting a Self-Employed Job

These are some great reasons to get a self-employed job:

•   Earn extra money

•   Gain experience and improve skills

•   Expand your professional network

•   Make your own schedule around other responsibilities

Pros and Cons Of Getting a Self-Employed Job

Of course, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with self-employed jobs and side hustles, including:

Pros:

•   Flexible hours

•   Choose your work environment (home, cafe, office)

•   Great learning opportunities

•   Chance to pursue a passion

Cons:

•   Less collaboration

•   Starting a business can require long hours

•   Fluctuating earnings (having a budgeting app can help here)

•   A lot of responsibility

Recommended: What Trade Makes the Most Money?

What to Expect From Self-Employed Jobs

It can be hard to know what to expect from self-employed jobs since they don’t come with a job description or HR department. Some jobs can be done on a work-from-home basis, whereas others require showing up in-person.

Self-employed workers know to “expect the unexpected”: Don’t assume that your workday or client roster will be consistent or predictable, as it is with a full-time job. It’s normal for there to be speed bumps along the way to a more steady routine.

Self-Employed Job Tips

Now let’s look at some tips for making self-employment easier.

•   Focus on a passion. Having a second job or working as an entrepreneur is hard. But if you choose a field or mission you’re passionate about, it can be easier to stay motivated and on track.

•   Develop industry expertise. To really stand out and impress clients, it’s important to have a deep knowledge of the industry and skills required to do the job well.

•   Learn from mistakes. Mistakes happen, but they aren’t a reason to give up. Try to learn from mistakes and improve.

•   Make the most of your income. Once you start making extra money, you may need help managing it. A money tracker lets you connect all of your accounts in one place, so you can track your debts, keep tabs on your cash flow, and find ways to save.

16 Best Self-Employed Jobs 2022

What are the best self-employed jobs? Let’s take a look at 16 options, considering how much they pay and the skills they require. All of these jobs can be done on a part-time basis to generate supplemental income. They also have the potential to turn into full-time opportunities.

1. Writer

National average pay: $35.43 per hour

Job growth outlook: 5%

Job description: Write articles, books, scripts, advertising copy, and other materials.

Requirements: Strong understanding of grammar, communication skills, professional or academic writing experience.

Duties:

•   Write short-form or long-form copy

•   Edit written copy

•   Craft headlines and campaign slogans

2. Business Consultant

National average pay: $47.80 per hour

Job growth outlook: 11%

Job description: Consult businesses on how they can improve their performance.

Requirements: Business experience and good communication skills.

Duties:

•   Help a business perform better in chosen area(s) of focus

•   Measure and report business performance

•   Create strategy and present that strategy to key stakeholders

3. Videographer

National average pay: $31.28 per hour

Job growth outlook: 3%

Job description: Capture video content and edit it for clients.

Requirements: Video and editing skills.

Duties:

•   Shoot and direct video content

•   Edit video content using professional software

•   Plan video shoots

4. Social Media Specialist

National average pay: $13.71 per hour

Job growth outlook: 4%

Job description: Plan social media marketing strategy, create and post social content, and engage with audience.

Requirements: Marketing analytics and social media marketing knowledge, including paid social media.

Duties:

•   Plan social media campaigns: organic and paid

•   Create written and visual content

•   Interpret metrics to understand strengths and weaknesses

5. Makeup Artist

National average pay: $32.97 per hour

Job growth outlook: 9%

Job description: Apply makeup on models, individuals for special events, or actors for movies and red carpet events.

Requirements: License in cosmetology and strong cosmetic skills.

Duties:

•   Apply makeup to professional or individuals

•   Consult on beauty looks before big events

•   Design and apply special effects makeup for the film industry

6. Graphic designer

National average pay: $28.32 per hour

Job growth outlook: 2%

Job description: Design graphics such as logos and advertisements using digital tools.

Requirements: Understand design and color theory and be adept at digital design programs

Duties:

•   Use software to create visuals for digital or printed materials

•   Edit photographs

•   Create company branding

7. Career Coach

National average pay: $29.67 per hour

Job growth outlook: 4%

Job description: Help clients set professional goals and guide them as they work toward them. Coaching can be a rewarding way to make money from home.

Requirements: Strong understanding of job market and active listening skills.

Duties:

•   Help clients complete job applications effectively

•   Assist with cover letter and resume writing

•   Practice interview scenarios

8. Software Developer

National average pay: $62.58 per hour

Job growth outlook: 17%

Job description: Developers write computer code in order to create applications, websites, and other digital products or to update existing ones. Coding is considered the quintessential job for introverts.

Requirements: Knowledge of coding languages.

Duties:

•   Write computer code

•   Design and install programs and applications

•   Create or update websites

9. Event Planner

National average pay: $27.36 per hour

Job growth outlook: 7%

Job description: Plan corporate events, weddings, and parties.

Requirements: Plan and execute events, from compiling guest lists and booking the venue to selecting a caterer and choosing decor.

Duties:

•   Plan events from start to finish, from concept to tiny details

•   Run and manage the event day-of

•   Connect clients with vendors

10. Hairstylist

National average pay: $16.87 per hour

Job growth outlook: 7%

Job description: Cut, color, and style hair for clients, as well as providing other beauty services.

Requirements: Cosmetology license (most states)

Duties:

•   Cut and color hair

•   Style hair

•   Educate clients on hair care and products

11. Photographer

National average pay: $19.60 per hour

Job growth outlook: 4%

Job description: Take photographs of places, objects, and people for business clients or individuals who want a special moment or event recorded.

Requirements: Digital photography and photo editing.

Duties:

•   Plan photoshoots

•   Take digital photographs

•   Edit photos in post-production

12. Transcriptionist

National average pay: $17.82 per hour

Job growth outlook: -5%

Job description: Listen to recorded or live speech and transcribe it into text. (Transcribing is a good job for antisocial people.)

Requirements: Active listening, typing, and spelling and grammar skills.

Duties:

•   Accurately transcribe audio into text

•   Edit transcripts for proper spelling and grammar

•   Work for businesses or transcription services

13. Driver

National average pay: $19.21 per hour

Job growth outlook: 9%

Job description: Pick up and drive passengers to desired locations safely.

Requirements: Valid driver’s license and good driving record. If driving for a company, you may have to pass a driver’s test and own a car.

Duties:

•   Pick up passengers at desired location

•   Drive passengers to their location safely

•   Provide ride-share services or private driving services

Recommended: What Credit Score is Needed to Buy a Car?

14. Landscaper

National average pay: $18.12 per hour

Job growth outlook: 5%

Job description: Plan and plant landscaping and maintain existing plantings to ensure garden health and aesthetic appeal.

Requirements: Knowledge of landscaping best practices.

Duties:

•   Plant grass, flowers, trees, and shrubs

•   Maintain health of plants

•   Mow grass, trim and prune plants, and water landscaping

15. Nanny

National average pay: $14.60 per hour

Job growth outlook: -1%

Job description: Take care of children: Cook for, clean up after, play with, and transport them to and from school and social activities.

Requirements: Childcare experience; some parents prefer safety certifications such as CPR.

Duties:

•   Keep children safe, clean, and fed

•   Play with children and help them with their homework

•   Assist with household chores

16. Personal Trainer

National average pay: $22.35

Job growth outlook: 14%

Job description: Help clients master workout routines and make physical health progress. While this used to be an in-person job exclusively, many trainers now work from home, coaching and leading classes via web-cam.

Requirements: Education in kinesiology or exercise science.

Duties:

•   Create custom workout routines for clients

•   Help clients set fitness goals

•   Instruct clients on how to properly perform exercises and monitor their physical progress

The Takeaway

The best self-employed job for you depends on your skills and passions. There are many self-employed job opportunities across various industries that can help you earn extra money. Benefits include flexible hours and schedules, your choice of workplace, and the opportunity to expand your knowledge and skills. Disadvantages include fluctuating income, unpredictable workdays, and total responsibility.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

How can I make $1,000 a month passively?

Passive income takes work to set up, but it can be rewarding once the initial labor is done. Investing is a good example of passive income. It takes time and money to build a strong investment portfolio, but once you do, you can earn money passively each month with little effort.

What self-employed jobs make a lot of money?

Personal trainer, event planner, software developer, business consultant, videographer, and makeup artist are some of the best paying self-employed jobs. But many different types of jobs can generate good income once you have some experience.

Which career is best for the self-employed?

As they say, one person’s heaven is another’s hell. And so it is with self-employed jobs. Think carefully about what you’re good at, your industry knowledge and experience, and the type of role you’re passionate about in order to find the right self-employed job for you.

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Photo credit: iStock/dusanpetkovic

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q424-008

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