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Being able to forget about a debt altogether—instead of having to pay it back—sounds like a dream come true. But waving goodbye to some types of debt doesn’t always require a Fairy Godmother. For those who qualify for a student loan discharge, it can be possible to make some or all student debt disappear.

Student debt forgiveness, cancellation, and student loan discharge all refer to programs that allow graduates to stop paying off their student loans and cancel out any remaining debt.

There are some slight differences between forgiveness, cancellation, and discharge, generally having to do with the reason for which the debt is discharged.

In each case though, the end result is the same: having a student loan forgiven, canceled, or discharged means no more loan payments and an outstanding balance of zero dollars.

Who Qualifies for Student Loan Discharge?

Student loan forgiveness programs are offered by the federal government for certain individuals working in some public service jobs, including some teaching positions.

With the average annual cost of tuition, fees, room, and board coming in at an average of $21,950 for individuals enrolled in in-state public institutions in 2019-2020, and $49,870 for those attending private schools, it’s unsurprising that many people have to borrow money to fund their education.

The Federal Reserve estimates that some 55% of people under 30 who attended college—and 31% of all adults—had to incur some debt to pay for their schooling, while in all, the total value of all student debt in the U.S. was worth a whopping $1.7-trillion dollars as of December 2020.

While many of these individuals will have to repay their student loans, some may qualify for student loan discharge and forgiveness programs.

Individuals may also apply for a federal student loan discharge under certain circumstances such as total and permanent disability, school closure, and, in some cases, bankruptcy.

Student loan discharge programs are intended for individuals with federal student loans. But the type of loan matters too. With the exception of Borrower Defense to Repayment, which is available for Direct Loans only, all of the below discharge programs are available for both Direct and FFEL Program loans.

Perkins Loans have their own forgiveness and discharge programs, though most of the below scenarios qualify. Note that the Perkins Loan program ended in 2017.

There are no blanket programs or rules about private student loan discharge. While some lenders will discharge a student loan in the event of disability or death, there are no regulations obligating them to do so.

Recommended: What Is the Student Loan Forgiveness Act?

Types of Federal Student Loan Discharge Programs

The federal government offers a number of programs for canceling or discharging student debt.

Forgiveness/cancellation programs are generally available to individuals who:

•   work in the public sector, for a government or not-for-profit organization
•   or for full-time teachers at low-income schools or educational services agencies, who have been employed there for five full consecutive years.

There are also a number of circumstances under which an individual may qualify to have their student loan discharged. Read on for more details on the different reasons federal student loans may be discharged.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Closed School Discharge

Individuals may be eligible for a 100% discharge on some types of student loans if their school closes while they are still enrolled or soon after they withdraw. Students on an approved leave of absence at the time of school closure are still eligible.

There are some exceptions:
•   For loans disbursed prior to July 1, 2020, an individual may not have withdrawn from their program more than 120 days before the school closure (180 days prior to closure for loans disbursed after July 1, 2020)
•   The individual may not have completed the coursework for their program prior to the closure
Students cannot transfer to another school to complete the program or do so via other means

Total and Permanent Disability Discharge

In order to qualify for a total and permanent disability discharge, an individual must be able to provide documentation that they have become totally and permanently disabled. There are only three allowed sources that can provide the documentation required to qualify:
•   the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
•   the Social Security Administration
•   or a physician

Each of these sources carries unique requirements in order to verify eligibility.

Recommended: Student Loan Disability Discharge Eligibility

Discharge Due to Death

A federal student loan may be discharged with acceptable proof of death. Documentation such as a death certificate generally qualifies as acceptable proof of death.

Discharge in Bankruptcy

Though not automatic, it is possible to have a student loan discharged in the event of Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy. This discharge requires a separate legal action, called an adversary proceeding, in which the court must agree that having to continue to repay the debt would impose an undue hardship on the individual.

In addition to discharges granted due to an individual’s personal circumstances, there are also some scenarios where the school’s actions may confer eligibility. These include:
•   Borrower Defense to Repayment: if the school engaged in certain types of misconduct based on certain state laws
•   False Certification Discharge: if an individual’s school falsely certifies their ability to receive a loan
•   Unpaid refund discharge: if an individual withdraws but the school does not return loan funds as required

Recommended: Bankruptcy and Student Loans: What You Should Know

The Takeaway

There are a few programs that allow eligible borrowers to discharge their student loan debt. For private student loans, there is no universal rule or regulation governing discharge.

While getting rid of student debt would indeed be a dream come true for most people, the stringent requirements for receiving federal student loan discharge means many people are not eligible.

But that doesn’t mean there aren’t other ways to reduce the burden. Refinancing a student loan is one way to help lower the total cost of student debt by tapping into more favorable interest rates for qualifying borrowers, which could reduce the total amount of interest paid.

The benefits of federal student loans are eliminated when the loan is refinanced, so those pursuing federal loan forgiveness, and others, may not want to refinance.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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Congratulations! After years of rigorous studying, training, and overall hard work, you’ve graduated from medical school. At this point, you’ve likely made it through Match Day and are ready to start a residency, even closer to becoming a fully fledged doctor.

Though the relief of graduation is certainly well deserved, medical school isn’t going to disappear from your rearview mirror soon. If you’re like most medical students, you likely finished school with a considerable amount of debt.

According to the Association of American Medical Colleges , 84% of medical students in the graduating class of 2020 had education debt (premedical and medical) of $100,000 or more, with 54% of graduates owing $200,000 or more and 20% owing $300,000 or more.

And while doctors can potentially make quite a bit of money—pediatricians earn an average of $232,000 and orthopedic specialists make $511,000, according to Medscape’s 2020 annual compensation report , for example—the average resident does not.

So, what’s a resident to do? Unfortunately, for some, finances may continue to be a challenge in the years immediately after graduating from medical school, so it could be helpful to take steps to lessen the financial anxiety that can accompany such a significant debt load.

The good news is most physicians could be on track to pay off their debt quicker than those in other fields with lower earning potential. But, even once you make the big bucks as a doctor and negotiate a sizable physician signing bonus, you’ll likely look to maintain your financial well-being.

Here, we take a look at some steps that may help you to get the most out of your money post-med school-and manage your student loans.

Making a Post-Med School Budget and Sticking to It

Residency can feel like a time when you’re struggling to make ends meet while working 12-hour shifts on your way to becoming a doctor. Being placed in a city with a high cost of living only increases the challenge.

The average resident salary in 2020 was $63,400, according to Medscape’s 2020 annual report . This may not go as far as it would seem to someone who has been in school earning no money.

Creating a budget that makes sense for your current circumstances and sticking to it will help. This might not include a fancy car (yet), and unless you’ve already signed a medical contract to stay in the same city after your residency, then it may not include buying a house either—even if you might be tempted by a mortgage loan.

Budgeting doesn’t end once you’re done with residency, either. If you can stick to your resident budget for an extra year or two, you may be able to save up money to pay down more on your student loans and start your medical career with some cash.

After all, the rate at which you are able to become debt-free may largely depend on your budget and lifestyle, not just your income.

Having an Emergency Fund and a Retirement Account

Typically, a good financial wellness rule of thumb is to aim to have a few months’ worth of your income saved up for an emergency fund. And yes, this is even applicable for doctors, who, like everyone else, could have something happen that ends up being a huge expense.

Given this, one good idea may be to start stashing away money whenever you can, and putting this emergency money into a separate account from your regular checking account. This way, you can know that it’s there but not be tempted to use it.

Though retirement may seem like a lifetime away—especially after recently finishing up school—saving for retirement as soon as is practical is a common financial goal. It’s also helpful to get into the habit of putting away something regularly. With a solid budget in place, you may be less likely to have to pick between paying down student loans and setting aside for retirement: it’s possible to do both.

Depending on your situation and goals, you may want to invest your money in a 401(k), 403(b), or a traditional or Roth IRA. It may be helpful to keep in mind that one easy way to up your retirement savings is by contributing enough to your employer-sponsored plan to max out on any company match. If your work doesn’t offer a retirement savings plan, consider opening an IRA with SoFi and get access to a broad range of investment options, member services, and a robust suite of planning and investment tools.

Considering an Income-Driven Loan Repayment Plan

You might find yourself feeling tempted to put your medical school student loans (if they’re federal student loans) on hold or into forbearance while you finish residency, but that move could still rack up interest and leave you further in debt.

Instead, you might consider an income-driven repayment plan that establishes monthly payments based on your income and family size.

It may not be as fast as sticking with traditional repayment plans, but if it’s necessary, this method could potentially help you avoid ballooning interest payments while you’re in residency, and typically lowers your monthly payments by lengthening your loan term. (Repayer beware: longer loan terms mean more interest payments, so it’s likely you’ll pay more for your loans overall.)

For med school graduates, there are a few federal income-driven repayment plans you may want to consider: income-based repayment (IBR), income-contingent repayment (ICR), and Pay As You Earn (PAYE).

The eligibility requirements will vary for each type of plan, and you may have to pay more once you sign a medical contract or earn more as a doctor, as income for plans such as PAYE is reviewed on an annual basis. Still, it’s helpful to consider the different options out there and choose what works best for you. And if you choose to practice medicine in underserved communities—as we’ll explain in more detail below—an income-driven repayment plan may be part of that picture.

Checking out Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

Another potential option you may want to look into is going into a public service program. This option allows for a particularly attractive perk for doctors: student loan debt forgiveness.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) is one such program run by the U.S. Department of Education that forgives the remainder of federal loans after participants have met certain eligibility requirements, such as ten years’ worth of on-time, eligible monthly payments and working for a qualifying employer, which typically includes government or certain nonprofit organizations.

The good news is that these programs may tie in nicely with the work you already want to do as a doctor. If you’ve always wanted to go into public service and also find yourself feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of paying off all of your debts, then this may be a great option.

Even if you’re not entirely sure, it may be a good idea to get started with the process now because you will need to ensure your repayment plan is on track in order to qualify later—and that may require one of the income-driven plans mentioned above.

To set yourself up financially for this situation, first you may need to consolidate your federal loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan, but it’s wise to carefully review the PSLF program requirements first.

Additionally, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) also have med school loan repayment programs for doctors who are interested in doing medical research for a nonprofit organization (through NIH programs) or health care work in a high-need area (via the NHSC program).

Many states also run their own loan forgiveness and repayment programs for doctors, which are worth looking into if you’re interested in this route. Keep in mind, there may be several different options that can help you get your loans forgiven.

Looking into Refinancing Your Student Loans

Dealing with student debt can be one of the most stressful things people experience in their lifetime. After years of hard work, graduating into a world of six-figure debt can sometimes feel anti-climatic, but rest assured that there are options.

Even if the above strategies aren’t a fit for you, there are other ways to move forward. Depending on your exact situation and needs, you may be a good candidate for student loan refinancing, which allows you to consolidate outstanding loans and may reduce your interest rates, as well as your stress levels.

(Keep in mind that refinancing your student loans with a private lender will mean that federal loan benefits, such as PSLF and income-driven repayment, will no longer be available to you.)

Refinancing your loans at a lower interest rate can be a fairly simple way to save money on the lifetime cost of your loan. SoFi has a number of student loan refinance options for medical school graduates, with variable or fixed interest rates and no application fees.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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If your master plan involves climbing the corporate ladder you may be considering heading to grad school to get your MBA. It’s a serious investment—business school doesn’t come cheap.

But an MBA could help you advance your career and increase your income potential by a fairly substantial amount. If you decide to go to business school, part of your search will likely involve finding the most affordable MBA program for you.

The Cost of Getting an MBA

Tuition costs for MBA programs can vary dramatically. At the lower end, tuition starts around $27,864 per year, and at the higher end, it’s closer to $80,000 per year. At Elite schools students can expect tuition costs over $100,000.

On top of tuition costs, there are other fees and expenses associated with attending school: You’ll have to account for housing, or room and board, plus books and other supplies; some clubs, which are important for networking, have fees that you may want to cover; and certain MBA programs offer study-abroad opportunities, also at an additional cost.

For example, at MIT, the estimated cost of tuition, housing, books, and other fees for the 2020-2021 school year was $120,846 .

Affordable MBA Options

Finding an affordable MBA program may require some research, but there are options out there. Here are a few avenues to consider when looking for one of the most affordable business schools.

Affordable Full-Time MBA Programs

Take the time to do a quick search and compare the going rates of MBA programs. Attending a state school where you qualify for in-state tuition could ultimately lower the cost of earning your MBA.

For the 2020-2021 school year, in-state residents at Oklahoma State University Sears School of Business pay a tuition of $18,814.80 per year, while tuition for out-of-state students is $42,069.00. The University of Central Arkansas offers online, on-campus, and hybrid programs with a base tuition rate of $325.00 per credit hour .

Online MBA Programs

There are a variety of universities that offer online-only MBA programs , at relatively low costs. Tuition for some online MBA programs under $10,000. Online programs can also offer flexibility for students who are still working while pursuing their degree.

Depending on the program courses may be offered synchronously, at-set times where lectures take place live, or asynchronously, where lectures are recorded and students may be able to set their own schedules.

However, some online programs (especially ones that are not accredited) aren’t as well regarded by industry professionals as full-time or in-person programs, which may mean less return on investment after you graduate.

Another potential downside to an online-only education is there is limited opportunity to network with other students in the program.

Part-Time MBA Programs

Part-time MBA programs allow students to complete their MBA while still working full- or part-time. This allows students to continue earning an income and supplement what they are learning in their classes with the real-life experience they are getting from their work. Many of these programs can take two to three years to complete.

Depending on the school, the part-time MBA program may also be on the expensive side, so read the details on tuition and fees at the schools you are comparing.

One-Year MBA Programs

While two year, full-time programs are traditional, one-year MBA options are popular in Europe. These are accelerated courses of study where students enroll in an intensive program to earn their degree. The cost of tuition may be less than for a full-time MBA program since students spend just one year taking classes and out of the workforce.

More programs in the U.S. are starting to offer one-year MBA options, including Northwestern University and Cornell University .

Cost-Benefit Analysis of MBA Programs

When it comes to applying to an MBA program, the cost of tuition (and books, housing, other fees, etc.) will likely all factor into the equation. It’s also worth reviewing the average salaries of graduates from specific programs you are considering.

Some programs have a fairly low salary-to-debt ratio (highest average salary, with lowest debt incurred), while others leave their student under a mountain of debt with less than ideal income prospects after graduation.

Beyond just the cost of tuition, there are other intangible factors that may come into play, like the network you are (hopefully) building as you make your way through your MBA program plus other transferable skills you’ll hopefully gain.

It can be difficult to place a monetary value on these items, but it’s not a bad idea to consider them when making your decision. For example, if there is a strong alumni network, it could help you find a job after graduation.

How you plan on paying for your MBA should also be factored into your decision-making process. Some companies may offer to cover a portion or all of the program’s tuition.

This can be a great benefit for those able to cash in, but review company policies because there may be some strings attached: You may be required to work for a specified number of years at your current firm, which could be unappealing if you’re interested in exploring a new industry.

Another option is MBA student loans, either private or federal. While federal student loans come with attractive protections, like deferment, forbearance, or income-driven repayment plans, private student loans could be an option as well.

In general, private student loans are borrowed as a last-resort option. Federal student loans, scholarships or grants, and other fellowships are generally preferable to private student loans.

Review the loans you are eligible for, including their terms, student loan repayment plans, interest rates, and any additional fees. Take the time to see how much you could be paying in interest over the life of the loan to get an idea of what your degree could truly be costing you.

When it comes right down to it, to help ensure you’re getting an affordable and valuable degree, do your research. Finding the best program for you may take a little time, but if you’re passionate about advancing your education and pursuing a career in business, the right MBA program can be a great step in the right direction.

The Takeaway

An MBA can be a solid step for those pursuing a career in business. Graduates learn valuable skills for the workplace and could improve their earning potential.

What may be a disadvantage to some considering graduate school is the cost of some MBA programs. There are alternatives that may make getting your MBA a more affordable goal. These options include part-time, online, one-year, or even some full-time in-person MBA programs.

MBA grads with student loans may find themselves in a position where they’re interested in refinancing after entering (or re-entering) the workforce.

Student loan refinancing lenders use criteria like borrower credit history and earning potential (among other financial factors) to determine the new interest rate and terms.

As a newly minted MBA holder, you’re on the path to upward mobility and may benefit from refinancing your student loans. Refinancing any federal student loans will eliminate them from federal benefits, things like income-based repayment plans or Public Service Loan Forgiveness. But, a lower interest rate could mean you’ll pay less money over the life of the loan. To see what your new loan could look like, check out our easy-to-use student loan refinance calculator.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

It’s not a secret that attending college can get really pricey really fast. For women students looking for a bit of help in the funding department, there are tons of great grants and scholarships for women available that can help ease the financial burden of pursuing higher education and help lower student loan debt. While there are plenty of college scholarships and grants that women can apply to, the following programs are specifically designed for women applicants.

Women’s Independence Scholarship Program

The Women’s Independence Scholarship Program provides scholarship opportunities to female survivors of intimate partner abuse in order to help them regain their independence and self-sufficiency via higher education and employment.

This organization aims to support women who have been separated from an abusive partner for at least a year. Both full-time and part-time students with financial need may be eligible.

While the average award amount is about $2,000 per school term, there is no set amount for this award.

Women In Need

The Women in Need scholarship is intended for women who are completing their sophomore year of college to earn a Bachelor’s degree in accounting and are also the primary source of support for their family. The award amount is $2,000 per year for two years if renewed.

Financial need is taken into consideration as is evidence that the applicant has a goal of pursuing a degree in accounting in order to prepare for a career as an accounting or finance professional.

Moss Adams Foundation

The Moss Adams Foundation scholarship provides $1,000 graduate scholarships for women who intend to earn a bachelor’s degree in accounting and is available to minority women, women returning to school as current or re-entry juniors or seniors, and women who are pursuing their fifth year requirement through general studies or a graduate program.


Recipients must illustrate commitment to the goal of pursuing a degree in accounting in order to prepare for a career in the field and will need to provide evidence of continued commitment to this goal after they receive the award.

Jeannette Rankin Women’s Scholarship Fund

The Jeannette Rankin Women’s Scholarship Fund has scholarship opportunities and provides support for low-income women who are thirty-five or older so they can build better lives through post-secondary education.

Women who are low-income and pursuing a technical or vocational education, an associate’s degree, or a first bachelor’s degree may qualify for this scholarship.

Society of Women Engineers Scholarship Program

Women admitted to accredited baccalaureate or graduate programs that are preparing them for a career in engineering, engineering technology, or computer science can qualify for the Society of Women Engineers Scholarship Program . In 2018, the program distributed around approximately 238 scholarships that come to more than $830,000 worth of awards.

Applicants have to attend or plan to attend a school with ABET-accredited programs to qualify. Each year, these awards are available for freshmen through graduate students and award amounts from $1,000 to $16,000, some of which are renewable.

Go Girl! Grants

Education grants for women are also an option for some students looking for help paying for higher education. The Go Girl! Grants is one such example. The Girlfriend Factor has supported more than 147 local women in Coachella Valley, CA with over $500,000 in grants to help them pursue four year degrees or occupational certifications.

Applicants must be currently enrolled in school in at least two classes, 25 years of age or older, and live and go to school in Coachella Valley.

P.E.O. International Peace Scholarship Fund

If someone is looking for college scholarships for women that are international students, The Philanthropic Education Organization (P.E.O) hosts the International Peace Scholarship Fund which has been providing scholarships for women from other countries, who are pursuing graduate study in either the United States or Canada, since 1949. This scholarship is based on financial need and the maximum award amount is $12,500.

P.E.O. STAR Scholarship

The Philanthropic Education Organization also offers the P.E.O. STAR Scholarship , which was established in 2009, in order to provide scholarship opportunities to high school senior women who plan to attend an accredited postsecondary educational institution in the United States or Canada in the upcoming academic year.

This scholarship is non-renewable and offers awards of $2,500 that must be used in the academic year that directly follows high school graduation. These funds can be used for expenses like textbooks, tuition, fees, and room and board.

P.E.O. Program for Continuing Education

College grants for women are also available through P.E.O. who offers one-time need based grants to women completing a degree or certification needed to improve or gain skills that lead to employment. Recipients of the P.E.O. Program for Continuing Education must be citizens or legal permanent residents of the United States or Canada and the maximum grant is $3,000.

Soroptimist Live Your Dreams Award

Annually, Soroptimist distributes over $2.8 million in education awards to around 1,700 women from around the world, more than half of which are survivors of domestic violence, trafficking, or sexual assault. Recipients of the Soroptimist Live Your Dreams Award have overcome obstacles such as poverty, teen pregnancy, and drug or alcohol addiction.

The award is intended to help recipients offset costs associated with attaining a higher education. This includes costs like textbooks, childcare, tuition, and transportation.

Patsy Takemoto Mink Education Scholarship for Moms

Moms are in luck! There are specific scholarships for moms available. Mothers can apply for the Patsy Takemoto Mink Education Scholarship for Moms . Scholarship award availability and amounts can vary, but for reference, in 2020 the Patsy Mink Foundation offered five Education Support Awards at amounts of up to $5,000 per recipient in order to assist low-income women with children in pursuing higher education or training.

Managing Student Loan Debt that Scholarships Didn’t Cover

Hopefully there are some appealing gift aid options on this list that can help pay for higher education expenses! But even with the help of scholarships and grants, paying for college in full before graduation day can be challenging. Women with a lot of student loan debt may want to consider their student loan refinancing options to help lighten their load.

When a borrower refinances their student loans, they are taking out a new loan with a new interest rate and/or a new term. Ideally the new interest rate will be lower, making it easier and more affordable to pay off student loan debt.

It’s possible to refinance both federal and private student loans through SoFi student loan refinancing. Refinancing can be a good option for graduates who are struggling to pay down high-interest unsubsidized Direct Loans, Graduate PLUS loans, and/or private loans.

While there are some great benefits associated with refinancing student loans, it is worth noting that when a student refinances a federal loan into a private one, they lose access to certain federal protections such as public service forgiveness and economic hardship programs.

The Takeaway

Scholarships can be supremely helpful for students trying to pay for college. There are a variety of scholarships available specifically for women. In addition to the scholarships listed above, there may be opportunities available for women at a local level or, or at the college or university the student attends. Check the school’s financial aid website.

There are also online databases that can help students find scholarships to apply for.

Sometimes, paying for school entirely with scholarships isn’t possible. Students who borrowed student loans may be interested in refinancing them if they’re able to qualify for a lower interest rate or more competitive terms.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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It isn’t unusual for college students and graduates to be in debt due to education-related borrowing. Nearly half of adults under the age of 30 took on some student loan debt in 2019, according to a Federal Reserve report , with the typical amount being between $20,000 and $24,999. As for the overall amount of student loan debt in the United States, the dollar figure is now more than a staggering $1.7 trillion.

Because of this student loan crisis, the idea of having part or all of this student loan debt forgiven would naturally sound attractive to many of these borrowers, allowing them to spend their hard-earned dollars in other ways. This post will share facts and myths about student loan forgiveness, along with information about how forgiven student loan debt can affect a person’s income tax bill and, finally, the role that the 1099-C student loan forgiveness form plays.

Here’s a high-level look at the 1099-C student loan forgiveness form. This income tax document lists how much debt, dollar-wise, was forgiven in that tax year—and the IRS will also receive a copy. Why? Some student loan debt that’s forgiven is also considered to be taxable income.

Recommended: 7 Facts You Didn’t Know About Student Loan Debt

Student Loan Forgiveness

This is a subject where plenty of facts, myths, and half-truths exist. Part of the confusion may have arisen when the Student Loan Forgiveness Act (SLFA) was introduced in Congress in 2012 to help borrowers pay down their debt.

This Act proposed an interest rate cap on student loans, along with a repayment plan that would allow borrowers to have their loan balance forgiven after ten years if the payments they made equaled 10% of their adjusted gross income.

Students who found employment in public service jobs could have their balances forgiven after five years, rather than ten. This Act, though, never made it out of committee.

In May 2020, the House of Representatives passed the HEROES Act (although it wasn’t addressed by the Senate). The Act debated in the House would allow for $10,000 in forgiveness in federal student loans and $10,000 in private student loans per student, reduced from the initial proposal that called for $30,000 in forgiveness—but then the Act was further watered down to only provide this option to students who were struggling financially.

On October 1, 2020, the House passed a modified version of this bill, but it has not yet been addressed by the Senate.

The American Rescue Plan, which passed in March 2021, did include some provisions regarding student loan forgiveness. These provisions state that all forgiven student loans will be forgiven tax-free through December 2025.

Existing Options for Federal Student Loan Forgiveness

There are some options for borrowers to receive forgiveness on federal student loans. These forgiveness options include:

•   Income-Driven Repayment Plans: The U.S. government offers four types of income-driven repayment plans where the remaining balance could be forgiven after 20 to 25 years if requirements are met. Requirements include paying designated amounts on time.
•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness: Under this program, borrowers who work for a qualifying non-profit agency, governmental organization, or public interest employers can get their loans forgiven after ten years. They must make 120 payments based on their income to qualify. The amount forgiven under this plan is not considered taxable income by the IRS.
•   Teacher Loan Forgiveness Program: Qualifying teachers, after five years of teaching full-time, can get up to $17,500 of their federal loans forgiven. To qualify for the full amount, they need to teach math or science at the secondary level, or special education at the elementary or secondary level. Otherwise, they may still qualify for $5,000 in forgiveness.
•   NURSE Corps Loan Repayment Plan: This program can pay up to 85% of eligible borrowers’ unpaid nursing school debt. To qualify, they must work for two years in a critical shortage facility or as a nursing faculty member at an accredited school. After two years, 60% of student loan debt can be forgiven. If qualifying for another year, then an additional 25% of the debt can be forgiven.
•   Indian Health Services’ Loan Repayment Program: This program will repay up to $40,000 for qualifying doctors, nurses, dentists, psychologists, and other healthcare professionals working for two years in facilities that serve American Indian or Alaskan Native communities. Contracts can continue to be renewed beyond the initial two years until the loan debt is fully paid off, and other professionals—such as environmental engineers and social workers—may qualify.
•   The National Health Service Corps: Medical, dental, and mental health professionals who work for two years in underserved areas can qualify for up to $50,000 in loan repayment forgiveness. Typically, it’s the federal loans that qualify.

There is plenty of discussions right now about forgiving student loans in additional ways, so it’s possible that forgiveness programs may be expanded under the new administration. It’s hard to predict right now.

There certainly is support for the idea of forgiving all student loans, with more than half of Americans (54%) agreeing that this debt is a “major problem” in the United States. When looking at registered voters, 58% of them say they’d support a plan that got rid of existing student loan debt—and to also make public colleges and universities, along with trade schools, tuition-free.

When it comes to private student loans, these loans can seldom be forgiven except under the direst of circumstances, such as when the borrower becomes completely disabled or dies.

Recommended: Understanding Private Student Loan Forgiveness Options

1099-C: Cancellation of Debt (Student Loans!)

When a borrower gets student loan debt forgiven, tax consequences should be investigated and, as with any tax-related question, it’s best to consult with an accountant or tax attorney.

Programs that require borrowers to serve in high-need areas or in public service can provide forgiveness of debt that’s tax-free. Current examples of tax-free forgiveness include Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Teacher Loan Forgiveness, and the National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program. Forgiveness under income-driven repayment plans is generally taxable.

The tax season after a borrower receives student loan forgiveness, they’ll likely receive a 1099-C form. This will list how much debt was forgiven in Box 2, so check to make sure it matches your records and then verify whether income taxes will be owed on this amount.

Some borrowers who will see tax consequences for forgiven student loan amounts may be pushed into a higher tax bracket. If this occurs, they will need to deal with a double whammy: more taxable income at a higher bracket.

In some cases, this will make it difficult for the borrower to pay the amount of income taxes owed for that year. Some may decide to put the amount on a credit card or take out a personal loan, while others negotiate with the IRS or set up a payment plan with the agency.

The Takeaway

Federal student loans come with benefits not available through private student loans, including the forgiveness programs like those offered by Public Service Loan Forgiveness or income-driven repayment plans. When federal student loans are refinanced, the borrower can’t benefit from the forgiveness programs anymore.

If you’re thinking about refinancing student loans, it may make sense to explore what’s available at SoFi. Check out this information about student loan refinancing while the ongoing relief due to COVID-19 is in effect and what can make sense (short answer: refinancing federal loans might not be the thing to do right now, but it could make sense to explore refinancing private student loans through SoFi).

SoFi offers competitive rates with no fees and, if and when the time is right, you can refinance your federal student loans with your private student loans, something that many financial institutions simply won’t do. Plus, it’s quick, easy, and convenient to apply online.

IF YOU ARE LOOKING TO REFINANCE FEDERAL STUDENT LOANS, PLEASE BE AWARE THAT THE WHITE HOUSE HAS ANNOUNCED UP TO $20,000 OF STUDENT LOAN FORGIVENESS FOR PELL GRANT RECIPIENTS AND $10,000 FOR QUALIFYING BORROWERS WHOSE STUDENT LOANS ARE FEDERALLY HELD. ADDITIONALLY, THE FEDERAL STUDENT LOAN PAYMENT PAUSE AND INTEREST HOLIDAY HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO DEC. 31, 2022. PLEASE CAREFULLY CONSIDER THESE CHANGES BEFORE REFINANCING FEDERALLY HELD LOANS WITH SOFI, SINCE THE AMOUNT OR PORTION OF YOUR FEDERAL STUDENT DEBT THAT YOU REFINANCE WILL NO LONGER QUALIFY FOR THE FEDERAL LOAN PAYMENT SUSPENSION, INTEREST WAIVER, OR ANY OTHER CURRENT OR FUTURE BENEFITS APPLICABLE TO FEDERAL LOANS. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION.
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SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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