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Does the thought of possibly shelling out tens of thousands of dollars to sit in a classroom for four more years after graduating from high school make you groan? While college is a good option for many people, it isn’t for everyone—and not going to a four year college doesn’t mean you can’t have a meaningful career.

More people than ever before have a college degree, but a four-year program isn’t the only way to be successful. The truth is that college may not be the right path for all high school grads.

There are many colleges you can consider, but for some people, sitting in class for another four years to get an expensive degree doesn’t hold interest. And for many, family or work obligations make it difficult to pursue full-time education.

There are certain jobs for which you need a college degree, like engineering or counseling, but there are plenty of careers out there that might be a better fit for you. And, as we mentioned, college degrees can be pricey.

In the 2019–20 school year, the average in-state college tuition and fees was just over $10,000 , and for private school, it was about $36,000. The cost of college has actually grown eight times more quickly than wages from 1989 to 2016. That means that an expensive college degree may not be a strong return on investment for certain career paths.

Alternatives to a College Degree

Just because you aren’t interested in a four-year degree doesn’t mean you need to forgo higher education entirely. The popularity of alternative educational models, like trade schools, is rising, and community colleges offer many practical certification and two year associate degree programs that can help you get ahead.

It is important to know that even if you’re not planning to pursue a four-year degree, you still have options when it comes to creating a career that is right for you.

Trade School

Sometimes known as technical or vocational schools, trade schools can prepare you for a specific job, such as truck driving, nursing, or medical assistance. These programs are normally much shorter than four years, and certain programs may allow you to finish in only a few months. There are both public and private trade schools, with some operating on a for-profit basis.

Trade schools don’t award bachelor’s degrees. Instead, when you graduate from a trade school, you typically receive a diploma or certificate indicating that you are trained and certified to perform a specific job. Some trade school programs do offer associate degrees, which are the same type of degrees offered by many community colleges.

Community College

And that brings us to community colleges, which, as we mentioned above, usually offer two-year degrees called associate degrees. These degrees can either stand alone or be a stepping stone to obtaining a bachelor’s degree at a four-year school. But many community colleges offer career preparation programs that are designed to help students jump into the workforce without the need for a bachelor’s degree.

Community college could also be a great way to test out college life and see if you want to continue pursuing higher education. They tend to be much less expensive than four-year universities, which means it won’t cost you an arm and a leg before you decide if higher education is right for you.

Apprenticeships

Though you may not have realized it, apprenticeships are not just something you read about in a history book on the Middle Ages. Currently, the U.S. has a robust network of training programs and apprenticeships that are designed so you can learn a trade while working a paid job.

Apprenticeships can be a win-win for employers and employees because they allow those starting out to begin working immediately—that way, employers can fill vacant jobs and you can receive a paycheck right away.

Described as “learn while you earn,” they can help you learn how to use industry-specific tools and technologies and help you develop your skills over a period of time. According to the U.S. government, workers who train in apprenticeships earn about $300,000 more in earnings over their careers than workers who don’t go through or complete an apprenticeship program.

Starting a Business

Another option for those who aren’t interested in all-night cram sessions and dorm rooms is starting your own business. In fact, a 2017 study showed that more than half of business owners don’t have a four-year college degree.

If you are already passionate about—and have a lot of knowledge about—a specific field or industry, you might consider skipping college altogether and jumping into that business.

Starting your own business takes a lot of hard work, but it could mean that you get to be your own boss and work in an industry you love. And because you could quickly become an expert on the products or services you provide, you aren’t necessarily at a disadvantage because you lack a degree.

If You Do Go the College Route

There are plenty of options if you choose not to attend a four-year college. However, there are also options within the world of college: the type of college you choose, the major you decide to pursue, and how you pay for college.

There’s no denying it: Higher education is expensive. If you go that route, and you take out student loans, there are ways to help you manage the debt you are paying on. For some grads, loan refinancing can be a big help.

Refinancing your student loans with a private lender, like SoFi, may help you snag better repayment terms that can help facilitate a quicker payoff, such as a shorter term—or you could qualify for a lower interest rate.

One important thing to note is that refinancing federal loans with a private lender could make you ineligible for some federal loan benefits, like Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), so it’s important to do your research when deciding what the best program fit is for you.

Got that four-year degree and looking to pay off those loans? With SoFi, refinancing is fast and easy, and there are no hidden fees. Learn more and find your rate today.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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Student loan protection for borrowers has been a long time coming.

Luckily, there’s a new bill making its way through California’s state legislature that, if passed, would establish new student loan protections for borrowers in the Golden State.

This would be welcome news to the students who have found themselves with high loan balances and unclear guidance on how to pay them back. (According to the bill , over 1 million borrowers in California defaulted on their student loans in 2017—three times the number who lost homes to foreclosure in the same period.)

The gravity of the student loan situation is reflected on both the national and the state level. Borrowers hold $1.49 trillion in student loan debt in the United States, with $125 billion of that debt in the hands of 3.7 million California residents, netting out to around $33,000 per borrower, on average.

$125 billion

And as if paying back a student loan isn’t hard enough, the student loan market has dealt with its fair share of predatory practices. California is hoping to lead the charge on student loan protections, setting a standard that other states can follow.

The Student Borrower Bill of Rights, Assembly Bill 376, aims to tighten protections for California borrowers from servicing abuses that could end up costing them. Here’s what you need to know.

What Is the California Student Loan Borrower Bill of Rights?

Brought to the California State Assembly by Assemblymember Mark Stone, this legislation would establish consumer protections against predatory practices within the student loan industry.

The bill is being co-sponsored by Consumer Reports and other advocacy groups such as NextGen California, Student Borrower Protection Center, Student Debt Crisis, and Young Invincibles. The bill passed through the Assembly and Senate and is currently in committee.

The Student Borrower Bill of Rights focuses on private loan servicers, who act as the primary point of contact for most borrowers.

If a borrower has a question about their loan, wants to make an additional payment to their loan, or wants to change their repayment plan as is allowed by federal plans, they contact their servicer. The service provider acts as a recordkeeper for the loan and as a result, is where borrowers go for information on their loans.

According to the bill, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has continued to find that borrowers encounter servicers that engage in practices such as discouraging borrower-friendly alternative payment plans, failing to respond to questions about loans, overturning known payment processing errors, and generally failing to provide sufficient information to borrowers regarding their loans.

In recent years, these companies have been the target of lawsuits for abusive practices and mismanagement. Says Suzanne Martindale for Consumer Reports : “Multiple investigations have shown that loan servicers routinely lose paperwork, misapply payments, provide borrowers inaccurate information, and even steer them into more costly repayment options with virtually no accountability.

“At a time when the U.S. Department of Education has refused to set loan servicing standards to help borrowers, it’s critical for states like California to lead the way and address these longstanding abuses.”

This won’t be the first student loan-related bill in California in recent history—in 2016, California passed the Student Loan Servicing Act , requiring all student loan servicers to obtain licenses to operate in California.

Servicers in the state are also subject to routine oversight by the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation. The current bill looks to build on the 2016 bill, establishing a standard of practice for student loan servicers.

AB 376 states that “the State of California has an opportunity and an obligation to act” and that “with the increasingly uncertain federal landscape, it is now more important than ever to ensure that California student loan borrowers will be given meaningful access to federal affordable repayment options and loan forgiveness benefits, reliable information, and quality customer service and fair treatment.”

What Does the Student Borrower Bill of Rights Hope to Accomplish?

Behind the legislation is the desire to promote meaningful access to the services promised by federal student loans: affordable repayment and loan forgiveness benefits for student loan borrowers, and the ability to rely on information about their loans from service reps.

One goal of AB 376 is to build upon the Student Loan Servicing Act of 2016. The bill would strengthen the state’s ability to protect borrowers by creating minimum standards for student loan servicing companies and helping to improve oversight within the industry for California residents. Here is an overview of key points outlined by the bill, according to Consumer Reports :

•  Ban “abusive” student loan servicing practices that take unreasonable advantage of borrowers’ confusion over loan repayment options

•  Create minimum loan servicing standards to ensure fair application of payments, improved record-keeping on borrower accounts, and proper staff training so borrowers are informed of more affordable payment options

•  Establish a Student Loan Advocate to review borrower complaints, gather data, and issue reports to the state legislature

•  Grant the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation additional “market monitoring” authorities to collect better data about the student loan servicing industry.

Ultimately, the bill’s creators hope it will be a guide for other states—or federal law. The text of the bill points to the lack of action by federal legislatures to combat widespread abuse, even though the Office of Inspector General at the United States Department of Education reported improper practices at each of the largest student loan servicers.

What Can Borrowers Do Now?

While the bill seems to be taking the necessary steps to protect borrowers from unscrupulous loan servicers, it does not solve the problem of nefarious loan servicing practices. Additionally, this bill does not seek to relieve any of the existing student debt burden held by borrowers, which is currently a topic of national conversation.

But that doesn’t mean there aren’t steps that borrowers can take to help make sure they’re set up for success. First, borrowers may find the simple act of identifying and organizing student loans could bring clarity.

You could list out each loan along with the student loan servicer, the interest rate, and the balance. It might be a good idea to learn as much as you can about your loans, including (and especially) the terms of your repayment.

If you have federal loans, you could make sure that you are using an appropriate repayment plan. If you don’t select another plan, most federal loans will be placed into the standard 10-year repayment plan, but there are other options.

For those borrowers struggling to make their monthly payments, moving to a more affordable income-driven repayment plan is generally a better option than missing loan payments.

If you do find yourself in a position where you need to miss a loan payment, you could contact your servicer to discuss your options as well.

If you have private loans, you are unlikely to have as many options for managing your student loan payments, such as income-driven repayment plans or options for deferment or forbearance.

Because the interest rates on student loans vary, borrowers who are looking to pay off their debt might want to focus on paying off the loans with the higher interest rates first, while also making minimum payments on any other debt.

It may also be possible to reduce the overall interest rate on student loans and consolidate loans through student loan refinancing. Refinancing is the process of paying off your old loans with a new loan through a private loan refinancing company like SoFi.

You can check your rates with SoFi in just a few minutes. There’s no obligation to sign up, and checking won’t affect your credit score1. For many borrowers, SoFi has been a breath of fresh air in an industry that hasn’t always felt friendly.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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Teachers in the U.S. are faced with underfunded classrooms and stagnant pay. In fact, the average teacher salary has actually decreased 4.5% over the last 10 years. However, the average teacher salary can vary greatly depending on your level of experience, location and cost of living, and grade level or subject you teach.

Average Teacher Salary by State

The national average salary for a first-year teacher in the 2017-18 school year was $39,249, according to the most recent data available from the National Education Association . This comes in far below the overall average starting salary of $50,944 for graduates with a bachelor’s degree employed across all fields of work.

But where a teacher decides to live and work has a huge impact on a starting salary. For instance, the state with the lowest average for new teachers is Montana, at only $31,418—almost $10,000 less than the national average. And in Washington state, first-year teachers averaged $42,240, the highest across the country.

For experienced teachers, the average salary is higher. According to the NEA , the average public school teacher salary in the U.S. was $60,477 in the 2017-18 school year.

As with first-year teacher salaries, there is still a wide range when it comes to state averages , with New York, California, and Massachusetts on the high end—all over $80,000—and Mississippi, West Virginia, and Oklahoma at the lower end—all between $44,000-$47,000.

Also, high school teachers tend to make, on average, more money than their colleagues in elementary or middle school. The national average high school teacher salary was $62,860 in 2017, according to U.S. News Best Jobs Rankings . Middle school teachers averaged $61,040, and elementary school teachers $60,830.

However, it’s important to note that most salary reports and rankings do not account for cost-of-living differences. NPR ran an analysis in 2018 , with the help of EdBuild, to adjust the 2016 rankings of teacher salaries by states for cost of living.

When discussing average salaries, usually those numbers have not been adjusted for regional differences on things like rents and mortgages or day-to-day spending like food and day care.

Those costs can vary widely depending on where you live. The adjustments NPR made to the 2016 NEA data meant that, for instance, while New York ranked first in average salary at $77,957, it dropped to 17th place after the adjustment.

Another interesting example is that while Indiana and California appear to be vastly different in average teacher salary, at $50,715 and $72,842 respectively, the cost-of-living adjustment brings them within $100 of each other.

In the past year, teachers across the country have been going on strike to protest everything from low education budgets to flat wages.

In South Carolina, where the average teaching salary in 2017-18 was only $50,182 (about $10,000 lower than the national average), NBC News reports many teachers are working extra jobs just to make ends meet.

The state has pushed back on several efforts to give teachers substantial raises, according to the report. Teachers are working on factory assembly lines, checking tickets at event venues, or in retail jobs in order to make up for not having a living wage from their day jobs as teachers.

So, when you are looking for the average teacher salary in your state, make sure you also take into account your years of teaching experience, type of school, location, and cost of living.

Paying Off Your Student Loans as a Teacher

The National Center for Education Statistics reported in April 2018 that for the 2015-16 school year, there were 3.8 million full- and part-time public school teachers in the U.S., split evenly between elementary and secondary school teachers.

The class of 2016 graduated with an average debt of about $28,500, according to the College Board . On a standard 10-year repayment plan with a 6% interest rate, the monthly payment for that average debt amount would be about $316 per month.

For the new public school teacher only making an average of $39,249, that’s almost 10% of their annual income just spent on student loan payments.

Teachers in many states are also required to maintain certification by continuing their education, and may even decide to pursue a graduate degree or further education to help advance in their careers, which could result in compounded debt.

For teachers who are hoping to pursue student loan forgiveness, there are a few possibilities when it comes to federal loans:

Teacher Loan Forgiveness

This program currently can forgive up to $5,000 or up to $17,500 in federal loans, depending on the subject you teach. In order to qualify, you must be a full-time teacher and complete five years in a row teaching at a qualifying school or educational service agency. The eligible loans are federal Direct Loans and Stafford Loans.

Highly qualified math or science teachers or special education teachers may be able to receive the maximum amount of up to $17,500 of their student loans forgiven. Teachers of other subjects may be able to get up to $5,000 of their loans forgiven. There are additional requirements for teachers who are new to the profession as well.

Teachers may be able to get loan forgiveness under both the Teacher Loan Forgiveness and Public Service Loan Forgiveness programs, just not for the same period of teaching service.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)

Under this program, qualifying public service employees, which can include teachers, may be eligible to have their loan balance forgiven on federal Direct Loans after making 120 on-time payments under a qualifying repayment plan.

Unlike the Teacher Loan Forgiveness program, teachers do not need to teach at a low-income school or in a certain subject when applying for the PSLF Program. The requirements include that you are employed by the government on a local, state or federal level or work for certain non-profit organizations.

The payments only count if you are a teacher employed full-time by a qualified public service employer. Private loans and non-Direct federal loans are not eligible for this program, but may be able to be consolidated into a Direct Consolidation Loan. However, keep in mind that consolidation will probably restart the repayment clock and previous payments might not count.

That’s why it’s important to be on the right repayment plan from the start. The Department of Education recommends an income-driven repayment plan, instead of the 10-Year Standard Repayment Plan, to get the best value from the program.

This will cap your payments based on your income, and if you’re on the lower end of the teacher pay scale that will likely mean that, after 120 payments, there will probably still be some amount of debt to be forgiven.

If you didn’t choose an income-driven repayment plan before choosing the PSLF program, you may have been placed on the standard 10-year repayment plan and, possibly, there would be nothing left to forgive.

Teachers with Perkins Loans may be able to have their loans entirely forgiven by serving full-time in a public or nonprofit elementary or secondary school as a:
•   Teacher in a school serving low-income students.
•   Special education teacher.
•   Math, science, foreign languages, or bilingual education teacher, or teacher in any field determined by a state education agency as having a shortage of qualified teachers in that area.

To qualify , you must teach for at least one year, and then the loan amount is cancelled in yearly increments until 100% is cancelled after five years. The federal Perkins Loan program ended in September 2017, but loans distributed through the program may still qualify.

Refinancing Student Loans

If you have other loans, such as private loans, that do not qualify for these federal loan forgiveness programs it might be worth considering refinancing your student loan debt. This may help make your loan payments more affordable and possibly offer you a lower interest rate.

If you qualify to refinance with a private lender, such as SoFi, you may also be able to change your student loan’s term length to help lower your monthly payments.

While private lenders like SoFi can refinance both your federal and private student loans, you should know that in doing so, you lose benefits that federal student loans provide like income-driven repayment programs and Teacher Loan Forgiveness programs.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

Earning an MBA (Master of Business Administration) degree is no small feat. Between the work you did in undergrad, the application process, determining how to pay for your MBA education, and completing your studies, internship(s), and other work—you’ve done a lot. You should be proud of yourself!

But what comes next?

After all, you’ve taken a breadth of courses. According to The Princeton Review, core business school
courses (often taken in Year 1 of a two-year program) cover a range of topics: finance, management, accounting, decision science, organizational behavior, and economics. During Year 2, students may specialize their studies.

For example, Berkeley’s Haas School of Business offers courses including technology, health management, and corporate social responsibility. All these subjects are designed to help an MBA grad develop the skills to lead in a business setting.

According to a survey by the Association of International Graduate Admissions Consultants, about 57% of survey respondents reported wanting to acquire new business-related skills and knowledge.

Others hoped the degree would increase their job prospects, help them build a strong professional network, help them make a positive difference in the world and/or lead to an increased salary.

With these skills in hand, there are a number of avenues your post-MBA career can follow. Below, you’ll find some of the paths today’s MBA-holders are considering—and they may not be what you expect. And because MBA students leave school with an average of $70,000 in loans, we’ll dig into possible ways to tackle that debt, too.

Tech

According to the Graduate Management Admissions Council (GMAC), MBA grads are likely to find opportunities in the tech world . Major tech companies include Amazon, Microsoft, and Google—and their lesser known counterparts are hiring MBA grads, too. GMAC polled recruiters, and 89% said they were looking to employee people with a business degree.

MBA grads might be hired for work in strategy, product management, business development, finance, operations, or human resources. Depending on your undergraduate degree (computer science, engineering, etc), your previous work experience, and your specialization in grad school, some roles may be a better fit than others.

Sustainability

If you’re an MBA grad aiming to making a positive environmental or social impact, you may be leaning towards a job at the intersection of business and sustainability. You could work for a company devoted to green energy such as a solar power company, or an automobile brand that makes hybrid and electric cars.

You might also want to consider a company that aims to develop new green products, or that wants to make its current business practices more sustainable.

“Environmental issues like climate change and its impacts are going to profoundly affect businesses across almost every sector in coming decades,” said Katie Kross, managing director at the Center for Energy, Development, and the Global Environment (EDGE) at Duke’s Fuqua School of Business. “Today’s MBA students are launching their careers in a world where natural resource constraints have far-reaching implications for how businesses operate.”

Entrepreneurship

By definition, an entrepreneur is an innovator who launches and operates a business, often taking on most of the financial risk and reaping most of the rewards.

Business schools recruit future business leaders, so plenty of MBA students attend graduate school hoping to gather the skills necessary to create and run a successful company. Some even started companies before attending business school, gaining valuable experience, with specific questions about how to improve their business.

Cameron McCain is one such MBA grad . According to McCain, the biggest advantages to earning an MBA as an entrepreneur, for him, included building a network. One day, those people may be behind the doors you’re knocking on in your quest for capital. He also says that an MBA helps entrepreneurs fill in the gaps of their own business acumen. For McCain, that meant focusing on finance, an area in which he had less experience.

Entertainment

Fashion, entertainment, and sports companies likely need people with a business background. Take film and television companies, for instance. Like other businesses, they require market data analysis. Which products are succeeding? Which are failing? Being able to look at consumer data and then make strategic business moves is an MBA-taught skill set.

Entrepreneur Cara Withers Shaw , who got her MBA from Pepperdine University, worked for multiple entertainment companies (Disney, Twentieth Century Fox) before launching her own company. She says her time in business school helped her develop the quantitative and qualitative analytical skills she needed to study movie-going data.

But What About My Loans?

If you attended a two-year MBA program at a top business school and took out student loans in order to do so, chances are you’re looking at around $80,000 to over $100,000 in student loan debt.

This doesn’t mean your hard-earned degree isn’t worth it, financially speaking. Debt for B-School grads who attended Harvard, Stanford, or the University of Chicago ranges from $86,000 to $116,000; their average salary is about $161,000. That said, even with a hefty salary, grads’ loans may be overwhelming.

There are strategies that may make your monthly payments more manageable. First, once you know your income, you might spend some time making a new budget that factors your loan payments into your expenses. You might consider setting up automatic payments, which could ease your stress—and keep you from missing a payment.

And refinancing your student loans at a lower interest rate may help lessen the amount of interest you pay over time, potentially saving you money in the long haul. (Keep in mind that if you have federal loans, refinancing means losing access to benefits like student loan forgiveness, especially if you choose to work in the public sector.)

Regardless of the path you choose, your MBA likely played a large part in getting you there. And with a better handle on your student loans, you’ll likely have more energy and time to devote to making it count.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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If you get a job with a governmental agency or not-for-profit organization and you have federal student loan debt, you may be able to receive loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program.

Currently, if you qualify for this program, and make 120 payments under a qualifying repayment plan while working full time for an employer that falls within PSLF parameters, then the government will forgive the remaining balance of your Direct Loans.

List of Public Service Jobs

You may be asking: What is a public service job? What type of job would qualify me for PSLF?
According to the office of Federal Student Aid, the answer to those questions is that qualifying public service employment is not about your specific role, it’s about who employs you. Their list of public service organizations includes:

•  government organizations at any level (federal, state, local, or tribal)

•  not-for-profit organizations that are tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code

•  other types of not-for-profit organizations that are not tax-exempt under Section

•  501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, if their primary purpose is to provide certain types of qualifying public services

•  serving as a full-time AmeriCorps or Peace Corps volunteer

Bullet point three mentions jobs that have a primary purpose of providing “certain types of qualifying public services.” To have the potential to qualify for the PSLF program under this option, you’d need to work for an employer that has at least one of the following as a primary purpose:

•  Emergency management

•  Military service

•  Public safety

•  Law enforcement (this includes “organizations that are publicly funded and whose principal purposes include crime prevention, control or reduction of crime, or the enforcement of criminal law”)

•  Public interest law services (this refers to “legal services provided by an organization that is funded in whole or in part by a local, state, federal, or tribal government”)

•  Early childhood education (this includes “licensed or regulated child care, Head Start, and state funded pre-kindergarten”)

•  Public service for individuals with disabilities

•  Public service for the elderly

•  Public health (this includes “organizations that employ nurses, nurse practitioners, nurses in a clinical setting, and full-time professionals engaged in health care practitioner occupations and health support occupations, as such terms are defined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics”)

•  Public education (this includes “services that provide educational enrichment or support directly to students or their families in a school or a school-like setting”)

•  Public library services

•  Other school-based services

There are a few types of employers whose employees do not qualify for PSLF. They are:

•  Labor unions

•  Partisan political organizations

•  For-profit organizations, including for-profit government contractors

•  Not-for-profit organizations that:

◦  Are not tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code

◦  Do not provide a qualifying public service as their primary function

You can also use a tool provided by StudentLoans.gov to see if you potentially qualify for forgiveness under the PSLF program.

Why You Might Choose the Public Service Path

Working in public service can feel wonderful, knowing that you’re helping to make your community a better place.

Although you can accomplish that by working a for-profit job and also volunteering for a cause that matters, when you work in one of the public service jobs, this is what you’re doing as your vocation, full time—and you can still choose to volunteer for causes you care about on the side.

Pros and Cons of the PSLF Program

While there are advantages to going the public service route and potentially qualifying for PSLF, it is not a guarantee that you will qualify and that it will be worth it in the long run.

The main advantage to PSLF is that after a set time, the balance of your Direct Loans could be forgiven. And the forgiven amounts in this program aren’t typically considered income, which would mean you wouldn’t be taxed on the forgiven amount—that isn’t true of all of the loan forgiveness programs.

You may also pay less on your federal loans each month because you must use an income-driven repayment plan to be eligible to receive PSLF, and that can help with cash flow.

However, as we mentioned above, you may qualify only if you work for certain types of employers. And to take advantage of PSLF, you’ll need to work full-time for a qualifying employer for 10 years and make 120 qualifying payments—and make sure, every year (or if you switch employers), you submit an Employment Certification Form. You also may need to jump through additional hoops to qualify; PSLF is not awarded automatically.

It’s also worth considering that if you work for a for-profit employer, you might make more money than you would at a public service job, which could allow you to pay off your student loan debt more quickly. If you aggressively paid off your student loans in fewer than 10 years, it’s possible that you could pay less in interest than if you made 120 payments under this forgiveness program.

And, if you enroll in the program but then stop working for a qualifying employer, you could end up with a larger outstanding balance because of accumulated interest from the income-driven repayment plan (more loan payments means more interest payments).

A New York Times article, published in May 2018 (“Public Servants Do Get Student Loan Forgiveness. Meet One of the First.”) includes stories from people who struggled to first qualify for the program, and then to get “coherent status updates.”

One doctor mentioned in the article handed her paperwork off to her mother, an attorney, and neither of them could navigate the process successfully. Another person who is struggling to glean the benefits of the program is an attorney who actually works for the Department of Education, which administers the program.

Another challenge is that the PSLF program focuses only on federal student loans so, if you also have private ones, they aren’t eligible for PSLF, even if you work in one of the qualifying public service jobs. Getting loan forgiveness for private loans is highly unlikely, although you may be able to talk to your private lender to obtain more temporary relief measures, such as loan deferment or forbearance if necessary.

In fact, the only times when loan forgiveness seems to happen with private loans is typically under exceptionally dire circumstances, such as if the borrower becomes completely disabled or dies. Even then, there isn’t a formal process for forgiveness.

What to Do If PSLF Isn’t Right for You

So, what do you do if you don’t qualify for PSLF or if you have private loans? One option is to refinance your student loan debt. If you have a good credit history and solid income potential (among other important financial factors), then you might qualify for a lower interest rate, which can reduce the amount of money you’d pay over the life of the loan.

Some lenders, like SoFi, will consolidate federal and private student loans, and then refinance them into one loan. This means that your new lender would pay off all of your old loans, and then, based on terms you agree to, issue a brand new loan to you.

If you refinance your federal loans with a private lender, you would then lose the potential for any federal benefits, including PSLF and income-driven repayment plans, so it’s important to do your homework first: consider your short-term and long-term needs; make sure you’re getting the lowest rate possible; ensure that the lender has the loan programs (fixed/variable) and terms you need; check to see if you’ll have to pay any fees; see what benefits you can gain with your new lender; and find out if the lender you’re considering will first do a soft credit pull before you apply (so you can see what rates you qualify for) that won’t have the potential to affect your credit rating.

Student Loan Refinancing with SoFi

It’s important to remember that you should review all federal repayment options first before refinancing with a private lender. If you do choose to refinance with a private lender, consider SoFi.

At SoFi, you can consolidate federal student loans with private ones, refinancing them into one convenient loan. Plus, there are no hidden fees. And SoFi offers member discounts and career counseling, among other potential benefits. You can use SoFi’s student loan refinancing calculator for an estimate of how much you might save.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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