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College is more expensive than ever, making it more important for college students to determine ahead of time whether their degree is worth the cost. Math degrees are often worth the cost as they allow alumni to pursue many lucrative careers.

Math majors can be mathematicians, but they can also pursue analytical professions. Many of those career paths lead to high-paying jobs, but some pay more than others. Salaries depend in large part on the type of math degree you have and the career path you choose.

What Is a Degree in Math?

A degree in math is one that students earn by studying various mathematical disciplines, such as algebra, calculus, statistics, set theory, and stochastics. Math majors might also study applied mathematics, which is more theoretical in nature.

Those who earn math degrees develop the analytical skills necessary to solve real-world problems. The problem-solving skills that math students learn is one of the reasons they do well in fields beyond mathematics itself.

There are many types of math degrees that can lead to an even greater number of career paths. This has led to a slate of fast-growing fields for math program graduates, some of which make a math degree well worth it.

What Kinds of Math Degrees Are There?

Students who want to pursue a math degree have options throughout the post-secondary education system, ranging from associate’s degrees to doctoral degrees.

Associate Degree in Math

An associate degree in math is one that students can often complete in two years or less. These degrees are often earned at community colleges and usually require about 60 credit hours.

Associate degrees in mathematics are a great way for math majors to start their academic journey. Those who earn associate degrees in math often enroll in four-year colleges; credit hours from associate degree programs can be transferable to four-year math degree programs.

Bachelor’s Degree in Math

A bachelor’s degree in math is an undergraduate degree that provides training in both applied and core mathematics. These are generally four-year degrees requiring 120 credit hours.

Students will be expected to analyze and solve problems, construct mathematical solutions, and apply mathematical solutions to real-world problems. Students can pay for these degrees with undergraduate loans.

Master’s Degree in Math

A master’s degree in math is a graduate-level degree that may offer more specialized training in mathematics. These degrees usually take about two years to complete and prepare you for a career in either a teaching position or an industry job.

It may involve basic courses in real analysis and linear algebra. Later, you may complete fundamental courses such as probability, scientific computing, and differential equations. Students can pay for these degrees with graduate loans.

Doctoral Degree in Math

A doctoral degree in mathematics is typically a Ph.D. program that takes five to six years to complete. There might also be graduate school requirements that students must complete, plus a residency.

The curriculum for a doctoral degree might involve courses in the areas of algebra, analysis, and topology. There are also exams, a dissertation, and a thesis to complete.

Are Finance and Math Degrees the Same?

Math and finance degrees are both analytical in nature, and both math and finance majors are likely to engage in quantitative analysis as a part of their professions. Despite the overlap in skills, though, the two degrees are not the same.

Both math and finance majors might enroll in introductory mathematics courses, such as calculus I. But beyond the basic courses, the two majors usually diverge. Math majors will learn more complex mathematical theory, while finance majors’ curricula will be more focused on business.

What Jobs Can You Get With a Mathematics Degree?

One of the best things about mathematics degrees is the number of career paths that may follow. Mathematics majors can be math teachers or mathematicians, but they can also have several other types of roles.

Computer and Information Research Scientists

Computer and information research scientists find ways to use new and existing technology. They study and solve complex problems in business, science, medicine, and other fields.

Physicists

Physicists study the interactions of matter and energy. They might design and perform experiments with sophisticated equipment such as particle accelerators, lasers, or electron microscopes.

Actuaries

Actuaries analyze the financial costs of risk and uncertainty. This makes them essential to the insurance industry. They use mathematics, financial theory, and statistics to assess the risk of potential events.

Mathematicians and Statisticians

Mathematicians and statisticians analyze data, applying computational methods to solve practical problems in the areas of business, engineering, science, and other fields. They develop mathematical or statistical models to analyze data.

Mathematics College Professors

Mathematics college professors teach courses around mathematical concepts, statistics, and actuarial science. They also teach courses on the application of mathematical techniques in solving specific problems.

Mathematics High School Teachers

Mathematics high school teachers plan and teach math lessons to students in secondary education. Their primary responsibilities include grading assignments and quizzes and tracking students’ progress.

What Is the Average Salary if You Have a Math Degree?

Math occupations had a median annual wage of $98,680 in May 2021, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, some math majors earn more than others.

For example, actuaries have a median pay of $105,900, while mathematicians and statisticians have a median of $96,280. Not only that, but actuaries also need just a bachelor’s degree for entry-level positions, while mathematicians and statisticians need at least a master’s degree.

Ways to Pay for a Math Degree

Much like other types of degrees, there are multiple ways to pay for a math degree. That includes financial aid, merit-based scholarships, 529 plans, and more.

Financial Aid

Financial aid is one of the most common ways to pay for college. Grants vs. scholarships vs. loans are three large umbrellas of federal financial aid. Grants and scholarships are both considered gift aid which students are typically not required to repay. Federal student loans do require repayment.

Federal student loans have many benefits for borrowers, such as income-based repayment (IBR) plans and public student loan forgiveness (PSLF). To apply for financial aid, students will need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) yearly.

Merit-Based Scholarships and Grants

There are thousands of scholarships and grants that may be available to students pursuing a math degree. These scholarships range from amounts of just a few dollars up to covering the entire cost of college.

One of the biggest benefits of scholarships and grants is that unlike student loans, they usually don’t have to be repaid. While “merit-based” often refers to academic merit, it can be based on other criteria, such as athletics or leadership.

With so many scholarships available, you may want to leverage a combination of resources to find relevant opportunities. For example, you contact your school’s financial aid office and check with federal and state agencies. The U.S. Department of Labor also has a scholarship search tool available.

529 Plans

529 plans are college savings plans sponsored by a state or state agency. These plans are investment accounts that offer tax benefits and can cover qualifying education expenses such as tuition and textbooks.

529 plans are often opened by parents to save for their children’s future college education, but anyone 18 and over can open an account. You can even open an account for yourself and still take advantage of the tax benefits they offer.

Personal Savings

Personal savings is always an option when paying for your math degree. While it isn’t “free money” like a scholarship or grant, personal savings can help in some situations.

For example, certain expenses don’t qualify for the tax benefits of a 529 plan, such as entrance exams and test prep. You might decide to use your personal savings for non-qualified expenses and reserve your 529 for qualified expenses.

Private Student Loan

Private student loans are available from private financial institutions. You can qualify as long as you meet certain requirements, such as being enrolled in an eligible school and meeting credit and income criteria. Private student loans may offer lower interest rates for qualifying borrowers than federal student loans but may also lack some of the protections that federal student loans offer.

The Takeaway

Math degrees remain an excellent choice for anyone starting college as they are highly valued in sectors such as finance and tech, in addition to mathematics. Those pursuing a math degree can earn degrees ranging from associate degrees up to doctoral degrees.

However, college is expensive and most of us need help covering the costs. SoFi private student loans are one option. There are rate discounts, a six-month grace period, and absolutely no fees. You can even repay your student loans using rewards points.

FAQ

What can you do with a mathematics degree?

Math degrees allow people to pursue careers not only as mathematicians and teachers but also as actuaries, physicists, and computer scientists.

What are degrees in math?

Math degrees allow students to study and apply concepts learned in mathematical disciplines such as algebra, calculus, and statistics. In doing so, students learn analytical skills they can apply in solving real-world problems.

How can I pay for a math degree?

There are many ways to pay for a math degree, including scholarships and grants, federal and private student loans, and 529 plans.

Photo credit: iStock/bob_bosewell
SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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There is no one right path to take in life and that includes how someone decides to pursue an education after high school. Attending a four year university isn’t necessarily the best option for some and they may want to consider other options that can help them prepare for a fruitful career.

Let’s examine how trade school vs community college works for prospective students considering those options.

What Is Community College?

Community colleges serve their local community by offering affordable higher education options that can either lead to transferring to a four year university, obtaining an Associate of Arts (AA) or Associate of Science (AS) degree, learning a trade, or finding personal fulfillment by taking a class or two for fun.

Students may also choose to attend community college before transferring to a university to pursue a Bachelor of Science (BS) or Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree because doing so can save them a lot of money on tuition by transferring course credits from their community college to a university.

How It Works

Students who attend community college can choose from a wide variety of classes to take. Some may focus on academic courses so they can earn lower division credits that can transfer to a four year university. Others may decide to pursue technical certificates that prepare them for specific career paths. Or a student can take a mix of both styles of classes. One major benefit of community college is that the classes are affordable, so students can test out different areas of interest.

What You Learn and How You Learn It

What a student learns and how they learn it at a community college depends on the types of classes they choose to take. For example, a student pursuing lower division credits that transfer to a university may take a math or English class in a traditional classroom setting that involves lectures, homework, and exams. A student pursuing a career as an auto mechanic would instead take classes that combine lectures and homework with hands-on learning opportunities in an auto mechanic workshop setting.

What Is Trade School?

Trade schools are a type of school that students can attend if they are interested in focused training programs that can prepare them for a specific skilled trade or industry. Students work towards developing technical abilities such as operating, building, fixing, and maintaining mechanical systems.

Some examples of careers that can follow trade school include:

•   Welder

•   Construction worker

•   Auto mechanic

•   HVAC technician

•   Blacksmith

•   Electrician

It’s worth noting that some community colleges offer training in similar subjects to trade schools.

How It Works

Some trade schools focus on a specific training program, such as plumbing, whereas other trade schools may offer multiple training programs like HVAC and welding training. Even if a trade school offers multiple areas of study, they generally don’t overlap and each program has its own curriculum and teachers.

What You Learn and How You Learn It

At trade schools, students learn specialized trade skills that prepare them for mechanical careers, such as working as a construction worker or blacksmith. This type of education requires attending lectures and studying course materials, but also more hands-on demonstrations and training.

Trade School vs Community College

To better understand how a trade school vs. community college works, it helps to understand the similarities and differences of these two options.

Similarities

When it comes to trade schools vs. community colleges, these are some of the similarities these two types of schools can have.

•   Learning environment. Because community colleges offer similar courses to trade schools, both take a hybrid approach when it comes to trade subjects like HVAC repair. Students tend to learn these skills in both a classroom and workshop setting.

•   Timeframe. While some community college degrees can take as long as two years to earn (such as with an AA), the technical training programs at a community college are still more in line with how long it takes to graduate from a trade or technical school (usually a year) whereas a university takes four years to complete.

Differences

Of course, there are also some community college vs. trade school differences worth being aware of.

•   Course options. Even though community colleges do offer trade courses, they also offer academic courses — with instruction taking place entirely in a classroom — with the aim of helping students transfer to a four year university.

•   Cost. Usually, trade schools cost more to attend than a community college. Though, this may vary based on factors like the type and length of the program.

Pros and Cons of Trade School

Now let’s examine the pros and cons of attending trade school.

Pros and Cons of Community College

Before attending community college, some students may want to consider the benefits and disadvantages of doing so.

Choosing for Yourself

After comparing the trade school vs community college pros and cons, prospective students can make a decision about which path forward seems like the best fit for them based on their personal and professional goals, financial situation, and lifestyle. Thinking about what career they want to pursue and which education option can prepare them for that career is a great place to start.

The Takeaway

Again — there is no one right education path to pursue. While some may be set on earning a Bachelor’s degree and may find that community college is a great stepping stone for them, others may feel that a trade school can adequately prepare them for the career of their choice. In some cases, community college can prepare a student to further their academic career or to work in a trade, but trade schools also offer specialized training programs that some prospective students may find appealing.

Community college students may be able to qualify for federal student aid to help them pay for their education. Students who face funding gaps, might consider private student loans. Though, keep in mind these loans don’t offer the same protections as federal student loans.

If private student loans seem like a fit for your financial situation, consider SoFi. While SoFi’s private student loans aren’t available to community college students, they could be an option for those transferring to a four year program.

3 Student Loan Tips

1.    Can’t cover your school bills? If you’ve exhausted all federal aid options, private student loans can fill gaps in need, up to the school’s cost of attendance, which includes tuition, books, housing, meals, transportation, and personal expenses.

2.    Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA® form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too. You can submit it as early as Oct. 1.

3.    Would-be borrowers will want to understand the different types of student loans peppering the landscape: private student loans, federal Direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans, Direct PLUS loans, and more.

Private student loans from SoFi loans have zero-fees and qualifying borrowers can secure competitive interest rates.

FAQ

Do community college or trade school graduates make more?

Because community college and trade schools both offer degrees and certificates that lead to mechanical jobs, graduates of both types of schools stand to earn the same income. Some students who pursue a higher education after community college, such as a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctorate degree can have increased earning potential.

Which trades that you learn at trade school pay the best?

There are many trades that pay well, but a few of the best paying trade jobs include working as a transportation, storage and distribution manager (median annual salary of $98,230), an elevator/escalator installer and repairer (median annual salary of $97,860), and a nuclear power reactor operator (median annual salary of $94,970).

Is trade school or community college cheaper?

When it comes to the cost of community college vs trade school, generally community college costs less to attend on an annual basis ($3,800 per year for tuition and fees) than trade school ($5,000 to $15,000 for three to 18 months), but students may need to attend community college longer than trade school, which can make the costs rise.

Photo credit: iStock/andresr
SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Knowing what your discretionary income is (and how to calculate it) can help you make decisions about how to best repay your federal student loans. The U.S. Department of Education calculates discretionary income as your adjusted gross income in excess of a protected amount.

The “protected amount” is typically a percentage of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size. The Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan, for example, defines discretionary income as any adjusted gross income you have above 225% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size.

When it comes to individuals who are considering repaying federal student loans with the SAVE Plan or the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan, discretionary income can be a major factor in how much they’ll owe each month. That’s because the federal government typically uses a borrower’s discretionary income to determine their monthly payments.

Below we’ll discuss different IDR plans and the ins and outs of discretionary income, so you can figure out a repayment strategy that works for you and your budget.

What Is Discretionary Income?

As mentioned above, the Department of Education calculates discretionary income as your adjusted gross income in excess of a protected amount defined by a federal IDR plan.

Discretionary income under the SAVE Plan, for example, is any adjusted gross income you have above 225% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size. You’ll have a $0 monthly payment under the SAVE Plan if your annual income doesn’t exceed the protected amount of $32,805 for a single borrower and $67,500 for a family of four in 2023.

If you don’t qualify for a $0 monthly payment on the SAVE Plan, your monthly payment beginning in July 2024 is set at 5% of discretionary income for undergraduate loans, 10% for graduate loans, and a weighted average if you have both.

Discretionary income as defined by the Education Department is different from disposable income, which is the amount of money you have available to spend or save after your income taxes have been deducted.

How Is Discretionary Income Calculated?

Here’s how federal student loan servicers may calculate your discretionary income:

•   Discretionary income under the SAVE Plan is generally calculated by subtracting 225% of the federal poverty guideline from your adjusted gross income (AGI).

•   Discretionary income under the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan is generally calculated by subtracting 150% of the federal poverty guideline from your AGI.

If you’re filing jointly or you have dependents, that will impact your discretionary income calculations. For married couples filing together, your combined AGI is used when calculating discretionary income. Under an income-driven plan, filing with a spouse can drive up your income-driven monthly payments because of your combined AGI.

So, let’s say you’re in a one-person household and have a 2023 AGI of $40,000. If you are considering the SAVE Plan, you would subtract 225% of the 2023 poverty guideline ($32,805), to get an official discretionary income of $7,195. Monthly, that is a discretionary income of about $600, and your monthly payment beginning in July 2024 is set at 5% of discretionary income for undergraduate loans, 10% for graduate loans, and a weighted average if you have both.

Borrowers are generally expected to make required loan payments when due. The 2023 debt ceiling bill officially ended the three-year Covid-19 forbearance, requiring federal student loan interest accrual to resume on Sept. 1, 2023, and payments to resume in October 2023.

💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

What Income-Driven Repayment Plan are You Eligible For?

There are now two federal IDR plans that have different eligibility criteria and terms. (There are two others that are no longer accepting new enrollments.) These income-driven repayment plans can reduce monthly payments for people with incomes below a certain threshold.

It should be noted that federal IDR plans don’t apply to private student loans. They’re only an option for federal student loans.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans for Federal Student Loans

The federal Department of Education offers the following IDR options for eligible federal student loan borrowers:

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan

All IDR plans generally use discretionary income to determine monthly payments. So, if there is a change in a borrower’s income or family size, their monthly payment could increase or decrease, depending on the change. Borrowers enrolled in an income-driven repayment plan are typically required to recertify their income and family size each year.

The SAVE ICR plan is open to anyone with eligible federal loans. Under this repayment plan, the amount owed each month is always tied to a borrower’s discretionary income. This could mean that if an individual’s income increases over time, they may end up paying more each month than they would under the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan.

For the IBR plan, eligibility is determined based on income and family size. As a general rule, to qualify, borrowers must not pay more under IBR than they would under the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan. Under this plan, the amount owed each month will never exceed what a borrower would owe under the Standard Repayment Plan.

The PAYE and Income-Contingent plans stopped accepting new enrollments in July 2024.

Pros and Cons of Income-Driven Repayment Plans

IDR plans come with trade-offs. While they can lower your monthly payment and help free up your cash flow now, they may extend the life of your loan. The standard student loan payoff plan is based on a 10-year repayment timeline. An income-driven repayment plan can extend your payment timeline to up to 25 years.

This means you’ll be paying off the loan longer and possibly paying more in interest over time. If you stay on an income-driven repayment plan, the government might forgive any remaining balance after 20 or 25 years of payments — or as little as 10 years for SAVE Plan enrollees with original principal balances of less than $12,000. But the amount that is forgiven may be taxed as income.

How Does Discretionary Income Affect Student Loan Payments?

Income-driven repayment plans generally use your discretionary income to dictate the amount you’re required to repay each month. In the case of borrowers enrolled in the SAVE Plan, any required payments beginning in July 2024 are set at 5% of discretionary income for undergraduate loans, 10% for graduate loans, and a weighted average if you have both.

Recommended: How Is Income Based Repayment Calculated?

How Else Can Borrowers Lower Their Student Loan Payment?

Another potential way for borrowers to reduce their student loan payment is by refinancing student loans. When you refinance your student loans, you take out a new loan with new terms from a private lender. The new loan is used to pay off your existing student loans.

Depending on your financial profile, refinancing could result in a lower interest rate or a lower monthly payment depending on which terms you choose. You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Refinancing federal student loans with a private lender also forfeits your access to federal IDR plans, Public Service Loan Forgiveness, and Teacher Loan Forgiveness.

💡 Quick Tip: When rates are low, refinancing student loans could make a lot of sense. How much could you save? Find out using our student loan refi calculator.

The Takeaway

The government uses discretionary income to calculate your federal student loan monthly payments under a qualifying IDR plan. The SAVE Plan may not provide the lowest monthly payment for eligible borrowers with high salaries.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.