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While college rankings matter, it can be a good idea to take them with a grain of salt, and to view them through a lens of what matters most to you about the college experience and what you’re hoping to get out of it.

Colleges and universities each have different strengths and weaknesses, and published rankings can help you learn which schools are the strongest in different areas, and whether or not a college has improved or lapsed behind other schools in recent years.

Rankings may also allow you to filter schools by selected academic and non-academic characteristics, and help you hone in on schools that may meet your specific needs.

That said, rankings aren’t everything. Even U.S. News & World Report says on its best-colleges website: “The rankings provide a good starting point for students trying to compare schools. … The best school for each student, experts say, is one that will most completely meet his or her needs, which go beyond academics.”

Here’s what you need to know about college rankings.

What Are the College Rankings?

There is no single, ultimate, college ranking. All over the world, there are entities using a wide array of criteria to appraise universities and determine which ones are “the best.”

The factors an organization or company will use to come up with their college rankings can vary, which is why you might see a school ranked #3 on one list and #9 on another. However, here are some factors list-makers will commonly consider when ranking schools:

•  Student-faculty ratio

•  Class sizes

•  First year retention rates

•  Graduation rates

•  Post-graduation employment statistics

•  Student debt after graduation

•  Acceptance rates

•  ACT and SAT scores

•  Endowment size

•  Academic reputation

•  Faculty salaries

Though college rankings typically consider a large amount of information, they won’t tell you everything you need to know about a college. As a result, you may want to use rankings as one of many factors to make your list of prospective colleges. Ideally, you want to find a school that matches your interests, needs, goals, and budget.


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What Really Matters

Although many groups rank colleges, the term “college rankings” commonly refers to the U.S. News & World Report list, which rewards graduation rates and reputation.

But there’s also The Princeton Review, which drills down on other factors like quality of life, extracurriculars, social scene, and town life. They even rank “party schools,” a list “based on student ratings concerning the use of alcohol and drugs at their school, the number of hours they study each day outside of class time, and the popularity of fraternities/sororities at their school.”

As you look at different college rankings, you’ll want to keep your own priorities in mind, whether that’s finding the best school for your chosen field, honing in on schools that have the smallest class sizes, or finding a school that is known for being a good value.

You may want to use college rankings in combination with a number of other resources, including college guide books and talking to friends and family that have gone (or currently go) to schools that interest you. College tours can also provide a wealth of information about a school.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

The Bottom-Line Question

No discussion of college would be complete without touching on what you can afford to spend. Is going to college worth it? The answer depends on how much your chosen college will cost, how much aid you will get, how much you will need to borrow, and what you plan to do with your degree.

To get a sense of what a college will cost you out-of-pocket, a good first step is to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which considers eligibility for grants, federal student loans, and work-study programs. But even after scholarships, federal aid, and any college savings plans, many students come up short when all education expenses are tallied.

At that point, you may want to consider private student loans. These are available from private lenders, such as banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Rates and terms will vary depending on the lender, so it can be well worthwhile to shop around. Borrowers (or cosigners) with excellent credit tend to qualify for the lowest rates. Just keep in mind that private student loans don’t necessarily offer the same protections, like income-driven repayment plans, that come with federal student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIS0723043

When college freshmen step foot on campus, they may go to an activity fair and see members of sororities and fraternities encouraging recruits to join. They might want to know that becoming part of Greek life can have its upsides and downsides.

Whether or not students decide to let their Greek flag fly depends on their personality, their specific situation, and their goals while they are in school. Some may find Greek life incredibly enriching, and others could decide it’s a waste of their time.

Here’s a look at what Greek life is like and pros and cons you may want to consider when deciding if joining a fraternity or sorority is right for you.

What Is Greek Life in College?

Greek life is made up of communities of students who live together, volunteer for different organizations, pursue networking opportunities, and much more. The communities consist of sororities for women and fraternities for men.

Sororities and fraternities may have various objectives, but overall they exist so that students can make meaningful connections with one another, develop leadership skills, and give back.

Roughly 15% of men join fraternities at U.S. colleges, while about 18% of women join sororities.

Students who are interested in becoming members must apply and then go through an initiation process. Once accepted, they will live with their sorority or fraternity, usually in a house on campus, and participate in activities like sports, dances, parties, and community service opportunities.

Sorority and fraternity names consist of two or three Greek letters, like Phi Kappa Theta, Sigma Pi, or Delta Zeta, a nod to the first U.S. Greek letter society, Phi Beta Kappa, founded in 1776 at the College of William and Mary as a literary, debating, and social club.

Many students only know about sororities and fraternities from pop culture references like “Revenge of the Nerds,” “Animal House,” “Legally Blonde,” and “Old School,” which depict a perennial party.

While that is certainly true in some instances — and fraternities have come under fire for their alcohol use and hazing rituals — Greek life can be much more meaningful and beneficial than these portrayals.


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Upsides of Greek Life

Joining a fraternity or sorority comes with a number of advantages. Here’s a look at some of the perks.

Friends

When new students first get to college, they may not know where to turn to make connections. If they become part of a sorority or fraternity, they could make many new friends right away, bond with them through different activities and social events, and remain friends for life.

Networking Opportunities

Students will also have the chance to network with their new peers. When they’re searching for internships or jobs, these connections can prove to be highly valuable.

Plus, if a job hunter lists their sorority or fraternity on a resume and a recruiter is a Greek life alumnus, that could open up a conversation and make a candidate stand out.

Recommended: 3 Summer Jobs Ideas for College Students

Possibly Cheaper Housing

Living in college dorms can be pricey. If students are sharing a house with many members of a sorority or fraternity, they could potentially save money.

They may also save money by having access to a full kitchen, where they can make meals instead of purchasing a meal plan or eating at restaurants all the time.

Recommended: 20 Ways to Save Money in College

Development of Leadership Skills

Sororities and fraternities need leaders who will come up with ideas for activities, pilot volunteering efforts, and recruit members.

If members step up and decide they want to become leaders, then they are taking on new responsibilities and developing crucial skills that will be valuable when they graduate from college and start to look for jobs.

Volunteering Opportunities

Fraternities and sororities are often focused on philanthropy.

Students can participate in different volunteer projects with their fellow Greek life members and contribute to making the world a better place.

Not to mention, this will look good on a resume because it shows that a student is passionate about certain causes and wants to do their part to improve the lives of others.

Recommended: College Freshman Checklist for the Upcoming School Year

Potential Downsides of Greek Life

Like a toga, Greek life isn’t a good look for everyone. Here are some possible cons.

Cost

You typically need to pay membership dues each year you are a member of a fraternity or sorority. The cost varies depending on the school and fraternity/sorority you join but, on average, you can expect to pay around $2,000 to $3,0000 for the first year.

Local and national chapter fees are not always covered in the regular monthly dues.

And if fraternities or sororities get into trouble, members could be fined as well.

Recommended: What Is the Cost of Attendance in College?

Reputation

Fraternities and sororities have gotten a bad rap from movies and TV.

Worse, students have died in hazing accidents throughout the years, leading colleges to take administrative action against fraternities especially.

Some fraternities and sororities do emphasize parties and drinking, which is all fun and games until someone begins to flunk out, becomes addicted, is involved in an assault, or is injured.

It’s best, of course, to socialize responsibly and always make academic studies the priority.

Time Commitment

Because Greek life involves so many events, and members are expected to participate, joining a sorority or fraternity means a huge time commitment.

Spending too much time on Greek life activities and not enough on studying or working at internships could have a negative impact on a student’s future.

Recommended: College Planning Guide for High School Students

Determining Whether or Not to Join Greek Life

Joining a fraternity or a sorority can be a great decision, especially for freshmen who may not know anyone on campus. If they are a part of Greek life, then they will stay busy, make friends, network, and contribute.

On the flipside, if they are in a campus family that is constantly throwing parties and not interested in enriching members’ lives in a meaningful way, then joining might not be a good idea.

If you’re concerned about being able to afford the cost of joining a fraternity or sorority, keep in mind that there are a number of ways to cover the cost of college tuition and living expenses, including grants, scholarships, subsidized and unsubsidized federal student loans, and private student loans.


💡 Quick Tip: It’s a good idea to understand the pros and cons of private student loans and federal student loans before committing to them.

The Takeaway

A sorority or fraternity can provide camaraderie and enduring connections, and enhance a call for service and leadership. It can also be time consuming, expensive, and distracting. Greek life isn’t for everyone, but some will find it a life-changing college choice.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOIS0723039

Declaring a major in college is a big decision, but the choices don’t stop there. Once students know their area of study, then comes the selection of courses. And, generally, you can’t just sign up for classes willy-nilly. Students typically need to start at one point before they can progress to another. This is where upper and lower division courses come into play.

Like levels in a video game, students have to start with beginner lessons before they can take on advanced challenges. Here’s a closer look at what lower division and upper division courses are and how they differ.

Types of Courses Students Can Take

When signing up for their first semester of classes, college students might notice that there are many more offerings than they had in high school.

In addition, core classes are different, and requirements will vary based on a student’s course of study.

While a college student can take everything from astronomy to architecture, here’s how courses are typically designated:

•   Lower division
•   Upper division
•   Major courses
•   Minor courses
•   General education courses

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Degree Requirements

Every college major will have different courses, electives, and requirements that are necessary for graduating.

In addition to core requirements, students might need to take general education courses. These courses are required for all students, no matter their area of study. (Some will “CLEP out of” some or all gen ed courses. The College-Level Examination Program® offers 34 exams that cover intro-level college course material. Others might pass AP or International Baccalaureate exams to get college credit.)

Students won’t get to graduate just by taking classes for four years. They’ll need to meet the requirements of the major (and minor, if applicable) they’ve selected.

Each course has a number of credits, and students usually will need to accumulate a number of credits to qualify for their degree.

Degree requirements will vary based on what a student studies, but each will come with a mix of lower division and upper division courses to round out the educational experience.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Start Preparing For College

What Is a Lower Division Course?

Lower division courses are the building blocks of an undergraduate’s major. College beginners might have restrictions in the courses they can enroll in.

Unless they bring in AP, IB, or college credits, they’ll need to take (and pass) lower division courses in their major before being able to sign up for upper division courses.

In general, here’s what student can expect in lower division classes :

•   Introductory material Typically, lower division courses teach the building blocks of concepts that students will use more down the line. For example, a biology major might start the course requirements with a lower division Introduction to Biology lecture before moving on to more challenging material.
•   Younger students Generally, students will find more freshmen and sophomores in their lower division courses.
•   A larger class Depending on the size of the school, lower division classes are often larger because they may cover a broad swath of material that applies to multiple majors and areas of study. A lower division class might even have more than one section a semester because so many students need to take it. In these larger lectures, participation might be limited, and attendance might not even count toward a grade.
•   A stricter structure Students might find that lower division courses vary by the book (or syllabus). Each class, a professor covers exactly what was detailed in the syllabus — nothing more, nothing less. Similarly, test questions might come straight out of lecture notes or assigned readings. Often this is done to ensure that students know the basics by heart before moving on to more challenging courses in their major.
•   Evaluation by test Due in part to their larger class sizes and structure, students can often expect multiple-choice tests in lower division courses.

Of course, every college’s policies on classes are different, but for the most part, students can expect to take lower division courses as they begin their academic career.

Lower division courses may be required by a major or minor, or they might be a general education course all students are asked to take.

Recommended: Community College vs College: Pros and Cons

What Is an Upper Division Course?

If lower division courses are the foundation an education is built on, upper division courses are the structure on top.

Lower division courses sometimes count as prerequisites for upper division classes. That means an undergraduate must take, and pass, a lower division class before enrolling in an upper division course.

Here’s what a student might experience in an upper division course:

•   In-depth curriculum Upper division classes are a deeper dive into areas of study or more complex topics. Once students master a lower division class, they’ll be challenged with harder concepts in an upper division class. Upper division classes are more likely to have words like “advanced” in the title.
•   Older students Third- and fourth-year students are more likely to be in these courses, typically because they’ve taken the prerequisites.
•   Smaller classes Whereas lower division classes may be large lectures, upper division classes start to get smaller, in part because the curriculum is more specialized. The deeper a student gets into a major, the more in-depth classes become.
•   A fluid structure Upper division courses likely have a syllabus and required reading, but the day-to-day structure of the class may be less lecture-focused. In fact, some classes are seminars where students are encouraged to contribute ideas in a discussion format, often resulting in a participation grade.
•   Varied evaluations Depending on the class focus, testing may look different than that of a lower division course. Students may be asked to write in-depth research papers or create large presentations to show their learning. If tests are in use, they might rely less on multiple-choice questions.

Since upper division courses include more complex teachings, professors might expect students to show what they’ve learned in a more complex way. That might mean essays to prove an argument, or demonstration of critical thinking skills that don’t rely purely on lecture notes or readings.

Recommended: The Ultimate Guide to Studying in College

Numbering Systems for Division Courses

A simple way to tell if a class is a lower or upper division course is using a school’s numbering system for classes.

Most college courses will have a three- to five-digit number. The number is unique to the course, and can help students know what they’re getting into before they sign up in terms of difficulty.

While numerical systems will change from college to college, they might follow these general formulas:

•   1-199 At UCLA , for example, all undergraduate courses are assigned a number between 1 and 199. Any class with a number between 1 and 99 is a lower division course, and any class with a number between 100 and 199 is an upper division class.
•   100-499 Other schools, like the University of Arizona , might start the numbering higher. All lower division classes are numbered from 100 to 299. Anything 300 to 399 is an upper division course. The University of Massachusetts uses a similar system, where every 100 is a different year of school (100s are for freshmen, 200s for sophomores, etc.)

The numerical system for a college course probably won’t help students compare classes across different universities, but it can be a useful guide in plotting academic schedules within one school and major.


💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too. You can submit it as early as Oct. 1.

Finding a Way to Pay

Figuring out how to pay for college can feel like an upper division course in and of itself. After completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), you may find that you are eligible for grants, scholarships, and subsidized or unsubsidized student loans. However, you may still fall short of all the funding you need.

That’s where private student loans can come in. These loans are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Rates and terms will vary depending on the lender. Some students may need a cosigner to qualify for private student loans due to a lack of credit history and income.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOIS0723038

While applying to college, students and parents may consider a variety of factors before enrolling. Those factors could include a school’s academic programs, location, sports programs, tuition, and potential financial aid.

But there is one more thing families may want to think about: A college or university’s endowment. Not familiar with the term?

Here’s helpful information about university endowments, how they work, how they are managed, which schools have the largest ones, and how those university endowments could potentially benefit students.

What Is an Endowment?

A university endowment refers to the amount of money a college or university receives via donations from its alumni or other interested parties. This money is then invested by the academic institution to help grow its savings and to provide funding for the future.

Some schools can have endowments well into the billions made up of potentially hundreds or thousands of individual gifts.


💡 Quick Tip: When shopping for a private student loan lender, look for benefits that help lower your monthly payment.

Types of Endowments

Not every university uses the same endowment system. Typically, a university has one of four types of endowments. Those include unrestricted endowments as well as term, quasi, and restricted endowments.

An unrestricted endowment means the university may choose to spend or distribute the donations it receives however it wishes. With a restricted endowment, the academic institution must hold the principal of the invested donation in perpetuity.

The earnings from the invested assets can be used, but only at the donor’s specifications at the time of giving. For example, if a donor gives a $25,000 donation specifically earmarked for a scholarship, any principal earnings must be used on the scholarship.

A term endowment means a university can use the principal after a period of time has passed or if a specific event occurs, while a quasi-endowment generally allows academic institutions to use both the principal as well as income at their discretion from the donation.

Recommended: Finding Free Money for College

How Does University Endowment Giving Work?

If a person wants to donate to their alma mater, or just give to the academic institution of their choice, they can do so at any time. With a standard donation, however, the donor typically does not have much, if any, control over how the funds are spent.

So, if a person does want control, they may prefer to give via endowment. Colleges and universities typically set a minimum when it comes to endowment gifts, and those minimums can be quite hefty.

For example, Michigan State University’s law program endowments begin at $50,000. Other universities set different minimum funding levels for different types of endowments.

At the University of Illinois, a person can give $25,000 for a named scholarship that provides financial support for a student or student’s tuition and fees. A donor could even provide the university with $5 million for a named deanship, which will be used for unrestricted support for the department at the discretion of the Dean.

Recommended: How to Pay for College With No Money Saved

Who Manages a University Endowment?

Every school decides how to best manage its own endowment. Some colleges and universities hire internal staff to manage their endowments while others hire outside firms and professional investors to oversee the money.

There may be an endowment manager or a committee or team that works to manage the funds. They will generally work with the university to decide its goals for the endowment, such as making as much income as quickly as possible, or going for more long term sustainable growth. Then, decisions about how and where to invest the money are made to help the endowment meet its goals.


💡 Quick Tip: Need a private student loan to cover your school bills? Because approval for a private student loan is based on creditworthiness, a cosigner may help a student get loan approval and a lower rate

Which Universities Have the Largest Endowments?

According to US News and World Report, Harvard University in Massachusetts has the largest endowment at around $53 billion. Yale University in Connecticut comes in a distant second with roughly $42 billion, and Stanford University comes in third with $32.8 billion.

Princeton University in New Jersey comes in at number four with $37 billion and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Massachusetts rounds out the top five with $27.4 billion.

University of Pennsylvania, Texas A&M University, University of Michigan—Ann Arbor, University of Notre Dame, and Washington University in St. Louis, make up the remaining top 10 with endowments ranging from $13.7 to $20.5 billion.

However, these schools can be considered major outliers on the endowment scale. In 2022, the National Association of College and University Business Officers analyzed 678 university endowments and found the average fund balance was $1.2 million.

Recommended: 11 Strategies for Paying for College and Other Expenses

How Are University Endowments Used and Why do They Matter?

University endowments can be used for a variety of financial needs including hiring new professors, building new buildings or upgrading new ones, and can even be used for fellowships or scholarships.

Many schools also use their endowments to distribute financial aid. Beyond these uses, endowments also allow colleges and universities to look ahead into the future. It helps schools plan for faculty hiring, help to stave off tuition increases, plan for new facilities, and more.

Recommended: What Is the Average Cost of College Tuition in 2023?

Taking Advantage of Endowments

While students will never have direct access to a college or university’s endowment, they could still reap the benefits of any and all donations. Those benefits could come in the form of having access to newer facilities and equipment, through research opportunities, or via learning from the highest skilled professors.

Of course, students can also take advantage of a university’s endowment by applying for specific scholarships funded by donors, or by applying for any and all available financial aid to help them pay for college.

However, sometimes, financial aid and scholarships can fail to stack up against the growing cost of tuition. And that’s where a private student loan could come in to help fill the gaps.

Private student loans are usually available via a bank or another private lender or financial institution. Different lenders will offer different terms, so students will likely want to shop around for one that fits their specific needs.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOIS0723040

A pass/fail grading system allows a student to receive either a grade of “P” (pass) or “F” (fail) for a particular class instead of the usual letter grading system. Many colleges offer this option in order to encourage students to explore new academic areas without having to worry about it affecting their transcripts.

However, the pass/fail grading system comes with some limitations, including restrictions on which and how many classes you can take pass/fail each year. And, in some cases, taking a class pass/fail can still have an impact on your academic record.

Read on to learn exactly what pass/fail means, what a passing (and failing) grade is, and when to consider a pass/fail option.

How Pass/Fail Grading Works

The traditional grading system was initially established centuries ago by English universities like Oxford and Cambridge as a way of encouraging students to work harder. While letter grades may still be the dominant system in American universities, some schools have deviated from this structure, establishing their own ways of evaluating students largely based on the pass/fail system.

Reed College in Portland, Oregon has a unique style of grading that encourages students to “focus on learning, not on grades.” While students are still assigned grades for each course, these grades are not distributed to students. Instead, students are given lengthy comments and reports on their academic performance. Reed does not have a dean’s list or honor roll either.

At Brown University students can take an unlimited number of classes “satisfactory/no credit (S/NC),” and GPAs are not calculated. They also do not name student’s to a Dean’s list.

Some schools, including Swarthmore College and MIT, have students take all classes pass/fail in the first semester of their freshman years. Swarthmore’s policy is meant to encourage students to stretch themselves and take risks, and is aligned with their policy of collaboration as opposed to competition with classmates, while MIT’s policy is designed to help students adjust to increased workloads and variations in academic preparation and teaching methods.

In both cases, taking the emphasis off grades is meant to improve students’ experiences of higher education, helping them to take full advantage of their time on campus.

Of course, most schools emphasize letter grades more than Brown and Reed, as it allows them to distinguish high achievers and highlight specific areas where students excel or may need to improve.

It’s common, however, for colleges to allow students to take one class pass/fail per semester. Typically, this is only offered for elective (not core) classes. Often, a grade of “P” is equal to a grade of D- or higher, but has no impact on the student’s overall grade point average. A grade of “F,” however, will usually have the same effect on the grade point average as a traditional failure.


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What Are The Benefits of Pass/Fail?

While college can be a rewarding and stimulating time for students, it also has its challenges, including constant pressure to keep up your grades. The beauty of taking a class pass/fail is the sense of freedom it gives you — once the stress of getting a perfect grade is removed, you are at liberty to fully embrace the kind of intellectual curiosity that should be at the heart of a college experience.

Maybe you’re a pre-med student and want to take a painting class, or perhaps you’re majoring in sociology and want to dabble in art history. These options can lead you down unexpected paths, opening creative doors you might have avoided if you were solely focusing on your GPA.

Recommended: How Grades Affect Your Student Loans

The Limits to Pass/Fail

The pass/fail system also has some potential downsides. One is that should you end up doing really well in the class, you generally can’t change your mind and ask to take the class for a grade rather than pass/fail. By the same token, if you do poorly in a class, you can’t make a belated request for a pass/fail.

In addition, pass/fail grades generally don’t count toward a major or minor, which limits your options when deciding whether or not to go this route.

While it’s hard to know for sure, some students feel that taking a higher number of pass/fail classes could reflect poorly on their college academic record and be a strike against them when applying for a job or to graduate school. However, it’s also possible that a potential employer or an admissions officer might be impressed by a student’s breadth of study and sense of initiative in studying “outside the box.”


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The Takeaway

Taking a few of your classes pass/fail can be a great way to explore new academic areas of interest during college, and is unlikely to adversely impact your post-grad opportunities, including summer internships, employment, and graduate school.

While employers and graduate school admissions officers generally prefer to see quality grades over pass/fail grades, they will typically review applications holistically, and grades are just one of many ways you can show your skills, knowledge, and leadership potential. Indeed, taking a few pass/fail classes that are outside your major can show intellectual curiosity.

Whether you take a class pass/fail or for a letter grade won’t have any impact on how many credits you get from the course — or the cost of tuition. If you’re concerned about how you’ll cover the cost of your education, keep in mind that you have a range of options — including savings, scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and federal or private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

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