A SWIFT code, a group of letters and numbers used globally to identify a bank account, is similar to a routing number, but they function differently.
Say you want to transfer money from your bank account to someone else’s: You’ll need to know some basic information about the recipient’s financial institution and their account. This ensures safe and accurate electronic transfers of funds. If you’re conducting a domestic transfer (that is, from one bank account in the United States to another), an ABA routing number will be required. If you are moving funds internationally (sending money to another country from the U.S. or vice-versa), a SWIFT code is typically required.
Key Points
• SWIFT codes and routing numbers are both used to transfer money, but they are not the same: SWIFT codes are used for international transfers, while routing numbers are used for domestic ones.
• SWIFT codes are alphanumeric and identify banks globally, while routing numbers are numeric and used within the U.S.
• The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, founded in 1973, oversees SWIFT codes
• The American Bankers Association, established in 1910, manages the use of routing numbers in the U.S.
• Incorrect SWIFT codes or routing numbers can cause transaction failures and potential fees, but in some cases may lead to deposits in the wrong account.
Understanding SWIFT Codes
To send money internationally, you’ll usually need a SWIFT code. Learn more about how this string of letters and numbers usually works.
What Is a Swift Code?
The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) is a network that allows banks and other financial institutions to electronically communicate with each other securely, across borders. A key part of that involves a SWIFT code, also called a BIC (Business Identifier Code), which identifies a specific bank, with information about the country, location, and, if applicable, branch.
Purpose and Usage of SWIFT Codes
SWIFT codes identify specific details of a bank to ensure international payments are going to the right bank. These codes are comprised of eight to 11 alphanumeric characters:
• The first four characters are letters and represent the name of the bank.
• The next two characters, also letters, indicate the country the bank is located in.
• The next (and sometimes final) two characters can be letters or numbers and indicate where the bank’s main office is located.
• In instances where the bank is large enough to have branches in multiple countries, cities, or regions, there may be a three-digit branch code at the end of the SWIFT code.
If you’re sending an international wire transfer from the United States, you’ll usually need to know the recipient’s SWIFT code. There are a number of countries that do not participate in SWIFT, but generally speaking, SWIFT is the global standard for international payments.
Recommended: Guide to International Bank Account Numbers (IBANs)
Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.
No account or overdraft fees. No minimum balance.
Up to 4.00% APY on savings balances.
Up to 2-day-early paycheck.
Up to $2M of additional FDIC insurance.
Understanding Routing Number
To send money domestically in the United States, you’ll usually need a routing number. Here’s important information about what these series of digits are and how they function.
What Is a Routing Number?
A routing number is a nine-digit code composed of numbers that are used to identify banks and credit unions within the United States during domestic transfers.
These codes have been around for more than a century. The American Bankers Association (ABA) started to link routing numbers to financial institutions in 1910 as a unique identifier.
Purpose and Usage of Routing Numbers
Like a SWIFT code, a routing number helps direct money transfers to the right financial institution. You’ll also need the recipient’s bank account number to successfully move the funds.
You might think of the routing number like a street name for your bank account (Main or Church Street, say), but your bank account number is the actual numeric portion of your address (to continue the analogy, this would specifically identify a house), to ensure money goes to the right “home” on that “street.”
(It’s worth noting that Canada also uses routing numbers, but not ABA routing numbers. Instead, Canada’s eight- or nine-digit routing numbers include a three-digit institution number and a five-digit transit number, and possibly a zero.)
ACH transfers and wire transfers require knowing the recipient’s bank account and routing number. And you’ll frequently need to know your own routing number for several common transactions, such as:
• Online bill and tax payments
• Payment app setup
There are some ways to send money to another person in the United States without needing to know their routing number. For instance, you can write and mail a check, you can send a money order, and you can use a peer-to-peer (P2P) transfer app to send money to someone in the U.S. without needing to know their routing number.
Differences Between SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers
While they serve a similar purpose in electronic funds transfers, there are some key differences when comparing SWIFT codes vs. routing numbers.
Domestic vs. International Transactions
In the U.S., you’ll use routing numbers for domestic transfers. For international transactions, you’ll need to know the recipient’s SWIFT code. U.S. banks typically have a SWIFT code for such situations that is specific to each branch. (Some smaller banks and credit unions may not, however, have SWIFT codes.)
Code Structure and Format
Routing numbers are nine characters, all digits. SWIFT codes are alphanumeric and are typically between eight and 11 characters long.
Issuing Authorities
The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications oversees SWIFT codes and was founded in 1973. The American Bankers Association manages routing numbers in the U.S. and was established much earlier — in 1910.
Recommended: How to Send Money to Someone Without a Bank Account
When To Use SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers
If you are wiring money internationally, you’ll need to know a recipient’s SWIFT code. (There are a number of countries that do not use SWIFT codes, in which case you’ll need to find an alternate way to identify their bank during an electronic transfer or move money using another method.) Similarly, if someone is wiring money from another country to you in the U.S., you’ll need to provide them with your bank’s SWIFT code.
If you’re transferring money to someone else domestically in the United States, you’ll instead need to know their bank’s routing number. You’ll also need your own routing number when transferring funds, as well as setting up direct deposit, online payments, and other forms of digital transfers and payments.
Locating SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers
You can typically find your SWIFT code on a bank statement or on your bank’s website or app. Call customer service for your bank if you’re unable to locate it.
Your routing number is also easy to find online or via mobile app when you log into your account. The routing number is also printed on your paper checks. Typically, it is the first set of numbers at the lower left corner of a check.
The Takeaway
SWIFT codes and routing numbers serve the same basic purpose of helping to identify banks when transferring money electronically, but they are used for different kinds of transfers. Domestic transfers in the U.S. rely on routing numbers while international transfers typically need SWIFT codes.
Are you in need of a bank account to begin sending and receiving money? See what SoFi offers.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
FAQ
Can a SWIFT code be used for domestic transactions?
In the U.S., SWIFT codes are not used for domestic transactions. Instead, you’ll need to know your bank account number and routing number, as well as the bank account and routing number of the person to whom you are wiring money. Or, if someone is transferring funds to you, they will need your identifying information, including your bank account number and routing number.
Are SWIFT codes and routing numbers interchangeable?
When considering SWIFT codes vs. routing numbers, it’s important to recognize that they are not interchangeable. They’re issued by different authorities, have a different number of characters, and are used for different purposes. While similar, routing numbers are for domestic transfers, and SWIFT codes are for international transfers.
What happens if I use the wrong SWIFT code or routing number?
If you use the wrong SWIFT code or routing number for a wire transfer, the transaction will typically fail, and the payment will be returned to you. In some cases, you might have to pay a fee (including if you resubmit the transaction), and it’s possible money could be routed to the wrong account. For this reason, it’s important to verify that you have the correct SWIFT or routing number when transferring funds.
Photo credit: iStock/jjlim80
SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
SOBNK-Q324-073