SoFi

Has this happened to you? You’re thinking about getting a personal loan but haven’t yet applied. Then you get a letter in the mail: “You’re preapproved or prequalified for a personal loan!” What does that mean?

Some lenders use “prequalified” interchangeably with “preapproved,” but they are different. Here, we’ll discuss the distinction, and how to know if you’re a good candidate for a personal loan.

What Does Being Prequalified for a Loan Mean?

Prequalification is sometimes considered the first step in the loan approval process. You can think of it as a less comprehensive version of a preapproval. Prequalification simply means that you fit the general description of a customer typically qualified for a loan.

Based on your general profile, the lender can give you an idea of the size of loan you can qualify for. While prequalification can be done fairly quickly, it does not involve a full analysis of your credit report or verification of the financial information you provide. Because of that, there’s no guarantee that your loan will be approved.

Recommended: What Is a Personal Loan?

What Does Loan Preapproval Mean?

Preapproval is a more in-depth stage of the personal loan approval process. A lender will have accessed your financial history to assess you as a potential customer. Being preapproved means that, based on the information accessed, you most likely will be approved for a loan.

Preapproval allows the lender to show you the size of the loan you might qualify for, and the interest rate and loan terms they’re willing to offer. It’s a step closer to final approval of your loan application. However, this doesn’t automatically translate to being fully approved. For example, a hard credit inquiry can pull in information previously unseen by the lender that was not considered at the preapproval stage.

Does Prequalification or Preapproval Affect Your Credit Score?

Lenders typically prequalify you on the basis of financial information that you provide and perhaps a soft inquiry into your credit history. Soft inquiries don’t affect your credit score, so it’s unlikely that prequalification will either.

Because the prequalification process varies by lender, however, it’s impossible to say for sure that prequalification won’t impact your credit. If it does, the impact will be small and temporary.

Preapprovals are more rigorous than prequalifications, and closer to what you’ll experience when you actually apply for a loan. Preapprovals often involve a hard credit inquiry, which does impact your credit. Again, any effect will be minor.

Recommended: Should You Borrow Money During a Recession?

How Do I Know If I’m a Good Candidate for a Personal Loan?

A personal loan application considers your existing debt and your ability to repay the loan. Your current employment will factor into how well-suited you are to repay the loan, as will your credit score. In most cases, this means you need a good credit score to qualify for an unsecured personal loan at a low interest rate.

Lenders will also consider your “DTI” — the ratio of your income to existing debt — and what kind of monthly payments you can afford.

If you can’t otherwise qualify because of a poor credit score, consider asking a close friend or family member to cosign your personal loan. Adding a cosigner with a good credit score to your application can help you get a lower interest rate on your loan.

Will You Prequalify for a SoFi Personal Loan?

Some nontraditional lenders, like SoFi, look at other parts of a financial package when evaluating a candidate’s personal loan application.

SoFi considers additional factors such as your earning potential and cash flow after expenses. This means that even if you have a shorter credit history (because you just graduated college, for example) you may still qualify for a personal loan based on your education and career.

To find out if you qualify for a SoFi personal loan, first go through the online prequalification process. This requires you to create an account, and input your basic personal information, education, and employment history. It takes only a few minutes, after which SoFi will immediately show you which loan options you prequalify for.

After selecting a preliminary personal loan option, you’ll have to finalize your application by uploading documentation to verify your personal information. This may include pay stubs and bank statements. Once you’re approved, the loan is typically disbursed within a week.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPL0123004

Maybe you’ve spent a serious amount of time watching HGTV and now have visions of turning your kitchen into a chef’s paradise. Or perhaps you have an entire Pinterest board full of super-deep soaking tubs that you’re dreaming about.

Either way, the home improvement bug has bitten you, and you’re hardly alone. In the U.S. $538 billion was spent on home improvement in 2021, and that number is expected to hit $625 billion by 2025. For a bit more context, consider that the average American spent almost $8,500 on home improvement projects in 2022. That’s a lot more than just buying a new bathroom sink.

While your home might be begging for some updates and improvements, not all of us have close to $10,000 stashed away in a savings account. For many people, realizing their home improvement goals means borrowing money. But how exactly?

Read on to learn about some of your options. This guide will cover:

•   What’s the difference between home equity loans, HELOCs, and home improvement loans?

•   In which situations do home equity loans, HELOCs, and home improvement loans work best?

•   Which home improvement loan option is right for you?

What’s the Difference Between Home Equity Loans, HELOCs, and Home Improvement Loans?

If you’ve figured out how much a home renovation will cost and now need to fund the project, the options can sound a bit confusing because they all involve the word “home.”

What’s more, you may hear the term “home equity loan” loosely applied to any funds borrowed to do home improvement work. However, there are actually different kinds of home equity loans to know about, plus one that doesn’t involve home equity at all.

So, before digging into home improvement loans vs. home improvement loans vs. HELOCs, consider the basics for each:

•   A home equity loan is a lump-sum payment that a lender gives you using the equity in your home to secure the loan. These loans often have a higher limit, lower interest rate, and longer repayment term than a home improvement loan.

•   A home equity line of credit, or HELOC, is a revolving line of credit that is backed by your equity in your home. It operates similarly to a credit card in that the amount you access is not set, though you will have a limit on how much you can access.

•   A home improvement loan is a kind of lump-sum personal loan, and it is not backed by the equity you have in your home. It may have a higher interest rate and shorter repayment terms than a home equity loan. What’s more, it may have a lower limit, making it well suited for smaller projects.

Worth noting: If you use your home as collateral to borrow funds, you could lose your property if you don’t make payments on time. That’s a significant risk to your financial security and one to take seriously.

Next, here’s a look at how key loan features line up for these options.

How Much Can I Borrow?

The sky isn’t the limit when borrowing funds. This is how much you will likely be able to access:

•   For a home equity loan, you can typically borrow between 80% and 85% of your home’s value, minus what’s owed on your mortgage. So if your home’s value is $300,000, 80% of that is $240,000. If you have a mortgage for $200,000, then $240,000 minus $200,000 leaves you with a potential loan of $40,000.

•   For a HELOC, you can typically access up to 80% of the equity you have in your home, though some lenders may go even higher. In that case, you are likely to pay a higher interest rate. In the scenario above, with a home valued at $300,000 and a mortgage of $200,000, that means you have $100,000 equity in your home. A loan for 80% of $100,000 would be $80,000. As with other lines of credit, your credit score and employment history will likely factor into the approval decision.

•   For a home improvement loan, the amount you can borrow will depend on a variety of factors, including your credit score, but the typical range is between $3,000 and $50,000 or sometimes even more.

What Can the Funds Be Used for?

Interestingly, some of these funds can be used for purposes other than home improvement costs. Here’s how they stack up:

•   For a home equity loan, you can certainly use the funds for an amazing new kitchen with a professional-grade range, but you can also use the money for, say, debt consolidation or college tuition.

•   For a HELOC, as with a home equity loan, you can use the money as you see fit. Redoing your patio? Sure. But you can also apply the cash to open a business, pay for grad school, or knock out credit card debt.

•   For a home improvement loan, there is often the requirement that you use the funds for, as the name suggests, a home improvement project, such as adding a hot tub to your property. In some cases, you may be able to use the funds for non-home purposes. Your lender can tell you more.

Recommended: How to Find a Contractor for Home Renovations & Remodeling

How Will I Receive the Funds? How Long Will It Take to Get the Money?

Consider the different ways and timing you may encounter when getting money from these loan options:

•   With a home equity loan, you receive a lump sum payment of the funds borrowed. The timeline for getting your funds can take anywhere from two weeks to two months, depending on a variety of factors, including the lender’s pace.

•   With a HELOC, you open a line of credit, similar to a credit card. For what is known as the draw period (typically 10 years), you can withdraw funds via a special credit card or checkbook up to your limit. It typically takes between two and six weeks to get funds, but some lenders may be faster.

•   With a home improvement personal loan, you receive a lump sum of cash. These tend to be the quickest way to get cash: It may only take a day or so after approval to have the funds available.

How Much Interest Will I Pay?

How much you pay to access funds for your project will vary. Take a closer look:

•   For a home equity loan, you typically get a lower interest rate than some other loan types, since you are using your home equity as collateral. These are typically fixed-rate loans, so you’ll know how much you are paying every month. At the start of 2023, the average rate of a fixed, 15-year home equity loan was 5.82%.

•   For a HELOC, the line of credit will typically have a rate that varies with the prime rate, though some lenders offer fixed-rate options. HELOCs may have lower interest rates than personal and home equity loans, but you will need a high credit score to snag the lowest possible rate.

•   For home improvement loans, which are a kind of personal loan, rates vary widely. Currently, you might find anything from 6% to 36% depending on the lender and your qualifications, such as your credit score. These loans are typically fixed rate.

How Long Will I Have to Repay the Funds?

Repayment terms differ among these three options:

•   For home equity loans, you will agree to a term with your lender. Terms typically range from five to 20 years, but 30 years may be available as well.

•   With a HELOC, you usually have a draw period of 10 years, during which you may pay interest only. Then, you may no longer withdraw funds, and move into the principal-plus-interest repayment period, which is often 20 years.

•   With a home improvement personal loan, your repayment terms are typically shorter than with the other options and will vary with the lender. You may find terms of anywhere from one to seven years or possibly longer.

Here’s how these features compare in chart form:

Which Home Improvement Loan Option Is Better?

Now that you’ve learned about the features of these loan options, here’s some guidance on which one is likely to be best for your needs.

When Home Equity Loans Make Sense

Here are some scenarios in which a home equity loan may be a good choice:

•   If you have significant home equity and are looking to borrow a large amount, a home equity loan could be the right move to access a lump sum of cash.

•   If you want to have a long repayment period, the possibility of a 30-year term could be a good fit.

•   When you are seeking to keep costs as low as possible. These loans may offer lower interest rates.

•   A home equity loan can be a wise move when you need cash for other purposes, such as debt consolidation or educational expenses.

•   Some interest payments may be tax-deductible, depending on how you use the funds, which could be a benefit of this kind of loan.

When HELOCs Make Sense

A HELOC may be your best bet in the following situations:

•   You aren’t sure how much money you need and like the flexibility of a line of credit.

•   You want to keep your payments as low as possible in the near future. HELOCs can usually be an interest-only loan during the first 10-year draw period of the arrangement.

•   A HELOC can be a good fit for people who are doing a renovation in stages, and want to draw funds as needed versus all upfront.

•   You need cash for something other than just home renovation, such as to pay down credit card debt or fund tuition.

•   Depending on what you put the money towards, interest payments may be tax-deductible to a degree.

When Home Improvement Personal Loans Make Sense

Consider these upsides:

•   These personal loans tend to have a straightforward, fast application process, and often have fewer fees, such as no origination fees.

•   Home improvement loans are usually approved more quickly than other kinds of home loans.

•   These loans can be a good way to borrow a small sum, such as $3,000 or $5,000 for a project you need to complete quickly (say, a bathroom without a functional shower).

•   Home improvement loans can be a good option for new homeowners, who haven’t yet built up much equity in their home but need funds for renovation.

•   For those who are uncomfortable using their home as collateral, this kind of loan can be a smart move.

The Takeaway

Home improvement is a popular pursuit and can not only make daily life more enjoyable, it can boost the value of what is likely your biggest asset. If you are ready to take on a renovation, you’ll have options in terms of how to access funds; depending on your needs and personal situation, you might prefer a home equity loan, a home equity line of credit (HELOC), or a home improvement personal loan.

SoFi can help with two of these: If you’ve decided that a personal loan could be the right move for you, SoFi’s home improvement loans are fee-free, range from $5K to $100K, and you may be able to get same-day funding.

SoFi also offers a home equity line of credit or HELOC with low interest rates, the flexibility to use the amount you need, and you can borrow up to 95% or $500K of your home’s equity.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

SOHL1222005

Graduate school can be expensive and students who graduate with a master’s degree carry an average debt of $71,287, according to the Education Data Initiative. There are numerous ways to finance your advanced degree (even ways without taking out loans), and investing in graduate education is frequently worth it; the right degree has the potential for a massive return on investment.

The complicated part is determining what options are available to you and figuring out how to hack your way through grad school with the smallest bill. If you’re considering going to grad school, we’ve laid out some key financing options. Read on to learn how to formulate a plan to pay for your graduate education.

Ways to Pay for Grad School Without Taking on Debt

Things like filling out the FAFSA, applying for scholarships and grants, or working for an employer who offers tuition reimbursement while you are going to school can all help you lower your tuition bill during grad school. Continue reading for even more strategies to pay for grad school without taking on debt.

Fill Out The FAFSA

If you received financial aid or federal student loans during undergrad, you’re probably familiar with the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, usually called by its friendlier name: the FAFSA®. The FAFSA is an application to determine what types of federal financial assistance you might qualify for.

Many students who are applying for grad school are considered “independent,” for FAFSA purposes. This means that even if your mom is supplementing your monthly groceries with weekly homemade lasagnas and you’re still using your parents’ password to binge watch Netflix, you may not need to include their financial information on your FAFSA application.

Your FAFSA will determine your eligibility for federal student loans, federal work-study, and federal grants. In addition, your college may use your FAFSA to determine your eligibility for aid from the school itself. Here’s a closer look at the federal options, excluding federal student loans which will be discussed in detail in a later section.

Federal Grants

Unlike student loans, federal grants do not need to be repaid. It may be possible to receive some grant funding to help you pay for graduate school. Filling out the FAFSA is the first step to determine whether you’re eligible. Federal grant programs include the Pell Grant, which is generally only available to undergraduate students who demonstrate exceptional financial need.

Recommended: What Are Pell Grants?

Another federal grant that may be available to graduate students is the TEACH grant, or Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education grant. This grant has relatively stringent requirements and is available for students pursuing a teaching career who are willing to fulfill a service obligation after graduating.

Federal Work-Study Program

Just like undergrad, you might be eligible for work-study jobs during grad school. Eligibility for work-study jobs is also based on your FAFSA. These jobs often pay you to work at your university for a set number of hours.
They can oftentimes be doubly beneficial because in addition to earning money, you can sometimes secure a work-study position that is relevant to your field of study. You usually have to go through an application process in order to secure a work-study job.

Work-study is a type of financial aid available to students who qualify based on their financial need. You can apply for the program when you fill out your FAFSA. If you qualify for work-study it will be part of your federal financial aid award.

Even if you receive your work-study award you may still have to find a job that qualifies. Many schools have online databases where you can look for and apply to jobs.

Typically, financial aid is awarded on a first-come, first served basis, so the earlier you file your FAFSA the better chance you’ll likely have of securing work-study as a part of your financial aid award.

Figuring out What Your University Can Offer You

After narrowing down your federal options, make sure to consider what university-specific funding might be available. Many schools offer their own grants, scholarships, and fellowships. Your school’s financial aid office likely has a specific program or contact person for graduate students who are applying for institutional assistance.

Many schools will use the FAFSA to determine what, if anything, the school can offer you, but some schools use their own applications.

Although another deadline is the last thing you need, seeking out and applying for school-specific aid can be one of the most successful ways to pay for grad school: Awards can range from a small grant to full tuition remission.

Employer Tuition Reimbursement

It might sound too good to be true, but some employers are happy to reimburse employees for a portion of their grad school costs. Employers that have tuition reimbursement plans set their own requirements and application process.

Make sure to consider any constraints your employer puts on their tuition reimbursement program, including things like staying at the company for a certain number of years after graduation or only funding certain types of degree programs.

If your employer doesn’t already have a program in place, don’t despair. It is almost always worth asking your company if they offer any benefits to employees pursuing a higher degree.

Some employers might offer professional development funding that can be used to help you pay for school or let you keep a more flexible work schedule to accommodate your classes.

Becoming an In-State Resident

If you’re applying for graduate school after taking a few years off to work, you might be surprised to find how costs have changed since your undergraduate days. Graduate students interested in a public university can save tens of thousands of dollars by considering a university in the state they already live in.

Each state has different requirements for determining residency, so if you are planning on relocating to attend grad school be sure to look into the requirements for the state the school you are planning to attend.

Certain states require only one year of full-time residency before you can qualify for in-state tuition, while others require three years. During that time, you could work as much as possible to save money for graduate school. More savings could mean fewer loans.

Becoming an Resident Advisor (RA)

You probably remember your undergrad Resident Advisor (RA). They were the ones who helped you get settled into your dorm room, showed you how to get to the nearest dining hall and yelled at you for breaking quiet hours.

RAs may be under-appreciated, but they’re often compensated handsomely for their duties. Students are typically compensated for a portion or all of their room and board. Some schools even include a meal plan and sometimes even reduced tuition or a stipend. The compensation you receive will depend on the school you are attending, so check with your residential life office to see what the current RA salary is at your school.

While there are plenty of perks to being an RA, don’t underestimate the responsibility that comes with the position. It can be a time-intensive position, requiring round-the-clock supervision.

Still, the perks of being an RA may be measured in saving money each year. By having a free place to live and a free meal plan, you could save more and eat a diet that doesn’t just consist of ramen and stale pizza. RAs rarely have to share a room, so you’ll also have more privacy than you would in an apartment with roommates.

Because RAs receive so many benefits, competition for the job can be fierce and selective. Polish your resume and hone your interview skills before applying. The difference between working as an RA and having to take out loans for rent could affect your life for years to come.

Finding a Teaching Assistant Position

If you’re a graduate student, you can often find a position as a Teaching Assistant (TA) or Research Assistant (RA) for a professor. The position will be related to your undergrad or graduate studies and often requires grading papers, conducting research, organizing labs, or prepping for class. You probably had several TAs during your undergraduate classes and didn’t even realize they were students too.

TAs can be paid with a stipend or through reduced tuition depending on which school you attend. Not only can the job help you to potentially avoid student loans, but it also gives you networking experience with people in your field.

The professor you work with can recommend you for a job, bring you to conferences, and serve as a reference.
Being a TA may help boost your resume, especially if you apply for a Ph.D. program or want to be a professor someday. According to PayScale.com, the average TA earns around $13 an hour, as of September 2022.

Similarly to a job as an RA, securing a TA position can be competitive. Apply early and get to know the professors who will make the decisions.

Applying for Grants and Scholarships

Do you remember all those random essay contests and company scholarship applications your classmates fired off senior year of high school? Well, grad school is no different. There are private scholarships out there, you just need to find them.

Scholarship for the unusually tall? Check. Essay contest on automatic sprinkler systems? You betcha. In addition to the weird and wonderful one-off scholarships, there are industry-specific scholarships that are intended to help graduate students pursuing your specific field of study.

An easy way to search for scholarships is through one of the many websites that gather and tag scholarships by criteria. Keeping all your grad school and FAFSA materials handy means that you’ll have easy access to the information you’ll need for scholarship applications.

Recommended: Guide to Unclaimed Scholarships

As we mentioned at the top of this post, grad students have to submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) in order to potentially qualify for federal grants — just as undergrads do. Grants and scholarships are a great source of financing for graduate school because they don’t need to be repaid.

Grants are available from both the federal and state governments, as well as from the university itself (again, many universities use the FAFSA to determine their own institutional aid, so filling it out is essential). Some companies provide their own grants or scholarships, and many private organizations sponsor grants.

It never hurts to apply for a grant or scholarship, no matter how small it might seem. Think of it this way — every dollar received is one less dollar you need to borrow or earn.

Recommended: Scholarship Search Tool

How to Pay for Grad School With Student Loans

Grad students may rely on a combination of financing to pay for their education. Student loans are often a part of this plan. Like undergraduate loans, graduate students have both federal and private student loan options available to them.

Federal Loans for Graduate School

Depending on the loan type, payments on these student loans can be deferred until after graduation and sometimes qualify you for certain tax deductions (like taking a tax deduction for interest paid on your student loans).
There are different types of federal student loans, and each type has varying eligibility requirements and maximum borrowing amounts. Graduate students may be eligible for the following types of federal student loans:

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans. Eligibility for this loan type is not based on financial need.

•   Direct PLUS Loans. Eligibility for this loan type is not based on financial need. A credit check is required to qualify for this type of loan.

•   Direct Consolidation Loans. This is a type of loan that allows you to combine your existing federal loans into a single federal loan.

Federal Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

Federal student loan forgiveness programs either assist with monthly loan payments or can discharge a remaining federal student loan balance after a certain number of qualifying payments.

One such program is the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (or PSLF) program. The PSLF program allows qualifying federal student loan borrowers who work in certain public interest fields to discharge their loans after 120 monthly, on-time, qualifying payments.

Additionally, some employers offer loan repayment assistance to help with high monthly payments. While loan forgiveness programs don’t help you with the upfront cost of paying for grad school, they may offer a meaningful solution for federal student loan repayment. (Unfortunately, private student loans don’t qualify for these federal programs.)

Private Loans for Graduate School

If you’re not eligible for scholarships or grants, or you’ve maxed out how much you can borrow using federal student loans, you can apply for a private student loan to help cover the cost of grad school.

Private graduate school loan rates and terms will vary by lender, and some private loans have variable interest rates, which means they can fluctuate over time. Doing your research with any private lender you’re considering is worth it to ensure you know exactly what a loan with them would look like.

Make sure to consider several different types of private student loan lenders before you make your decision. Private student loans are one area where it pays to be a savvy shopper. You’ll want to consider origination fees, payment schedules, and interest rates.

Steps to Take Before Applying to Graduate School

Before applying to graduate school it’s important to consider things like the earning potential offered by the degree in comparison to the cost. At the end of the day, only you can decide if pursuing a specific graduate degree is worth it. Here are a few steps to take before applying to grad school.

1. Research Potential Earnings by Degree

Perhaps you are already committed to one degree path, like getting your JD to become a lawyer. In that case you should have a good idea of what the earning potential could be post-graduation.

If you’re considering a few different graduate degrees, weigh the cost of the degree in contrast to the earning potential for that career path. This could help you weigh which program offers the best return.

2. Complete the FAFSA

Regardless of the educational path you choose, filling out the FAFSA is a smart move. It’s completely free to fill out and you may qualify for aid including grants, work-study, or federal student loans. Federal loans have benefits and protections not offered to private loans, so they are generally prioritized over private loans.

3. Explore Financing Options

As mentioned, you may need to rely on a combination of financing options. When scholarships, grants, and federal student loans aren’t enough — private loans can help you fill in the gaps.

When comparing private lenders be sure to review the loan terms closely — including factors like the interest rate, whether the loan is fixed or variable, and any other fees. Review a lender’s customer service reputation and any other benefits they may offer too.

The Takeaway

Grad school is a big investment in your education, but the good news is there are grants and scholarships that you won’t have to pay back. Some employers may also offer tuition reimbursement benefits, or you could find work as a resident advisor or teaching assistant to supplement your tuition costs. If you need more funding to cover the cost, there are federal and private student loans.

Taking the time to find the best combination of loans and funding is crucial. Taking it one step at a time can help you to assess all the options available and make the best financial decision for you. If you’re interested in private student loans, consider SoFi. Interested applicants can easily apply online and SoFi private student loans have zero fees.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPS0722002

Home equity loans, home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), and cash-out refinances are all borrowing options that allow homeowners to access the equity they’ve built in their home. By tapping into home equity — the difference between a home’s current value and the amount still owed on the mortgage — homeowners can secure funds to meet other financial goals, such as making home improvements.

While these three types of loans do have similarities, there also are key differences in how each one works. Understanding the differences in a home equity loan vs. HELOC vs. cash-out refi can help you better determine which option is right for you.

Defining Home Equity Loans, HELOCs, and Cash-Out Refi

To start, it’s important to know the basic definitions of home equity loans, HELOCs, and cash-out refinances.

Home Equity Loan

A home equity loan allows a homeowner to borrow a lump sum that they’ll then repay over a set period of time in regular installments at a fixed interest rate. Generally, lenders will allow homeowners to borrow up to 75% to 90% of their home’s equity.

This loan is in addition to the existing mortgage, making it a second mortgage. As such, a borrower usually will make payments on this loan in addition to their monthly mortgage payments.

HELOC

A HELOC is a line of credit secured by the borrower’s home that they can access on an as-needed basis, up to the borrowing limit. The amount of the line of credit is determined by the mortgage lender and based on the amount of equity a homeowner has built, though it’s usually around 80% to 90% of the equity amount. Like a home equity loan, this is a second mortgage that a borrower assumes alongside their existing home loan.

How HELOCs work is somewhat like a credit card, in that it’s a revolving loan. For example, if a borrower is approved for a $30,000 home equity line of credit, they can access it when they want, for the amount they choose (though there may be a minimum draw requirement). The borrower is only charged interest on and responsible for repaying the amount they borrowed.

Another point that borrowers should keep in mind is that there is a draw period of 5 to 10 years, during which a borrower can access funds, and a repayment period of 10 to 20 years. During the draw period, the monthly payments can be relatively low because the borrower pays interest only. During the repayment period, on the other hand, the payments can increase significantly because both principal and interest have to be paid.

Cash-Out Refinance

A cash-out refinance is a form of mortgage refinancing that allows a borrower to refinance their current mortgage for more than what they currently owe in order to receive extra funds. With a cash-out refinance, the borrower’s current mortgage is replaced by an entirely new loan.

As an example, let’s say a borrower owns a home worth $200,000 and owes $100,000 on their mortgage at a high interest rate. They could refinance at a lower interest rate, while at the same time taking out a larger mortgage. For instance, they could refinance the mortgage at $130,000. In this case, $100,000 would replace the old mortgage, and the borrower would receive the remaining amount of $30,000 in cash.

Recommended: Home Buyer’s Guide

Home Equity Loans and HELOCs vs Cash-Out Refi

Here’s a look at how a home equity loan vs. HELOC vs. cash-out refinance stack up when it comes to everything from borrowing limit to interest rate to fees:

Borrowing Limit

With a home equity loan, lenders generally allow you to borrow up to 75% to 85% of a home’s equity. HELOCs allow borrowers to tap a similar amount, generally up to 85%. Cash-out refinances, on the other hand, have slightly lower borrowing limits, at up to 80% of a borrower’s equity.

Interest Rate

With a home equity line of credit, the interest rate is usually adjustable. This means the interest rate can rise, and if it does, the monthly payment can increase. Home equity loans, meanwhile, generally have a fixed interest rate, meaning the interest rate remains unchanged for the life of the loan. This allows for more predictable monthly payment amounts.

A cash-out refinance can have either a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. Homeowners who opt for an adjustable rate may be able to access more equity overall.

Type of Credit

Both home equity loans and cash-out refinances are installment loans, where you receive a lump sum that you’ll then pay back in regular installments. A HELOC, on the other hand, is a revolving line of credit. This allows borrowers to take out and pay back as much as they need at any given time during the draw period.

Fees

With a home equity loan, HELOC, or cash-out refinance, borrowers may pay closing costs. HELOC closing costs may be lower compared to a home equity loan, though borrowers may incur other costs periodically as well, such as annual fees, charges for inactivity, and early termination fees. Cash-out refinances may also have higher closing costs because the loan amount taken out is higher.

When It Might Make Sense to Borrow

A home equity loan vs. HELOC vs. cash-out refi have varying use cases. With a fixed interest rate, home equity loans can allow for predictable payments. Their lower interest rates can make them an option for borrowers who want to consolidate higher interest debt, such as credit card debt.

HELOCs, meanwhile, provide more flexibility as borrowers can take out only as much as they need, allowing borrowers to continually access funds over a period of time. A cash-out refinance can be a good option for a borrower who wants to receive a large lump sum of money, such as to pay off debt or finance a large home improvement project.

Which Option Is Better?

Like most things in the world of finance, the answer to whether a cash-out refinance vs. HELOC vs. home equity loan is better will depend on a borrower’s financial circumstances and unique needs.

In all cases, borrowers are borrowing against the equity they’ve built in their home, which comes with risks. If a borrower is unable to make payments on their HELOC or cash-out refinance or home equity loan, the consequence could be selling the home or even losing the home to foreclosure.

Scenarios Where Home Equity Loans Are Better

A home equity loan can be the right option in certain scenarios, including when:

•   You want fixed, regular second mortgage payments: A home equity loan generally will have a fixed interest rate, which can be helpful for budgeting as monthly payments will be more predictable. Some may appreciate this regularity for their second monthly mortgage payment.

•   You want to get a lump sum while keeping your existing mortgage intact: Unlike a HELOC, where you draw just as much as you need at any given time, a home equity loan gives you a lump sum all at once. Plus, unlike a cash-out refinance, you aren’t replacing your existing mortgage. That way, if the terms of your current mortgage are favorable, those can remain as is.

Recommended: The Different Types Of Home Equity Loans

Scenarios Where HELOCs Are Better

In the following situations, a HELOC may make sense:

•   You have shorter-term or specific needs: Because HELOCs generally have a variable interest rate, they can be useful for shorter-term needs or for situations where a borrower may want access to funds over a certain period of time, such as when completing a home renovation.

•   You want the option of interest-only payments: During the draw period, HELOC lenders often offer interest-only payment options. This can help keep costs lower until the repayment period, when you’ll need to make interest and principal payments. Plus, you’ll only make payments on the balance used.

Scenarios Where Cash-Out Refi Is Better

Cash-out refinances can make sense in these scenarios:

•   You need a large sum of money: If there’s a need for a large sum of money, or if the funds can be used as a tool to improve your financial situation on the whole, a cash-out refinance can make sense.

•   You can get a lower mortgage rate than you currently have: If refinancing can allow you to secure a lower interest rate than your current mortgage offers, then that could be a better option than taking on a second mortgage, as you would with a home equity loan or HELOC. If interest rates have risen since you first took out your loan, however, a cash-out refi could mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.

•   You want just one monthly payment: Because a cash-out refinance replaces your existing mortgage, you won’t be adding a second monthly mortgage payment to the mix. This means you’ll have only one monthly payment to stay on top of.

•   You have a lower credit score but still want to tap your home equity: In general, it’s easier to qualify for a cash-out refinance vs. HELOC or home equity loan since it’s replacing your primary mortgage.

The Takeaway

Cash-out refinancing, HELOCs, and home equity loans each have their place in a borrower’s toolbox. All three options give borrowers the ability to turn their home equity into cash, which can make it possible to achieve certain goals, consolidate debt, and improve their overall financial situation.

Homeowners interested in tapping into their home equity may consider getting a HELOC or taking a cash-out refinance with SoFi. Qualifying borrowers can secure competitive rates, and Mortgage Loan Officers are available to walk borrowers through the entire process.

FAQ

Can you take out a HELOC and cash-out refi?

If you qualify, it is possible to get both a HELOC and cash-out refinance. Qualified borrowers can use their cash-out refinance to help repay their HELOC.

Is it easier to qualify for a HELOC or cash-out refi?

It is generally easier to qualify for a cash-out refinance. This is because the cash-out refi assumes the place of the primary mortgage, whereas a HELOC is a second mortgage.

Can you borrow more with a HELOC or cash-out refi?

Ultimately, the amount you can borrow with either a cash-out refi or HELOC will depend on how much equity you have in your home. That being said, a HELOC can offer a slightly higher borrowing limit than a cash-out refi, at 85% of a home’s equity as opposed to a top limit of 80% for a cash-out refinance.

Are HELOCs or cash-out refi tax deductible?

Interest on your cash-out refinance or HELOC can be tax deductible so long as you use the funds for capital home improvements. This includes projects like remodeling and renovating.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOHL1222002

A construction loan sounds pretty straightforward. Historically, borrowers got them when building a new home on a plot of land. In recent years, more borrowers have been using construction loans for projects like an accessory dwelling unit (ADU), a tiny house on a foundation, garage-to-apartment conversion, or basement conversion. But there are complications with this kind of loan that people should be aware of.

We’ll take a look at construction loans, their requirements, and some alternatives to consider.

What Is a Construction Loan?

Construction loans finance the building of a new home or substantial renovations to a current home. They are typically short-term loans with higher interest rates, designed to cover the costs of land, plans, permits and fees, labor, materials, and closing costs. They also cover contingency reserves if construction goes over budget.

How Do Construction Loans Work?

When you buy a house, you can finance the purchase with a mortgage. But when you build a house, getting financing is trickier because there’s no collateral to guarantee the loan. Lenders generally don’t accept undeveloped land as collateral because it cannot be easily appraised and quickly sold.

With construction loans, applicants must submit project plans and schedules along with their financial information. Once approved, they receive funding for the first phase of building only. As construction progresses, assessments are provided to the lender so that the next round of funds can be released. Meanwhile, borrowers make interest-only payments on the funds they’ve received.

When construction is finished — and the borrower now has a home to serve as collateral — the construction loan may be converted to or paid off by a regular mortgage. The borrower then begins repaying both the principal and interest.

Recommended: What Is Revolving Credit?

What Does a Construction Loan Cover?

What construction loans cover varies based on the borrower’s needs. If necessary, these loans can cover the cost of the land, building labor and materials, permits, and a contingency cushion for unforeseen expenses.

Types of Construction Loans

Construction-to-Permanent Loan

Sometimes referred to as a single-close loan, this is a construction loan that converts to a mortgage once the project is finished. The borrower saves money on closing costs by eliminating a second loan closing.

Construction-Only Loan

Also called a standalone construction loan, this loan must be paid off when the building is complete. You will need to apply for a mortgage if you don’t have the cash to do so.

Having separate construction and mortgage loans allows homeowners to shop for the best terms available when applying for each loan. However, they will pay separate closing costs on each loan.

Renovation Construction Loan

This is specifically designed to cover the cost of substantial renovations on an existing home. The loan gets folded into the mortgage once the project is complete.

What Are the Requirements for a Construction Loan?

It’s typically harder to get a construction loan than it is to secure a mortgage. Some people even hire construction loan brokers to facilitate the process. Because your house or ADU isn’t built yet, as we mentioned above, there’s no collateral. And because there’s no collateral, lenders will want to see strong evidence that the home will be completed.

A loan that doesn’t require collateral is also known as an “unsecured loan.” You can learn more about the two types of loans in our guide to secured vs. unsecured loans.

With renovations, the lender wants to see that the project will add to the value of the home. To get an idea of the ROI on your renovation project, check out SoFi’s Home Project Value Estimator.

In order to get approved, you’ll have to show your potential lender an overview of your financial profile, with plenty of documentation. They’ll typically want to see a debt-to-income ratio of 45% or lower and a high credit score.

For new construction projects, they’ll also want you to be able to make a down payment of up to 30%. And for construction-only loans, they may want to know what your repayment plan is — that is, whether you will pay in cash or refinance when the project is complete.

In addition, the lender will want a detailed plan, budget, and schedule for the construction. Some lenders will also need to approve your builder. Because the project will depend on the builder’s ability to complete the construction to specifications, your builder’s reputation may be crucial to getting a construction loan approved.

Lenders typically need to see a builder’s work history, proof of insurance, blueprints, and specifications for the project, a materials list, and your signed construction contract.

What Are the Average Interest Rates and Terms?

Typically, construction loans have variable interest rates that rise and fall with the prime lending rate. They tend to be higher than conventional mortgage rates by about 1%.

The terms also vary. A construction-only loan is usually a short-term loan that must be converted or paid off in one year.

A construction-to-permanent loan will typically have a term of 15 to 30 years once it becomes a permanent mortgage. Again, though, the interest rate will usually be higher than a conventional loan because of the increased risk. The longer the term, the higher the rate tends to be.

Are There Alternatives to Construction Loans?

A lot of time and effort may go into securing a construction loan. It can be difficult to find lenders that offer competitive rates and to qualify for them — particularly if you don’t have a flawless credit history. Plus, construction loans tend to be complicated because it is often the builder who has to carry the loan.

If you are planning a small construction project or renovation, there are a few financing alternatives that might be easier to access and give you more flexibility.

Recommended: The Risks of Payday Loans

Personal Loans for Renovations

An unsecured personal loan can fund a renovation project or supplement other construction financing.

Personal loan interest rates are typically lower than construction loan rates, depending on your financial profile. And you can frequently choose a personal loan with a fixed interest rate.

Personal loans also offer potentially better terms. Instead of being required to pay off the loan as soon as the home is finished, you can opt for a longer repayment period. And getting approved for a personal loan can be much faster and easier than for a construction loan.

The drawbacks? You won’t be able to roll your personal loan into a mortgage once your renovation or building project is finished.

And because the loan is disbursed all at once, you will have to parse out the money yourself, instead of depending on the lender to finance the build in stages.

Cash-Out Refinance for Construction Costs

A cash-out refinance is also a good financing tool, particularly if you have a lot of equity in your current home. With a cash-out refinance, you refinance your home for more than you owe and are given the difference in cash.

You can estimate your building or renovation expenses with this Home Improvement Cost Calculator. Add your estimate to what you owe on your home to get the amount of your refinance.

Using one — or both — of these alternative financing tools may help you avoid some of the hassle and expense that come with construction loans.

The Takeaway

Planning a new home, ADU, or substantial renovation? A construction loan may be the ticket, though this kind of loan is usually harder to get than a mortgage, often carries a higher interest rate, and is typically short-term. For smaller projects, a personal loan or cash-out refinance can be a good option — and a lot less complicated.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPL0722005