Student Loan Debt by Major

Student Loan Debt by Major

There’s no question that furthering your education can be an expensive endeavor. But depending on what you study, students in some majors can expect to pay a significantly higher price than others.

If your goal is to study law, medicine, or veterinary medicine, for example, and you plan to get a graduate degree, you could end up owing five or six times more than the average person with a bachelor’s degree.

Whether you choose your major out of passion or for the potential paycheck — or both — only time will tell if you’ll get the outcome you’re hoping for. In the meantime, it can be a good idea to look at how much you might have to borrow to finance the course of study you’re considering.

Key Points

•   Student loan debt varies widely based on the major and degree level.

•   Law, medical, dental, and veterinary degrees have some of the highest student loan debt, often exceeding $150,000.

•   Business, architecture, and pharmacy degrees also carry significant debt, with many graduates borrowing over $100,000.

•   The average federal student loan debt balance is $37,843, while private student loan balances exceed $128 billion nationwide.

•   Federal loans have borrowing limits, leading many students to take on private loans to cover additional education costs.

Student Loan Debt in America

How much do student loan borrowers in the United States owe after college?

According to the Federal Reserve’s most recent numbers, outstanding U.S. student loan debt reached $1.74 trillion in the second quarter of 2024. That’s nearly triple what the Fed says Americans owed in 2006.

Gen Xers have the most student loan debt out of any other generation, with an average balance of $44,290 per borrower. Baby boomers have the second-largest amount at $42,520 per borrower, and millennials average $32,800 per borrower.

And the United States isn’t the only country with a high amount of student debt. In England, the value of outstanding loans reached £236 billion (approximately $261 billion in U.S. dollars) at the end of March 2024. The government there forecasts the value of outstanding loans will be around £500 billion (approximately $553 billion in U.S. dollars) by late 2040s.

While student loan forgiveness and other reforms are often discussed here and abroad, little is happening so far.

Recommended: Average Student Loan Debt: By Career

Average Student Loan Debt

According to the Education Data Initiative, the average federal student loan debt balance is $37,853 per borrower. And if you include private loan debt, the average balance may be as high as $40,681.

Of course, the amount you might borrow (or have borrowed) could vary significantly depending on your major and the degree required to pursue your chosen profession.

The average student loan debt for a borrower with a bachelor’s degree, for example, is about $30,500. But if your major moves you on to a graduate degree, the cost can move on, as well — to an average of $65,667 for the graduate degree only ($84,203 on average in total student loan debt). And if you’re thinking about a degree in law or medicine, your debt could be in the hundreds of thousands.

Federal student loan programs also allow graduate students to borrow more money than undergraduates. Though there’s a $31,000 cap on federal loans for undergraduate students who are dependents, graduate students may be eligible to borrow up to the full cost of attendance through the federal Grad Plus program.

Other factors that affect the amount students end up borrowing can include the cost of living in the state where the school is located, whether the school is public or private, and whether the student is paying in-state or out-of-state tuition.

Recommended: How to Pay for College

Student Loan Debt by Major

When you first start thinking about how to choose your college major, it’s likely you base your top choices on the academic subjects you’ve always been good at or things you’re interested in. Maybe you have a passion for a subject you feel destined to pursue.

If you’re a practical person, you also may have considered what career that degree might potentially lead to, and how much you’d earn if it became your profession.

What you may not have thought about — at least not at first — was how much it might cost you to major in one subject vs. another. Or if you might have to get an advanced degree in your major to actually get the job, or paycheck, of your dreams.

Here’s a look at the average student loan debt for some popular degrees:

Law Degree

$160,000 upon graduating

74% graduate in debt

Medical Degree

$243,483 upon graduating

73% have educational debt

Recommended: What Is the Average Medical School Debt?

Dental School

$296,500 upon graduating

82% take out student loans

Nursing

Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN): $23,302

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): $28,917

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN): $49,047

Almost 70% take out student loans.

Recommended: A Look at the Average Cost of Nursing School 

Business Administration

$41,000 to $170,000 for MBA students

54% of MBA graduates take out loans

Architecture

$40,000 in debt

(% who borrow not available)

Veterinary Medicine

$179,505 on average

82% graduate with debt

Pharmacy

$167,711

82.2% take out student loans

Education/Teaching

$55,800

45% take out loans

Communication/Journalism

Bachelor’s degree: $31,651

Master’s degree: $27,911

(% with loans not available)

Associate Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with an associate degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems: $38,533

•   Computer Systems Analysis: $27,924

•   Behavior Sciences: $21,859

•   Construction Management: $19,423

•   Marketing: $16,628

•   Animal Sciences: $12,705

•   Education, General: $11,035

•   Engineering, General: $10,299

•   Biological and Physical Sciences: $7,591

Bachelor’s Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with a bachelor’s degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Behavioral Sciences: $42,822

•   Computer Programming: $28,586

•   Education, General: $28,001

•   Music: $26,600

•   Architecture: $26,468

•   Construction Engineering: $26,025

•   Social Work: $24,863

•   Accounting and Related Services: $24,086

•   Economics: $20,700

•   Human Biology: $17,994

•   Science Technologies/Technicians, General: $9,529

Master’s Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with a master’s degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Advanced/Graduate Dentistry and Oral Sciences: $158,155

•   General Sales: $104,650

•   Real Estate Development: $97,023

•   Landscape Architecture: $80,409

•   International Business: $65,052

•   Public Health: $48,726

•   Engineering Science: $45,887

•   Insurance: $43,408

•   Construction Management: $37,620

•   Engineering, General: $33,235

•   Education, General: $29,434

Doctoral Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with a doctoral degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration: $310,330

•   Psychology, Other: $187,804

•   Public Administration: $146,194

•   Health and Medical Administration Services: $101,589

•   Education, General: $82,131

•   Biology, General: $42,879

Federal vs Private Student Loan Debt

As these student loan debt statistics show, the rising cost of attending college can be a heavy financial burden for many Americans. And because there are limits on how much students can borrow in federal loans each year, many turn to private student loans to help cover their education bills.

The national private student loan balance now exceeds $128 billion, according to EducationData.org, which says 88.93% of that balance is in undergraduate loans and 11.07% is in graduate student loans.

Private student loans are a pretty small piece of the overall outstanding student loan debt in the United States — about 8.84%. But the number of students taking out private loans is growing. Student loan borrowers owe 71% more in private student loan debt than they did a decade ago, the Student Borrower Protection Center reports.

Recommended: Private Student Loans vs Federal Student Loans

The Takeaway

No matter what your major is, there’s a good chance you may have to take on some debt to get the education you need and want.

And the final bill could be substantial: The average federal loan debt balance is $37,843 per borrower, but if you choose a major that requires a graduate degree, it could be two or three times that amount, or more.

Most student borrowers use federal loans to help pay for their education. But a combination of federal and private loans may be necessary to cover all your costs.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How much student loan debt is there in the United States?

According to the Federal Reserve’s most recent numbers, outstanding U.S. student loan debt reached $1.74 trillion in the second quarter of 2024.

What is the average U.S. student loan debt per student?

According to Education Data, the average federal student loan debt balance is $37,843 per borrower. If you include private loan debt, the average balance may be as high as $40,681.

Who owns the most student debt?

The federal government — or, more specifically, the U.S. Department of Education — owns about 92.5% of all student loan debt in America.


Photo credit: iStock/FabrikaCr

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Guide to Grad PLUS Loan Credit Score Requirements

Guide to Grad PLUS Loan Credit Score Requirements

According to EducationData.org, the average cost of a master’s degree at a public state college is $48,690, and $64,440 at a private school.

To help pay for this expense, graduate-level students sometimes turn to federal graduate loans for assistance. Grad students no longer qualify for federal Direct Subsidized Loans, but they may be eligible to borrow Direct Unsubsidized Loans or Graduate PLUS Loans.

Unlike most other loans in the Direct Loan Program, Direct PLUS Loans require a credit check. If you’re exploring loans to help fund your graduate program, here’s what to know about Grad PLUS Loan credit score requirements and eligibility.

Key Points

•   Grad PLUS Loans are federal student loans for graduate and professional students that require a credit check but no cosigner.

•   There is no minimum credit score, but applicants must not have adverse credit history, such as recent delinquencies or defaults.

•   Borrowers with adverse credit may qualify by securing an endorser or proving extenuating circumstances.

•   Alternatives to Grad PLUS Loans include grants, scholarships, work-study programs, personal loans, and private student loans.

•   Maintaining good credit can improve loan eligibility and future financial opportunities.

What Are Grad PLUS Loans?

Grad PLUS Loans are federal student loans available to graduate and professional students to help cover educational expenses not met by other financial aid. Offered by the U.S. Department of Education, Grad PLUS Loans require a credit check, but they do not require a cosigner.

The interest rate is fixed, and repayment begins six months after graduation, leaving school, or dropping below half-time enrollment. Grad PLUS Loans allow for borrowing up to the full cost of attendance, minus any other financial aid received. They also offer flexible repayment options, including income-driven plans and opportunities for deferment or forbearance.

Who Is Eligible for Grad PLUS Loans?

Students don’t have to demonstrate financial need to be eligible for a Grad PLUS Loan. However, in addition to meeting basic federal aid requirements, applicants must be enrolled in a certificate- or degree-issuing program at least half-time, and the program must be at an eligible school.

Upon meeting these academic requirements, graduate applicants must also agree to a credit check. If you don’t satisfy the Department of Education’s credit requirement, you’ll need to meet additional Grad PLUS Loan requirements to receive funding.

Grad PLUS Loan Minimum Credit Score

Unlike a traditional consumer loan through a private lender, the Department of Education doesn’t set a minimum Grad PLUS Loan credit score to qualify. Instead, the program states that borrowers can’t have an adverse credit history.

It determines adverse credit as:

•   Having a 90 or more day delinquent balance of $2,085 across one or more accounts.

•   Having a collection or charge-off in the past two years.

•   Having a foreclosure, repossession, bankruptcy discharge, tax lien, wage garnishment, or default within the past five years.

•   Having a federal student debt charge-off or write-off within five years.

Although primary borrowers with adverse credit aren’t eligible on their own, they might still be approved if they meet extra Grad PLUS Loan requirements.

How to Check Your Credit Score

There are a couple of options for those interested in finding their credit score. First, you can check in with your credit card company or bank, as many financial institutions now offer credit scores to their customers. You can also use a free credit score monitoring service.

Since there is no minimum credit score for a Grad PLUS Loan, you may also want to review your credit history. You can review your credit report from all three credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

Your credit reports include details for every credit account under your name and their payment status.

You can request a copy of each credit report in one sitting through AnnualCreditReport.com, the central website of the national credit bureaus.

You’re entitled to a free credit report from each bureau every 12 months. Additionally, you can request up to six free Equifax credit reports every year until 2026; this can be requested directly on Equifax’s website.

Tips for Maintaining a Good Credit Score

Although there isn’t a minimum credit score for Grad PLUS Loans, maintaining a positive credit profile today can be advantageous if you need loans for future academic years, or decide on a student loan refinance later on.

Some ways to keep your credit in good standing are by:

•   Making payments on time. Payment history accounts for 35% of your FICO® credit score. Make sure to pay at least the minimum payment by the due date every month.

•   Keeping your credit utilization low. If you have revolving credit, like a credit card, avoid using a high percentage of your available credit limit. As much as 30% of your score is based on credit utilization ratio.

•   Reviewing your credit report for mistakes. Although it’s rare, errors may come up on credit reports that can bring your score down. Regularly check your credit report and notify the bureaus of the error if you find one.

•   Keeping your longest credit account in good standing. The age of your credit accounts affect your overall credit score by 15%.

•   Having a mix of credit types. Keeping a mix of credit types could potentially help your credit score by 10%. For example, installment credit (student loan, auto loan, etc.) versus revolving credit (credit cards, home equity lines of credit, etc.).

Recommended: 10 Strategies for Building Credit Over Time

What to Do if You Have Adverse Credit

For students with an adverse credit history, the Grad PLUS Loan program offers two options:

1.    Secure an endorser. This person must not have adverse credit and will be liable to repay the debt if you, as the primary borrower, are unable to do so.

2.    Provide proof of an extenuating circumstance. If your adverse credit history was due to an extenuating circumstance, you can appeal a denied application by providing supporting documentation. Approval isn’t guaranteed.

Regardless of which path you choose, if approved, you’ll also need to undergo PLUS Credit Counseling.

Alternatives to Grad PLUS Loans

Although you have access to apply for Grad PLUS Loans as a graduate or professional student, you’re not guaranteed for approval. For example, if you have adverse credit, but can’t secure an endorser, you might not receive Grad PLUS funding.

Below are some other graduate school loan options and financial aid ideas if you need alternatives.

Grants, Scholarships, and Work-Study

Grants, scholarships, and work-study are financial aid opportunities that can help bridge the gap for your graduate education.

The first step to seeing whether you’re eligible for these programs is completing a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). If you’re eligible for federal, state, or school-sponsored programs, you’ll be notified through your FAFSA award letter.

You can also apply for need- or merit-based grants and scholarships through private organizations, professional associations, or other nonprofit community groups.

Personal Loans

If you’ve exhausted federal student aid options, a personal loan from a private lender could be an option to consider. Generally, you can use personal loans for nearly any large, upcoming expense, including costs associated with graduate school, like transportation or supplies.

Personal loans are available through private entities, like banks, credit unions, online lenders, and also through community groups and associations.

Recommended: Common Reasons to Apply for a Personal Loan

Private Student Loans

Another financial aid option that operates outside of the federal student loan system are private student loans. Private student loans are specifically for use toward educational expenses, like tuition, fees, and textbooks.

These loans are provided by private banks, credit unions, and financial institutions. Some states and schools also offer private student loan options.

A private student loan is an installment loan, and can have fixed- or variable interest rates. Each lender has its own eligibility requirements and loan terms.

Since these loans aren’t federally owned, they don’t offer the same benefits that federal loans provide, like access to loan forgiveness and extended deferment. For this reason, federal student loans are generally prioritized over private student loan options when evaluating financing options.

Explore Private Student Loan Rates

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Can you be denied a Grad PLUS loan?

Yes, you can be denied a Grad PLUS Loan if you don’t meet the Department of Education’s eligibility requirements. You must be a graduate or professional student who’s enrolled in a degree- or certificate-granting program at an eligible school. You also must not have adverse credit, and must meet the general requirements for federal student aid.

Do Grad PLUS loans check your credit score?

Yes, Direct PLUS Loans, which include Grad PLUS Loans, require a credit check. The credit checks reviews a borrower’s credit history for adverse marks. Despite having adverse credit, however, borrowers might still be able to receive Grad PLUS funding by adding a cosigner or by providing proof of extenuating circumstances.

Are cosigners required for Grad PLUS loans?

Cosigners are not required to qualify for a Grad PLUS Loan. However, if the primary borrower has adverse credit, having a cosigner (also known as an endorser), might help the primary borrower qualify.


Photo credit: iStock/aldomurillo

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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Breaking Down the Parent PLUS Loan Application Process

Breaking Down the Parent PLUS Loan Application Process

Federal PLUS Loans are an accessible option for graduate students and parents of college students.

Parent PLUS Loans are federal loans for parents of undergraduate students. They offer flexible repayment options, fixed interest rates, and higher borrowing limits.

Direct PLUS Loans, also known as grad PLUS Loans, are available to graduate and professional degree students. Both parent and grad loans fall under the Direct Loan Program operated by the federal government.

Key Points

•   Parent PLUS Loans are federal loans for parents of undergraduate students, requiring a credit check and offering fixed interest rates, flexible repayment, and borrowing up to the cost of attendance minus other aid.

•   The application process requires completing the FAFSA first, then applying online with a verified FSA ID, student/school information, and employer details; approval requires signing a Master Promissory Note (MPN).

•   Loan details: For 2024–25, interest is 9.08% with a 4.228% origination fee; repayment starts after final disbursement unless deferment is requested (interest accrues during deferment).

•   Parents denied a PLUS Loan may add an endorser (cosigner) or complete PLUS Credit Counseling to proceed.

•   Borrowers can access income-driven repayment only by consolidating into a Direct Consolidation Loan; repayment is tied to income over 20–25 years, with possible forgiveness (forgiven amounts may be taxable).

What Is a Parent PLUS Loan?

Parent PLUS Loans can be borrowed by parents of undergraduate students in order to help their child pay for college. These loans are funded by the U.S. Department of Education and are part of the Direct Loan Program.

Unlike other types of federal student loans, Parent PLUS Loans do require a credit check. If an applicant has an adverse credit history, they may not be approved to borrow a Parent PLUS Loan.

💡 Quick Tip: New to private student loans? Visit the Private Student Loans Glossary to get familiar with key terms you will see during the process.

How Do Parent PLUS Loans Work?

As noted previously, Parent PLUS Loans are available to all qualifying parents of undergraduate students. Borrowers with poor credit history can ask an “endorser” to cosign the loan, or borrowers can send a report clarifying their credit history to be considered.

The loan amount is limited to your child’s cost of attendance (COA), less any other aid awarded to the student. The interest rate is fixed for both loan types, and interest accrues the moment it’s released, even during deferment. For the 2024-25 academic year, PLUS Loans have an interest rate of 9.08% and an origination fee of 4.228%.

Like other loans in the Direct Loan program, a third party company called a “loan servicer” manages customer service around general billing requests such as repayment and deferment.

Parent PLUS Loan Application Process

The first step in borrowing a Parent PLUS Loan is to have your child fill out the FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid. This is required before a parent can request a PLUS Loan. After the FAFSA® is taken care of, parents can submit an online application for a PLUS Loan.

Before applying for a PLUS Loan, remove any security freezes on your credit bureau files. Any active credit freezes will prevent an application from being processed.

It may take upwards of 20 minutes to complete the application, and you’ll generally need the following information:

•   Verified FSA ID (your StudentAid.gov login)

•   School Name

•   Student Information

•   Personal Information

•   Employer’s Information (such as the employer’s name, address, and phone)

A verified FSA ID is a unique ID that acts as a legal electronic signature. It should only be used by that applicant.

After being approved for the PLUS Loan, borrowers will be required to fill out the Master Promissory Note (MPN). This indicates that you agree to the terms of the loan.

Recommended: Do You Have to Apply for a Parent Plus Loan Every Year?

Filling Out the FAFSA

The FAFSA is required for all forms of federal student aid, including grants, work-study, and federal loans. Some state and school-specific aid may also be awarded based on information included on a student’s FAFSA form.

Applicants who submit a FAFSA get a Student Aid Report (SAR) that summarizes the form’s information. It will include your Student Aid Index (SAI) and your eligibility for federal grants and loans, among other details. Schools listed on your FAFSA get a copy of this report to determine aid.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

Determining Your Eligibility

Borrowers must fulfill the following basic requirements:

•   Be the legal guardian of an undergraduate enrolled in a higher ed program part-time or full-time

•   Fulfill general federal student aid requirements, such as citizenship

•   Not have an adverse credit history

How Much Can You Borrow?

Parent PLUS Loan borrowers can take out the total cost of attendance of the program their child is enrolled in, less the amount in scholarships or other forms of aid.

How Much Do You Want to Borrow?

It can be tempting to borrow to make paying for college easier, but be cautious of overborrowing. Parent PLUS Loans have costlier fees and rates, with the latest interest rate at 9.05%, combined with a 4.228% origination fee.

For income-earning parents, it may be easier to measure the amount of student debt you should take on. As a general rule of thumb, all debt, including student loans, should not exceed more than 20% of your annual or projected annual take-home pay.

Filling Out Your Parent PLUS Loan Application

Prospective students and parents of prospective undergraduates fill out a Parent PLUS Loan application online. Grad PLUS Loan applications are separate online forms.

Enrollees will have the option to sign up for in-school deferment and get a credit check on the spot. Borrowers can also view a demo to see what the application entails before applying.

Recommended: Grad PLUS Loans, Explained

Signing a Promissory Note

Once you complete the PLUS Loan application, you’ll be directed to complete a Master Promissory Note (MPN). An MPN spells out a borrower’s rights and responsibilities in the loan agreement.

Loans will not be awarded until an MPN is completed.

You’ll be asked to fill out personal information and provide two references as future contacts in case you’re unreachable.

What to Expect After Applying

Approved loans will be disbursed to the school you’re enrolled in and they’ll apply the loan to outstanding fees, tuition, and/or room and board. If there are funds left over, you can cancel the remainder or choose to keep it for discretionary expenses related to higher ed day-to-day living.

What If You Are Denied?

If you are denied a loan, you may be able to add an endorser, or cosigner, to your application. An endorser is someone who agrees to pay your loan if you are unable. If you were denied for having an adverse credit history, you will likely need to complete an online PLUS Credit Counseling course.

Recommended: Guide to Grad PLUS Loan Credit Score Requirements

How Long Until the Loan Is Disbursed?

Each school pays out loans on a different schedule. Once the federal government has processed your paperwork and released funds, schools handle the process afterwards. If you have questions about when your loan will be disbursed, contact the financial aid office at your child’s school.

When Do You Need to Begin Repayment?

Repayment for Parent PLUS Loans begins immediately upon the last disbursement of the loan or after deferment, depending on the repayment plan you select.

If you request a deferment, you are able to pause payments until six months after your child graduates from college. If you are interested in this option, you can make this selection on the PLUS Loan application or request it directly with the loan servicer. Interest will accrue even while the loan is in deferment.

Income-Driven Repayment Options for Parent PLUS Loans

Parent PLUS Loan borrowers are able to enroll in an income-driven repayment plan if they first consolidate the loan through the Direct Consolidation Loan Program. Income-driven repayment plans tie the monthly payments to your income and repayment takes place over a period of 20 to 25 years.

On these plans, your loan payment may fluctuate each year depending on your income and family size. At the end of your repayment period, any outstanding balance is forgiven, but under certain circumstances, this forgiven amount may be considered taxable income by the IRS.

The Takeaway

PLUS Loans are federally funded loans available to graduate students and parents of undergraduate students. Applying for a PLUS Loan is a straightforward process when you understand the key steps and requirements. By ensuring you meet the eligibility criteria, gathering the necessary documentation, and completing the application accurately, you can secure funding for education expenses efficiently.

Other ways to pay for college include cash savings, scholarships, grants, and private student loans. Federal loans, including PLUS Loans, come with certain benefits and protections, and should be used prior to looking into private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How long does it take for approval for a Parent PLUS Loan for college?

Loan applications are preliminarily approved or denied on submission and schools are notified within 24 hours. Applicants must pass eligibility requirements after completing the application. A Master Promissory Note and the FAFSA also must be completed prior to loan awards. Disbursement processing times differ with each school.

Can you be denied a Parent PLUS student loan?

Yes, if you have an adverse credit history you may be denied a PLUS Loan. You can get a PLUS Loan with an endorser or documentation proving extenuating circumstances around your history. Examples include foreclosure or bankruptcy.

What is the maximum borrowable amount for a Parent PLUS Loan?

The maximum borrowable amount allowed is the cost of attendance (COA), which is determined by schools.


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Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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How Much Should I Have in Savings?

If you’re wondering how much you should have in savings, you may know that many financial experts feel three to six months’ worth of living expenses is vital. That said, you might also be curious if more cash in the bank may provide a greater sense of security and well-being.

Despite the saying that money can’t buy happiness, research indicates that having cash can indeed enhance one’s sense of well-being. A study conducted at the Wharton School of Management at the University of Pennsylvania found having more money does boost your positive feelings.

So with that in mind as well as your financial security, here’s a closer look at how much you should have in savings to get those good vibes going and give you a sense of security during uncertain times.

Key Points

•   Financial experts generally recommend having at least three to six months’ worth of living expenses in savings.

•   Savings recommendations vary by age, starting with $500 for young adults and increasing to six months of expenses for older adults, not including savings for long-term goals, such as retirement.

•   Many Americans lack sufficient savings, according to a 2024 SoFi survey, with 45% having less than $500 in their emergency funds.

•   Outside of savings accounts, you may consider putting your savings in retirement accounts and investment accounts — though higher risk, these options may help your money grow over time.

•   Budgeting, tracking spending, and cutting unnecessary expenses may help you build savings more effectively.

Why Should I Have Savings?

You want to be financially savvy, right? Most people do. But a startling 12% of Americans have no savings, according to a recent YouGov survey. Another 13% say they have less than $100 and 14% indicate they have between $1,000 and $4,999.

A savings account helps you avoid going into more debt and prepare for unexpected emergencies. Imagine if your car had a major breakdown, or your cell phone was trampled on during a weekend outing. How would you afford the unpredictable repairs?

An emergency fund stocked with extra cash can help you avoid taking out personal loans or using a credit card to cover an unexpected expense. And while emergencies are never fun, it might help you feel a little bit better knowing that you’re prepared. In SoFi’s April 2024 Banking survey of 500 U.S. adults, 45% of respondents said they have less than $500 in an emergency fund.

How Much Money Should I Have in Savings?

If you don’t have much in savings, where exactly do you start? A general rule of thumb is to have three to six months of living expenses saved up, not including money you’re setting aside for long-term planning, such as retirement funds. But keep in mind that your living expenses may increase as you age, as you start growing your family, have mortgage payments, or are saving for retirement, so you might need more in a checking and savings account.

But that is still a good figure to aim for. Once you figure out your bare minimum monthly expenses and multiply it by three or six, you can calculate how much to aim for and get that sum saved.

It’s worth noting that some money experts say 10 times your monthly expenses may be a wiser amount of a cash cushion to stash away.

However, many Americans are not yet stashing away enough for emergencies, according to our survey data.

Amount in emergency savings

People who have saved that amount

Less than $500 45%
$500 to $1,000 16%
$1,000 to $5,000 19%
$5,000 to $10,000 9%
More $10,000 10%

Source: SoFi’s April 2024 Banking Survey of 500 U.S. adults

Increase your savings
with a limited-time APY boost.*


*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

How Much Money Should I Have in Savings by Age?

Now, here’s a look at how much to sock away in savings based on your age.

18-24: At Least $500 in Savings

Being a college student or recent grad is expensive. It’s hard to keep up with tuition and rent. However, as a college student, you can try starting with $500 in emergency savings and working your way up.

A $500 emergency fund is a great place to start for young people whose expenses are typically less than older Americans. Even just saving $10 per week can help you reach your goal in about a year.

20s: 3-6 Months of Expenses in Savings

After graduation, you’re figuring out the real world for the first time. Most post-graduates are determining how to pay back student loans, and maintain new living expenses. It may help to break down your larger goal of three to six months’ worth of living expenses into first saving $1,000 in your emergency fund.

This can help you feasibly achieve your savings goal while preparing for most emergencies with a sum of cash on hand. You might want to try automating your savings and having a small amount transferred from your checking account on payday to build up your reserves.

30s: 6+ Months of Expenses in Savings

By the time you reach your thirties, ideally you’d have at least six months of expenses saved. At this point, you may even be questioning if you should invest more or continue to save. An easy way to determine how much you need to save is to create a budget of your basic living expenses. Twenty-three percent of people in SoFi’s survey report using budgeting tools offered by their bank.

How much do you need to survive in the case of job loss or a medical emergency? A savings account of at least six months of your usual expenses can help you feel safe enough to cover rent, utilities, and food while you get back on your feet.

40s: 6+ Months of Expenses in Savings

How would you survive if faced with a job loss? According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, unemployment benefits vary state-to-state, but many states give up to 26 weeks in benefits.

However, the amount you receive might not be on par with what you are earning, so consider alternative safety nets. As an example, in New York, which can have a high cost of living, unemployment benefits may range from $100 to $500 a week.

When you’re in your 40s and 50s, replacing your income may prove to be more difficult as you search for positions with more work experience. If the government covers roughly six months of unemployment, then you’ll likely want to have at least that much and then some in your own savings.

50s: 6+ Months of Expenses in Savings

If you are in your 50s and wondering how much to have in savings, the answer again is at least six months’ worth of living expenses and ideally significantly more. For many people, this is their period of peak earnings. They may have multiple expenses as well, such as a mortgage, children’s education, and eldercare. Yet only 10% of people in SoFi’s Banking survey have more than $10,000 in their emergency savings.

Given these pressing concerns, you want to make sure you have a cushion if you were to face an emergency like job loss. What’s more, you don’t want to tap your retirement savings, which can trigger steep early-withdrawal penalties.

Where Should I Put My Savings?

If you’re building up an emergency fund, then placing your savings in an account that can be easily accessed, like a savings account, is probably ideal. That said, there are different options for putting your savings, depending on your goals.

Retirement Accounts

Putting your near-term or emergency savings into a 401(k) or mutual fund might not be the best place for this purpose because these accounts are not very liquid. In other words, you can’t easily access the money when you need it.

Plus, withdrawing early from accounts specifically set up for retirement may come with penalties and hefty fees if you are under the age of 59.5. In addition, these funds may not be insured, depending on the type of account.

That said, a retirement account is an important tool for long-term savings, since they may help grow your funds over time to help provide you with the money you’ll need later in life.

Investments

Investments can offer a place to grow your savings at a healthy rate of return over time. However, this money will not be insured, and you could face losses if the market drops. That could leave you vulnerable if you needed to access money at that moment. You might look into short-term vs. long-term investments to see how you may want to balance different types of savings plans.

Savings Account

A savings account can provide a secure place to store your savings. There are different kinds of savings accounts to consider, and you may find varying rates of return depending on the annual percentage yield (APY) offered and how often compounding occurs. For instance, there are high-yield savings accounts that offer higher APYs, which 23% of the SoFi survey respondents said they have.

When comparing traditional vs. online banks, you may find that the latter, since they don’t have brick-and-mortar locations, may offer better rates and lower fees.

Recommended: Use SoFi’s savings account interest calculator to see how much your money can grow over time.

Checking Account

While a checking account is a secure, typically FDIC-insured place to store your savings, it’s really designed to be more of a place for paying bills and for everyday needs. You likely won’t earn much interest. In SoFi’s survey, 88% of the respondents with bank accounts have checking accounts, while 71% have savings accounts.

Cash

While cash is perhaps the most liquid of ways to store your money, it can’t promise security. You could be robbed or could lose your money. That’s not what you want to happen to your nest egg!

This chart helps you compare the different places to put your savings.

Location of Savings Rate of return Insured
Retirement Variable Maybe
Investments Variable No
Savings Low to moderate Yes
Checking No to low Yes
Cash None No

How Much Does the Average American Have in Savings

While you’ve now read the advice to have three to six months’ worth of living expenses stashed away, many Americans are not hitting that goal.

According to the Federal Reserve’s Board Survey of Consumer Finances, here are the average savings:

•   Under 35: $11,200

•  Age 35-44: $27,900

•  Age 45-54: $48,200

•  Age 55-64: $57,800.

Building Up Savings More Quickly

Convinced you need more savings, and a traditional savings account just won’t cut it? Here are a couple of ways to help build up your savings faster than a savings account alone.

Selling Your Stuff

Take inventory of things in your garage or closet that you can sell. There are several buy/sell apps out there that can make it easier to sell your unwanted items, and many places where you can sell your stuff and recoup some money.

Any money you make off of your items can be thrown into your savings account. This method is a win-win because you get rid of things you aren’t using, and you can build up your savings without changing your spending habits.

Cutting Out Unnecessary Spending

Want to make significant strides with your savings habit? It might be time to look at your expenses and cut out unnecessary spending.

There are several things you could change, even if it’s just temporary. Replace your $100 per month gym membership by exercising with free, full-length workout videos online. Cut out your cable expense and go all-in with a cheaper Netflix subscription.

How a Budget Can Help You Save

Yes, the dreaded budget. Actually seeing how much you spend each month in a written budget can help you save. When you track your monthly income and expenses, you can quickly identify what areas of life are costing the most so you can make adjustments.

An online budgeting tool like SoFi’s can help you track your spending, which can help you see where you might be able to trim some fat from your expenses.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

How much should a 30 year old have in savings?

How much money you should have in savings at age 30 will vary, but an individual should have at least three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses saved. Some financial advisors suggest that you should have the equivalent of one year’s salary (gross) saved.

How much does the average person have in savings?

Savings vary person to person, and with age. Currently, the average American under age 35 has approximately $11,200 saved.

Is $20000 a good amount of savings?

Whether $20000 is a good amount to have saved will depend on a few factors. If you are a single recent college grad, it could be a very good starting point for an emergency fund. However, if you have several dependents and are taking retirement savings into account, then you may consider strategies for increasing your savings.


SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is a Certificate Program? A Student's Guide in 2022

Student’s Guide to Certificate Programs

Certificate programs offer a flexible, focused, and often more affordable way for individuals to gain specialized skills and knowledge without committing to a full degree program. Whether you’re a recent high school graduate looking to supplement your education, a working professional seeking career advancement, or someone wanting to switch industries, certificate programs provide valuable credentials in a relatively short time frame. 

Keep reading to learn what certificate programs are, their benefits, and how to choose the right one to meet your personal and professional goals.

What Is a Certificate Program?

Certificate programs are courses or vocational training provided by colleges or professional associations that last less than two years, and typically just six to nine months. They can prepare you for immediate placement in trade, technical, and vocational careers. 

Trade schools prepare you for jobs such as welder, electrician, and cosmetologist. Vocational schools focus on in-demand jobs that can be trained in two years or less, such as working as a paralegal or a dental hygienist. Technical schools teach skills for one trade and typically involve an apprenticeship. Programs include HVAC, auto repair, and some nursing certifications.

“Certifications” are the outcome of certain certificate programs to prove successful mastery of the program. Exams are officiated by state or authorized organizations, and formal licenses, diplomas, or certificates are awarded on completion. Certificates can also be career training programs for bachelor’s degree holders to expand a student’s expertise without earning a degree. For instance, a marketing professional can enroll in a social media marketing course, a niche area of marketing, to broaden their skillset. 

Certificate Programs vs College Degrees

Certificate programs and college degrees differ in curriculum, program length, cost, and program outcome.

Curriculum. Colleges require a general education curriculum, whereas certificates teach only the skills for a trade or subject. No academic courses, such as humanities, are included in the training.

Length. Certificate programs are shorter. College degrees are a minimum of two to four years for full-time students. Certifications can sometimes be just one month, but are typically three to four months for one-off courses. Training programs for certifications are usually one to two years.

Cost. A college education has a substantial price tag. The average college tuition in 2024 costs $38,270 per student per year, according to the Education Data Initiative, compared to certificate programs that can range from $1,000 to $5,000 (though some may be more expensive). 

Program outcome. Finally, program outcomes differ. Certificates train students for a specific skill and immediate placement in careers with those skills. College programs provide an extensive and expansive education that can provide opportunities in multiple disciplines within a field. For instance, someone who earns a bachelor’s in economics can enter finance analytics, business consulting, and various disciplines in finance-related fields.

Recommended: A Guide to Choosing the Right College Major

How Long Are Certificate Programs?

Certificate programs can range from a few weeks to two years. San Diego University’s paralegal program can take four to eight months to complete in-person, for example. A cosmetology program at Fullerton College in California requires 1600 hours at a student’s own pace — so the program length depends on you and the field you are planning on studying.

Types of Certificate Programs

The two most common types of certification programs are undergraduate and graduate. They follow compulsory education, and outside of a degree, provide education needed for specific fields such as business, administration, and healthcare.

Undergraduate

Undergrad programs build technical skills and subject mastery via career training programs or one-off courses. Enrollees usually must have a high school diploma for certain courses. They can often be completed in one academic year or less.

Some programs, such as cosmetology, award a license at the end of the program. Ensure your program is formally accredited by the state or professional organization and will prepare you for required licensing exams.

Graduate

Graduate courses enhance a college degree. Students test and earn a certificate to satisfy course completion without earning a degree. Some courses require prior knowledge of a topic. For example, students employed in computer engineering can earn a certificate in a new computer language.

They are offered by universities and colleges, and programs are credit-based. Some programs’ credits can be transferred to other colleges.

Online Certificate Programs

Online certificate programs offer multiple advantages, with convenience being at the top of the list. The online universe has a library of extensive certificate programs, and prestigious courses are accessible to everyday learners. For example, eCornell has a large library of graduate courses. Also, MOOCs (massive open online courses) offer free and paid programs from universities, nonprofits, and for-profit companies.

Online courses also offer flexibility. Asynchronous courses, those that don’t have a specific meeting time, allow students to take a course at their own pace. You can access pre-recorded content anytime and follow class discussion on comment boards. On the other hand, synchronous online programs are more restricted to a schedule. They work like in-person courses where students attend live online lectures, meet due dates, and engage in online class activities.

Finally, online courses may be less expensive than in-person ones. Cutting the commute and certain campus fees can result in cheaper overall prices than in-person learning.

Not all certificate programs offer online learning, however. Hands-on vocations, such as landscaping, plumbing, and electrical engineering, often require apprenticeships to demonstrate material understanding and to meet minimum requirements.

Is a Certificate Program Right for You?

Certificate programs might be a good fit for someone who wants to try a trade career. They are an affordable way to test out vocations without incurring student debt. And college credits from some courses can be put toward a formal college degree if you decide to pursue a bachelor’s.

If you want to learn a new skill for work, graduate certificate courses are one alternative to a master’s or professional degree. For instance, some companies will pay employees to get a Project Manager Professional (PMP) certificate to better equip their employees and improve workforce productivity.

Certificate programs are a great way to kick-start a career change. Some popular certificate programs for career changes include business analysis, law, human resources, and accounting. They are offered by professional organizations, such as the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for accounting.

Program Type

Certificate Programs

Certification Programs

College Degrees

What do you gain?

Add skills with specific courses for your current job

Fast-track into trade careers or career advancement

Gain career opportunities not limited to trade vocations

How long do you study?

Programs last a few weeks to a few months

Programs last a few months and up to two years

Programs for full-time students last two to four years

How many credits are programs?

15-30 credits, though requirements may vary

4-30 credits, requirements may vary

60 for associate, 120-130 for bachelor’s, and 30-60 credits for graduate programs

This program is good for…

Kick-starting a career change; adding skills to your existing job

Starting a new career (usually in trade vocations); advancing careers into management

Starting a new career or changing a career

Benefits of a Certificate Program

Certificates can propel students directly into the workforce with on-demand skills. According to a Georgetown University study, nearly all certificates (94%) are awarded in career-oriented fields.

Future success in earnings depends on the trade field you choose. For instance, the median earnings for a dental hygienist were $87,530 per year in 2023 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). In comparison, the median wage for cosmetologists was $35,080 in 2023 according to the BLS.

Certificates can also complement a college degree or help a professional acquire skills to advance upward within a field. A marketing professional can expand his or her skillset with an InDesign certificate — often a skill needed for content marketers. And it pays to learn. A total of 77% of Coursera students reported career benefits, such as promotions, raises, and career changes.

Certificate programs also can save time and money. Programs are fewer credits than full degrees and are shorter in length, so cost substantially less than a degree.

Drawbacks of a Certificate Program

Certificates alone can increase income value modestly — and the gains can be diminished in a rapidly evolving workplace. Some studies even show negative returns for certificate holders without a college degree, according to the nonprofit New America.

One BLS report shows bachelor’s degree holders earn median weekly earnings of $1,541, while “some college or associate degree” earners make $1,057 per week on average.

Furthermore, more vocations require a college degree. According to BLS, a bachelor’s degree is required for 174 occupations while an associate degree or a postsecondary nondegree award is required for only 99 occupations.

While certificate programs equip you with skills to land an entry level job after a short time, it may not pay off in the long run.

What to Look for in a Certificate Program

Evaluate programs by accreditation. Quality courses are accredited by the U.S. Department of Education or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. They might also be verified by certifying bodies within that industry, such as HRCI for Professional Human Resources certification.

Determine flexibility. Some learners might benefit more from in-person courses, while an online course can give busy learners an opportunity to gain valuable expertise and skills. Furthermore, an asynchronous program can provide further flexibility for students who have unpredictable schedules.

Look out for for-profit institutions. For-profits are often synonymous with poor training for exorbitant costs. In short, it can be a scam. The College Scorecard is a government tool that can tell you whether your school is for-profit. On your school’s page, you will see its designation, such as “Private For Profit.”

What Certificate Programs Are in Demand in 2024?

There’s no shortage of demand for certificate programs. The National Center for Education Statistics says the number of certificates awarded increased from 53% to 70% from 2011-12 to 2021-22.

Top certification categories in demand in 2024, according to the International Association of Career Coaches, include:

•   Information Systems and Cybersecurity ($73K to $123K average salary)

•   Project Management ($99K to $122K average salary)

•   Healthcare ($41K to $203K average salary)

•   Finance and Accounting ($72K to $111K average salary)

•   Human Resources ($65K to $128K average salary)

The top paying certifications include:

•   Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist: $203K

•   Google Cloud Professional Data Engineer: $129K

•   Global Professional in Human Resources: $128K

•   AWS Certified Solutions Architect: $123K

•   Chartered Financial Analyst: $104K

•   Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality: $100K

Coursera’s top 10 courses with professional certification include Google Data Analytics, Google Project Design, Google UX Design, IBM Data Analytics, Google IT Support, Meta Marketing Analytics, IBM Cybersecurity Analyst, IBM Data Science, IBM Data Analyst Capstone Project, and International Business Essentials Specialization. 

How to Pay for Certificate Programs

When deciding how to pay for certificate programs, it’s important to explore all your options. Some might include savings, student loans, and other forms of financial aid.

To get a student loan for a certificate program, you can fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). The FAFSA will tell you what you qualify for, including federal student loans, grants, and scholarships.

You can also look into private student loans. Private student loans are given by banks, credit unions, and online lenders. While they don’t offer the same benefits and protections as federal student loans, they can be a good option for students who need funding to pay for their certificate program.

Recommended: Guide to Student Loans for Certificate Programs

The Takeaway

Certificate programs can start, enhance, or change careers for learners. They can prepare students for immediate placement in a specific trade without a college degree. They can also boost your career by providing specialized skills, enhancing your qualifications, and demonstrating expertise to employers.

Certificate programs are less expensive and shorter in duration than college degrees. To pay for a certificate program, you can look into employer assistance programs, use cash savings, or rely on federal or private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What does a certificate program mean?

A certificate program is a short-term educational course designed to provide specialized skills or knowledge in a certain field. It typically takes a few months to two years and is aimed at enhancing career opportunities, professional development, or gaining expertise in a particular subject.

Is a certificate program worth taking?

A certificate program can be valuable for gaining specialized knowledge quickly and affordably. However, it’s important to consider the program’s relevance to your field and potential return on investment.

What are the benefits of attending a certificate program?

Attending a certificate program offers three key benefits: It provides specialized skills and knowledge in a short time, enhances your qualifications to improve job prospects, and offers a flexible, cost-effective alternative to a degree, allowing you to advance your career or switch fields efficiently.


Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


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