Aug
08
2025
What Is Mortgage Principal? How Do You Pay It Off?

What Is the Mortgage Principal and How Does Paying It Down Work?

By | Family Finances, Home Ownership, mortgage | Comments Off on What Is the Mortgage Principal and How Does Paying It Down Work?

Many homebuyers swimming in the pool of new mortgage terminology may wonder how mortgage principal differs from their mortgage payment. Simply put, your mortgage principal is the amount of money you borrowed from your mortgage lender.

Knowing what your mortgage principal is and how you can pay it off more quickly than the average homeowner could save you a lot of money over the life of the loan. Here’s what you need to know about paying off the principal on a mortgage.

Key Points

•   Mortgage principal is the original amount borrowed to pay for a home, distinct from the monthly mortgage payment or the home’s purchase price.

•   Every month you make a payment on your mortgage, and principal, interest, and escrow accounts for taxes and insurance are typically all paid from that amount.

•   Making extra payments toward principal can help pay off the mortgage early and reduce interest costs over the life of the loan.

•   Amortization schedules show how each mortgage payment is split between principal and interest, with earlier payments mostly going toward interest.

•   Benefits of paying additional principal on a mortgage are building equity, lowering interest costs, and shortening the loan term, but it should be considered in the context of overall financial priorities.

Mortgage Principal Definition

Mortgage principal is the original amount that you borrowed to pay for your home. It is not the amount you paid for your home; nor is it the amount of your monthly mortgage payment.

Each month when you make a payment on your mortgage loan, a portion goes toward the original amount you borrowed, a portion goes toward the interest payment, and some goes into your escrow account, if you have one, to pay for taxes and insurance.

Your mortgage principal balance will change over the life of your loan as you pay it down with your monthly mortgage payment, as well as any extra payments. This changing balance may be called your outstanding mortgage principal. (While there is a difference between outstanding mortgage principal vs. mortgage principal balance, the terms are often used interchangeably.) Your equity will increase while you’re paying down the principal on your mortgage.

Mortgage Principal vs Mortgage Interest

Your mortgage payment consists of both mortgage principal and interest. Mortgage principal is the amount you borrowed. Mortgage interest is the lending charge you pay for borrowing the mortgage principal. Both are included in your monthly mortgage payment, and your mortgage statement will likely include a breakdown of how much of your monthly mortgage payment goes to mortgage principal vs. interest.

When you start paying down principal, as the mortgage amortization schedule will show you, most of your payment at this point will go toward interest rather than principal. Later on in the life of your loan, you’ll be paying more mortgage principal vs. interest.

Hover your cursor over the amortization chart of this mortgage calculator to get an idea of how a given loan might be amortized over time if no extra payments were made.

Mortgage Principal vs Total Monthly Payment

Your total monthly payment is divided into parts by your mortgage servicer and sent to the correct entities. It includes principal plus interest, and often other components.

Fees and Expenses Included in the Monthly Payment

Your monthly payment isn’t typically just made up of principal and interest. Most borrowers are also paying installments toward property taxes and homeowners insurance each month, and some pay mortgage insurance, too. In the industry, this is often referred to as PITI, for principal, interest, taxes, and insurance.

A mortgage statement will break all of this down and show any late fees.

Escrow for Taxes and Insurance

Among the many mortgage questions you might have for a lender, one should be whether you’ll need an escrow account for taxes and insurance or whether you can pay those expenses in lump sums on your own when they’re due. Many lenders prefer to take on the responsibility for your taxes and insurance in order to protect their investment, but they will charge you for those costs in your mortgage payments and hold that money in an escrow account until needed.

Conventional mortgages typically require an escrow account if you borrow more than 80% of the property’s value. In the world of government home loans, FHA and USDA loans need an escrow account, and lenders usually want one for VA-backed loans. If you live in a flood zone and are required to have flood insurance, an escrow account may be mandatory.

Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)

When you get a conventional loan and put down less than 20% of the home’s value, your lender will require you to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI).It will probably want to handle this through an escrow account also, to avoid the possibility of your making late payments.

Benefits of Paying Additional Principal on Mortgage

Making extra payments toward principal will allow you to pay off your mortgage early and will decrease your interest costs, sometimes by an astounding amount.

If you make extra payments, you may want to let your mortgage servicer know that you want the funds to be applied to principal instead of the next month’s payment.

Could you face a prepayment penalty? Conforming mortgages signed on or after January 10, 2014, cannot carry one. Nor can FHA, USDA, or VA loans. If you’re not sure whether your mortgage has a prepayment penalty, check your loan documents or call your lender or mortgage servicer.

Reducing Interest Over Time

If you make additional payments toward your principal, you will decrease the amount of money that you’re being charged interest on, as your principal balance drops. This means that in the long run, you would end up paying less interest than if you simply made your payments as scheduled.

Shortening the Loan Term

It can be helpful – and motivating – to keep an eye on how your mortgage payments are impacting your principal balance and how much of them is going to interest. There are a couple of easy ways to do this.

Amortization Schedules

An amortization schedule can be a big help in understanding your mortgage payments and how you’re paying down principal on your mortgage. Essentially, it’s a chart that lists each planned payment for the entirety of your mortgage, detailing how much of each will go to principal and how much to interest. You’ll also see how much principal you still owe after each payment.

To get a full amortization schedule for the life of your loan, you may need to sign on to your account online or contact your lender and request the schedule.

Mortgage Statements

The easiest way to keep track of how much you’re currently paying on your mortgage principal and interest is to look at your mortgage statements every month. The mortgage servicer will send you a statement with the amount you owe and how much it will reduce your principal each month. You may also see the breakdown for your previous payment and/or for the year to date, as well as your total outstanding mortgage principal. If you have an online account, you can usually see the numbers there.

How to Pay Down Mortgage Principal Balance

Paying off the mortgage principal is done by making extra payments. Because the amortization schedule is set by the lender, a high percentage of your monthly payment goes toward interest in the early years of your loan.

When you make extra payments or increase the amount you pay each month (even by just a little bit), you’ll start to pay down the principal instead of paying the lender interest.

It pays to thoroughly understand the different types of mortgages that are out there.

Biweekly Payment Strategy

One tactic homeowners use is biweekly payments. Traditionally, you pay your mortgage once a month. But if you pay it every two weeks – which often aligns with pay schedules – you’ll be making an extra payment every year. That may not sound like much, but it can let you finish your loan term up to six or more years early.

Applying Windfalls Toward Principal

A relatively painless way to prepay principal is to apply any “extra” money you get – like a work bonus or an unexpected bequest – toward your principal. If you have a solid emergency fund in place and no higher-interest debts to pay off, this could be a good place to put your money.

The Takeaway

Knowing exactly how mortgage principal, interest, and amortization schedules work can be a powerful tool that can help you pay off your mortgage principal faster and save you a lot of money on interest in the process.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What is the mortgage principal amount?

The mortgage principal is the amount you borrow from a mortgage lender and must pay back. It is not the same as your mortgage payment. Your mortgage payment will include both principal and interest, as well as any escrow payments you need to make.

How do you pay off your mortgage principal?

You can pay off your mortgage principal early by paying more than your mortgage payment. Since your mortgage payment is made up of principal and interest, any extra that you pay can be taken directly off the principal – just make sure that your lender knows you want the extra funds applied there. If you never make extra payments, you’ll take the full loan term to pay off your mortgage.

Is it advisable to pay extra principal on a mortgage?

Paying extra on the principal will allow you to build equity, pay off the mortgage faster, and lower your costs on interest. Whether you can fit it in your budget or if you believe there is a better use for your money depends on your personal situation.

What is the difference between mortgage principal and interest?

Mortgage principal is the amount you borrow from a lender; interest is the amount the lender charges you for borrowing the principal.

Can the mortgage principal be reduced?

When you make extra payments or pay a lump sum to your lender, you can specify that those funds should be applied to your mortgage principal. This will reduce your principal and your interest payments.

Does your monthly principal payment change?

Yes. Since loans are typically amortized, at the beginning of the loan term, most of your monthly payment will be applied toward your interest charges. Over time, that balance will shift as you pay down your mortgage, and principal will be most of each payment that you make closer to the end of your loan. Your decreasing principal amount is sometimes called your outstanding mortgage principal vs. mortgage principal balance.

Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOHL-Q325-035

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Aug
07
2025
What Happens When You Pay Off Your Mortgage?

What Happens When You Pay Off Your Mortgage?

By | Family Finances, Home Ownership, mortgage | Comments Off on What Happens When You Pay Off Your Mortgage?

What happens when you pay off your mortgage? You may have some paperwork and account switching (such as property taxes) to take care of. And you may look forward to greater cash flow.

But is paying off a mortgage always the right move? In some cases, a person who is about to pay off a mortgage may want to consider a couple of options that might make more sense for their particular financial situation.

Learn more about the payoff path and alternatives here.

Key Points

•   Paying off a mortgage early eliminates monthly payments and saves on the total interest you pay for the loan.

•   Any remaining funds in escrow are returned to the homeowner after payoff.

•   Homeowners must take on responsibility for property taxes and homeowners insurance previously handled by the lender.

•   If you’re wondering “should I pay off my mortgage early?” assess your financial situation carefully – it’s not the best option for everyone.

•   Homeowners should plan for ways to use the money freed up by paying off their mortgage, such as paying off other debts or boosting their emergency fund.

Should I Pay Off My Mortgage Early?

Paying off your mortgage is a fantastic milestone to reach, but it’s not without trade-offs. Here are a few considerations to help you make the best decision for your situation.

Pros of Paying Off a Mortgage

 Cons of Paying Off a Mortgage
No monthly payment There may be prepayment penalties
No more interest paid to the lender Your cash is all tied up in your home’s equity
More cash in your pocket each month If you pay extra to pay off your home, you may miss out on investment strategies
You’ll need less income in retirement Lost opportunities for other uses for your money
Greatly reduced risk of foreclosure No tax deduction for mortgage interest, if you’re among the few who still take the deduction


Pros of Paying Off Mortgage Early

The upsides of paying off your mortgage early may seem obvious. You won’t need to make that monthly payment any longer, which can free up cash. You’ll save much of the interest you would have paid over the life of your home loan. And you’ll be reducing the amount of money you’ll need during your retirement, which is good planning. Plus, with no mortgage, you’ll be minimizing your risk of foreclosure.

Cons of Paying Off Mortgage Early

There are potential negatives, as well. If you’re making extra payments, you may miss out on investment opportunities and alternative uses for your money, and after you pay off your mortgage, much of your cash will be tied up in your home equity. Additionally, if you’re paying the loan off early, there may be prepayment penalties, depending on the terms of your mortgage. And once you’ve paid off your mortgage, you won’t be able to deduct your mortgage insurance from your taxes, if you’re someone who took advantage of that option.



💡 Quick Tip: Thinking of using a mortgage broker? That person will try to help you save money by finding the best loan offers you are eligible for. But if you deal directly with an online mortgage lender, you won’t have to pay a mortgage broker’s commission, which is usually based on the mortgage amount.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

What Happens After You Pay Off Your Mortgage?

Here’s how mortgage payoff works:

•   To find out the amount you need to pay off your mortgage, the first thing you need to do is request a mortgage payoff letter. If you pay the amount on your last statement, you won’t have the right amount. A mortgage payoff letter will include the appropriate fees and the amount of interest through the day you’re planning to pay the loan off.

•   Know that the payoff letter is only good for a set amount of time, and make sure to get your payment in on time.

•   Follow the instructions you’re given about where and how to submit the payment.

•   Once you’ve sent the payoff amount, your mortgage lender is responsible for sending you and the county recorder documentation to release the mortgage and lien on your home.

•   You should be sent any funds remaining in escrow.

•   You will want to contact your insurance company about this change if you paid your lender for your homeowners insurance along with your mortgage payment and have the bills switched over to you directly.

•   If your property taxes were paid as part of your mortgage payment, you will want to contact your local tax authority about shifting those bills to you as well.

What Documents Do You Get After Paying Off a Mortgage?

After paying off your mortgage, you should receive (or have access to) documents proving you paid off the mortgage and no longer have a lien attached to your home.

Mortgage Payoff Statement

As noted earlier, when you’re thinking about paying off your mortgage, you can request a payoff letter that will detail the exact amount you need to pay off your mortgage, what it covers, and when it’s due. If you decide to follow through, your lender may send you a payoff statement showing that your loan has been paid in full.

As further evidence that your mortgage has been satisfied, you may receive your canceled promissory note. This is your promise to pay your mortgage, and you signed it when you closed on your home. Now that your mortgage has been satisfied, you may receive this document back with a “canceled” or “paid in full” marked on it, though it’s also possible you may have to call and request the document.

Satisfaction of Mortgage or Release of Lien

This is an official, signed document that your lender will prepare to confirm that you have fulfilled the conditions of the mortgage and the lender no longer has any claim to the property. Typically, this document will be filed with the county recorder (or other applicable recording agency) by the lender. It details the mortgage and states that the mortgage has been satisfied and the lien released. Ideally, you should receive notification from the filing authority once the document has been filed. Having this document on file can help expedite things if you later want to sell your home, for example.

What Should You Do After Paying Off Your Mortgage?

After you pay off your mortgage, you’ll need to take care of a few housekeeping items, as mentioned earlier.

Update Your Records and Insurance

You may be wondering what do you pay after your mortgage is paid off? Now that you have full title to your home, you’ll need to take on a few responsibilities your lender may have handled. Your lender will send you any remaining funds from your escrow account. But you’ll need to take care of the items funded through your escrow account, usually your taxes and homeowners insurance. Contact your tax authority to make sure you’ll get its messages going forward, and reach out to your insurance company to let it know of the change as well.

Plan for Ongoing Property Expenses

Without that escrow account, you’ll need to start budgeting for ongoing property expenses, including your property taxes and homeowners insurance. Fortunately, those costs will probably be far lower than the mortgage premiums you’ve been paying, so just be sure you budget in advance to cover them. As for other ongoing costs, like maintenance and utilities, you’ve likely been paying those while you’ve had your mortgage, but now you may want to budget for larger projects or additions to your home. It’s wise to make plans for that freed-up cash, whether it’s paying off other debts, shoring up your emergency fund, adding to your retirement fund, or building a garage. Cash you don’t make plans for has a way of slipping away.

Recommended: 2025 Home Loan Help Center

Is Prepaying a Good Idea?

Generally, paying off your mortgage early is a great idea. It reduces the principal, which in turn reduces the amount you’ll pay in interest over the life of your loan. Still, there are reasons that some homeowners consider not paying their mortgage off early.

Most lenders do not charge a prepayment penalty, but home loans signed before January 10, 2014, may include one. Some conventional mortgage loans (especially nonconforming loans) signed on or after that date may have a prepayment penalty that applies within the first three years of repayment. (The different types of mortgage loans include conforming and nonconforming conventional mortgages.)

The best way to find out if prepayment is subject to a penalty is to call your mortgage servicer. The terms of your mortgage paperwork should also outline whether or not you have a prepayment penalty.

Should You Refinance Instead?

Another option you might consider is refinancing your mortgage. There are several reasons you may want to refinance instead of paying off your mortgage.

Lower monthly payment. Getting a lower rate or different loan term may lower your monthly payment without requiring as much cash as a payoff. Be sure to check out current rates, and use a mortgage calculator to find out what a possible new payment would be.

Shorter mortgage term. Refinancing a 30-year mortgage to, say, a 15-year mortgage can keep you close to paying off your mortgage while also providing financial flexibility. Note that your monthly payments may increase, though you’ll likely save money in interest over the long term.

Spare cash. Whatever your need is — home renovations, college funding, paying off higher-interest debt — a cash-out refinance might be an option.



💡 Quick Tip: Compared to credit cards and other unsecured loans, you can usually get a lower interest rate with a cash-out refinance loan.

The Takeaway

What happens when you pay off your mortgage? After doing a jig in the living room, you’ll need to take care of a few housekeeping tasks and make plans for the extra money.

An alternative to consider: Would a refinance to a shorter term make more sense, or pulling cash out with a cash-out refi? It can be wise to review all your options as you move toward taking this major financial step.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Is paying off your mortgage a good idea?

The answer depends on your individual situation. If you have the money and you’d love to shed that monthly obligation for good, paying off a mortgage can be a good idea. But if you’re worried about funding your retirement or losing opportunities to invest, paying off your mortgage may not be a good idea for you.

What do you do after you pay off your mortgage?

Ensure that you have received your canceled promissory note, and update your property tax and insurance billers on where to bill you. And remember what you do need to pay after your mortgage is paid off: Since you no longer will have a mortgage servicing company, you must pay your insurance and property taxes yourself.

Is it better to pay off a mortgage before you retire?

Paying off a mortgage could give you more money to work with in retirement. But if your retirement accounts need a boost, most financial experts contend that allocating money there is a better idea than paying off your mortgage. Paying off a mortgage when you have low cash reserves can also put you at risk.

Does paying off your mortgage early affect your credit score?

Surprisingly, paying off your mortgage early won’t affect your credit score much. Your credit score has already taken into account the years of full, on-time payments you made each month.

What documents prove your mortgage is paid off?

When you’ve paid off your mortgage, your lender will send you a number of documents indicating that your mortgage is paid off. These may include a mortgage statement showing your obligations were paid in full and/or a canceled promissory note. Additionally, the lender should have filed a satisfaction of mortgage or release of lien with your county recorder’s office. While you should keep all documentation pertaining to your mortgage payoff, if you haven’t, you may be able to request a copy from your county recorder.

Photo credit: iStock/katleho Seisa


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOHL-Q325-027

Read more
Jul
31
2025
Property Tax and Your Mortgage: Everything You Need to Know

Is Property Tax Included in Mortgage Payments?

By | Home Ownership, mortgage | Comments Off on Is Property Tax Included in Mortgage Payments?

As you explore your home loan options, you may wonder, “Is property tax included in mortgage payments?” Typically it is, often along with insurance. Though many mortgage calculators don’t include property tax in their estimates, it is likely that expense will be rolled into your mortgage payment.

Having your property tax included in your mortgage is convenient, but it’s not the only way to pay taxes. Read on to learn more about paying property taxes and your mortgage.

Key Points

•   Property taxes are typically included in mortgage payments, often alongside homeowners insurance.

•   Many mortgage calculators do not account for property tax, although it is usually part of the mortgage payment.

•   Property taxes fund local services such as schools, police, and road maintenance.

•   Typically, a homebuyer pays money for property taxes with their monthly mortgage payments and the funds are put into an escrow account from which the mortgage servicer pays the bill when it’s due.

•   If a mortgage is paid off, the homeowner must manage property tax payments directly.

What Are Property Taxes?

Property taxes are taxes paid on real property owned by an individual or entity. Property taxes are based on an assessed property value and are paid whether or not the property is used. When you become a new homeowner, you’ll pay property taxes for the first time.

The money you pay will be put to use toward the local school system, police and fire departments, sanitation, road work, and other services.


💡 Quick Tip: SoFi’s mortgage loan experience means a simple application — we even offer an on-time close guarantee. We’ve made $9.4+ billion in home loans, so we know what makes homebuyers happy.‡

Why Do You Need to Pay Property Taxes?

Local governments rely on property taxes as a revenue source. About 75% of local funding from tax collections come from property taxes.

As noted above, property taxes pay for government services like schools, roads, law enforcement, and emergency services. If you have a mortgage, a portion of your payment will generally go into your escrow account to be paid when your taxes come due.

How Are Property Taxes Paid?

Every month you’ll pay one-twelfth of your tax payment into an escrow account, if you have one, and most loans do.

When it’s time to pay taxes, a notice will be sent to your mortgage servicer. You’ll likely see one in the mail, too, but your mortgage servicer is the one responsible for paying your property taxes. (A review of your mortgage statements should reflect that you are paying these taxes.)

When are property taxes included in mortgages? Usually, but if you make a down payment of 20% or more on a conventional loan, your lender may waive the escrow requirement if you request it. USDA and FHA mortgages do not allow borrowers to close their escrow accounts. If you own your home outright, you’ll pay taxes on your own.

How to Calculate Property Tax

Property tax is calculated by your local taxing entity. The methods and rates for calculating property taxes vary widely around the country. In general, your property is assessed and you pay taxes as a percentage of that value. (Keep in mind that the assessed value may be different from the market value.)

To get the amount of taxes you will pay, multiply the assessed value of your home by the tax rate. Some states allow for an exemption to reduce the taxable value. Florida, for example, offers a homestead exemption of up to $50,000 on a primary residence.

If your home was assessed at $400,000, and the property tax rate is 0.62%, you would pay $2,480 in property taxes ($400,000 x 0.0062 = $2,480).

If you qualify for a $50,000 exemption, you would subtract that from the assessed value, then multiply the new amount by the property tax rate.

$400,000 – $50,000 = $350,000
$350,000 x 0.0062 = $2,170

With an exemption of $50,000, you would owe $2,170 in property taxes on a $400,000 house.

Property Tax Rate

The property tax rate is determined by the local taxing authority and is adjusted each year. In general, taxing entities aim to collect a similar amount as in the prior year. If property values go up, the effective tax rate might go down a little. You will receive a notice in the mail informing you of the new rate.

Factors That Can Affect Property Tax Rates

Local government bodies set property tax rates in their areas, depending in large part upon their funding needs. If you live in a city or county that invests heavily in its educational system, you might pay a higher rate than you would in an area that doesn’t prioritize excellent schools, for example. What’s more, some states have higher income taxes or other taxes that may be used to help fund local services, in which case the property taxes may be lower.

What you will pay is also affected by the assessed value of your property (which is not necessarily the same as your home’s market value).

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Does a Mortgage Include Property Tax?

Property taxes will be listed on your mortgage statements if you have an escrow account for homeowners insurance and property taxes. (When you’re shopping for a home loan, whether you’ll need an escrow account is one of many mortgage questions to ask a lender.)

The mortgage servicer deposits the portion of your mortgage payment meant for taxes in the escrow account. When your tax bill is due, the servicer will pay it.

Understanding Escrow Accounts

In general, an escrow account is an account in which a third party holds funds to fulfill a contract when certain conditions are met. In the context of your mortgage, what this means is that many lenders set up an escrow account out of which they pay your homeowners insurance and property tax bills. They do this to make sure these bills get paid and protect their investment. There are strict rules about how much they can collect (typically 1/12 the cost of your yearly insurance and tax bill, if you are up to date on your payments) and how the escrow account is administered.


💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show the real estate agent proof that you’re preapproved for a mortgage. SoFi’s online application makes the process simple.

What Happens to Property Tax If You Pay Off Your Mortgage?

If you pay off your mortgage, your property tax stays the same. The difference is that you no longer have a mortgage servicer administering the escrow account for you. If you do have money left in your escrow account, it will be refunded to you once the mortgage is paid off.

Now that you no longer have an escrow account, you need to contact the taxing entity and have the tax bill sent directly to you to pay.

Recommended: How to Afford a Down Payment on Your First Home

What if You Can’t Afford Property Tax?

If you’ve paid off your house or have closed your escrow account, you may feel the full force of ever-increasing property taxes. This is particularly true for older adults on a fixed income.

The trouble with not paying your property taxes is that your taxing entity can place a lien against your property or even start foreclosure proceedings. You do have several options to explore if you’re having trouble with your property taxes.

•   Payment options. Your locality may be open to establishing a payment system for collecting your taxes. There are also relief programs you may be eligible for.

•   Challenge your home’s assessed value. Since your taxes are based on your home’s assessed value, you can challenge it to potentially reduce your taxes. You generally need to do this soon after you receive your tax bill. You have to show that the assessed value of your home is inaccurate or unfair.

•   Talk to a HUD housing counselor. A housing counselor can point you in the direction of programs that can reduce your tax bill or offer some other relief, such as a deferral or payment plan. They can also help you find mortgage relief programs, should you need them.

The Takeaway

Are property taxes included in a mortgage? With most home loans, yes. Typically, you pay one-twelfth of the amount owed every month into escrow, and your servicer is then responsible for paying the property tax bill for you. Property taxes are a significant part of your home-buying budget, so be sure to include them in your budget as you work towards securing a mortgage.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What is included in my monthly mortgage payment?

What exactly is included in your monthly mortgage payment can vary, but typically it includes principal, interest, property taxes, homeowners insurance, and any mortgage insurance.

Is it better to pay your monthly tax with your mortgage?

It’s certainly more convenient to have your tax included in your mortgage payment. For the duration of your mortgage you won’t have to worry about your taxes being paid or coming up with a large payment when they come due. On the other hand, if you would rather manage the tax payment yourself, you may be able to cancel your escrow account and pay the taxes on your own.

How do I know if my property taxes are included in my mortgage?

You can check your monthly mortgage statement or closing documents if you’re a new homeowner. For most types of loans, taxes are included in your mortgage payment.

Do you pay property tax monthly?

The monthly mortgage payment you send usually includes a share of the annual property tax bill that your mortgage servicer will pay. If you pay your taxes directly, you’ll pay them annually or semiannually.

What happens if you miss a property tax payment?

If you miss a property tax payment to your tax authority, there will be a lien on your property, making it more difficult to sell. Ultimately, if the situation is not resolved, you could lose your home, though that may take as long as one to three years.

Photo credit: iStock/MStudioImages


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


‡SoFi On-Time Close Guarantee: If all conditions of the Guarantee are met, and your loan does not close on or before the closing date on your purchase contract accepted by SoFi, and the delay is due to SoFi, SoFi will give you a credit toward closing costs or additional expenses caused by the delay in closing of up to $10,000.^ The following terms and conditions apply. This Guarantee is available only for loan applications submitted after 04/01/2024. Please discuss terms of this Guarantee with your loan officer. The mortgage must be a purchase transaction that is approved and funded by SoFi. This Guarantee does not apply to loans to purchase bank-owned properties or short-sale transactions. To qualify for the Guarantee, you must: (1) Sign up for access to SoFi’s online portal and upload all requested documents, (2) Submit documents requested by SoFi within 5 business days of the initial request and all additional doc requests within 2 business days (3) Submit an executed purchase contract on an eligible property with the closing date at least 25 calendar days from the receipt of executed Intent to Proceed and receipt of credit card deposit for an appraisal (30 days for VA loans; 40 days for Jumbo loans), (4) Lock your loan rate and satisfy all loan requirements and conditions at least 5 business days prior to your closing date as confirmed with your loan officer, and (5) Pay for and schedule an appraisal within 48 hours of the appraiser first contacting you by phone or email. This Guarantee will not be paid if any delays to closing are attributable to: a) the borrower(s), a third party, the seller or any other factors outside of SoFi control; b) if the information provided by the borrower(s) on the loan application could not be verified or was inaccurate or insufficient; c) attempting to fulfill federal/state regulatory requirements and/or agency guidelines; d) or the closing date is missed due to acts of God outside the control of SoFi. SoFi may change or terminate this offer at any time without notice to you. *To redeem the Guarantee if conditions met, see documentation provided by loan officer.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOHL-Q325-024

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Jul
31
2025

What Is a Roth 401(k)?

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Life & Career, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on What Is a Roth 401(k)?

A Roth 401(k) is a type of retirement plan that may be offered by your employer. You contribute money from your paychecks directly to a Roth 401(k) to help save for retirement.

A Roth 401(k) is somewhat similar to a traditional 401(k), but the potential tax benefits are different.

Here’s what you need to know to understand how Roth 401(k)s work and to decide if it may be the right type of retirement account for you.

Key Points

•   Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made with after-tax dollars, generally allowing tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

•   Withdrawals are penalty-free if the account is open for at least five years and the individual is 59 1/2 or older.

•   Employers can now match contributions directly into a Roth 401(k), rather than into a separate traditional 401(k) due to the SECURE Act 2.0.

•   Catch-up contributions are available for those 50 and older, with higher limits in 2025 for individuals ages 60 to 63.

•   As of 2024, required minimum distributions (RMDs) are no longer required for Roth 401(k)s.

Roth 401(k) Definition

A Roth 401(k) combines some of the features of a traditional 401(k) plan and a Roth IRA.

Like a traditional 401(k), a Roth 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement account. Your employer may offer to match some of your Roth 401(k) contributions.

Like a Roth IRA, contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made using after-tax dollars, which means income tax is paid upfront on the money you contribute.

History and Purpose of the Roth 401(k)

The Roth 401(k) was first offered in 2006 as a provision of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001. Modeled after the Roth IRA, the Roth 401(k) was created to give employees an employer-sponsored investment savings plan that allowed them to save for retirement with after-tax dollars. Employees with a Roth 401(k) pay taxes on their contributions when they make them and withdraw their money tax-free in retirement, as long as the account has been funded for at least five years.

Originally, the Roth 401(k) was due to expire at the end of 2010, but the Pension Protection Act of 2006 made it permanent.

How a Roth 401(k) Works

Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are typically made directly and automatically from your paycheck. As mentioned above, your contributions are taxed at the time you contribute them, and you pay income taxes on them. In general, your money grows in the account tax-free and withdrawals in retirement are also tax-free, as long as the account has been open at least five years.

Differences Between a Roth 401(k) and a Traditional 401(k)

While a Roth 401(k) shares some similarities to a traditional 401(k), there are some differences between the two plans that you should be aware of. When it comes to 401(k) vs Roth 401(k), these are the differences:

•   Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made with after-tax dollars and you pay taxes on them upfront. With a traditional 401(k), your contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, and you pay taxes on them later.

•   With a Roth 401(k), your take-home pay is a little less because you’re paying taxes on your contributions now. With a traditional 401(k), your contributions are taken before taxes.

•   Your money generally grows tax-free in a Roth 401(k). And in retirement, you withdraw it tax-free, as long as the account is at least five years old and you are at least 59 ½. With a traditional 401(k), you pay taxes on your withdrawals in retirement at your ordinary income tax rate.

•   You can start withdrawing your Roth 401(k) money at age 59 ½ without penalty or taxes. However, you must have had the account for at least five years. With a traditional 401(k), you can withdraw your money at age 59 ½. There is no 5-year rule for a traditional 401(k).

Recommended: IRA vs 401(k)

How Employer Matching Works in a Roth 401(k)

Roth 401(k)s are typically matched by employers at the same rate as traditional 401(k)s plans. Your employer may match your Roth 401(k) contributions up to a certain amount or percentage, depending on the employer and the plan.

Historically, matching contributions for employees with a Roth 401(k) had to be put into a separate traditional 401(k). But because of the SECURE Act 2.0, this changed in 2023. Now employers have the option to make matching contributions directly into an employee’s Roth 401(k).

There are two main methods employers typically use to match employees’ Roth 401(k) contributions:

•   Partial matching: This is when the employer matches part of an employee’s contribution, usually up to a particular percentage of their salary, such as $0.50 for every employee dollar contributed up to 6% of the employee’s salary.

•   Dollar-for-dollar matching: In this case, the employer matches the employee’s contributions 100%, typically up to a certain percentage of the employee’s salary.

It’s important to note that not all employers offer Roth 401(k) matching. Those who do offer it may have certain stipulations. For example, employees may be required to contribute a specific minimum amount to their Roth 401(k) for the employer match to kick in. Check with your Roth 401(k) plan documents or your HR department to find out about your employer’s policy for matching contributions.

Roth 401(k) Contribution Limits

A Roth 401(k) and a traditional 401(k) share the same contribution limits. Both plans allow for the same catch-up contributions for those 50 and older (learn more about catch-up contributions below).

Here are the 2025 contribution limits for each type of plan.

Roth 401(k) Traditional 401(k)
2025 contribution limit for those under age 50) $23,500 $23,500
2025 standard catch-up contribution limit for individuals age 50 and up $7,500 $7,500
2025 contribution limit for those 50 and older with standard catch-up $31,000 $31,000
2025 enhanced catch-up contribution limit for those ages 60 to 63 due to SECURE 2.0 $11,250 $11,250
2025 contribution limit for those ages 60 to 63, per SECURE 2.0 $34,750 $34,750
2025 contribution limit for employee and employer contributions combined $70,000
$77,500 with standard catch-up
$81,250 with enhanced Secure 2.0 catch-up		 $70,000
$77,500 with standard catch-up
$81,250 with enhanced Secure 2.0 catch-up

Catch-Up Contributions for Those 50 and Older

Individuals who are age 50 and up have the opportunity to make catch-up contributions to a Roth 401(k). Catch-up contributions are additional money individuals can contribute to their Roth 401(k) beyond the standard yearly limit.

So, in 2025, if you contribute the standard annual limit of $23,500 to your Roth 401(k), you have the option of contributing an additional $7,500 for the year — for a total of $31,000, as long as you are age 50 or older. And if you are aged 60 to 63, in 2025, you can take advantage of enhanced SECURE 2.0 catch-up contributions of $11,250 instead of $7,500, for a total of $34,750.

Just like the standard contributions you make to a Roth 401(k), when you make catch-up contributions to your account, you also use after-tax dollars. That means you can withdraw the money tax-free in retirement.

Making catch-up contributions is one important factor to consider when you’re thinking about how to manage your 401(k), especially as you get closer to retirement.

Roth 401(k) Withdrawal Rules

A Roth 401(k) has certain withdrawal rules, including the 5-year rule. Under this rule, an individual can start taking tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals from a Roth 401(k) at age 59 ½ only when they’ve had the account for at least five years.

This means that if you open a Roth 401(k) at age 56, you can’t take tax- or penalty-free withdrawals of your earnings at age 59 ½ the way you can with a traditional 401(k). Instead, you’d have to wait until age 61, when your Roth 401(k) is five years old.

Early Withdrawal Rules

There are some exceptions to the withdrawal rules. For example, it’s possible to take early withdrawals — meaning withdrawals taken before age 59 ½ or from an account that’s less than five years old — from a Roth 401(k) without taxes and penalties, if an individual is disabled or passes away.

Other early withdrawals may be taken as well, but they are subject to taxes and a 10% penalty. However, you may not owe taxes and penalties on the entire amount, only on the earnings.

Here’s how it typically works: You can withdraw as much as you’ve contributed to a Roth 401(k) without paying taxes or penalties because your contributions were made with after-tax dollars. In other words, you’ve already paid taxes on them. Any earnings you withdraw, though, are subject to taxes and penalties, and you’ll owe tax proportional to your earnings.

For example, if you have $150,000 in a Roth 401(k) and $130,000 of that amount is contributions and $20,000 is earnings, those $20,0000 in earnings are taxable gains, and they represent 13.3% of the account. Therefore, if you took an early withdrawal of $30,000, you would owe taxes on 13.3% of the amount to account for the gains, which is $3,990.


💡 Quick Tip: How much does it cost to set up an IRA? Often there are no fees to open an IRA online, but you typically pay investment costs for the securities in your portfolio.

Roth 401(k) RMDs

Previously, individuals with a Roth 401(k) had to take required minimum distributions (RMDs) starting at age 73 (the age for RMDs was raised from 72 to 73 in 2023, thanks to SECURE 2.0). However, in 2024, as a stipulation of SECURE 2.0, RMDs were eliminated for Roth accounts in employer retirement plans.

By comparison, traditional 401(k)s still require taking RMDs starting at age 73.

Pros and Cons of a Roth 401(k)

A Roth 401(k) has advantages, but there are drawbacks to the plan as well. Here are some pros and cons to consider:

Pros

You can make tax-free withdrawals in retirement with a Roth 401(k).
This can be an advantage if you expect to be in a higher tax bracket when you retire, since you’ll pay taxes on your Roth 401(k) contributions upfront when you’re in a lower tax bracket. Your money grows tax-free in the account.

There are no longer RMDs for a Roth 401(k).
Because of the SECURE 2.0 Act, required minimum distributions are no longer required for Roth 401(k)s as of 2024. With a traditional 401(k), you must take RMDs starting at age 73.

Early withdrawals of contributions in a Roth 401(k) are not taxed.
Because you’ve already paid taxes on your contributions, you can withdraw those contributions early without paying a penalty or taxes. However, if you withdraw earnings before age 59 ½, you will be subject to taxes on them.

Cons

Your Roth 401(k) account must be open for at least five years for penalty-free withdrawals.
Otherwise you may be subject to taxes and a 10% penalty on any earnings you withdraw if the account is less than five years old. This is something to consider if you are an older investor.

A Roth 401(k) will reduce your paycheck now.
Your take home pay will be smaller because you pay taxes on your contributions to a Roth 401(k) upfront. This could be problematic if you have many financial obligations or you’re struggling to pay your bills.

Recommended: What Happens to Your 401(k) If You Leave Your Job?

Is a Roth 401(k) Right for You?

If you expect to be in a higher tax bracket when you retire, a Roth 401(k) may be right for you. It might make sense to pay taxes on the account now, while you are making less money and in a lower tax bracket.

However, if you expect to be in a lower tax bracket in retirement, a traditional 401(k) might be a better choice since you’ll pay the taxes on withdrawals in retirement.

Your age can play a role as well. A Roth 401(k) might make sense for a younger investor, who is likely to be earning less now than they may be later in their careers. That’s something to keep in mind as you choose a retirement plan to help reach your future financial goals.

The Takeaway

Participating in a Roth 401(k) through your employer can help you save for retirement. Employees make contributions using after-tax dollars, and the money can be withdrawn tax-free in retirement. Your employer may match your contributions, which is essentially free money.

Of course, a Roth or traditional 401(k) isn’t the only way to save for retirement. Along with an employer-sponsored account, you might want to boost your savings with an IRA or a brokerage account, for instance. Whatever type of accounts you choose, the important thing is to have a retirement savings strategy in place to help make your post-working life as comfortable as possible.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help build your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

🛈 While SoFi does not offer 401(k) plans at this time, we do offer a range of individual retirement accounts (IRAs).

FAQ

How is a Roth 401(k) taken out of a paycheck?

Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are automatically deducted from your paycheck. Because contributions are made with after-tax dollars, meaning you pay taxes on them upfront, your paycheck will be lower.

What is the 5-year rule for a Roth 401(k)?

According to the 5-year rule for a Roth 401(k), the account must have been open for at least five years in order for an investor to take qualified withdrawals of their Roth 401(k) earnings at age 59 ½ without being subject to taxes and a 10% penalty.

What happens to a Roth 401(k) when you quit?

When you quit a job, you can either keep your Roth 401(k) with your former employer, transfer it to a new Roth 401(k) with your new employer, or roll it over into a Roth IRA.

There are some factors to consider when choosing which option to take. For instance, if you leave the plan with your former employer, you can no longer contribute to it. If you are able to transfer your Roth 401(k) to a plan offered by your new employer, your money will be folded into the new plan and you will choose from the investment options offered by that plan. If you roll over your Roth 401(k) into a Roth IRA, you will be in charge of choosing and making investments with your money.

Do I need to report a Roth 401(k) on my taxes?

Because your contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made with after tax dollars and aren’t considered tax deductible, you generally don’t need to report them on your taxes. And when you take qualified distributions from a Roth 401(k) they are not considered taxable income and do not need to be reported on your taxes. However, it’s best to consult with a tax professional about your particular situation.

Can you roll over a Roth 401(k) into a Roth IRA?

Yes, you can roll over a Roth 401(k) into a Roth IRA. You can do this, for example, if you leave your job. Rolling over your Roth 401(k) typically gives you a wider range of investment options to choose from. Roth IRA rollovers can be complicated, however, so you may want to consult a tax professional to make sure you don’t incur any unexpected tax situations.

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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOIN-Q325-058

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Jul
08
2025

Calculating If It’s Cheaper To Drive Or Fly Somewhere

By | Budgeting & Goals, money | Comments Off on Calculating If It’s Cheaper To Drive Or Fly Somewhere

Maybe you are heading up the California coast to visit Yosemite, or perhaps there’s an out-of-town wedding coming up that you can’t miss. You may be wondering whether it makes more sense to drive to your destination or fly and which is kinder on your wallet. There are a variety of factors to consider, such as how quickly you need to get where you are going; how expensive airfare is vs. a rental car and hotel room; and more.
So before you start booking flights for a getaway or thinking about tuning up your car for a roadtrip, take a look at whether it’s cheaper to fly or drive. Here’s how to size up the cost.

Key Points

•   The type of trip you’re taking, the number of people traveling, and the length of the trip can help determine whether it’s cheaper to drive or fly.

•   Financial considerations for driving include gas, hotels, meals, and car maintenance.

•   Flying costs include ticket prices, seating, luggage fees, and airport transportation costs.

•   Driving allows time to sightsee and take side trips; flying can save time.

•   For trips under 600 miles, driving is often more economical and practical. For longer trips, flying may be cheaper.

Pros and Cons of Driving vs Flying

It can be easy to assume that the main benefit of flying is saving time and the main advantage of driving is saving money. However, it’s not quite so simple. In fact, the pros and cons of driving vs. flying depend on the type of trip you’re taking, your priorities, and your personal preferences. Here’s a look at some of the factors worth weighing.

Pros of Driving

As you’re thinking about driving vs. flying, there are plenty of good reasons to get behind the wheel rather than head to the airport.

•   When it comes to the “is driving cheaper than flying” question, the answer is often yes! It can be significantly cheaper to travel by car than by air, especially if you’re going with a large group of people. After all, six people flying to Vegas will each need their own ticket, but they can all pile into the same minivan.

•   Also, will you need a car when you get to your destination? If you’re going to, say, spend a week at a national park that’s a two-hour flight from home, it might be less costly to drive there. That way, you don’t need to rent a vehicle as well as buy plane tickets so the money you need to save in a travel fund could be a lower amount.

•   When considering the flying vs. driving conundrum, it’s worth noting that traveling by car can have other benefits beyond saving money. You can easily indulge in some sightseeing. Traveling by car offers flexibility so you can see the sights you want, whether that’s a quick detour through a national forest on your way across the country or planning a route that takes you from the Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., to the National Blues Museum in St. Louis, to the Buffalo Bill Museum in Colorado. You can have fun and create memories while saving money on family travel too.

•   Driving also means you can more easily access any type of food your heart desires, not just what’s available in the airport. Some people even plan their road trip routes to go through foodie cities — whether that means enchiladas and sopapillas in Santa Fe or pierogies in Pittsburgh — around dinner time to take advantage of local restaurants. (Of course, making smart choices about where to stop and what to order is one way to save money on a road trip.)

•   Driving is likely more comfortable than being constrained to an airplane seat. If you’re six foot six and aren’t interested in spending five hours with your knees touching your chin, you might be more inclined to ride out a trip in the car — where you can stop to stretch as often as you need.

•   If you’re traveling with a pet, such as a large dog, a car could be more comfortable for both of you as well.

One other benefit? Science shows us that the anticipation that builds in advance of a trip may lead to a happiness boost before the trip and could even help you enjoy the vacation more. That means that a long drive to get to your vacation destination might make the trip even sweeter when you finally do arrive.

Cons of Driving

Let’s be honest, though: When thinking about driving vs. flying, hitting the road has its downsides, too, however.

•   One of the more significant disadvantages, of course, is that you can’t just sit back and relax while you’re driving — you’re the one responsible for making sure the car gets there safely.

•   It also can take more work to plan a trip, as you have to choose what route you’ll take, where you’ll stay, and whether you’ll be hitting drive-throughs from California to New York or making reservations at noteworthy restaurants along your route. If you don’t do that prep work, you may end up piling into any motel you can find and grabbing food at any dingy rest stop. Nothing like driving for hours with greasy fast-food bags stinking up your car with stale french fry smell, right?

•   There’s also the consideration of the cost of gas and wear and tear to your car — though there are, of course, steps you can take to increase mileage and save money on gas. When you get on the road, you are risking a flat tire or worse, so it’s worth thinking about how you’d handle a roadside emergency. You also need to bring your A game and alertness for a long-haul trip.

•   And we can’t forget one of the main reasons many people choose to fly vs. drive: it takes a whole lot longer to drive than to fly. Think about cruising cross-country by car versus hopping a red-eye from Los Angeles to New York: One takes days, the other takes hours.

Pros of Flying

Booking a plane ticket is often the best option when deciding whether flying vs. driving is the best way to travel.

•   It’s faster — a whole lot faster! If you’re taking a business trip to attend a crucial half-day meeting in another city, your highest priority might be the speed of flying in and out. That time-saving advantage is one of the biggest pros when it comes to choosing to fly. A trip that could take days of driving might only take hours in the air.

•   Air travel can be more relaxing. You’re free to close your eyes and snooze away the hours until you arrive at your final destination. There’s no question of what route to take, where to stop, and when you’ll leave and arrive — the airline has that all figured out for you. You can take off from New York and wake up in L.A. ready to roll, without the exhaustion of a multi-day road trip holding you back.

•   Flying can be cheaper than driving. How, you ask? If your road trip involves an overnight stay at a hotel, it might tip the car travel into more expensive territory. Plus, you’ll save money on eating out. The driving vs. flying cost might wind up surprising you!

Cons of Flying

Of course, there are downsides to flying to consider.

•   You’ll pay a premium in exchange for a speedy arrival and the convenience of flying. It is often more expensive to fly than to drive — possibly a lot more expensive. And if you are traveling with your squad or family, that price differential will be magnified.

Sometimes, on short flights, the time differential between flying and driving isn’t that much. If you’re thinking of taking a 60-minute flight versus a five-hour drive, it might be a wash when you think about getting to the airport, going through security, waiting to board, retrieving your luggage…you might actually be better off driving in terms of time invested.

•   You might also have to sacrifice a little personal space and dignity when flying. Airplane seats can be a tight squeeze, and more and more people are packed onto flights. This means that you can pretty much count on being kind of uncomfortable while you engage in a silent but cutthroat battle with your seatmate over who gets to use the single armrest.

•   And if you’re a nervous flier, the anxiety of air travel might outweigh the benefit of getting to your destination sooner.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t think too hard about your money. Automate your budgeting, saving, and spending with SoFi’s seamless and secure mobile banking app.

Is It Cheaper to Fly or Drive?

For many people, the factor of whether it’s cheaper to fly or drive will determine how they travel. While you may be tempted to merely compare ticket prices to gas prices to decide which one is cheaper, don’t forget to take into account extra costs like eating out, luggage fees, and hotel rooms. These can wind up emptying out your checking account rather quickly! Let’s break this down for you in a bit more detail.

Calculating the Cost of Driving

Here are a few travel costs of driving to consider:

•   Gas

•   Hotel rooms

•   Eating out

•   Car maintenance

•   Possibility of having to rent a car if you don’t own one or yours isn’t available

•   Tolls

Hotel Rooms

There is of course a huge price spread in hotel rooms. If you are going to stay in a motel when driving, it will be much more affordable than pulling into a city and staying at a posh hotel where even parking your car can be a considerable expense.

Maybe, however, you could use points from your rewards credit card to book a room, or perhaps you are a frequent guest at a hotel chain and could bring the cost down. These are among the many ways to lower hotel costs.

Opportunity Cost of Time Spent Driving

Another thing to consider is what you lose if you spend more than, say, a day driving. Do you have to take unpaid time off from work? Do you need to hire childcare since your kids are in school while you’re away? Think through the implications before you opt for a long haul on the highway.

Calculating the Cost of Flying

Now, think about the costs associated with flying:

•   Ticket

•   Seating choice

•   Luggage fees

•   Eating out

•   Transportation to and from the airport

•   Airport parking

•   Car rental, if needed

Rental Cars

The cost and availability of a rental car can vary tremendously. If you are renting a car in a small suburb, it likely won’t cost as much as hopping into the driver’s seat over Memorial Day weekend at a major city’s airport. Your destination city, location of car pickup and dropoff, size and style of car, and timing will all matter.

You can scan what rental company or credit card rewards might lower the price if you need to rent a car after a flight.

Accessing Remote Areas

Another factor to consider is where you’re heading to. Not all locations are easily and affordably accessed by plane. For instance, if you are heading to a destination wedding in the Rockies over the summer, you may find that the direct flights that were plentiful and lower-priced during ski season have become sparse, booked-up, and pricier than you expected.

Or you might find that the closest airport is hours away from your destination, so you will be renting a car and driving anyway. That could tip the balance and lead you to decide to drive the whole way vs. flying.

💡 Quick Tip: Bank fees eat away at your hard-earned money. To protect your cash, open a checking account with no account fees online — and earn up to 0.50% APY, too.

A Rule of Thumb for Deciding Which Saves You More Money

As far as rules of thumb, some say for trips of around 600 miles or shorter, it’s wiser to drive.

For longer trips, the value of driving will decline as the distance increases, unless of course you want to experience the pleasures of a road trip and stop off at some other places en route.

Obviously, there are also such variables as whether you are traveling a common and readily available route, such as from New York, New York, to Orlando, Florida, or if you are covering ground between two Western US locations that have infrequent and expensive flights.

Luckily, in this day and age, you don’t need a map and a calculator to figure out which transportation method will be more cost-efficient. You can easily use an online calculator like this one from Travelmath or this
one from BeFrugal to get an idea of how travel costs may compare whether you are driving or flying. Technology is here to help you make the best choice for whatever trip you may be planning. Bon voyage!

SoFi: Better Banking at Home and on the Road

Technology isn’t just making travel-planning better; it’s improving banking too. And at SoFi we use it to bring you smart, seamless, and super-simple ways to manage your money.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Is driving cheaper than flying?

Driving typically costs less than flying, but if you wind up needing to pay for lodging en route, it might not be as good a deal. You can use online tools to compare driving and flying costs for different itineraries.

How much more expensive is flying than driving?

Flying is typically more expensive than driving, but it’s important to consider other factors. For instance, if you fly to your destination, will you then need to rent a car? How far are you traveling? Driving is typically more economical for shorter distances, while flying is often cheaper for longer trips. It can be helpful to use online tools to compare costs and find the best deal for the particular itinerary you have planned.

Is it more energy-efficient to fly or drive?

In recent years, studies have indicated that flying may be better than driving. However, the answer to this question depends on how many people are in your party. When multiple people share a road trip, the emissions per person are lowered. This, in turn, makes driving more environmentally friendly than taking to the skies. But if the choice is flying or driving cross-country solo, you’d be better off with the plane.

Should you drive 5 hours or fly?

If you drive five hours at 60 miles per hour, you will cover about 300 miles. That is considered a fairly short trip and so from a cost perspective, you may well be better off driving.

Is it better to drive 12 hours or fly?

If you drive 12 hours at 60 miles per hour, you will cover about 720 miles. That’s a significant distance, and it will deprive you of a day and a half of productive time, whether that means earning money or taking care of your family. Only you can assess which option makes more sense, based on cost, scheduling, and other factors.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.

1SoFi Bank is a member FDIC and does not provide more than $250,000 of FDIC insurance per depositor per legal category of account ownership, as described in the FDIC’s regulations. Any additional FDIC insurance is provided by the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. Deposits may be insured up to $3M through participation in the program. See full terms at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/sidpterms. See list of participating banks at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/participatingbanks.

^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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