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College application deadlines have a tendency to come up fast. But the process of preparing for college typically begins much earlier than senior year.

Plenty of students prefer to get ready as early as their junior year of high school in an effort to strengthen their eventual college applications (and make the process more manageable).

For those interested in college, some years of high school carry more weight — especially, the junior year. Colleges often look more closely at grades and achievements from this year, since coursework tends to be more challenging and it’s the last full academic year they can view before students apply.

As a result, approaching junior year with a clear action plan may give you a leg up on admission into your dream college. Compiling a junior year of high school checklist can help you tackle this vital year with more drive, confidence, and focus.

Here’s an overview of why junior year of high school is so key and some strategies for staying focused while preparing to apply for college.

Why Junior Year Is Important

Junior year of high school can be especially impactful for strengthening your college application. Since it’s the last school year that universities can look at in full, many admissions committees pay particularly close attention to grades and extracurricular activities from junior year.

The third year of high school can feel overwhelming for a few reasons:

•   Class difficulty levels are often higher than earlier years.

•   Students can begin studying now for the SAT and ACT. (It’s possible to take these exams in the spring of junior year, affording juniors a chance to retake them during the fall of senior year.)

•   Upper-class students can take on numerous extracurriculars and a part-time job.

To help make junior year a lighter lift, it can help to enter into it with a checklist in hand. This can not only relieve stress but lead to more success when college acceptance letters are sent out the next year. What follows are some helpful things to keep in mind to make more out of this critical year.


💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.

Getting Involved in Extracurriculars

To strengthen their college applications, many juniors opt to get more involved with organizations or activities they care deeply about. Being involved in extracurriculars doesn’t have to feel like a chore.

Extracurriculars that might stand out on a college application include clubs, student council, volunteering, athletic endeavors, and more. There’s no one-size-fits-all way for students to be engaged in school or in their communities.

Many high schools host a variety of clubs that students can join. You might choose one or two you’re really passionate about. Participating in a club can serve as a break from hitting the books (all while still fleshing out your college application profile).

Volunteer work is another way to stand out when applying to college. During your junior year, you might seek out a volunteer opportunity with a nonprofit you feel strongly about. Or you might choose a field you hope to work in one day. For instance, if you’re interested in medicine, you might seek out volunteer opportunities in a local hospital.

Staying Focused

To stay organized and focused during your junior year, consider keeping a digital calendar or paper planner. With eight dates available to take the SAT, and ten different dates available to take the ACT, it can be easy for busy students to lose track of when to study for and schedule their standardized tests.

Once you select a test day, it’s a good idea to mark it down on your calendar or planner. You can then work backwards, planning out practice tests and study sessions during the build-up to the testing date.

The simple act of writing things down can make them easier to remember, so some researchers suggest jotting down key dates first in a physical planner before then adding them to a digital device or calendar.

Recommended: ACT vs. SAT: Which Do Colleges Prefer?

Making a Junior Year Checklist

In addition to writing down important dates, you might benefit from making a personalized junior year checklist. Some tasks you could include are:

•   Studying for major tests, like the SAT or ACT

•   Joining extracurricular clubs or organizations

•   Researching different colleges and universities

•   Getting familiar with the format of college applications

Once you draft your checklist, you can then make to-do lists under each subcategory. Use your calendar/planner in tandem with your checklist to stay on top of these goals and deadlines.

Designating a Study Space

Creating a dedicated space for studying can also improve your focus during a jam-packed school year. You might opt to designate a comfy space at home, where you can concentrate on your studies. To make the space both inviting and conducive to working, consider decking it out with school supplies, keeping it clutter-free, and decorating it with inspirational pictures or personal items (like a photo of your dream school).

Remembering to Reward Accomplishments

To keep up your motivation, it’s important to reward major accomplishments during this high-stakes year. Once you’ve scheduled and mapped out important dates and tasks, you might make another list of potential fun rewards for meeting each goal. Aced those finals? Binge on some light TV. Finished the SAT practice exam? Download that new game everyone’s been playing.

Keep in mind that an overly hectic junior year can lead to excess stress and possibly make it harder to accomplish big goals. Carving some time out for regular breaks can help you avoid burnout.

Getting a First Job

Junior year can also be a good time to get your first part-time job. If you can find a job that’s easy to get to and from (and doesn’t distract from academics), work experience can be one more experience to highlight on a college application down the road. Holding a part-time job at a young age demonstrates skills such as time-management and personal responsibility.

Your high school might also offer “work-like” opportunities to upperclassmen, such as working on the school yearbook, interning for credit, or volunteering on or off site.

Recommended: Am I Eligible for Work-Study?

Financing College

Earning admission is just one piece of the going-to-college puzzle. Once accepted, many high schoolers wrestle with how to pay for college.

Some funding options include savings, need-based grants, merit or affinity scholarships, federal student loans, and private student loans.

Some grants, such as Federal Pell Grants, are disbursed by the U.S. government to students with financial need. Grants, unlike loans, do not typically have to be repaid by the student. Scholarships, another source of “free money,” are frequently merit-based, meaning they’re often awarded based on a student’s academic, athletic, or community-based accomplishments. You can find information about scholarships through your high school guidance counselor, the financial aid office at your chosen college, and by using an online scholarship database.

Loans are another common way to help pay for college. There are both federal and private student loans. Federal student loans are issued by the U.S. Department of Education and come with various benefits, including low fixed interest rates, income-driven repayment, and deferment options. Private student loans are funded by banks, credit unions, and online lenders. These loans can have fixed or variable interest rates, and repayment terms vary depending on the lender. Approval for private loans is typically based on the borrower’s credit score and history; students typically need a cosigner.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find more competitive rates on no-fees-required private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

The Takeaway

Junior year isn’t just another grade — it’s a turning point that can play a vital role in shaping your college journey. With your grades, test scores, extracurricular, and leadership roles carrying extra weight this year, planning ahead can give you the chance to stand out when it’s time to apply to college.

Whether it’s prepping for standardized tests, leaning in on extracurricular activities, exploring career interests through volunteering, or researching your funding options, the steps you take this year can open big doors when application season arrives.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Why is the junior year of high school important?

Junior year is often considered a pivotal stage in high school because it’s the last full academic year colleges can evaluate before applications are submitted. This is a time when students are expected to demonstrate academic growth and maturity, often by taking on more challenging coursework. It’s also when students take standardized tests like the SAT or ACT. Strong performance in junior year can give you access to more selective colleges, scholarships, and advanced senior year opportunities.

Does junior year matter in high school?

Yes, junior year matters significantly in high school. Colleges often see it as the most telling year of a student’s academic ability since it reflects performance in challenging upper-level courses. It’s also when extracurricular involvements, leadership roles, and community service can become more meaningful on applications. Since college admissions officers often review transcripts through junior year, strong grades and achievements during this time can make a major difference in future opportunities.

Why is 11th grade the most important year?

Eleventh grade is often considered the most important year because it’s the final full year of grades colleges will see before applications are submitted. Students are typically enrolled in their most challenging courses, giving them a chance to show academic growth. Standardized tests scores, advanced coursework, and extracurricular commitments during this year can help open doors during application season.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Setting financial goals is one of the most important steps you can take toward building a secure and stress-free future. Without clear goals, it’s easy to spend impulsively, fall into debt, or miss out on opportunities to build wealth. Whether you’re saving for a vacation, trying to get ahead of debt, or preparing for retirement, a well-structured financial plan can help you stay focused and motivated.

What follows is an essential guide to financial goals — from understanding their importance to setting achievable milestones and adjusting your plan when life changes.

What Are Financial Goals and Why Are They Important?

Financial goals are specific money-related targets you set to guide your financial decisions. They give you direction and help you align your daily spending habits with long-term priorities. Instead of letting money just come and go from month to month, you create a roadmap that leads you toward stability, independence, and growth.

Goals are also important because they provide:

•   Clarity: They help you understand what you’re working toward.

•   Motivation: Defined goals encourage you to save instead of overspend.

•   Control: They prevent financial stress by giving you a sense of purpose.

•   A way to track progress: Goals let you measure how far you’ve come.

Without goals, money has a tendency to slip through the cracks. With them, you can make strategic decisions that improve your financial health step by step.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to save more, spend smarter? Let your bank manage the basics. It’s surprisingly easy, and secure, when you open an online bank account.

Types of Financial Goals: Short-, Mid-, and Long-Term

Financial goals depend on timeframes and priorities. Generally, they fall into three categories — short-, mid- and long-term goals.

Examples of Short-Term Financial Goals (1-3 Years)

Short-term goals are immediate priorities. They include the things you want to buy or do within the next few months or years, and help build momentum for bigger challenges. Examples include:

•   Building an emergency fund

•   Paying off a credit card balance

•   Saving for a vacation or holiday gifts

•   Creating a monthly budget and sticking to it

•   Setting aside money for a new laptop or phone

Examples of Mid-Term Financial Goals (3-10 Years)

Mid-term goals take more time and planning and act as a bridge between short-term wins and long-term security.

They often involve saving or investing for significant life milestones and might include:

•   Paying off significant debt (such as student loans)

•   Saving for a wedding or dream vacation

•   Saving for a down payment on a house

•   Funding a large-scale renovation

•   Growing an investment portfolio

Examples of Long-Term Financial Goals (10+ Years)

Long-term goals shape your financial future and often require consistent commitment. These goals can seem intimidating, but breaking them into smaller steps makes them achievable. Common long-term goals include:

•   Saving for retirement through 401(k)s, IRAs, or pensions

•   Paying off a mortgage completely

•   Funding your children’s college education

•   Achieving financial independence or early retirement

•   Building generational wealth through investments

Recommended: Savings Goals by Age

How to Set Financial Goals in 5 Steps

Now that you understand the different types of goals, here’s how to set them effectively:

Step 1: Understand Your Current Financial Health

Before setting goals, it’s important to have a clear picture of where you currently stand. You can do this by gathering the last several months of financial statements and then using them to determine:

•   Your average monthly income

•   Your average monthly spending

•   Current debt balances

•   Status of your emergency savings and retirement accounts

This assessment forms the foundation for realistic goal setting.

Step 2: Define What You Want to Achieve

Once you have a snapshot of your overall financial situation, it’s worth spending some time reflecting on your money goals: what is really important to you.

While there are many things people commonly save for, like a down payment on a house or retirement fund, your financial goals might not be the same as your sibling’s or your coworker’s.

Think about what you would like to accomplish in the next few years, in five or so years, as well as decades from now, and simply jot them down. Keep in mind that these goals aren’t set in stone — they can and likely will change over time.

Step 3: Make Your Goals S.M.A.R.T.

A vague goal like “save money” is hard to stick to. Instead, consider using the S.M.A.R.T. framework:

•   S for Specific: Be clear  about what you want to achieve, such as exactly what you want to save or how much you’ll need to pay off a debt.

•   M for Measurable: Assign real numbers to your goals. Measurable goals allow you to track your progress and monitor your success.

•   A for Achievable: Setting unrealistic expectations can lead to frustration and disappointment. Ensure your goals are realistic for your income and expenses.

•   R for Relevant: Make sure your goals align with your overall financial plan and your life priorities.

•   T for Time-based: Set a deadline (e.g., within 10 months) for each goal.

SMART goals help keep you accountable and focused.

Step 4: Create a Budget That Includes Your Goals

Your budget is the tool that makes your goals achievable. And thanks to Step 1, you already know your average monthly income and expenses. The next step is to decide if your current spending aligns with your goals, or if you need to rejigger your spending to free up more funds for saving.

There are many different types of budgets, but one popular framework is the 50/30/20 rule. This divides your take-home income into three categories:

•   50% for needs (housing, food, utilities)

•   30% for wants (entertainment, travel)

•   20% for savings and debt repayment

“Thinking about where to put your 20% savings each month can help you reach your goals,” says Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi. “High-yield savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, and cash management accounts are all vehicles that may pay more interest than a traditional savings account, helping your savings grow.”

Step 5: Track Your Progress and Stay Flexible

Once you’ve set some goals and established a budget, it’s a good idea to track your spending for a few months to make sure you are sticking to the plan.

You can track your spending with plain old pen and paper or a computer spreadsheet, but a simpler option is to put a budgeting app on your phone. Your bank may even offer a free tool that automatically tracks and categorizes your spending in real time.

If you find that your budget isn’t realistic, or your financial situation changes at some point, you may need to make some adjustments to your budget. That’s why it’s important to check in with your money regularly.

Common Financial Goal Examples

Here are some six popular financial goals you might include on your list:

1. Build an Emergency Fund

Whether you’re easily covering your monthly expenses or grabbing change from the bottom of your bag to buy a coffee, many people are living paycheck to paycheck. But what if that paycheck disappeared or if you had a large, unexpected expense? Enter the emergency fund.

Having an emergency fund can help you comfortably manage an unexpected medical bill, major car or home repair, or a sudden loss of income with having to run up high-interest debt.

A general rule of thumb is to have three to six months’ worth of living expenses set aside for emergencies. While that can be a sizable sum, keep in mind that you don’t have to build your back-up fund overnight. You might first set a short-term goal of saving a small cushion of $1,000, then build from there.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

2. Pay Down High-Interest Debt

High-interest credit card debt can feel like a treadmill: Despite constant effort, you never seem to get any closer to the finish line. By prioritizing repayment, however, you can make real progress. This will free up cash flow you can then redirect towards savings and investments.

Two popular payoff approaches are the debt avalanche (paying off the highest-interset debt first) and the debt snowball (paying off the smallest balance first to build momentum). Whichever you choose, the key is to consistently make extra payments and avoid new debt along the way.

3. Start Saving for Retirement

Most of us know we should be saving for retirement, but making it happen can be challenging when there are so many competing places to put our money. The good news is that even small contributions to a retirement account can grow to significant savings over time. This is largely due to the magic of compounding returns — when the returns you earn start earning returns on their own.

One rule of thumb is to save at least 15% of your pre-tax income each year, including any employer match. If that’s not feasible right now, try to contribute at least up to any employer match (otherwise you’re leaving free money on the table).

4. Save for a Down Payment on a House

For many people, owning a home is a major milestone and a symbol of financial stability. But buying a home often requires a significant down payment, typically ranging from 3% to 20% of the purchase price. Saving for this can feel overwhelming, but breaking it into smaller milestones makes the goal achievable.

Consider opening a dedicated high-yield savings account for your down payment fund so it remains separate from everyday spending. Or, if your bank offers savings vaults, you might create a sub-savings account within your main one earmarked for your down payment. Then automate contributions to this account or vault so it grows over time.

💡 Quick Tip: Most savings accounts only earn a fraction of a percentage in interest. Not at SoFi. Our high-yield savings account can help you make meaningful progress towards your financial goals.

5. Invest for the First Time

Investing allows your money to work for you, building wealth beyond what traditional savings accounts can provide. While investing might seem intimidating at first, starting small is often the best approach. Low-cost options like index funds, exchange-traded funds (EFTs), or robo-advisors make it easier than ever to get started without needing extensive financial knowledge. As your income grows, you can increase contributions and diversify your portfolio.

6. Pay Off Student Loans

Student loans are a reality for millions of people, and paying them off can take years. Carrying this debt affects your ability to save, invest, and even qualify for other financial opportunities like a mortgage. That’s why making a structured repayment plan is so important.

Start by reviewing your repayment options — federal loans may offer an income-driven repayment plan or refinancing opportunities. Making extra payments towards the principal when possible can reduce the overall interest you pay and shorten the repayment timeline.

Financial Goal Examples for Students

Students often juggle limited income with rising expenses, making financial goals essential. Here are some practical ones to consider:

•  Creating and sticking to a monthly budget

•  Building a small emergency fund (even $500 helps)

•  Paying off credit card balances in full each month

•  Saving for textbooks or tuition payments

•  Beginning to invest through a low-cost brokerage app

•  Applying for scholarships or part-time jobs to reduce student loan reliance

Setting goals early can help students avoid financial pitfalls and build healthy habits for adulthood.

How to Adjust Your Financial Goals if Your Circumstances Change

Life rarely goes exactly as planned. You might face job loss, medical expenses, or unexpected windfalls like a bonus or inheritance. When your circumstances shift, it’s important to:

•  Reevaluate your priorities: Decide which goals still matter most.

•  Adjust timelines: You may be able to shorten a deadline or you might need to extend one or more of your timelines.

•  Reallocate resources: If money is tight or your priorities change, you may want to shift money from one goal to another.

•  Stay flexible: Remember, goals are not fixed — they evolve with your life.

The Takeaway

Setting financial goals isn’t about perfection — it’s about progress. By understanding your current financial health, defining clear objectives, and using the SMART framework, you can create a roadmap toward stability and success.

Whether you’re saving for your first emergency fund, tackling debt, or planning for retirement, goals can give you the motivation and direction you need to take control of your financial future. The key is consistency. Start small, stay flexible, and remember that every step forward brings you closer to your near- and long-term aspirations.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Is it wise to invest your emergency fund?

Generally, it’s not wise to invest your emergency fund in risky assets like stocks or mutual funds. An emergency fund should remain easily accessible and safe, since its purpose is to cover unexpected expenses or a sudden loss of income. Keeping it in a high-yield savings account or money market account balances safety with some interest growth. Once your emergency fund is secure, you can focus on investing other money for long-term goals.

What is the most important financial goal?

For many people, the most important financial goal is to build a strong foundation of financial security. This typically means creating a healthy emergency fund and paying down high-interest debt. Without stability, it’s difficult to make progress toward other goals like saving for retirement, buying a home, or investing.

Once your essential safety net is in place, you can prioritize goals that align with your lifestyle and values, such as long-term wealth building, financial independence, or providing for your family’s future.

How many financial goals should you have at once?

It’s often best to focus on a manageable number of goals (such as two or three) at one time. Trying to juggle too many can spread your money and attention too thin, making it harder to make meaningful progress. A practical approach is to prioritize one short-term goal (like building an emergency fund), one medium-term goal (such as saving for a car or vacation), and one long-term goal (like retirement savings). This balance helps you stay focused while still moving forward in multiple areas.

What is a good financial goal for a beginner?

A great financial goal for beginners is starting an emergency fund. Even saving a small amount, such as $500, can provide a cushion against unexpected expenses and reduce the need to rely on credit cards or loans. Once that’s established, beginners can aim to save three to six months of living expenses. Other beginner-friendly goals include paying off small debts, creating a realistic budget, or setting up automatic savings. These goals build confidence and establish strong money habits for future success.

How can I set financial goals with a partner or family?

Setting financial goals with a partner or family starts with open communication about values, priorities, and long-term dreams. Begin by discussing shared goals, such as buying a home, paying off debt, or saving for children’s education. Next, agree on a budget and assign responsibilities for managing finances to ensure accountability. Regular check-ins help you stay on track, celebrate progress, and adjust goals as life circumstances change.

What tools can help me track my financial goals?

Several tools can make tracking financial goals easier and more organized. Budgeting apps like YNAB, GoodBudget, or PocketGuard allow you to set savings targets and monitor spending. Spreadsheets are another customizable option for tracking progress. Many banks also offer built-in goal-tracking features through their mobile apps.

For long-term goals, investment platforms often provide dashboards showing growth toward retirement or wealth-building objectives. The key is choosing a tool you’ll use consistently, helping you stay motivated and accountable.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Declaring a major in college is a big decision, but the choices don’t stop there. Once students know their area of study, then comes the selection of courses. And, generally, you can’t just sign up for classes willy-nilly. Students typically need to start at one point before they can progress to another. This is where upper and lower division courses come into play.

Like levels in a video game, students have to start with beginner lessons before they can take on advanced challenges. Here’s a closer look at what lower division and upper division courses are and how they differ.

Types of Courses Students Can Take

When signing up for your first semester of college classes, you might notice that there are many more offerings than you had in high school.

In addition, core classes are different, and requirements will vary based on a student’s course of study.

While a college student can take everything from astronomy to architecture, here’s how courses are typically designated:

•   Lower division

•   Upper division

•   Major courses

•   Minor courses

•   General education courses

💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a competitive-rate, no-fees-required private student loan that covers up to 100% school-certified costs.

Degree Requirements

Every college major will have different courses, electives, and requirements that are necessary for graduating.

In addition to core requirements, students might need to take general education (gen ed) courses. These courses are required for all students, no matter their area of study. (Some will “CLEP out of” some or all gen ed courses. The College-Level Examination Program® offers 34 exams that cover intro-level college course material. Others might pass AP or International Baccalaureate exams to get college credit.)

Students won’t get to graduate just by taking classes for four years. They’ll need to meet the requirements of the major (and minor, if applicable) they’ve selected.

Each course has a number of credits, and students usually will need to accumulate a certain number of credits to qualify for their degree.

Degree requirements will vary based on what a student studies, but each will come with a mix of lower-division and upper-division courses to round out the educational experience.

Recommended: Harvard University Cost

What Is a Lower Division Course?

Lower-division courses are the building blocks of an undergraduate’s major. College freshmen might have restrictions in the courses they can enroll in.

Unless they bring in AP, IB, or college credits, they’ll need to take (and pass) lower- division courses in their major before being able to sign up for upper-division courses.

In general, here’s what students can expect in lower-division classes :

•   Introductory material Typically, lower-division courses teach the building blocks of concepts that students will use more down the line. For example, a biology major might start the course requirements with a lower-division Introduction to Biology lecture before moving on to more challenging material.

•   Younger students Generally, students will find more freshmen and sophomores in their lower-division courses.

•   A larger class Depending on the size of the school, lower-division classes are often larger because they may cover a broad swath of material that applies to multiple majors and areas of study. A lower-division class might even have more than one section a semester because so many students need to take it. In these larger lectures, participation might be limited, and attendance might not even count toward a grade.

•   A stricter structure Students might find that lower-division courses stick to the book (or syllabus). Each class, a professor will typically cover exactly what was detailed in the syllabus — nothing more, nothing less. Similarly, test questions might come straight out of lecture notes or assigned readings. Often this is done to ensure that students know the basics by heart before moving on to more challenging courses in their major.

•   Evaluation by test Due in part to their larger class sizes and structure, students can often expect multiple-choice tests in lower-division courses.

Of course, every college’s policies on classes are different, but for the most part, students can expect to take lower-division courses as they begin their academic career.

Lower-division courses may be required by a major or minor, or they might be a general education course all students are asked to take.

Recommended: Purdue University Cost

What Is an Upper-Division Course?

If lower-division courses are the foundation an education is built on, upper-division courses are the structure on top.

Lower-division courses sometimes count as prerequisites for upper-division classes. That means an undergraduate must take, and pass, a lower-division class before enrolling in an upper-division course.

Here’s what a student might experience in an upper division-course:

•   In-depth curriculum Upper-division classes are often a deeper dive into areas of study or cover more complex topics. Once students master a lower-division class, they’ll be challenged with harder concepts in an upper-division class. Upper-division classes are more likely to have words like “advanced” in the title.

•   Older students Third- and fourth-year students are more likely to be in these courses, typically because they’ve taken the prerequisites.

•   Smaller classes Whereas lower-division classes may be large lectures, upper-division classes start to get smaller, in part because the curriculum is more specialized. The deeper a student gets into a major, the more in-depth classes become.

•   A fluid structure Upper-division courses likely have a syllabus and required reading, but the day-to-day structure of the class may be less lecture-focused. In fact, some classes are seminars where students are encouraged to contribute ideas in a discussion format, often resulting in a participation grade.

•   Varied evaluations Depending on the class focus, testing may look different than that of a lower-division course. Students may be asked to write in-depth research papers or create large presentations to show their learning. If tests are in use, they might rely less on multiple-choice questions.

Since upper-division courses include more complex teachings, professors might expect students to show what they’ve learned in a more complex way. That might mean essays to prove an argument, or demonstration of critical thinking skills that don’t rely purely on lecture notes or readings.

Recommended: The Ultimate Guide to Studying in College

Numbering Systems for Division Courses

A simple way to tell if a class is a lower- or upper- division course is using a school’s numbering system for classes.

Most college courses will have a three- to five-digit number. The number is unique to the course, and can help students know what they’re getting into before they sign up in terms of difficulty.

While numerical systems will change from college to college, they might follow these general formulas:

•   1-199 At UCLA, for example, all undergraduate courses are assigned a number between 1 and 199. Any class with a number between 1 and 99 is a lower-division course, and any class with a number between 100 and 199 is an upper-division class.

•   100-499 Other schools, like the University of Arizona, might start the numbering higher. All lower-division classes are numbered from 100 to 299. Anything 300 to 399 is an upper-division course. The University of Massachusetts uses a slightly different system, where every 100 is a different year of school (100s are for freshmen, 200s for sophomores, etc.).

The numerical system for a college course probably won’t help students compare classes across different universities, but it can be a useful guide in plotting academic schedules within one school and major.


💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too. You can submit it as early as Oct. 1.

Finding a Way to Pay

Figuring out how to pay for college can feel like an upper-division course in and of itself. After completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), you may find that you are eligible for grants, scholarships, and subsidized or unsubsidized student loans. However, you may still fall short of all the funding you need.

That’s where private student loans can come in. These loans are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Rates and terms will vary depending on the lender. Some students may need a cosigner to qualify for private student loans due to a lack of credit history and income.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What is the difference between upper and lower division courses?

Lower-division courses are typically introductory classes taken in the first two years of college. They cover general education and foundational subjects, building the skills needed for more advanced study. Upper-division courses, usually numbers 300-400, are taken in the junior and senior years. These classes go deeper into a student’s major, focusing on specialized topics, critical thinking, and research.

Are upper division classes harder?

Upper-division classes are generally considered more challenging than lower-division courses because they expect students to apply foundational knowledge, analyze complex topics, and engage in advanced discussions or projects. Instead of broad overviews, these classes often focus on specialized subjects within a major. However, whether they feel “harder” depends on the student’s preparation, interest, and study habits. Many find upper-division courses more engaging since they align closely with their career goal and academic interests.

What is the difference between 100 vs 200 vs 300 vs 400 level courses?

Course numbering often indicates difficulty and progression. Generally, 100-level courses are usually introductory, covering basic concepts for freshmen; 200-level courses may still be broad but require some prior knowledge, usually for sophomores; 300-level courses are upper division, often focusing on advanced, specialized topics for juniors; 400-level courses are typically the most advanced undergraduate classes, sometimes involving research, capstone projects, or preparation for graduate-level work.

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

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When considering where to go to college, a young adult has an array of choices, such as public versus private schools and colleges versus universities. There are also liberal arts colleges, which can offer an appealingly broad-based education with an emphasis on producing well-rounded individuals versus, say, putting graduates on a specific career track.

Students can major in a wide range of subjects at a liberal arts college, including the arts, literature, philosophy, social sciences, natural sciences, and even math or engineering. Read on to learn more about liberal arts colleges, including what they offer, how they compare to larger universities, and how you can cover the cost of a liberal arts education.

A More Personal Vibe

Though both universities and liberal arts colleges will help prepare students for entering the working world, there are some differences in what the experience will be like:

1.   Liberal arts colleges are typically smaller. Most classes will have far fewer students than is the case at a university lecture hall, which can have hundreds attending at the same time.

2.   Because of the smaller size, it may be easier for students to bond with their professors. The faculty members often have more time to spend with their students.

3.   The focus of a liberal arts school is undergraduate education. At universities, there will likely be graduate programs and major research efforts.

A liberal arts college may be the best college fit for students who prefer a more personalized experience; one where they can get to know faculty members and other students.

Those trying to decide which college is right for them can take this eight-question college personality quiz.


💡 Quick Tip: Fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee SoFi private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

The Admissions Process

The application process for getting into a liberal arts college is similar to other schools. Students will have to submit the usual components: an application with transcripts, possibly test scores, plus essays and letters of recommendation.

Liberal arts colleges may have a different focus when it comes to reviewing applications, though, so it’s essential to keep the following information in mind when applying to a liberal arts college.

When it comes to test scores and grades, liberal arts colleges don’t always have specific requirements. Admissions can still be very competitive at these schools, but they’re often more interested in whether or not students challenged themselves in high school. Generally, they want to see that applicants are well-rounded but also have an area of interest they specialize in.

Extracurriculars are important when applying to any college, but liberal arts colleges often value a wide range of activities, not just those that involve leadership.

A liberal arts college may be more likely to value extracurricular activities that are outside the box, so students applying to these schools have more options for what they can get involved in.

The Common Application, which can be used to apply to more than 1,000 schools, only requires one essay. However, many liberal arts colleges will require at least two supplemental essays. The reason is that these schools tend to put a high value on writing and critical thinking. This can be beneficial for students who have strong writing skills but who may be weaker in other areas.

Many liberal arts colleges are also interested in a student’s character and how they’ll contribute to the school, so they may put more weight on letters of recommendation and interviews than other schools.

Top-Ranked Liberal Arts Colleges

According to U.S. News’s latest National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings, the top ten liberal arts colleges are:

1. Williams College
2. Amherst College
3. Swarthmore College
4. United States Naval Academy
5. Bowdoin College
6. Pomona College
7. Wellesley College
8. Carleton College (tie)
8. Claremont McKenna College (tie)
8. United States Air Force Academy (tie)

Financial Value of a Liberal Arts Education

There’s a stereotype about people who pursue a liberal arts education: They won’t find financial success and their degree could be useless. This claim isn’t backed by evidence, though, so students who feel like a liberal arts college is the right choice for them shouldn’t be scared away by this false narrative.

The gap in income between those who attend a liberal arts college and those who attend other schools isn’t necessarily linked to the institution.

Instead, it’s determined more by a student’s career path and the market forces at the time, according to two economists whose landmark study analyzed the payoff of a liberal arts college education.

Another reason for this misconception is that people are unaware of the diverse selection of topics that are studied at liberal arts colleges. If people don’t actually know what is being studied at these colleges, they’ll have a more difficult time conceptualizing what a student’s future could entail.

Though graduates of liberal arts colleges may not earn as much as those from STEM-oriented institutions right away, the economists’ study found that 60% of students ended up in the top 40% of U.S. income after graduation, even if they started out in the bottom 60%.

Choosing where to attend college and whether or not it will have a “payoff” is personal to each student.

Attending a liberal arts college can lead to upward mobility, but students also have to take into account the cost of the education and the availability of financial aid when choosing which school will have the most value for them.

Paying for College

Along with the painstaking process of choosing where to apply for college and making a final decision, there is another difficult process: figuring out the cost of tuition and how to pay for college. Some people believe that liberal arts colleges are pricey, and indeed, if the top-rated school, Williams College, is any indication at $68,560 for tuition and fees, that could be correct.

Luckily, students usually have access to a few options that may help fund the yearly cost of attendance, which goes beyond tuition and fees to usually include room and board, books, supplies, transportation, loan fees, costs related to a disability, and reasonable costs for eligible study-abroad programs.

To figure out financing, a good place to start is by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This will let you know if you are eligible for federal financial aid, which includes grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans (which may be subsidized or unsubsidized).

Some private colleges use a supplemental form called the College Scholarship Service (CSS) Profile, to determine how to give out their own financial aid. The form is more detailed than the FAFSA. Almost every college that meets financial need for all enrolled students without federal student loans uses the CSS Profile.

Most liberal arts colleges are private and carry a relatively high “sticker price,” which includes tuition, fees, room and board. But students will typically pay less, and sometimes far less, when grants, scholarships, and other benefits are factored in.

If students will require some type of student loan to cover the cost of college, it’s recommended they take out federal loans before private loans, because the former come with benefits that the latter usually do not, like lower fixed interest rates and income-based repayment.

Private scholarships may also be widely available. Some are need based; others are merit based. They’re offered by schools, companies, community organizations, religious groups, and more.

Private student loans are an option as well. Eligibility usually depends on a student’s income and credit score or those of a cosigner. These loans are available through banks, credit unions, and online lenders and rates and terms vary, depending on the lender.

The Takeaway

A liberal arts school isn’t solely focused on teaching students a profession, but a degree from a reputable liberal arts school can lead to a rewarding career. The skills students learn at a liberal arts college — which include communication, analysis, and the ability to work in a team — are ones that are often highly valued by today’s employers.

While liberal arts colleges are known for their high cost, keep in mind that your actual cost of attendance may well be much lower than the sticker price, once you take grants, scholarships, and other types of financial aid into consideration. Student loans can also help bridge any gaps.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What’s the difference between a liberal arts college and a regular college?

Typically, a liberal arts college focuses on a broad, interdisciplinary education in the arts, humanities, sciences, and social sciences. A regular college or university, however, may offer a specialized curriculum which places a greater emphasis on research and professional training.

What does it mean for a university to be liberal arts?

A liberal arts university is usually an educational institution offering undergraduate and graduate degrees that prioritizes a broad education across various academic disciplines. Instead of focusing on specialized vocational training, these universities prioritize critical thinking, problem solving, and communication skills.

What’s the point of going to a liberal arts college?

A liberal arts education can have many benefits, such as fostering critical thinking, communication skills, and a broad understanding of various subjects. In this way, it can prepare students for diverse career paths and develop deeper engagement in the world around them.

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Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Beginning August 1, federal student loan holders who are enrolled in the SAVE Plan will see interest accrue on their student loans, but payments are still suspended. Eligible borrowers can apply for and recertify under the Income-Based Repayment (IBR), Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR), and Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Repayment Plans, as well as Direct Consolidation Loans. Many changes to student loans are expected to take effect July 1, 2026. We will update this page as information becomes available. To learn the latest, go to StudentAid.gov.

The timeframe when part-time students need to begin paying back student loans depends on the types of loans they have. Essentially, if a student meets their college’s requirements for half-time enrollment, they are generally not required to make payments on federal student loans while in school. However, private student loans have their own terms. Depending on the lender, students may be required to make payments on their loan while they are enrolled in school.

Students may be part-time because of their financial situation, caregiver or parental duties, medical issues, or other reasons. Knowing how part-time student loan repayment works can help students budget and plan ahead.

What Is a Part-Time College Student?

A part-time college student is someone who is not taking a full course load during any given academic quarter or semester. Individual schools set the standards for what counts as a full- or part-time student, but in general, full-time students may take about 12 credits or four classes at a time.

Part-time students may take anywhere from six to 11 credit hours or two to three classes per academic period.

Students may choose to attend college part-time in order to take care of family obligations, work a day job, or because of other circumstances that don’t allow them to take four classes at one time.

Recommended: Full-time vs. Part-time Students

Repaying Student Loans as a Part-Time Student

Exactly when do part-time students have to pay back student loans? In general, part-time students may not need to pay back their federal student loans while they are attending school as long as they don’t drop below half-time enrollment — or as long as they haven’t graduated.

What does this mean in practicality? If you’re a part-time student and you are taking at least half of the full-load credit hours, you generally won’t need to start paying off your federal student loans until you graduate, withdraw, or drop below half-time enrollment. Federal loans also come with a student loan grace period, meaning you technically won’t be required to make payments for six months after graduating, withdrawing, or dropping below half-time enrollment.

For example, if a full course load at your school is 12 credits, and you’re taking six credits this semester, you are still enrolled at least half-time, and wouldn’t normally be required to start paying back your federal student loans.

If, however, you drop down below half-time enrollment by taking only one three-credit class, you would no longer be attending school at least half-time and may be required to start paying off your federal student loans.

When Do I Have to Start Paying Back My Student Loans?

If you are a part-time student who graduates, withdraws, or drops below half-time enrollment, you may not need to start paying back your federal student loans right away. Many new grads, or those entering a repayment period for the first time, are given a six-month grace period, as mentioned above, before they have to start paying federal student loans back.

The exact length of any grace period depends on the type of loan you have and your specific circumstances. For example, Federal Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans all have a standard six-month grace period before payments are due.

Factors That May Influence the Grace Period

If you’re a member of the armed forces and you are called to active duty 30 days or more before your grace period ends, you could delay the six-month grace period until after you return from active duty.

Another situation that could impact your grace period is if you re-enroll in school at least half-time before the end of the grace period. You will receive the full grace period again on your federal student loans when you graduate, withdraw, or drop below part-time enrollment.

This is because, in general, once you start attending school at least half-time again, you’re no longer obligated to start making payments on federal student loans. In this situation, you would still get a grace period after you graduate, even though you may have used part of a grace period while you were attending school less than half-time. Note that most loan types will still accrue interest during the grace period.

You may lose out on any grace period if you consolidate your federal student loans with the federal government during your grace period. In that scenario, you’ll typically need to start paying back your loan once the consolidation is disbursed.

Repayments for Private Student Loans

If you have private student loans, you may not get a grace period before you start paying back your loans. Student loans taken out from private lenders don’t have the same terms and benefits as federal student loans, which means that private student loans may not offer a grace period at all or it may be a different length than the federal grace period.

Some lenders may require students make payments on private student loans while they are enrolled in school. If you have a private loan or are considering a private loan, check with the lender directly to understand the terms for repayment, including whether or not there is a grace period.

How Do I Pay Back My Student Loans?

When it comes to part-time student loan repayment, there are things you can do to make paying back your loans as painless as possible. When you enter loan repayment on a federal student loan, you’ll be automatically enrolled in the Standard Repayment Plan, which requires you to pay off your loan within 10 years.

However, there are currently several other types of federal student loan repayment plans available, including income-driven repayment plans, and it is always worth learning about the different plans so you can make an educated choice.

One thing to be aware of, however, is that as per the U.S. domestic policy bill that was passed in July 2025, there will only be two repayment options in total for borrowers taking out their first loans on or after July 1, 2026: the Standard Repayment Plan, which is a 10-year repayment plan, and the Repayment Assistance Program (RAP). RAP is similar to previous income-driven plans that tie payments to income level and family size.

As mentioned, private student loans have different requirements than federal student loans. Individual lenders will determine the repayment plans available to borrowers.

Recommended: Student Loan Forgiveness Guide

Take a Look at Refinancing

One option you may want to consider is student loan refinancing with a private lender. Refinancing your student loans allows you to combine your federal and/or private student loans into one new, private loan with a new interest rate — ideally, a lower rate — and new terms.

You can use a student loan refi calculator to see how much refinancing might save you.

It’s important to remember, however, that student loan refinancing isn’t right for everyone. If you refinance your federal loans, they will no longer be eligible for any federal benefits or repayment assistance, such as the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program or income-driven repayment plans.

The Takeaway

Part-time student loans who are enrolled at least half-time, based on the definition at their school, are generally not required to make payments on their federal student loans. Private student loans have terms and conditions that are set by each individual lender, and may require students make payments on their loans while they are enrolled in school.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Do part-time students qualify for federal student loans?

Yes, federal student loans, including federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans, are available for part-time students as well as full-time students. To qualify, a student will need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) to see what they are eligible for.

Because you will be taking fewer classes as a part-time student, you may be offered less than the annual cap of $5,500 for federal loans for first-year dependent undergraduate students. Lenders for private student loans typically allow part-time students and full-time students to borrow up to the total cost of attendance at their school.

When does the grace period begin for part-time students?

The grace period for part-time students with federal student loans who graduate, withdraw, or drop below half-time enrollment is typically six months.
The exact length of any grace period depends on the type of loan you have. For example, federal Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans have the standard six-month grace period before payments are due. Private student loans may not have a grace period at all. Check with your lender to find out about the specifics for your loan.

Can I defer student loans as a part-time student?

Yes, part-time students can typically defer federal student loans in specific situations. This includes when they are in school at least half-time — their loans are usually put into deferment automatically in this case. Other types of deferment a part-time student might be eligible for include economic hardship deferment and unemployment deferment. Students need to apply for these types of deferment at studentaid.gov.

Are repayment options different for private vs federal loans?

Yes, repayment options are different for private vs. federal student loans. Federal student loans currently offer several different repayment options, including the 10-year Standard Repayment plan and income-driven repayment plans that base monthly payments on your discretionary income and family size.

Private lenders don’t offer the same terms and benefits that federal student loans do. Some private lenders may require students to make payments on their loans while they are enrolled in school. If you have a private loan, check with the lender directly about the terms for repayment.

What happens if I drop from full-time to part-time enrollment?

If you drop from full-time to part-time enrollment in school, it could affect your financial aid award. You may end up with less federal aid. For instance, the annual cap on federal loans for full-time first-year dependent undergraduate students is $5,500. If you become a part-time student you may no longer be eligible for that amount. If you are considering dropping from full-time to part-time enrollment, discuss the idea with your school’s financial aid office to see how your aid might be impacted.

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Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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