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Homebuyers who want modern touches and few maintenance worries may opt to purchase new construction or have a home built to order.

In mid-2024, the median price of a new home was $429,800, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. As homebuyers have found a shortage of existing homes on the market in recent years, new-home construction has worked to fill the gap and consumers may find builders offering incentives to choose new construction. You’ll want to understand the market and learn some of the lingo.

Understanding New Construction Homes

On the upside, newly constructed homes can come with warranty-backed electronics, energy efficiency, and high-end features.

But new construction isn’t without potential snags, such as construction delays and the mounting price of upgrades.

The type of new construction you choose will determine cost and ability to customize and may also affect your home loan options.

•   Tract homes. These go up in a builder’s new development. The buyer chooses the lot and design features.

•   Spec homes. These are move-in-ready homes, but the buyer still might be able to choose some of the finishings. It’s a good idea to understand the difference between standard property features and upgrades.

•   Custom homes. A builder tailors a house to the buyers’ specifications on their land.

How Do I Buy a New Construction Home?

A first step is to get preapproved for a mortgage and hire a real estate agent. You’ll choose a builder, go over your desired home features, and sign the builder contract, which will include the anticipated timeline, the cost, and all other details.

Mortgage options for a tract or spec home are the same as buying an existing home: conventional or government-backed home loans.

Those who are building a custom home might use a construction loan for the build and then obtain a mortgage once the home is complete. There are, however, FHA, VA, USDA, and conventional construction-to-permanent loans, also called single-close loans.

Figuring Out the Costs of New Construction

How much does it cost to build a new house? For 2,500 square feet, it could cost $345,000, but of course, there are lots of variables, including location, the price of labor and materials, and your tastes.

For a spec home, it might be a good idea to look at comparables in your area. For a new build, HomeAdvisor suggests budgeting the amount each project of the home requires as well as the necessary time to build.

In normal times, expect to spend about 50% of your budget on materials, HomeAdvisor says.

Buying a staged model house? The upgrades are considered marketing costs, and the home may have been walked through many times. You might have lots of room to negotiate.

Pros and Cons of Building or Buying a New Construction Home

Buying new has its pros and potential cons.

Pros

Everything’s New. Novelty can be a lure all its own. From a practical standpoint, new items signal less maintenance for years.

Additionally, with a from-scratch property, homebuyers may also be able to build their house on the precise plot of land that they want. Buying an existing home could mean having more neighbors nearby or less choice about the size or borders of the property.

Warranties. Appliances, roofing, and the HVAC system may be covered by manufacturer and construction warranties. Replacement or repair may be guaranteed for years, which can be a big relief when buying new construction as opposed to buying an existing home. Ask most homeowners about typical home repair costs. They are the opposite of fun.

Energy Efficiency. Homebuilding has been moving toward energy efficiency, or green architecture. Features like solar panels, treated windows, efficient lighting, and energy-saving appliances curb home energy expenses over the life of owning a home.

Reduced Homebuyer Competition. If a buyer opts to build a new home on an undeveloped tract of land, chances are low that a competing homeowner wants to build in that exact location at the same time.

Benefitting From Buying Discounts. A local contractor has ties to building supply companies and hardware stores. These business-to-business connections may translate into lower costs.

Cons

Land-Starved Locations and Zoning. The denser a community — think a big city or large suburb — the harder it may be to find land to build on. Moreover, local zoning regulations often regulate the size and type of new homes that can be built on residential lots.

Potential Building Delays. It takes 7 to 12 months on average for a contractor to build a house, and 12.1 months for an owner to, according to census data. That’s a significant wait, but building delays are fairly common and add to the bottom line. If a homebuyer needs to rent, for instance, while the house is being constructed, any delays could mean extra housing expenses.

New-home buyers can prepare for changes by touring similar finished homes in the community, researching the builder’s reputation, and speaking to residents. It’s also a good idea to talk with the builder about common construction delays and how unexpected costs are handled.

Negotiating Price May Be Harder. When working with a homebuilding company, negotiating may not be possible. Many builders attach a minimum price to the construction of a new home.

Upgrades Add Up. If wood floors, glass-front cabinets, and premium tile are must-haves, be prepared to pay for them. There is usually a “starting-from” price attached to newly constructed homes. Upgrades can add substantial costs to a new home.

Buying Tips for Newly Built Homes

Prepare to breathe in that new-house smell, but first lay the foundation.

Line Up Financing

When it comes to buying any type of house, getting prequalified is good. Getting preapproved is more serious, because you will have let lenders vet your finances and give you a specific amount you qualify for.

Lenders can also recommend the best kind of financing for a new build.

Hire a Real Estate Agent

Homebuyers wanting to make a new dream home a reality may want to find a good real estate agent. Here’s one reason why that’s important: The sales contact from the home construction company is hired to represent the seller (i.e., the builder or developer). A buyer’s agent can champion buyers’ interests, negotiate the contract, and answer questions.

Ask for Builder Concessions, Sign the Contract

Homebuyers aren’t likely to get a builder to slash a new home’s sales price, but they might be able to gain some concessions. Some builders may offer upgrades at a reduced price to incentivize a homebuyer to buy.

Upgrades may come in the form of a higher grade of carpet, granite countertops, a more advanced HVAC unit, or higher-end kitchen appliances. It doesn’t hurt to ask.

Once you’re pleased with your decisions, you’ll sign the builder contract to buy a spec home or start construction on a home.

The Takeaway

Newly constructed homes have obvious appeal, but they can come with potential delays and other drawbacks. Buyers who have their heart set on a brand-new home will find that financing often works the same way as it does for an existing-home purchase.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Can you negotiate the price of a new construction home?

Negotiating the price of a new construction home can be challenging as many builders set a minimum price. However, it might be possible to negotiate upgrades or concessions instead of a price reduction. Homebuyers can work with a real estate agent to help them negotiate with the builder.

What is a realistic budget for building a house?

A realistic budget for building a house will vary depending on the location, size, and desired features. In general, a 2,500 square foot home requires a budget of around $345,000, not including the cost of land. But cost can increase or decrease depending on the specific materials and finishes chosen.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
^†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOHL-Q324-056

If someone asked you to describe your “dream home,” what picture would pop into your mind? A single-family home with a big backyard, or a high-rise condo with a view? Maybe you’ve always longed to live on a houseboat.

Only you can decide which of the many house types out there is best for you or your family. But this guide to the different types of homes available to buyers could help narrow your search.

Common Types of Homes

As you think about where you’d like to live or what you need to buy a house, you can probably rule out a few of these home types on Day One. But from there it may help to look at the pros and cons of some home types side by side to help you narrow your search.

1. Apartments

The definition of an apartment can get a bit complicated because it can change depending on where you live. When someone talks about how to buy an apartment in New York City, for example, they might be referring to a condo or co-op.

Generally, though, an apartment is one of several residential units in a building owned by one person or company, and the owner rents each unit to individual tenants.

There are some pluses to that arrangement, especially if you take advantage of amenities like a gym or swimming pool. And monthly costs for utilities and insurance may be low. But because it’s a rental, you can’t build any equity. Also, if you want to stay or go, or make some changes to the apartment, you’re typically tied to the terms of your lease.

Pros and Cons of Renting an Apartment

2. Condos

If you like some of the upsides of apartment living but you want a chance to build equity with each payment, you may enjoy owning a condo. Condo living isn’t for everyone — a house vs. condo quiz could help you decide between those types of homes — but a condo is a good choice for some.

You’ll share walls with other residents but will own your unit. That means you’ll be in charge of the repairs and upkeep on the interior, but you won’t have to worry about lawn maintenance, cleaning and fixing the pool, or exterior repairs. (You’ll likely pay a monthly or quarterly fee to cover those costs, though).

When you purchase a condo, you’ll have a chance to build equity over time as you make your home loan payments, but if the homeowners association (HOA) is poorly managed, your condo may not increase in value the way a home you care for yourself might.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Condo

3. Co-ops

When it comes to condos vs. co-ops, it’s important to understand the differences if you’re shopping for a home or plan to.

The main difference is the ownership arrangement: When you buy into a co-op, you aren’t purchasing your unit; you’re buying shares of the company that owns the property. The market value of your unit determines the number of shares you own. Your shares determine the weight of your vote in what happens in common areas, and you’ll also split maintenance costs and other fees with your fellow residents based on how many shares you own.

Because co-op residents don’t actually own the units they live in, it can be challenging to find financing. Instead of a mortgage, you may have to get a different type of loan, called a co-op loan or share loan. And because of co-op restrictions, it may be difficult to rent out your unit.

Still, buying into a co-op may be less expensive than a condo, and you may have more control over how the property is managed.

Pros and Cons of Buying into a Co-Op

4. Single-Family Homes

When someone says “house,” this is the type of structure most people probably think of — with a backyard, a garage, maybe a patio or front porch. Even if the yard is small, the house sits by itself. That can mean more privacy and more control over your environment.

Of course, that autonomy can come with extra costs, including higher homeowner’s insurance, taxes, maintenance and repairs, and maybe HOA fees.

The down payment and monthly payments also can be challenging, but buyers usually can expect the value of their home to increase over time.

And if you need money down the road — for a child’s education or some other planned or unexpected expense — you may be able to tap into home equity. Or you might plan to pay off the mortgage in 20 or 30 years and live rent-free in retirement.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Single-Family Home

5. Tiny Houses

Tiny homes, which usually have 400 square feet of living space or less, have a huge fan base. Some tiny houses are built to be easily moved, giving the owner physical freedom. Some are completely solar-powered and built to be eco-friendly. Many can be constructed from kits.

One downside is finding a place to legally park the tiny home. In most parts of the country, they are classified as recreational vehicles, not meant to be lived in full time, and usually only allowed in RV parks or campgrounds.

Another challenge is tiny house financing. A traditional mortgage is a nice thought, but just that, for a true tiny house. Options include a personal loan, builder financing, a chattel mortgage (a loan for a movable piece of personal property), and an RV loan if the tiny house meets the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association’s definition of an RV: “a vehicular-type unit primarily designed as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or seasonal use.”

A not-tiny consideration is making use of such a small space. Many people may not last long in a tiny home.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Tiny House

6. Townhomes

A townhome or townhouse can look and feel a lot like a detached house, in that it has its own entrance and may have its own driveway, basement, patio or deck, and even a small backyard. But these row houses, which are often found in cities like New York, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., and usually have multiple stories, share at least one common wall with a neighboring home.

Those shared walls can make buying a townhouse more affordable than a comparable detached home. And owners who belong to an HOA with neighboring homes generally don’t have to worry about exterior upkeep, although owners of townhouses classified as fee simple are responsible for exterior maintenance of their structure and sometimes the surrounding yard.

The HOA also may offer some amenities. But that monthly or quarterly HOA fee will add to overall costs, and may rise over time.

And you may not have as much privacy as you’d like.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Townhome

7. Modular Homes

It might be hard for the average person to answer “what is a modular home?” off the top of their head.

A modular home is made up of sections that are built in a factory, transported to a homesite, and assembled on a foundation there. This makes them different from traditional stick-built homes, which are constructed completely on-site. But both types of houses are held to the same local, state, and regional building codes.

Because the assembly-line part of the process is cost-effective, a modular home may be less expensive. Also, because weather isn’t a factor for part of the work, you can probably expect fewer delays.

Most modular homes are sold separately from the land. So if you already own a piece of property or like the idea of building outside a traditional neighborhood, a modular home might be a good choice.

Many people who choose a modular home use a construction loan for the build or a construction to permanent loan. A personal loan or use of home equity from an existing home are other options.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Modular Home

8. Manufactured Homes

Manufactured homes, formerly known as mobile homes, are built completely off-site and then transported to the homesite and placed on a temporary or permanent foundation.

Manufactured homes are not held to the same local, state, and regional standards as stick-built or modular homes. Instead, they must conform to construction and installation standards set by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and local land use and zoning regulations restrict where they can be placed.

Of course, there are plenty of communities that are designed just for manufactured homes, although the land in many of these “parks” is rented, not owned.

A growing number of lenders are providing conventional and government-insured mobile home financing. The loans, backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or U.S Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), are offered by approved lenders. agencies.)

The most common method of financing is an installment contract through the retailer. Depending on your situation, a personal loan or chattel loan could provide a shorter-term path to financing a manufactured home, generally less expensive than other types of detached homes.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Manufactured Home

9. Cabins

Most people tend to think of a cabin as a cozy second home that’s made of logs or covered in cedar shakes. But there’s no reason a cabin can’t be your primary residence.

Just as with any other type of property, the price of a cabin can vary based on size, age, location, and amenities. If there’s an HOA, those fees can add to the cost.

If you’re considering a cabin because you’re buying a vacation home — aka a second home — know that loans for second homes have the same rates as primary homes. A 20% down payment is typical.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Cabin

10. Multi-Family Homes

Investors know the difference between single-family vs. multi-family homes.

For owners, the big advantage of a multi-family home is that it offers flexibility. Homeowners can buy a home with multiple units and rent out the spaces for extra income. Or an adult child or parent might decide to move into that secondary space.

These properties can be a good investment.

Do accessory dwelling units make a property a multi-family? It depends. Fannie Mae says a property may be classified as a two-unit property or single family with ADU based on the characteristics of the property.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Multi-family Home

11. Houseboat or Floating Home

Living in a home that’s actually on the water — not just near it — can be a dream come true … or a challenge.

Some “floating homes” are as big as a small house — and are built to be lived in in the same way — only on a floating foundation. Houseboats or liveaboards are typically much smaller than floating homes and more mobile, and they may not have the amenities a larger home can offer.

There are also substantial differences in what it can cost to buy and maintain these water residences. A floating home may cost much more upfront than a houseboat, but the insurance, taxes, and day-to-day costs of keeping a houseboat operating can run higher. And there may be more loan options available, including traditional mortgages, for those buying a floating home.

Comparing House Types

Whether you’re thinking about buying a single-family home, condo, tiny home, houseboat, or townhome, it’s important to keep your priorities in mind. Here are a few things to consider:

Finding Your Fit

The Takeaway

Understanding the different types of homes before you begin your search for a place to live can help you find your dream home more quickly, and free you up to take on other homebuying tasks. Besides choosing the type of home you want, you’ll also have to decide how to finance this important purchase if you’re not paying cash. A good way to start is to shop and compare rates.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

What type of house is cheapest?

Condos, co-ops, townhomes, and manufactured homes all tend to be less expensive than single-family homes. Among new single-family homes, modular homes tend to be the least expensive because they are made in a factory and assembled on-site.

Is it a good idea to buy a condo?

If you don’t mind sharing walls with your fellow condo complex residents, and you don’t want to have to deal with exterior upkeep, a condo might be a good fit for you. Condos are also often less expensive than freestanding, single-family homes.

Photo credit: iStock/CatLane

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
^†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOHL-Q234-050

Looking to buy a manufactured home, a boat, or a piece of equipment for your business? You may need a chattel mortgage.

Chattel mortgages are used to finance movable assets separately from the land they occupy. They come with a higher cost than a traditional mortgage, so manufactured home dwellers who qualify for a standard mortgage will save money by choosing that route.

Here’s what you need to know about how chattel loans work and when you might want to look for alternative financing.

What Is a Chattel Mortgage?

First of all, a chattel mortgage is used for personal property, not real property. Real property includes land and property that cannot be easily removed from the land.

When a chattel mortgage is used for a large, movable asset like a manufactured home — called a mobile home before June 15, 1976 — or a piece of equipment (the “chattel”), the asset is held as collateral on the loan. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can recoup costs by selling the asset.

A chattel loan may have a lower interest rate than an unsecured personal loan but a higher rate than a traditional mortgage.

Note: SoFi does not offer chattel mortgages at this time. However, SoFi does offer conventional loan options.

How Does a Chattel Mortgage Work?

Chattel mortgages are used in two main instances: when an asset can be moved or when the land the asset sits on, or will, is leased. (In fewer cases, a chattel loan may be used when a borrower doesn’t want to encumber their owned land with a loan, as when land is owned jointly in a trust.)

Applying for a chattel loan is similar to applying for other types of loans, such as home equity loans and personal loans. The lender will look at your creditworthiness and ability to repay the loan before making a decision.

Chattel loans are typically small, with relatively short terms, but usually require no appraisal, title policy, survey, or doc stamps (the documentary stamp triggers a tax in certain states).

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Guide

What Are Chattel Loans Used For?

Here are some of the most common applications for chattel loans.

Manufactured Homes

Manufactured homes are built in a factory on a permanent chassis and can be transported in one or more sections. Formerly known as mobile homes, they’re designed to be used with or without a permanent foundation, but must be elevated and secured to resist flooding, floatation, collapse, or lateral movement.

Many are titled as personal property. Manufactured housing that is titled as personal property or chattel is only eligible for chattel financing.

When a manufactured home is titled as chattel, you’re also going to pay vehicle taxes to the Department of Motor Vehicles instead of property taxes.

Many consumers may encounter a chattel loan at the sales office of a manufactured home builder. They’re convenient with quick closing times, but come with a higher interest rate and a shorter term than most traditional mortgages.

This makes the financing cost of the manufactured home high, even if the payment is low thanks to the lower cost of a manufactured home compared with a site-built home. Around 42% of loans for manufactured homes are chattel loans, according to the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau.

When you own a manufactured home and rent the land it occupies, such as in a mobile home park, you will need a chattel mortgage, except when an FHA Title I loan is used.

Tiny Houses

A chattel mortgage may be used for tiny house financing when the tiny house is not affixed to a permanent foundation and/or when the land is leased.

Tiny houses are usually too small to meet building codes for a residential home, so even if the home is on a foundation and on owned land, a traditional mortgage is almost always out of the question. Even if Fannie Mae or FHA allows the property, the lender won’t.

Tiny houses on foundations are usually classified as accessory dwelling units.

Vehicles

A chattel loan may finance assets that are not permanently affixed to the property, such as vehicles. Dump trucks and construction vehicles may qualify.

Equipment

A chattel loan can be used to purchase large equipment for a business, such as a forklift or a tractor. Even livestock can be purchased with a chattel loan.

How Much Does a Chattel Mortgage Cost?

Chattel mortgages are more expensive than many other different mortgage types. The Urban Institute concluded that chattel loans were substantially more expensive than non-chattel loans. Owners of manufactured homes would spend thousands more per year in interest compared with a traditional mortgage.

These types of mortgages are not being purchased by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac on the secondary mortgage market. When a conventional mortgage is purchased by one of these entities, the loan originator obtains more liquidity and can provide more loans to more people. This drives the cost of the mortgage down.

A chattel mortgage, on the other hand, must stay on the books of the lender, making the loan riskier and more expensive.
If you qualify, you might want to consider refinancing your chattel mortgage into a traditional mortgage.

Recommended: Home Loan Help Center

Chattel Mortgage vs Traditional Mortgage

To qualify for a conventional or government-backed mortgage instead of a chattel mortgage, you must own the land your home sits on, the home must be permanently affixed to a foundation, and it must have at least 400 square feet of living space (600 for Fannie Mae’s conventional loan for manufactured homes).

Mobile homes built before June 15, 1976, will not qualify for a mortgage loan. A personal loan is about the only option.

You must also meet all other requirements set forth by the lender to qualify for a traditional mortgage. A mortgage calculator tool can help with this.

For some types of assets, a chattel mortgage may be a good option to consider. Take a look at the major differences.

Pros and Cons of a Chattel Mortgage

A chattel mortgage is more expensive than a traditional mortgage, so anyone who can qualify for a traditional mortgage may wish to pursue that option first. It’s not all bad news for chattel mortgages, though, especially for other types of property where a chattel loan is desirable.

Consumer Protection and Chattel Mortgages

Chattel mortgages on manufactured homes are a special concern to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau because that type of housing:

•   Serves an important role in low-income housing

•   Is typically taken on by financially vulnerable people

•   Has fewer consumer protections

Manufactured home sellers often have an on-site lender where borrowers can walk away with a chattel loan the same day as the home purchase. In certain scenarios, though, better financing options might be available.

The Takeaway

Buying a manufactured home or a piece of heavy equipment? A chattel loan could be the answer. If, though, you are buying a manufactured home and own the land, a traditional mortgage makes more sense than a chattel mortgage.

FAQ

Where can I get a chattel loan?

Lenders specializing in chattel or manufactured housing loans will offer this type of loan.

How much does a chattel mortgage cost?

The interest rate of a chattel mortgage could be several percentage points higher than that of a standard mortgage loan.

What happens at the end of a chattel mortgage?

When a chattel mortgage is paid off, the borrower receives legal title to the property or asset borrowed against. It’s also possible for landowners with permanently affixed manufactured homes to refinance into a traditional mortgage to end their chattel loans.

Is a chattel mortgage tax deductible?

A chattel mortgage qualifies for the same tax deductions that a traditional mortgage does. This includes a deduction on mortgage interest paid throughout the tax year.

Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOHL-Q324-037

Guide. Supporter. Educator. A mortgage loan originator wears many hats while finding a residential loan that will work for a borrower and steering the prospective homeowner or refinancer through the whole application process.

The person or entity is the original point of contact for borrowers. Their role is regulated to prevent the kind of mortgage fraud that occurred during the housing crisis and financial meltdown of 2008.

Here’s what you should know about what they do, how they’re regulated, and how they can help you get the right loan to the closing table.

What Is a Mortgage Loan Originator?

A mortgage loan originator (MLO) evaluates and recommends approval of residential loan applications on behalf of customers. Some work directly for a mortgage lender; others, called mortgage brokers, are MLOs who offer options from several lenders.

MLOs might be paid a salary plus commission, but commission only is far more common. They must be licensed in the states where they do business or under the umbrella of the bank, bank subsidiary, or credit union that employs them.

MLOs work to find a mortgage for each borrower’s unique situation. They must be excellent communicators since they guide people through the mortgage process.

They educate the borrower about different kinds of mortgages, the application process, and how mortgages work, and ensure legal compliance and completeness to close the loan.

Since MLOs often work on commission, it’s usually in their best interests to find a compatible loan for the borrower that will make it to the closing table. They don’t get paid if the loan falls through. To get your business, it’s also in their best interests to offer the most competitive terms possible.

What Is the Difference Between a Mortgage Loan Originator and a Mortgage Loan Officer?

The upshot: Regulators and some others refer to mortgage loan officers employed by financial institutions as “mortgage loan originators.”

A mortgage loan originator is anyone who negotiates or takes a residential mortgage application for a client with the expectation that they will be paid for their services.

What Does a Mortgage Loan Originator Do?

MLOs are responsible for taking a loan from application to closing. They may also negotiate terms of a residential mortgage on behalf of a client.

Responsibilities of a mortgage loan originator may include:

•   Processing the customer’s application

•   Explaining the different types of mortgages available to a borrower

•   Asking for documents on the applicant’s background and financial information

•   Keeping track of documents

•   Submitting documents to underwriting

•   Relaying messages from underwriting

•   Scheduling a home appraisal

•   Addressing any home appraisal issues with the client

•   Asking for more documents as closing gets nearer

•   Scheduling the close

•   Answering questions the borrower may have

•   Ensuring compliance with applicable laws

•   Developing relationships with real estate agents, builders, and individual clients

How to Become a Mortgage Loan Originator

Becoming a mortgage loan originator typically requires a bachelor’s degree and on-the-job training. Nonbank originators also need to be licensed.

Licensing

MLOs who are employed by banks, bank subsidiaries, or credit unions do not have to obtain a loan originator license. All others must be licensed in the states they do business in and register with the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System & Registry (NMLS).

General state license requirements include:

•   At least 20 hours of pre-licensing education

•   Authorization to provide a credit report and criminal record

•   General character standards and demonstrated financial responsibility

•   Passing the NMLS written test

•   Sponsorship by a company already registered with the NMLS

Licensing became required in 2008 following the housing collapse. It increases consumer protection and reduces mortgage fraud.

Average Salary

The median pay for mortgage loan officers in 2023 was $69,990 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

But because mortgage loan originators typically work solely on commission, earnings can vary widely based on the area, the number of closed loans, and the amount of the closed loans. The commission averages 1% of the loan amount.

Do I Need a Mortgage Loan Originator?

A mortgage loan originator is needed when you need a new mortgage. Few mortgages are assumable by a buyer, so homebuyers will most likely need a new mortgage for their purchase or refinance and will need a mortgage loan originator.

You will most likely need a new mortgage for your purchase or refinance and will need a mortgage loan originator.

How Do You Find a Good Mortgage Loan Originator?

A good mortgage loan originator may be able to secure a loan that works for your situation and aptly guide you through the process. Want to know how to find a good loan originator? Here are a few tips.

Shop Around for a Mortgage

One of your most powerful tools for finding a good mortgage loan originator is to shop around for a mortgage. Meet the people who will work with you on your mortgage and get loan estimates for the specific type of mortgage you’re looking for.

•   Ask for quotes from your bank or credit union. Your existing relationship with a bank may be valuable to them and they may offer good terms.

•   Get recommendations from family or friends. From people who have been there and done that, you may find an originator that has great rates and is incredible to work with.

•   Conduct an internet search. You’ll find plenty of mortgage loan originators listed on the internet with a bounty of reviews. Try calling a few and you may find a loan officer with competitive rates.

Compare a Direct Lender With a Mortgage Broker

When you’re looking for a good mortgage loan originator, you’ll come across two main ways to find a mortgage for your home: mortgage brokers and direct lenders.

•   Direct lenders are the providers of the mortgage. When you go to a lender and apply for a loan, you’re working directly with the lender, which makes a decision without a middleman.

•   Mortgage brokers work for borrowers to find the best loans and terms for their individual situations. They may be able to point clients to a lender they would not have known about otherwise and save them money in the process. Lender commissions to brokers may span 0.50% to 2.75% of the loan amount, but lenders typically add the costs to the borrower’s loan. It’s a good idea to check credentials with the NMLS.

Both can help get you a mortgage that may work for your situation, but you may find that you prefer one over the other when you’re looking for a good loan mortgage originator.

If you apply for a mortgage with several, it’s smart to compare the loan terms being offered in the loan estimate that you will receive.

Have an Idea of What Type of Mortgage You’re Looking For

Some lenders may specialize in a certain type of mortgage, so if you know what you’re looking for, you may be able to find a good loan originator more easily.

If you’re looking for a renovation loan, for example, you might want to seek out a lender specializing in that type of loan.

Be Wary of Deals and Offers You See in Ads

Some lenders might advertise low payments or low interest rates, but those may not be what you’d end up getting. By law, lenders are required to disclose the loan terms to you on a standard form called a loan estimate after you’ve applied for a mortgage.

Using this form can help you compare loans fairly as it will list the mortgage APR, term, points, and all fees you’ll need to pay to engage the services of a particular lender.

Know What Questions to Ask

If you interview mortgage originators, certain questions can help you determine if you’ll be a match or not. Don’t know what to ask? Take a look at these mortgage questions.

The Takeaway

Finding a good mortgage originator is worth the time it takes to explore your options and interview potential candidates. After all, getting the right mortgage, as an initial borrower or a refinancer, can mean significant savings — not just at origination but over the life of the loan.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

What questions will a mortgage loan originator ask?

A mortgage loan originator who is helping you prepare a home mortgage loan application will want to understand your income (how much you earn and how reliable your income stream is), your credit and work history, and your debts. Be prepared to answer questions about your salary, whether you are a W-2 employee or a freelancer, and how much you owe on any student loans, car payment, or other debts.

Is a mortgage loan originator the same as an underwriter?

No, a mortgage loan originator (MLO) is not the same as an underwriter. An MLO, sometimes also called a mortgage loan officer, is a person or business that helps you apply for a mortgage loan. An underwriter is the person who reviews your loan application and decides whether or not to approve it and at what interest rate.

Photo credit: iStock/David Gyung

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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SOHL-Q324-036

Budgeting can take some work to get just right. One area that often trips people up is understanding exactly how much they spend each month. Figuring that out can take some trial and error as well as fine-tuning. And even if things are humming along well for a few months, you can suddenly get hit with a surprise bill or a colossal credit card statement that jeopardizes your finances.

To help avoid that scenario and make budgeting easier, it’s important to consider some of the items that are often omitted from the expenses list when people set up budgets. This can help ensure that your hard work managing your finances stays on track.

Read on to learn about commonly overlooked expenditures and how to work them into your budget. That way, you’ll know exactly where your money is going, which can help you avoid debt.

What Are Some Expenses That Are Commonly Budgeted For?

When thinking about a basic living expenses budget, some items are so major, recurring, and important that it would be hard to overlook them. These likely include:

•   Rent or mortgage payments

•   Homeowners association fees

•   Utilities

•   WiFi

•   Cell phone bill

•   Car and/or student loan payments

•   Groceries

•   Daycare or tuition

•   Gym memberships

•   Medical insurance and pet insurance premiums

•   Transportation

Why Is It Important to Budget for Forgotten Expenses?

It’s understandable that some expenses may slip your mind when creating a budget. The typical person probably has dozens of things they are paying for in a given month. But these sneaky forgotten expenses can wreak havoc on your budget and prevent you from reaching your financial goals.

That’s why it’s important to pay close attention to your spending so you can adjust your budget as needed. These are some of the reasons why it’s important to budget for forgotten expenses:

•   Creating a successful budget requires knowing what you spend each month.

•   If you forget to add an expense and run out of funds to pay for it, you may end up pulling funds out of your savings account and sacrificing future goals to cover it.

•   If you really overspend due to forgotten expenses, you may have to turn to high-interest credit card debt to make ends meet.

Recommended: How Much Should I Save a Month?

20 Commonly Forgotten Budget Items

If you are convinced of the importance of accounting for all of your expenses, then it’s time to move ahead. Let’s look at some commonly forgotten budget items to make sure they don’t fall through the cracks.

1. Home Maintenance

While it’s hard to forget about your mortgage payments, the other expenses of homeownership are easy to forget about and add up fast. From hiring a gardener to regular carpet cleanings to random handyman repairs, it makes sense to leave room in a budget for home maintenance as those charges tend to frequently pop up.

2. Vehicle Maintenance

Budgeting for a car payment is probably top of mind, since you likely don’t want to risk getting hit with late payment fees or losing your car. The same generally holds true for car insurance. But those aren’t the only car expenses worth planning for. Drivers also need to make room in their budget for such car-related expenses as tune-ups and repairs. You’ll also want to remember to include gas, insurance, parking and toll road fees; they also have a way of adding up.

3. Taxes

Income taxes may be withdrawn from your paychecks, but property taxes generally aren’t. Forgetting about these bills is a common budgeting mistake. Then, when the payment does come due, it’s a nasty surprise that can throw your budget out of whack.

4. Medical Expenses

It’s easy to forget about or overlook your medical expenses, including over-the-counter and Rx drugs, dental cleanings, regular checkups, or getting new glasses or contacts. These are all vital expenses worth planning for. Budgeting for medical expenses can help improve your financial health too by helping you avoid debt.

5. Donations/Giving

Perhaps you donate when you see a worthy cause on social media or sponsor a colleague who’s doing a charity walk. This kind of spending is easy to forget about, so make sure to put it into your budget so you don’t wind up short of funds when you want to help others.

Recommended: 15 Creative Ways to Save Money

6. Office/School Supplies

Items that keep your home office or study space up and running need a spot in your budget too. This means accounting for things like toner, paper, stamps, shipping supplies, and software subscription fees.

7. Renewals for Licenses (Insurance, Drivers, Etc.)

Some expenses only pop up once a year, or every few years, like driver’s license or insurance renewals, but it can be helpful to split up that expense into smaller chunks and save for it month by month.

8. Seasonal Maintenance

Some home-maintenance needs are ongoing, but others come around seasonally. Similar to license renewals, it can be helpful to save up for pricey seasonal maintenance needs, like gutter cleaning and snow removal, all year round. That way, you won’t come up short when a bill hits.

9. Items for Pets

Pets bring a lot of love into a home, but also a lot of expenses. From vet fees and pet insurance to toys, food, and doggie daycare, these expenses can be significant and deserve a place in your budget.

10. Personal Items (Hair, Nails, Etc.)

A bottle of shampoo here, a manicure there, plus regular haircuts — the myriad expenses that help us look and feel our best can add up quickly. They may only cost a few bucks a pop (hello, body wash) or only happen once in a while (that fresh set of highlights), but it’s wise to be prepared for the cost.

11. Lump Sum Bills

Some memberships and insurance plans may only renew once or twice a year. Many of them are lump sum bills, meaning you are expected to pay them in full, right away. Which is why it can be helpful to save money each month to make sure you have the funds to cover lump sum bills.

Recommended: 18 Common Misconceptions About Money

12. Ridesharing

If you rely on ridesharing apps to get around (whether it’s once a month or several times a week), it’s important to budget for that expense. The convenience can make it feel like a free ride…but it isn’t!

13. Delivery App Fees

Another app-based expense to look out for are the delivery fees that get added when you order dinner or groceries from the comfort of your home. Also, if you tip the driver, make sure to include that as well. These fees definitely add to the price of what’s being dropped off.

14. Business Expenses (Conferences, Trips, Etc.)

You may incur expenses related to work that aren’t reimbursed by your employer. These include such purchases as buying professional clothing, renewing professional licenses, or pursuing continuing education to further your career.

15. Entertainment

From travel to movies and concerts to museum memberships, there’s no shortage of entertainment costs that need to make their way into our budgets.

Recommended: Are You Bad with Money? Here’s How to Get Better

16. Subscriptions or Membership Fees

Speaking of entertainment, you may be paying for one or more streaming platforms, like Netflix, HBO Max, and Hulu. And you may have other subscriptions, like meal kits, personal-care supplies, gym memberships, or even a wine- or beer-of-the-month club. These kinds of one-click sign-ups may not make it onto your budget, but they should.

17. Gifts for Others

From swanky birthday dinners to holiday gifts to wedding presents, you may spend a chunk of change every year to make others happy. It can help to save for the costs of gifts all year round. You can do this by estimating how much you expect to spend in this category for the year and then break it down into a monthly expense by adding a “presents” line to your budget. That way, when these expenses do pop up, you’ll be prepared.

18. Coffee

There’s nothing wrong with enjoying a pricey latte on the go now and then, as long as it finds a spot in your budget. These kinds of little treats can be an important part of self-care, and budgeting for them properly can be an example of financial self-care.

19. Roadside Assistance Costs

One extra that some drivers may find very worthwhile is roadside assistance service. Keep it in the budget, and stay safe.

20. Laundromat/Dry Cleaners

Whether you drop off your clothing at a laundromat once a week and have them washed and folded for you, or you DIY but occasionally drop clothing off at the dry cleaner, these are all costs that need to be considered in your monthly budget.

Why Are These Expenses Commonly Forgotten?

As you can see, the list of commonly forgotten monthly expenses is long. One key reason is that it’s relatively simple to remember to add the really big, recurring expenses — like rent or a car payment — into a monthly budget. But there are plenty of “invisible” expenses that we pay for with a simple click online (whether that means paying for a subscription service or a life insurance policy) that just don’t come to mind when setting up a budget.

There are also those very infrequent charges — say, an annual technician visit to clean your heating system — that we can overlook until they hit. It’s also easy to overlook small but relatively frequent purchases, such as laundry detergent or printer paper, that can add up over time.

Accounting for as many expenditures as possible will help you hone your budget and be as prepared as possible for the bills that come your way.

Banking With SoFi

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What are common monthly expenses?

Common monthly expenses include rent or mortgage payments, utilities, food, cell phone bills, and loans or credit-card payments. Many of us also purchase clothes, meals/beverages away from home, personal care products, medical insurance, and have transportation expenses, which may or may not include car payments and insurance.

What are some hidden expenses you may have?

Some commonly forgotten budget items can include medical expenses, petcare costs, charitable donations, home- and car-maintenance charges, and subscription services, whether that’s a gym membership or streaming channels.

Will my budget be messed up if I do not add these forgotten expenses?

Yes, it’s possible to mess up a budget if you don’t include all of your expenses. You may wind up with bills to pay and not enough income to cover them. To resolve this, you might have to dip into your savings or start putting things on your credit card, neither of which is ideal. The good news is, each month offers a fresh start to make your budget work better.

Photo credit: iStock/staticnak1983

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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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