Whether you’re interested in switching credit cards because you found one with better rewards or one with no annual fee, it can make sense to do so. Also called a credit card product change, some banks allow you to make a switch without much consequence.
But before doing so, it’s best to understand how changing credit cards works and how to switch credit cards properly.
What Is a Credit Card Product Change?
A credit card product change is where a cardholder switches from one credit card to another credit card offered by the same bank or issuer. Because each credit card offered by an issuer is referred to as a different product, a product change is simply switching credit cards.
In theory, switching credit cards within the same bank won’t affect your credit as you’re not applying for a new credit card. Typically, your credit limit will stay the same for your new card as it was for your previous card.
When you make a product change, you’re not canceling a credit card. Rather, you’re either switching to an equivalent credit card, upgrading to a card with more benefits, or downgrading to a card with fewer benefits. In many cases, your bank may send you targeted offers for different credit cards, and you may be able to switch to one of these credit cards.
Once you switch credit cards, you’ll no longer be able to use the credit card you previously had. You can start using the new credit card instead. Features and benefits will most likely differ, and in some cases, so too may your credit limit.
When it comes to following the credit card rules, each credit card issuer will have its own guidelines regarding product changes. For instance, some won’t allow you to change to certain credit cards, while others may allow a product change only if you’re switching to a similar type of card.
In general, though, there are some rules that are usually the same across the board.
• For one, cardholders can’t switch from a business credit card to a personal one and vice versa, since these are considered different classes of cards and may have different credit limits.
• Additionally, issuers typically only let you change credit cards as long as they’re within the same family of cards, as this can impact how credit cards work. However, each issuer has a different definition of what that means.
For instance, if you have a travel rewards credit card and the bank offers two other cards that use the same travel portal to redeem points, all of those cards could be considered in the same family. Or, if you have a co-branded card with an airline, other co-branded cards with that airline may also count as within the same family of cards.
Unfortunately, it’s often not easy to find information about whether you can switch your specific credit card to another. Your best bet is to call your credit card issuer and ask them directly.
There are certainly upsides to converting credit cards rather than closing out your account and starting over. However, there are downsides to take into account as well.
Pros of Switching Credit Cards
Cons of Switching Credit Cards
Generally won’t affect your credit score if the bank doesn’t conduct a hard credit inquiry
Not easy to find definitive information online about product change rules
Possible to get more benefits with the new card you switch to
May not be able to switch to your preferred card, depending on issuer’s rules
Won’t need to submit a new credit application
May lose existing credit card rewards or points
Guide to Switching Credit Cards
Switching credit cards can be a relative straightforward process, but it does involve contacting your bank or credit card issuer. Here are some best practices to keep in mind before making the switch.
Decide Which Card You Want
You want to make sure your new card will be a good fit for you. Before making moves to change your credit card, check your bank’s website to see what other products are currently on offer. In some cases, you may find that you’ll get upgrade offers in the mail or after logging into your bank account online.
Contact Your Bank or Credit Card Issuer
You’ll also want to contact your bank to ask whether you can switch to the card you’ve decided on. If you can get the credit card you want, ask the bank what else you’ll need to do before you can officially make the switch.
You’ll also want to ask about certain features and benefits you’ll receive if you do decide to change credit cards. Specifically, make sure to ask about the following:
• Whether your credit limit will remain the same after switching cards
• If you need to pay off the balance before switching
• Whether you’ll be subject to a hard credit inquiry
• Whether you can keep existing rewards you’ve earned with your current credit card
Learning these answers will help you to make an informed decision and avoid getting caught off guard after making the switch. You may even be able to negotiate for things like bonuses or perks that you may not have gotten otherwise.
Effects of a Product Change on Your Credit Score
It’s important to determine whether switching credit cards will have an adverse effect on your credit score. When it comes to your credit utilization, as long as you’ll have the same credit limit with your new card, you should be able to maintain it. This is unlike closing a credit card, where you’ll lose that credit limit, which could result in an increased credit utilization ratio and a negative impact to your credit score.
In some cases, your card issuer may require a hard credit pull before allowing you to switch credit cards, which could temporarily ding your credit score. Your issuer may make this request for a variety of reasons, including to ensure your credit profile is still good and to determine whether to continue offering you the same amount of credit (especially if you tend to max out your card). You’ll be asked permission before the hard inquiry is conducted, so you’ll know it’s coming.
Effects of a Product Change on Your Credit Card Rewards
Depending on what card you want to switch to, you may be able to keep your existing credit card rewards. For instance, if you’re switching to a credit card that has the same rewards structure or program, you’ll probably be able to keep the points or miles you’ve earned.
However, if you’re going from a travel rewards card to a cash back program, for instance, your bank may not allow you to keep your existing rewards. That means you’ll have to use up your rewards or forfeit them, though it may still be worth speaking with a customer representative to see what they can do.
If you want to get sign-up bonuses on a credit card that you plan on switching to, check with your bank to see whether you’re eligible. Some cards don’t allow bonuses for existing customers.
The Takeaway
Requesting a credit card product change can be an easy way to switch to a new credit card without going through the full application process. Before you make any moves, however, take the time to confirm whether or not converting credit cards will impact your credit and whether you’ll be able to keep the rewards you previously earned. After all, valuable credit card rewards probably aren’t something you want to lose out on.
Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.
FAQ
Does a product change reduce your credit score?
A credit card product change may affect your credit score if your issuer requires a hard credit inquiry to make the switch. This should only impact your score temporarily though.
How do I request a product change?
To switch credit cards, you’ll need to contact your bank or credit card issuer to determine whether you can switch the card you want. From there, it will inform you of the other steps you need to take.
What are the downsides of a credit card product change?
You may lose the rewards you’ve earned on your current card if you decide to switch credit cards. Your credit score could also be temporarily affected if your issuer conducts a hard credit check when you switch cards.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Writing a check to yourself is one way to withdraw money from your bank account or transfer funds from one account to another. While there are other, more high-tech methods for making these transactions, writing a check to yourself is an easy option.
But it’s not the best choice for every situation. Sometimes, it’s more efficient to move funds electronically or visit an ATM to make a withdrawal. Here’s when writing a check to yourself makes sense, and how to do it.
• Writing a check to yourself is a way to transfer money between your own accounts.
• Start by writing your name as the payee and the amount you want to transfer.
• Sign the check on the signature line as the payer and write “For Deposit Only” on the back.
• Deposit the check into your other account through a mobile banking app or at a bank branch.
• Keep a record of the transaction for your own records and to reconcile your accounts.
How to Write a Check
If you don’t often use your checkbook, you may be wondering how to write a check. First, be sure to use a pen (that way, the information can’t be erased) and choose blue or black ink. Then, for every check you write, fill in each of the following details:
• The date
• Pay to the order of (the person or company the check is for)
• The amount the check is for in numbers
• The amount written out
• Memo (this is optional—you can use it to note what the check is for—or leave it blank)
• Your signature
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The only difference when you write a check to yourself, versus a check to someone else, is that you put your own name on the “Pay to the order of” line. Then, just like you do for every other check you write, you’ll add the date, the dollar amount written in numbers, the dollar amount written in words, an optional memo, and finally, your signature.
Be sure to record the amount the check is for in the check register that comes with your checks when you order them (you should keep this in your checkbook along with the checks themselves). In the register, write down the date, the check number, the name of the person the check is for and/or what it’s for, and the amount. This will help you balance your checkbook so you know how much money is in your account.
Why Would You Write a Check to Yourself?
Writing a check to yourself is the low-tech way of transferring money from one bank account to another, or withdrawing money from your bank account. Here is when it can make sense to write a check to yourself.
• Making a transfer. If you’re closing one bank account and opening another, you can move funds by writing a check to yourself. You can also write yourself a check to deposit funds from one account into another at the same bank. Or, if you have accounts at different banks, you can transfer money by writing yourself a check from one bank and depositing it in the other.
• Getting cash from your bank account. If you want to withdraw money from the bank, you can simply write yourself a check, take it to the teller at the bank, and cash it. Just be sure to endorse the check by signing it on the back.
Examples of When You Would Write a Check to Yourself
If you have money in different bank accounts and need to consolidate your funds in order to make a large purchase, you could write a check to yourself. For example, if you’re remodeling and need to transfer $20,000 from your home equity line of credit (in one institution) to your bank account (in a different institution), you can write a check to yourself to transfer the money.
When Writing a Check to Yourself Doesn’t Make Sense
Writing a check to yourself isn’t always the best, most efficient option for transferring funds or obtaining cash. Online banking, electronic transfers, and ATMs are typically faster and easier ways to get transactions done.
Transferring Money Within the Same Bank
If you have two accounts at the same bank and you want to move money from one account to the other, it’s much quicker and more convenient to transfer your money through online banking. Writing yourself a check to do this is a hassle.
If you need to withdraw cash from your account, using an ATM can be faster and easier. If you write a check to yourself, you will need to visit the bank and go through a teller in order to cash the check and get your money. Just make sure to use an ATM within your bank’s network to help avoid ATM fees.
Risks and Concerns of Writing a Check to Yourself
When writing a check to yourself, never make the check out to “Cash.” Instead, always put your own name on the “Pay to the order of” line. This helps protect you. Otherwise, if a check is made out to “Cash,” and the check is lost or stolen, anyone can cash it.
There are several other ways to move money that are more convenient than writing a check to yourself. This includes wire transfers, ACH transfers, electronic funds transfers, and electronic banking.
Wire Transfer
Often, when people use the term “wire transfer,” they’re referring to any electronic transfer of funds, but the technical definition involves an electronic transfer from one bank or credit union to another. To make a wire transfer, you’ll pay a fee, usually between $5 and $50, and need to provide the recipient’s bank account information.
An ACH is an electronic funds transfer across banks and credit unions. If you have direct deposit for your paychecks, for instance, that money is transferred to your bank account through ACH (which stands for Automated Clearing House). You can use ACH to transfer money from an account at one bank to an account at another. The transaction is often free, but check with your bank to make sure.
Electronic Banking
Online banking will allow you to move your money from one account to another within the same bank. All you need to do is log into your online account and use the “transfer” feature.
The Takeaway
Writing a check to yourself is one way to transfer money or obtain cash, but there are many methods for doing these things that are often more convenient, such as online banking or electronic transfers. Exploring all the options can help you decide what makes the most sense for you.
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FAQ
Can you legally write a check to yourself?
Yes, it is legal to write a check to yourself, as long as you’re not writing the check for more money than you have in the bank. It would be illegal to write a check for more funds than you have and then try to cash it.
Can I write a large check to myself?
Yes, you can write a large check to yourself if you have enough funds in your account to cover the amount. Never write checks for more money than you have in your bank account.
Can you write your own check and cash it?
Yes, you can write your own check and cash it at your bank or at any other location that offers this service.
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Banking can be a complex thing, but understanding what’s known as the simple deposit multiplier doesn’t have to be. The simple deposit multiplier is the multiple by which a bank can lend out funds based on the reserve requirements. It ensures the bank maintains the minimum amount of money on hand to keep bank operations up and running. It also gives the bank the opportunity to boost the economy.
What Is a Deposit Multiplier?
Also called the deposit expansion multiplier or simple deposit multiplier, a deposit multiplier is the maximum amount of money banks can create based on reserved units. To put it another way, it’s the multiple that banks use to know how much they can lend out vs. money kept on hand (say, in checking accounts) according to the existing reserve requirement. The deposit multiplier is typically a percentage of the amount deposited at a bank.
Why does the deposit multiplier concept matter? It plays a key role in the fractional reserve banking system, or FRB. This system involves the stipulation that banks must keep a certain amount of money on hand in reserves to conduct their day-to-day business. More specifically, the U.S. central bank, the Federal Reserve, mandates that banks hold a certain amount of money, known as required reserves, to make sure there is enough month for withdrawals from depositors. Any excess money that remains after the bank fulfills its daily operations can be loaned to borrowers (say, for mortgages). The amount that can be used for loans is determined by the deposit multiplier.
By accepting deposits and then making loans, banks have the ability to increase and decrease the money supply. When a financial institution lends out money in excess of its required reserves to businesses and consumers, it can amplify the money supply. That’s why the deposit multiplier metric matters; it’s a key way that the Federal Reserve and central banks can control the money supply as part of an overall monetary policy.
Here’s how a deposit multiplier works: When the account holder puts money in any of the different kinds of deposit accounts offered, the bank holds a percentage of it. This percentage is called the reserve requirement, which is set by the Federal Reserve. It helps ensure that the bank keeps an adequate amount of cash reserves available to meet the needs of withdrawal requests.
Keeping money accessible on demand can be critical. This protects against people trying to withdraw cash in keeping with fund availability rules and finding that their money is unavailable, which could be a deeply problematic and distressing experience.
A deposit multiplier is the multiple that allows banks to lend out money that’s deposited in the bank. This is the maximum amount of money the bank can lend out according to the value of its reserves. It is typically expressed as a percentage. You’ll learn more about that in a moment.
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Real Life Examples of a Deposit Multiplier
To understand a deposit multiplier, it’s wise to understand a few basic banking concepts.
• For banks, deposits are liabilities, because it is money owned by the account holder, and loans are assets for banks, because that money belongs to the financial institution and must be repaid.
• Banks also have reserves, which are deposits in the bank or in the Federal Reserve. Reserves are cash available to the bank.
◦ There is also an amount the bank must keep on hand, known as required reserves.
◦ Excess reserves is the term used to describe when the bank has more reserves than is required; these funds can in turn be lent out.
Now, if someone makes a $1,000 deposit, the bank’s liabilities and reserves would increase by $1,000. If the required reserve ratio is 10%, that means must keep $100 on hold and available, but the other 90%, or $900, may be lent. This allows the bank to expand the economy and profit.
To see how the simple deposit multiplier works, consider an example in which a deposit of $10,000 was made and the required reserve ratio is 5%, meaning $500 has to stay on hand.
The deposit multiplier formula is: 1 / reserve ratio.
So with a required reserve ratio of 20%, the deposit multiplier is five. That means that for every dollar in the bank’s reserves, the financial institution can boost the money supply by up to $5. If the reserve ratio was 5%, the deposit multiplier would be 20, and the bank could build the money supply by $20 for each dollar held in reserve. As you see, the lower the reserve ratio is, the higher the deposit multiplier is and the more it can lend out.
The simple deposit multiplier is a ratio between bank reserves and bank deposits. It’s important for maintaining the money supply of the economy and the banking system.
As noted above, this figure is calculated by dividing 1 by the required reserve ratio. For example, if the required reserve ratio is 10%, this means the deposit multiplier is 10. For banks, this means that for every $10 deposited, a total of $1 must be kept in reserves, and the bank can increase the money supply by $10 for each dollar it’s holding.
Deposit Multiplier and the Economy
The Federal Reserve, which is the U.S. central bank, uses the deposit multiplier as one of its monetary tools to control the supply of money in the economy. Usually the money that is deposited in a bank is unlikely to stay in the bank. The money that a consumer deposits in a bank is lent out to another consumer in the form of a loan. The deposit multiplier measures this change in checkable deposits as bank reserves change.
Banks are creating money by expanding the amount of reserves into a larger amount of deposits. If the bank decides to keep a small amount of deposits as reserves that means more money is sent to other banks and more deposits are created at these other banks. If a bank decides to keep a larger sum of deposits as reserves, that means less money or new deposits are made in other banks or circulated among consumers.
When money is loaned out to a consumer, at some point that loan will be repaid and deposited back into the banking system. If there is a required reserve ratio of 10%, then 10% of that new deposit will remain in the bank and the rest can be loaned out into the economy. This cycle fuels economic growth, not to mention profit for the bank.
While these two terms sound quite similar and are closely connected, they are not quite interchangeable. Consider the differences between a deposit multiplier vs. money multiplier.
• The deposit multiplier is the maximum amount of money banks can create by lending funds. Some deposited money must remain on hand according to the required reserve ratio, but the rest can be used to grow the economy as indicated by this figure. The deposit multiplier is calculated as one divided by the reserve ratio.
• The money multiplier is the increase in the bank’s money supply. It measures the change in money supply created through bank lending and is usually lower than the deposit multiplier since banks don’t lend all of their reserves.
The deposit multiplier is a tool used by financial institutions. It expresses the maximum amount of money a bank can create based on its cash held in reserves. The figure is calculated as one divided by the required reserve ratio; the lower the reserve ratio is, the higher the deposit multiplier is and the more a bank can lend out. The deposit multiplier can help to optimize an economy’s money supply, which is why this metric is used by central banks all over the world.
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FAQ
How do you use a deposit multiplier?
The deposit multiplier is used to determine the amount of money that can be created with the funds in a bank’s money supply.
How are deposit levels calculated?
In banking, the loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR) is calculated by dividing the bank’s total amount of loans but the sum of deposits over a specific time period. Loans are considered assets, by the way, since the money is the bank’s, while deposits are deemed liabilities, since they belong to the account holder.
What is the formula for a simple deposit multiplier?
To find the deposit multiplier, you divide one by the required reserve ratio. So if the reserve ratio is 5%, the deposit multiplier is 20. If the reserve ratio is 10%, the deposit multiplier is 10.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
An ABLE account — short for Achieving a Better Life Experience — is a tax-advantaged savings vehicle that’s designed for eligible people with disabilities. Designated beneficiaries can use an ABLE savings account to set aside money to pay for qualified disability-related expenses.
An ABLE savings account can offer substantial tax benefits for qualified individuals, as contributions grow tax deferred and qualified withdrawals are also tax free. Also referred to as a 529 A account (owing to its similarity to a 529 college savings plan), the ABLE account is designed to make saving and investing more advantageous for people with disabilities and their families.
What Is an ABLE Account?
An ABLE account is a tax-advantaged savings account for people with disabilities and their families. ABLE savings accounts allow people to pay for qualified disability expenses (QDEs) without impacting their ability to qualify for Medicaid or other government assistance programs.
The Achieving a Better Life Experience Act became law in December 2014. The intention behind the ABLE Act and the creation of ABLE accounts was to ease financial stress associated with paying for many of the QDEs associated with different disabilities. Qualified expenses include: housing, education, assistive technologies, specially equipped vehicles, and even food.
Under the ABLE Act, states have the authority to establish an ABLE disability account program. As of June 2022, all 50 states offer at least one ABLE savings account program, according to the ABLE National Resource Center. However, plans are currently inactive in Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
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How Do ABLE Accounts Work?
An ABLE account is a type of tax-deferred savings account similar to a 529 college savings plan. These accounts work by allowing designated beneficiaries to contribute money, up to prescribed limits.
The money can come from various sources, including individual or corporate contributions, or a trust. The money in an ABLE savings account does not affect your eligibility for other government benefits.
Also like a 529 plan, the money grows on a tax-deferred basis and can be withdrawn tax free when it’s used to pay for qualified disability expenses. Broadly speaking, QDEs are any expenses a person with disability pays in order to maintain their health, independence, and quality of life.
However, withdrawals from an ABLE savings account for non-qualified expenses can result in those distributions being subject to tax. Using money in an ABLE disability account for non-qualified expenses could also affect eligibility for government assistance.
Benefits of an ABLE Account
Generally speaking, ABLE savings accounts are designed to make paying for certain expenses easier for people with disabilities. Here are some of the main advantages of opening an ABLE savings account.
Tax-Deferred Growth and Tax-Free Withdrawals
One of the main draws of ABLE accounts is their tax-advantaged status. The money that goes into an ABLE account can be invested and allowed to grow on a tax-deferred basis. As long as distributions are used to pay for QDEs, withdrawals are always 100% tax-free.
ABLE accounts have an edge over savings accounts, since designated beneficiaries can invest their money in the market. That means they have an opportunity to grow their savings through the power of compound interest.
Flexibility
The ABLE account allows for flexibility, since the money can be used to pay for a wide range of disability-related costs. With a traditional 529 plan, savers are limited to using funds to pay for education-related expenses. The ABLE savings account allows designated beneficiaries (i.e. the disabled individual or family member) to use the money for the categories noted above — housing, transportation, technology, food, etc. — as well as employment training, health and wellness costs, legal and administrative fees, and more.
Friends, family members, and others can contribute to ABLE accounts on behalf of the designated beneficiary, up to the annual limit. For 2024, the annual contribution limit, including rollovers from 529 plans, is $18,000.
And beneficiaries don’t have to worry about those contributions affecting their ability to qualify for Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), or other forms of government aid, assuming they’re within certain limits. To learn more about who can make qualified contributions, check the ABLE website, or consult the ABLE program in your state.
One further note: In addition, a U.S.-resident ABLE account owner who doesn’t participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan can contribute up to an additional $14,580 from their earnings into their ABLE account. The amount that can be added to the account is higher for residents of Alaska at $18,210 and Hawaii at $16,770. (More details on this below.)
Financial Autonomy
ABLE accounts afford designated beneficiaries with a measure of financial independence, since they can set up an ABLE account themselves and make contributions on their own behalf. Individuals can also manage the account, and decide how to invest their savings and when to take qualified distributions for eligible expenses.
An ABLE account can give a person with disabilities more control than something like a special needs trust, a type of trust fund. In a special needs trust, the trust grantor sets aside assets for a disabled beneficiary but that beneficiary doesn’t have a say in how the money can be used.
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Drawbacks of an ABLE Account
While ABLE accounts have some positives, they’re not necessarily right for everyone who has a disability. Here are some of the potential drawbacks to consider when deciding whether to open an ABLE account.
Non-Deductible Contributions
Contributions to an ABLE savings account do not offer a tax break in the form of a deduction. (This is also true of some state 529 plans.) So even if you fully fund an ABLE account up to the annual limit each year, you can’t use those contributions as tax deductions.
Age Restrictions
An ABLE account can only be established for someone who has a blindness or disability that began before age 26. So someone who becomes disabled at age 27 or later would not be able to open an ABLE disability account.
The age requirement puts this type of special needs savings account out of reach for some individuals, though they could still be named the beneficiary of a special needs trust.
Worth knowing: There’s legislation afoot to raise the age of eligibility to “before 46” versus “before 26” in 2026.
Means Testing
Money held in an ABLE account is subject to means testing for the purposes of qualifying for Supplemental Security Income and Medicaid. The first $100,000 in ABLE account assets is disregarded for SSI but going over that limit can result in a suspension of your benefit payments.
The $100,000 account balance threshold doesn’t affect Medicaid eligibility. But if a designated beneficiary passes away with money remaining in their ABLE account, the state can lay claim to those assets in order to recoup any Medicaid benefits that were received.
Opening an ABLE Account
People with disabilities can open an ABLE account in any state, as long as that state’s plan is open for enrollment. The ABLE National Resource Center maintains a map with details for each state’s program, including whether out-of-state residents are accepted.
Once you find an eligible program, you can open an ABLE account online. There’s some basic information you’ll need to provide, including:
• Your name
• Date of birth
• Social Security number
• Bank account number
Parents can open an ABLE account on behalf of a minor child with disabilities. You also have to meet the definition of a designated beneficiary. In New York, for example, you must be able to show that one of the following is true:
• You’ve been classified as blind as defined in the Social Security Act
• You’re entitled to SSI or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) due to a disability
• You have a disability that’s included on the Social Security Administration’s List of Compassionate Allowances Conditions
• You have a written diagnosis from a licensed physician documenting a physical or mental impairment which severely limits function, and is expected to last at least one year, or can cause death
Similar to opening a bank account, there may also be a low minimum deposit requirement to open an ABLE account.
Requirements of an ABLE Account
There are certain requirements that must be met in order to open an ABLE account. Generally, you’re eligible for one of these accounts if you:
• Become eligible for Supplemental Security Income based on disability or blindness that began before age 26; or
• Are entitled to disability insurance benefits, childhood disability benefits, or disabled widow’s or widower’s benefits based on a disability or blindness that began before age 26; or
• Certify that you have a medical impairment resulting in blindness or disability that began before age 26.
Again, age and disability status are the most important requirements for ABLE savings accounts. You can open an ABLE account in your home state or in another state, if that state’s program allows non-residents to enroll. It’s important to note, however, that you can only have one ABLE account in your name.
How Much Can You Contribute to an ABLE Account?
The annual contribution limit is pegged to the gift tax exclusion limit each year, which is $18,000 for 2024. Eligible designated beneficiaries can, however, contribute additional money if they’re employed and have earned income for the year.
The IRS limits those contributions to an amount up to the lesser of:
• The designated beneficiary’s compensation for the year, OR
• The poverty line amount for a one-person household as established by the Community Services Block Grant Act
For 2024, the allowable amount for persons with disabilities in the continental United States is up to $14,580. The limit for residents of Alaska $18,210 and Hawaii at $16,770.
Funds from a 529 college savings account can be rolled into an ABLE account. Any rollovers count toward the annual contribution limit. So if $6,000 have been contributed to the plan for the year already, in theory you could rollover up to $11,000 into an ABLE account from a 529 savings account for 2022.
How Can You Use ABLE Money?
As discussed earlier, money in an ABLE savings account can be used to pay for qualified disability expenses. That means expenses that are paid by or for the designated beneficiary and are related to their disability.
Examples of things you can use ABLE money for include such living expenses and other costs as:
• Education
• Housing expenses
• Food
• Transportation
• Employment and career training and support
• Assistance technology and related services
• Health care
• Prevention and wellness
• Financial management and administrative services
• Legal expenses
• Funeral and burial expenses
• Day-to-day living expenses
The IRS can perform audits to ensure that ABLE account funds are only being used for qualified disability expenses. So designated beneficiaries may want to keep a detailed record of withdrawal and how those funds are used, including copies of receipts.
ABLE Accounts vs Special Needs Trusts
A special needs trust (SNT) is another option for setting aside money for disability expenses. In a special needs trust, the beneficiary does not own any of the trust assets but the money in the trust can be used on their behalf. A trustee manages trust assets according to the direction of the trust grantor.
Here’s how ABLE accounts and special needs trusts compare at a glance. You may benefit from consulting a tax professional to understand when and how income from an SNT may be taxed.
ABLE Account
Special Needs Trust
Tax Treatment
Growth is tax-deferred and qualified withdrawals are tax-free; there is no tax deduction for contributions.
Income generated by the trust (i.e. withdrawals) is generally taxable to the beneficiary during their lifetime.
Control
Designated beneficiaries can control how assets in their account are managed.
The trustee manages the trust on behalf of the beneficiary, according to the wishes of the grantor.
Contribution Limits
Contribution limits correspond to annual gift tax exclusion limits.
No limit on contributions, though the gift tax may apply to contributions over the exclusion limit.
Medicaid/SSI Impact
Up to the first $100,000 in assets is not counted for SSI purposes; balances are not counted for Medicaid eligibility.
Assets are not counted toward Medicaid or SSI eligibility.
Use of Funds
Funds can be withdrawn tax-free to pay for qualified disability expenses.
Funds can be withdrawn for any purpose, though they’re typically used for disability expenses. The beneficiary may owe taxes.
Age Requirement
Disability must have occured before age 26.
Beneficiaries must be under age 65 when the trust is created.
Alternatives to ABLE Accounts
If you don’t qualify for an ABLE account or you’re looking for ways to save on behalf of a disabled child or dependent, there are other accounts you might consider. Here are some options to weigh when looking for alternatives to ABLE accounts.
Special Needs Trust
As mentioned, an SNT can also be used to pay for disability-related expenses. Establishing a trust can be a little more involved than opening an ABLE account, since you’ll need to create the trust on paper, name a trustee, and fund it with assets. But doing so could make sense if you care for a disabled child or dependent and you want to ensure that they’ll be taken care of should something happen to you.
529 College Savings Account
A 529 college savings account is designed to help parents and other individuals save money for education while enjoying some tax benefits. Contributions can be made on behalf of a beneficiary with disabilities. That money can grow tax-deferred, then be withdrawn tax-free to pay for qualified education expenses.
You might open a 529 college savings account for yourself or your child to help them pay for school without incurring student debt.
Bank Accounts
Opening one or more bank accounts is another way to set aside money to pay for disability expenses. Bank accounts won’t yield any tax breaks but they can allow for convenience and accessibility.
• Opening deposits: Brick-and-mortar banks might require an opening deposit of anywhere from $5 to $100 while online banks might allow you to open a checking or savings account with as little as $1 or even $0, with funds to be deposited in the future.
• You’ll need government-issued ID, like a driver’s license, to open an account.
• So how long does it take to open a bank account? Not long, if you’re doing it online. Typically, when you have your basic forms of ID ready, the time it takes to open an online account is minimal.
• When can you create a bank account online? The simple answer is when you’re old enough to do so. Keep in mind that the legal age to open a bank account in your name is typically 18 so if you’re underage, you may need your parents to open the account for you.
• Online banks and traditional banks can offer a variety of account options. Student checking and savings accounts, for example, are designed for younger teens. Older teens who are headed off to university might be interested in opening a bank account for college students.
Banks can also offer certificate of deposit (CD) accounts and money market accounts.
If you’re wondering whether you can open a bank account with no ID, the answer is no. You’ll need some form of personal identification, such as a government-issued ID, in order to open a bank account online or at a brick-and-mortar bank.
The Takeaway
An ABLE account can make it easier for someone with disabilities to meet their needs while maintaining control over their finances. With an ABLE account, the money that’s contributed grows tax-free and can be withdrawn tax free to pay for qualified expenses relating to the care of a disabled person. Another benefit: Those qualified expenses aren’t limited to health care. The range of expenses include housing, food, transportation, employment — as well as health and wellness and preventive care.
In addition, you may want to consider other options, such as online bank accounts, for growing your savings.
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FAQ
What is considered an ABLE account?
An ABLE account is a tax-advantaged account that’s administered through a state program for the purposes of helping persons with disabilities to save and invest money. An ABLE account’s tax status sets it apart from bank accounts, college savings accounts, or Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). You can sign up with your state program.
Should you have both an ABLE account and a special needs trust?
It’s possible to have both if that’s desired. An ABLE account can be managed by its designated beneficiary, allowing them control over their finances. Special needs trusts are managed by a trustee on behalf of the beneficiary, meaning they cannot direct how the money is spent. Having both an ABLE account and a special needs trust can help to ensure that someone with disabilities is taken care of financially while allowing them a measure of independence.
Is a Roth IRA an ABLE account?
No. A Roth IRA is a tax-advantaged account that’s used for retirement savings. Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax dollars and qualified distributions are tax-free. They’re not limited to persons with disabilities while an ABLE account is designed to be used specifically for qualified disability expenses.
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It has long been the norm in real estate transactions for the buyer’s and seller’s agents to be paid with a commission fee — typically 5% to 6% of the house price — that was split between the two agents and paid by the seller. But in early 2024, the National Association of Realtors®, a real estate trade association, agreed to settle a group of lawsuits that challenged this commission structure for violating antitrust laws and contended that commissions were artificially inflated.
NAR will pay out $418 million in damages. But more importantly for homebuyers, the fallout could trigger big changes in how homebuyers work with real estate agents to make their purchase — and maybe even save buyers and sellers a little money. NAR Realtors handle the majority of sales in the U.S., so this settlement could have a significant impact on real estate transactions going forward.
How might real estate agent fees work in this new environment? If you plan to buy or sell a home, it’s important to understand. Let’s take a closer look at how homebuyers and sellers might be affected.
What’s Changing About Real Estate Commissions?
The NAR settlement, which was preliminarily approved by a judge in April 2024, means that as of August 2024, sellers’ agents will no longer be required to offer to share commissions with buyers’ agents. If a commission (paid by the seller) is compensating the seller’s agent but not the buyer’s agent, homebuyers will likely be responsible for paying their own agent.
This isn’t all bad news for buyers. Sellers might reduce home prices if their costs associated with paying a broker are lower. It’s also possible that buyers’ brokers will compete for customers by keeping their fees low. But it’s too soon to say what exactly will happen.
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What Does a Buyer’s Real Estate Agent Do?
If you’re a homebuyer, especially a first-time homebuyer, you may be wondering what services you would be paying for when you hire a real estate agent. Agents can perform a variety of services on behalf of their clients. If you’re buying a home, an agent can help you:
• Narrow your search to the most desirable properties for your budget
• Negotiate any contingencies you’d like to include in the home contract
• Prepare for closing
Who Pays the Agents’ Commissions?
It remains to be seen whether real estate agents will charge by the hour or bill customers a flat rate — or if some agents will continue to work on commission that is perhaps paid by the buyer.
Buyer’s real estate agents might begin to charge a fee (vs. a commission) for showing homes and shepherding clients through the purchase process. For buyers, this would add to the cost of a home purchase. Buyers have long suspected that sellers baked the commission fees into a property’s price, so that, in effect, buyers were already paying the commission. But while buyers could cover those baked-in costs out of their home mortgage loan, new fees paid by the buyer to the agent would come from the buyer’s pocket.
And they aren’t the only fees a buyer has to pay to finalize the purchase of a home. Closing costs can include:
Closing costs typically run between 3% and 6% of the home’s purchase price. So if you’re buying a $300,000 home, you might pay anywhere from $6,000 to $15,000 at closing, not including the down payment.
Closing costs are usually the buyer’s responsibility, but it’s not unusual for buyers to persuade sellers to share some expenses that are paid in advance.
All this may lead some buyers to consider shopping for a home without the help of an agent. If you’re thinking of going this route, be prepared to spend lots more time researching potential properties, reaching out to schedule viewings, and vigorously advocating for yourself if you’re in a seller’s market. And be ready to be your own best representative in negotiations.
Real estate commissions compensate a seller’s agent for the work the agent puts into helping sell the home. What this specifically entails can depend on the agent you’re working with and your needs. But again, this often involves researching listings, preparing comparative analyses, guiding home viewings, and helping to negotiate offers.
Here is how the commission fee has typically worked in the past: Say a home sells for $366,000 (the average home price in Fresno, California) and the commission is 6%, or $21,960.
If the sellers owe $250,000 on the home’s mortgage, they’d be poised to pocket $116,000 in profit. But first they have to subtract $21,960 to cover the commission fee. It’s likely that the commission fees will be lower now that the commission is not shared between the buyer’s and seller’s agents. But exactly what percentage a seller’s commission fee will be is up in the air.
Commissions are paid out once the transaction is complete. This typically happens after the buyer and seller have signed their closing paperwork. The seller will receive a check for any profits due to them from the sale, while the agent receives a check for the commission. Exact amounts of commissions, like home sale prices, vary widely by state.
It’s worth noting that there are still other costs involved in selling a home. You may pay a separate fee for professional staging or photography to get it ready to list, for example.
There are real estate brokerages that advertise listing services for a flat fee. Usually, the flat fee is very low and may only include a listing with photos on the MLS (the Multiple Listing Service, a list of available properties). Real estate agents who charge a flat fee usually don’t offer to schedule showings or manage the listing in other ways.
Are Real Estate Commissions Negotiable?
More than ever, thanks to the NAR settlement, real estate commission fees may be on the table for negotiations. A seller may be able to ask for a reduced commission if you’re working with an agent to sell multiple properties. The agent may be open to accepting a slightly lower fee per deal if there are multiple deals in play. This, of course, depends on how likely those properties are to sell at your desired price point.
As a buyer, how you might negotiate paying your agent in this new payment structure remains to be seen — and it will be up to you to start that conversation. Remember that you can also still negotiate a house price in other ways, such as by tailoring your offer price and asking the seller for help on closing costs.
Why Even Involve Agents?
You could buy a house without a Realtor® but having a professional’s help can be invaluable, especially if you’re a first-time homebuyer. (Realtors® are real estate agents who are members of the country’s largest trade association, the National Association of Realtors®. They subscribe to a strict code of ethics.)
A real estate agent or Realtor® can help you navigate the ins and outs of the homebuying process so that you can feel confident about your purchase.
Real estate agents are legally obligated to put their clients’ best interests first. They are trained to negotiate price and contingencies, handle legally binding documents, prepare and show properties for sale, and market homes through the MLS.
And if you’re thinking about selling your home on your own, it’s worth considering that homes for sale by owner usually sell for an average of $100,000 less than agent-assisted sales.
The Takeaway
Changes in the way that real estate agents are paid are underway, and while sellers will continue to pay their agents a commission, buyers may increasingly need to pay their agents themselves. Whether buyers come out ahead financially in this changed compensation structure remains to be seen. Bottom line? If you are in the market for a new home, make sure you discuss an agent’s fee structure and payment process before signing on.
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FAQ
Is commission and flat rate the same?
No. A flat rate is a specific rate negotiated for a certain service, while a commission-based fee is based on a price, such as the sale price of a home. For a seller, a flat rate typically covers only basic real estate agent services such as listing the property in a database.
What fee do most Realtors charge?
Historically, most real estate agents have worked on commission and would split an amount equal to 5%-6% of a home’s price, which was paid by the seller. Now, seller’s agents may still be paid on commission (albeit a smaller percentage) but buyer’s agents will increasingly be paid by the buyer. This means buyers will need to negotiate a fee with a real estate agent before agreeing to be represented by that agent in their home search. The amount of the fee will vary based on factors such as location, services provided, and time spent.
What is the difference between a flat fee and a fixed fee?
Yes, a flat fee and a fixed fee are the same when it comes to how a real estate agent is paid.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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