Guide to Chartered Banks

Guide to Chartered Banks

A chartered bank is a bank whose operations and services are governed by a charter issued at the state or federal level.

A charter is a legal document that essentially tells the bank what it can and can’t do. Chartered banks can be commercial banks but they can also operate as savings banks, savings and loan associations, online-only banks, or credit unions. They can accept deposits and make loans, just like other banks.

There are, however, a few characteristics that make chartered banks unique. And it’s important to know that not all banking startups may offer the benefits of chartered banks. Learn the details here.

What Is a Chartered Bank?

A chartered bank is any bank that’s authorized to accept deposits or lend money according to the terms of a legally recognized charter. Chartered banks are subject to oversight from the government agency that issues their charters.

Like other banks, chartered banks can offer different types of financial accounts, including:

•   Checking accounts

•   Savings accounts

•   Money market accounts

•   Certificate of deposit accounts

•   Specialty accounts, such as custodial accounts or bank accounts for college students

Chartered banks can also offer various types of loans, including personal loans, auto loans, lines of credit, and mortgages.

A chartered bank may have a physical footprint with brick-and-mortar branches and ATMs. Or it may operate online-only. Both traditional and online chartered banks can allow customers to access their money via online banking, mobile banking, or phone banking.

How Does a Chartered Bank Work?

Chartered banks work by accepting deposits and making loans. When you deposit money into a savings account at a chartered bank, for instance, the bank may pay you interest on those funds. Meanwhile, the bank uses your deposits and those of other customers to make loans, charging borrowers interest in the process. That’s largely how banks make profit.

A chartered bank can also generate revenue by charging its customers fees. If you’ve ever paid an overdraft fee, for example, you’re aware of how much a single fee can add up to. How much you pay in fees to a chartered bank can depend on whether you’re dealing with a brick-and-mortar or online bank. Since online banks tend to have lower overhead costs, they can pass the savings on to their customers in the form of higher rates on deposits and lower fees.

Banks must apply for a charter; they’re not granted automatically. Each state sets its own requirements for state-chartered banks. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) regulates federally-chartered banks.

Regardless of whether the bank is chartered by the state or federal government, the bank must insure deposits through Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) coverage. This covers up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, per insured institution. The bank must also apply for approval to join the Federal Reserve System if it wishes to do so.

Chartered banks may or may not be part of the SWIFT banking system. SWIFT, short for Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, is an electronic messaging system that’s used to send financial transactions around the world. A chartered bank can, however, still process wire transfers and other electronic transactions even if they’re not part of SWIFT.

What Is a State Chartered Bank?

You may wonder what it means if a bank is chartered by the state vs. the federal government. Here’s a closer look.

A state-chartered bank is a bank that receives its charter from the state. As such, it’s subject to regulation by the chartering agency in that state. Again, the requirements to obtain a charter and the rules the bank is expected to follow once they secure a charter will depend on the state.

In California, for example, the process to become a chartered bank is similar to the process for establishing a commercial bank. Before a bank can apply for a charter, it has to complete a feasibility study, receive approval to proceed from the local government, and receive voter approval. The application itself is just a simple form, often only a couple of pages.

State-chartered banks that are part of the Federal Reserve System are regulated by the Fed. Any state-chartered bank that isn’t part of the Federal Reserve System is regulated by the FDIC instead. The FDIC regulates more than 5,000 state-chartered banks and savings associations.

What Is a Federally Chartered Bank?

Next, here’s a look at what a federally chartered bank is. It’s a bank that receives its charter from the federal government. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is responsible for regulating nationally-chartered banks and savings associations. The OCC is an independent branch of the Treasury Department.

Federally chartered banks are authorized to operate on a national scale. A federally chartered bank can be a traditional financial institution or an online banking platform.

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Chartered Bank Oversight

Now that you know what is a chartered bank and what isn’t, here’s a bit more about how chartered banks are regulated. They are typically subject to oversight from the agency that issued their charter. Generally speaking, this oversight is designed to ensure the smooth operation of the bank itself while protecting consumer interests. Some of the things chartering agencies do include:

•   Visiting the bank to conduct on-site examinations

•   Monitoring the bank’s compliance with banking laws

•   Issuing regulations to cover banking operations

•   Taking enforcement actions when a bank violates a regulation or rule

•   Ensuring that the bank is financially sound and is conducting ethical banking practices

In extreme cases, the chartering agency may revoke the bank’s charter or close a bank if it fails. In the case of FDIC member banks, the FDIC steps in to cover deposits for customers. As noted, the current FDIC coverage limit is $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, per financial institution.

Chartered vs Online Banks

A bank can be chartered and have branches, or it can be chartered and operate online. In terms of what’s different between chartered banks that have physical branches and those that operate online, here are a few things to know:

•   Online banks tend to offer higher interest rates on savings accounts and possibly checking, too.

•   Online banks may also charge fewer bank fees, since they have lower overhead costs.

•   Brick-and-mortar chartered banks may offer a wider selection of banking products and services.

•   Traditional chartered banks can offer in-person banking, while online banks may limit you to accessing your account online or via a mobile banking app.

Whether it makes sense to choose a traditional chartered bank vs. an online bank can depend on your preferences and needs. If you want to get the best rates on savings and don’t mind branchless banking, then you might choose an online bank. On the other hand, if you like being able to pop into a branch from time to time, you might prefer a brick-and-mortar chartered bank.

Keep in mind, however, that not all online financial companies (sometimes called fintechs) are chartered banks. There are many startups, but it’s wise to do your research and see what benefits and protections they offer, either by reading the fine print or asking customer service.

Recommended: Online vs. Traditional Banking: What’s Your Best Option?

Chartered vs Commercial Banks

A commercial bank is a financial institution that engages in banking services, including accepting deposits and making loans. In that sense, it sounds similar to a chartered bank. In fact, a commercial bank can be a chartered bank, though not all commercial banks are.

Examples of chartered commercial banks include:

•   National banks that are chartered by the OCC

•   Non-member banks that are state-chartered but not part of the Federal Reserve System

•   State member banks that are state-chartered and part of the Federal Reserve System

When comparing a chartered vs. commercial bank, the main difference is the charter. A chartered bank is required to have either a state or national charter; a commercial bank may be chartered, but it isn’t required to be in order to operate.

Should I Do Business With a Chartered Bank?

Whether you opt to do business with a chartered bank is a matter of personal preference. Opening accounts with a chartered bank could give you some peace of mind since you know the bank is subject to regulation. And in the rare event that the bank fails, the FDIC can step in and restore your deposits to you.

When comparing chartered banks, consider such aspects as:

•   Account types offered

•   Account fees

•   Interest rates for deposit accounts

•   Interest rates for loans if you plan to borrow

•   Minimum deposit requirements

•   Access and convenience

•   Customer support availability

Security is another factor to weigh. The safety of mobile banking, for instance, might concern you if you’re used to managing your accounts at a branch or ATM. The good news is that online banks, chartered or not, have increasingly stepped up security efforts to protect customer accounts.

Keep in mind that you’re not limited to just one bank either. You may choose to open a checking account at a traditional chartered bank, for instance, and a high-yield savings account at an online bank. If you’re wondering whether to have a lot of bank accounts, it can be helpful to have checking and savings at a minimum.

You can use checking to hold the money you plan to spend now, and savings for the money you want to grow. Or you might prefer a simple hybrid approach that gives you the best of both worlds in one place.

Recommended: How to Open a New Bank Account

The Takeaway

Whether you open your accounts at a chartered bank or not, it’s important to find a financial institution that matches your needs. If you’ve only ever done business with traditional banks, you may want to consider the merits of using an online bank.

SoFi holds a national banking charter, an important point to consider as you think about your banking options.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Are all banks federally chartered?

No, not all banks are federally chartered. Some banks hold a state charter instead.

What is a non-chartered bank?

A non-chartered bank is a bank that does not have a federal or state charter. Neobanks are an example of a bank that has no charter, though technically, they do not meet the strict definition of a bank.

What is the difference between a state and federally chartered bank?

State-chartered banks receive their charters from state agencies. They’re subject to regulation by the FDIC or the Federal Reserve if they’re part of the Federal Reserve System. Federally-chartered banks receive their charters from the federal government and are regulated by the OCC, or Office of the Comptroller of Currency.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Are Sinking Fund Categories?

What Are Sinking Fund Categories?

Sinking funds are tools that people or businesses can use to set aside money for a planned expense. For instance, you may know that you want to take a vacation next year, so you may start putting cash in an envelope in order to save up for that vacation. That, in effect, is a sinking fund.

Sinking fund categories, as such, depend on the expenses relevant to each individual. They can include auto repairs, health care costs, gifts, insurance payments, vacation funds, and more.

You can think of sinking funds as a way of “sinking” your money into an account for later use. It’s basically a savings strategy. We’ll get into it more below.

General Definition of Sinking Funds

The term “sinking fund” has its roots in the world of corporate finance, but mostly refers to the way that an individual would utilize them: for setting aside money or various types of income for a future expense.

Sinking funds are smaller offshoots of an overall budget. Putting together a sinking fund entails stashing money in reserve for the future, knowing what that money will eventually be spent on.

For instance, some people like to pay their car insurance in six-month installments. They may sock money away each month in anticipation of the next six-month installment payment, so that they’re not hit with a big expense all at once.

Their car insurance sinking fund contains the money they need, so they don’t have to scramble to cover the cost every six months.

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Examples of Sinking Funds Categories

When it comes to sinking funds categories, there are no hard and fast rules. Different individuals have different financial needs and planned expenditures. As such, their sinking funds categories are going to vary. That said, some common sinking fund categories are applicable to most individuals. Here are some examples:

•   Vacations

•   Gifts and holiday-related expenses

•   A new vehicle or regular maintenance and insurance costs

•   A home purchase or home maintenance expense

•   Medical and dental costs

•   Childcare costs

•   Tuition expenses

•   Pet expenses, such as veterinarian visits

A sinking fund can be helpful in saving for just about anything.

Recommended: How to Set Your Financial Goals

Sinking Fund Category Calculations

Setting up a sinking fund is easy enough: You can stuff cash under your mattress or use a savings vehicle like a savings account. The difficulty for most of us comes in regularly contributing to it. But the trickiest part may be figuring out how much you should be contributing.

A budget planner app can come in handy, as you’ll be able to see how much money you have to dole out to your sinking fund categories after your monthly expenses have been taken care of.

Similarly, if you stick to a certain budget type — such as the 50/30/20 rule — that may help determine what you can contribute.

To calculate how much you can contribute to a sinking fund, first you’ll need to decide which sinking funds are the most important. Another consideration is which fund will need to be utilized first — perhaps you have an auto insurance payment coming up before a vacation. Priorities and timing both affect your sinking fund calculations.

In corporate finance, there is an actual sinking fund formula that helps a company figure out how much it needs to put away to pay off a long-term debt in a lump sum, while paying minimum amounts in the meantime. This can apply to individuals, too.

The formula looks at the amount of money already accumulated, multiplies it by any applicable interest, then divides it by the time period remaining on the loan. Using this calculation can tell you the monthly amount needed to be contributed to a sinking fund to reach a debt-payoff goal.

For individuals, however, it can be as simple as looking at your monthly income and dividing extra cash accordingly into your sinking fund categories.

Types of Sinking Funds

How do you save up a sinking fund? There are a few savings vehicles you can utilize.

The most obvious, and probably the simplest, is to keep the sinking fund in cash, and store it somewhere safe. Of course, that money won’t be earning any interest, and will likely lose value on an annual basis due to inflation, but it’s one way to do it.

Perhaps the best and safest option is to open up individual savings accounts at your financial institution for each of your sinking fund categories. This beats cash because your sinking fund is protected (and insured up to $250,000 by the FDIC), and you will earn a little interest on it, too.

Recommended: Money Market Account vs Savings Account

Best Time to Take Advantage of Sinking Funds Categories

Sinking funds are all about using time to your advantage, by saving up for a planned or known expense well ahead of time. As such, the best time to take advantage of them is when that expense finally does arrive, be it a pricey vacation, a new car, or sending a child to college.

There may be times or periods during the year when it’s more advantageous to save than others. For instance, most people experience a financial crunch during the holiday season — there are gifts to buy, parties to attend, and other demands on your income. So that may not be the best time to “sink” money into a fund.

Instead, think about when you may have some extra money, such as when you get a tax refund or receive a cash gift for your birthday. Those are the times when you may want to add something to your sinking funds.

The Takeaway

Sinking funds are designated cash reserves for future expenses. Using a sinking fund means that you’re stashing money away for an upcoming, known expense, and relieving some of the financial pressure of that expense ahead of time.
Sinking fund categories can vary, depending on your individual situation. Corporations and businesses also use sinking funds.

Sinking funds are a way to get ahead of your planned expenses, and give yourself some financial wiggle room. A money tracker app can help you do the same.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What to put in sinking funds?

You’ll put cash in a sinking fund — cash to use on an upcoming expense at a later time. What that expense is (i.e., a sinking fund’s category) will vary depending on your specific financial needs.

What is a sinking fund leasehold?

A sinking fund leasehold contains funds for repairs or renovations to a rental property. The leaseholder or landlord sets aside a small percentage of the rental money collected every month to build up the fund.

What is the difference between a reserve fund and a sinking fund?

The two are more or less the same. The big difference is that a sinking fund’s contents are designated for a specific purpose or expense, whereas a reserve fund contains funds used for general future expenses.


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SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How to Cash a Postal Money Order

How to Cash a Postal Money Order

Anyone can use a money order to send or receive money. While money orders aren’t the most common tool, they’re usually simple to obtain and cash. To cash a money order at no charge, visit your local post office branch and present your money order at the window.

In this article, we outline where to cash postal money orders and what the process looks like.

Key Points

•   Money orders can be cashed at various locations, including banks, credit unions, post offices, and retail stores.

•   Some places may charge a fee to cash a money order, so it’s important to compare fees before choosing a location.

•   To cash a money order, you typically need to endorse it and provide identification.

•   It’s important to keep the receipt or a copy of the money order in case it gets lost or stolen.

•   If you don’t have a bank account, you can still cash a money order by using a check cashing service.

What Is a Postal Money Order?

A postal money order is a type of financial certificate issued on paper by the post office. Similar to a paper check, the document is worth the amount of money determined by the person or company that purchased it. While you can obtain a regular money order from almost any bank, only the United States Postal Service (USPS) issues postal money orders.

Unlike a check, a postal money order is prepaid by the party sending it, so it can’t bounce. Money orders also never expire. A receipt is provided to the purchaser in case the money order is lost, stolen, or damaged. As a result, you can use a postal money order to securely send a payment through the mail.

Another advantage of money orders is that they are difficult to counterfeit. You can make a payment of up to $1,000 with a single order.

To send a money order, you must pay for it ahead of time using cash, a debit card, or a traveler’s check. Although it is possible to buy a regular money order with a credit card, you cannot put postal money orders on a credit card.

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Recommended: What Is a Niche Bank?

How to Cash a Postal Money Order Step by Step

If you receive a postal money order, you can redeem its face value by cashing it. There is no advantage in keeping a postal money order long-term, since it doesn’t earn interest and cannot be used directly to make a purchase.

Here’s how to cash a money order at the post office for free:

1.    Bring the money order and a photo ID to a post office service counter.

2.    Sign the money order in view of the postal worker (do not sign it ahead of time).

3.    You will immediately receive the cash value of the money order.

Where to Cash a Postal Money Order

You can cash a postal money order in certain places outside the post office. Many banks will cash postal money orders, as long as you have an account there. Some grocery stores and retailers will cash money orders, too.

Because proof of ID is required, you cannot deposit money orders via a mobile banking app.

List of Places That Cash Money Orders

Here are some locations that may cash a postal money order:

•   Most banks. Check with your local branch.

•   Check-cashing retailer. Consumers without a bank account or nearby post office may cash money orders here for a fee.

•   International postal office. The post office offers special international money orders that can be cashed at banks and post offices in some other countries.

•   Rural mail carrier. Some mail carriers may cash money orders for rural customers if they have enough cash on hand.

•   Some supermarkets and major retailers. Search online for “places to cash a money order near me.”

Recommended: Alternative to Traditional Banks

How to Identify a Fake Postal Money Order

You’ll want to examine your money order before attempting to deposit it in order to ensure it’s authentic. Here are a few ways to spot a fraudulent postal money order:

•   Look closely at the paper. Valid postal money orders have special markings and designs to prevent fraud. Visit USPS.com to view a sample money order.

•   Review sum amount. If the dollar amount is faded, too large, or not printed twice on the paper, it could be fraudulent. All postal money orders must be under $1,000 and have the sum printed twice on the paper. International postal money orders cannot exceed $700, or $500 for El Salvador and Guyana.

If you think your postal money order is fake, contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service at 1-877-876-2455.

Recommended: 7 Ways to Cash a Check Without a Bank Account

The Takeaway

Cashing a USPS money order is a straightforward process. Your local post office can cash a postal money order at no cost to you. You may also be able to cash a postal money order at a bank branch if you have an account there, or at your local supermarket.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Can you mobile deposit a USPS money order?

Unfortunately, you cannot use mobile deposit for USPS money orders. Instead, you must deposit it in person with a valid ID.

Where can I cash a money order for free?

You can cash a postal money order for free at your local post office. You may also be able to cash it at your local bank branch.

Can you cash a money order online?

Since you need proof of ID to deposit a postal money order, you usually can’t deposit it online.


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SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Percentage of Income Should Go to Rent and Utilities?

What Percentage of Income Should Go to Rent and Utilities?

A common rule of thumb for renters states that no more than 30% of your income should go to rent and utility payments each month. This guideline dates back to housing initiatives introduced by the federal government in the 1960s.

Deciding what percentage of income should go to rent and utilities is central to making a realistic budget as a renter. The less you can spend on these items each month, the more money you’ll have to fund your financial goals. Read on for more about calculating a housing budget that’s right for you, as well as creative ways to cut your housing costs.

What Is the 30% Rule?

The 30% rule says that households should spend no more than 30% of their income on housing costs, including rent and utilities. This housing affordability advice dates back to the 1969 Brooke Amendment, which was passed in response to rental price increases and complaints about public housing services.

The Brooke Amendment capped rent for public housing at 25% of residents’ income. This measure was designed to offer financial relief to low-income households participating in public housing programs. In 1981, Congress increased the 25% threshold to 30%, where it has remained to the present day.

Recommended: Should I Sell My House Now or Wait

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What Is 30% Based on?

The 30% rule for housing affordability considers two distinct categories of costs: housing and utilities. For renters, this generally means rental payments and basic utilities such as electric, water, and heating. Collectively, these expenses should total no more than 30% of a renter’s gross monthly income.

Gross income is what someone earns before taxes and other deductions are taken out. Net income, on the other hand, is what they actually take home in their paychecks. Basing the 30% rule on someone’s gross income versus their net income will result in a higher dollar amount that should be allocated to rent and utilities.

It’s also important to remember that the 30% rule isn’t set in stone. The average monthly expenses for one person will vary depending on your location’s cost of living, optional costs like renter’s insurance, and whether you have a very low or high income.

If you need help managing your finances, online tools like a money tracker can help you monitor spending, set budgets, and keep tabs on your credit score.

Calculating the Percentage to Go to Rent and Utilities

Figuring out what percentage of income should go to rent and utilities using the 30% rule is a fairly simple calculation. You’d multiply your gross monthly income by 0.30 to figure out the maximum amount you should be budgeting for rent and utility costs. How complicated this calculation is can depend on how often you’re paid and whether your paychecks are always the same amount.

If You Are Paid the Same Amount Every Two Weeks

If you’re paid biweekly and your paychecks are the same, you can calculate your target rent and utilities in one of two ways. First, you take the gross amount reported on one of your paychecks and multiply it by 0.30. You then double that result to find the monthly amount.

So, say your biweekly gross income is $2,500. Thirty percent of that number is $750 ($2,500 x 0.30). If you double it, then your rent and utilities budget should be no more than $1,500 per month.

This strategy doesn’t take into account the two months in a year that there are three biweekly paychecks, however. If you want to find the average amount to spend on rent and utilities each month, you can multiply your biweekly gross paycheck amount by 26 (for 26 paychecks in one year), divide by 12 (for 12 months), then find 30% of that amount.

So using the $2,500 figure once again, if you multiply that by 26, you’d get $65,000. Divide that by 12 to get $5,417 (rounded up), your monthly pay. Thirty percent of that is $1,625, the amount you’d allocate to rent and utilities per month.

If You Are Paid Varying Amounts Every Paycheck

Pinpointing what percentage of income should go to rent and utilities can be a little more challenging if your paychecks aren’t the same from one pay period to the next. That might happen if you’re paid hourly and work different hours each week, receive vacation or sick pay, or part of your income is based on commissions.

In that scenario, you’d want to look at your annual income in its entirety. You can do that by looking at all of your pay stubs for the previous 12 months or checking your most recent W-2 form. Again, you’re looking at gross income, not net pay.

You’d take the gross income for the year, then multiply it by 0.30 to figure out how much of your pay should go to rent and utilities overall. If your gross annual income was $70,000, then your target number would be $21,000 for the year. Divide that by 12 and you’ll find that you should be spending no more than $1,750 per month on rent and utilities using the 30% rule.

How to Reduce Your Rent to 30% or Less of Your Income

If you’ve done the calculations and you’re spending more than 30% of your income on rent and utilities, there are some things you may be able to do to reduce those costs.

Split the Rent With Roommates

Taking on one or more roommates could ease some of the financial load. Remember, it’s important to have a written agreement in place specifying what percentage of rent and utilities each roommate is responsible for.

Also, determine who will pay the rent and utility bills when everyone is chipping in. For example, one person may volunteer to collect payments from everyone else and then cut a check to the landlord or utility company. Consider using a budget planner app to keep track of household bills and payments.

Recommended: 25 Tips for Sharing Expenses With Roommates

Consider a New Location

Moving is another possibility for lowering rent and utility costs if you’re relocating to an area with a lower cost of living. Rent in rural areas may be cheaper than in a trendy urban center, for example. There can even be significant variation in rents in different neighborhoods within the same city.

Keep in mind that relocating can have its trade-offs. For instance, living in a less expensive area may mean giving up certain amenities you enjoyed in your old neighborhood, like walkability or convenient access to stores and restaurants. And of course, you’ll also have to budget for the costs of moving, which can average $1,250 for a local move or $4,890 for a long-distance move.

Work Remotely

Working remotely can have its advantages, including saving money on certain expenses. For example, you may spend less on gas, meals out with coworkers, or office attire.

That said, if you are on a computer all day, you’ll want to take steps to lower your energy bill, such as unplugging at the end of the day and buying energy-efficient lights.

Opting for remote work could also save you money on rent if you’re able to become location-independent. When you’re not tied to a particular city, that frees you up to seek out cheaper areas to live. You could even forgo renting altogether and become a digital nomad. That has its own costs, but you’re not locked in to paying rent to a landlord or utility payments long-term.

Negotiate With Your Landlord

The most effective way to reduce your rent may be to go straight to the landlord and negotiate your rent. Your landlord may be willing to offer a discount or reduced rental rate under certain conditions.

For example, your landlord might agree to reduce your rent by 10% or 15% if you pay six months in advance or agree to a longer lease term. The prospect of guaranteed rental income might be attractive enough for them to offer you a better deal.

You may also be able to get a rate discount by offering to take care of certain maintenance and upkeep tasks yourself. If your landlord normally pays for lawn care, for example, they may be willing to let you pay less in rent if you’re working off the difference by cutting the grass and maintaining the property’s landscaping.

Ask for a Promotion or Find a New Job

Instead of attempting to reduce your costs, you could try a different tactic: Making more money means you can budget more for rent and utility costs.

Asking your boss for a raise or promotion might boost your paycheck. If you hit a dead end, you may consider a more drastic move and look for a higher-paying job. Taking on a part-time job or starting a side hustle can also help you bring in more money to cover rent and utility payments.

What to Consider if 30% Doesn’t Work for You

As noted above, the 30% rule for housing is a somewhat arbitrary number and may not work for everyone. Spending more than 30% of your income on rent and utilities doesn’t automatically mean that you’re living beyond your means, for a variety of reasons.

There are, however, a few actions you can take to streamline your finances and determine what percentage of income should go to rent and utilities.

Try the 50/30/20 Rule

The 50/30/20 budget rule recommends spending 50% of your income on needs, 30% on wants, and the remaining 20% on savings and debt repayment. This budgeting method doesn’t specify an exact percentage or dollar amount to spend on rent and utilities. Instead, those expenses get grouped into the 50% of income allocated to “needs”.

You still need to keep track of your spending to make sure you’re staying within the 50% limit. Using an online budget planner can help you figure out if the 50/30/20 rule is realistic based on your income and expenses.

Pay Down Loans and Debt

Total U.S. household debt reached $17.69 trillion in the first quarter of 2024, according to Federal Reserve data. While a big chunk of that is mortgage debt, Americans also pay a sizable amount of money to credit cards, student loans, personal loans, auto loans, and other debts.

Working to pay off debts can free up more money to allocate to rent and utilities. There are different methods you can use, including the debt snowball method and the debt avalanche.

Look for Cost Savings in Recurring Expenses

One more way to make shouldering higher rent costs easier is to lower your other expenses. Making small changes at home can lead to lower electricity and water bills. Cutting out subscriptions you don’t use, looking for a better deal on car insurance, and eating more meals at home instead of dining out are all simple ways to lower your expenses.

The Takeaway

If you’re spending 30% of your gross (before tax) income or less on rent and utilities, pat yourself on the back. You may spend up to 50% on housing if you have no debt and a healthy savings balance. The important thing is to look at your entire financial picture, including your income, debts, and goals, to decide the figure that’s right for you.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

SoFi helps you stay on top of your finances.

FAQ

What is a good percentage of income to spend on rent?

The 30% rule says that renters should spend no more than a third of their gross income on rent and utility payments. The less you can spend on rent and utilities, the more money you’ll have to fund other financial goals, like saving for emergencies, paying off debt, and planning for retirement.

Is 30% of income on rent too much?

Spending 30% of income on rent may be too much if a significant part of your income is also going toward debt repayment. That may leave you with little money to cover other necessary expenses or discretionary spending.

How much of your monthly income should go to rent?

A common rule of thumb says that roughly one-third of your monthly gross income can go to rent. But if you have substantial savings and no debt, you may be OK with spending a larger percentage of income on rent. On the other hand, if you’re trying to pay off debt or build savings, you may prefer to spend less on rent payments.


Photo credit: iStock/deliormanli

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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Can You Refinance Student Loans More Than Once?

Refinancing your student debt can have many benefits, including saving money on interest, lowering your monthly payments, or changing your repayment terms. But can you do it more than once? And, if so, should you?

Yes. And maybe.

There is no limit on how many times you can refinance your student loans. If your finances and credit have improved since you last refinanced and/or market interest rates have gone down, it may be worthwhile to refinance your loans, even if you’ve refinanced before.

That said, refinancing multiple times isn’t always worthwhile. Here are key things to consider before you refinance your student loans more than once.

How Many Times Can You Refinance Student Loans?

Technically, there is no limit to the number of times you can refinance your student loans with a private lender. In fact, as long as you qualify, you can refinance your student loans as many times and as often as you’d like. And given that lenders often don’t charge prepayment penalties or origination fees, there may be no extra cost involved with refinancing your student loans again.

Refinancing student loans again generally makes the most sense when your finances or credit score improves or interest rates decline. In these cases, it may be possible to save thousands of dollars in interest by reducing your interest rate by a couple percentage points.

If you’re not able to get a lower rate, however, refinancing may not make sense, especially if it extends your repayment term, leading to higher costs.

Also keep in mind that if you only have federal student loans, refinancing with a private lender may not be your best option, since it means giving up government protections like income-driven repayment plans and Public Service Loan Forgiveness.

When Should You Consider Refinancing Your Student Loans Again?

If you’ve already refinanced your loans with a private lender, here are some key reasons why you might consider refinancing again.

Your Financial Situation Has Changed

If you have experienced a significant improvement in your credit score, income, or overall financial health since your last refinance, you may be eligible for a better loan rate and terms than you did even a year ago. In fact, some borrowers with limited or poor credit might refinance their loans multiple times as their credit score improves and they become more desirable applicants.

Interest Rates Have Come Down

Student loan rates are not only tied to your creditworthiness, but also current economic conditions. If market interest rates have dropped since your last refinance, you might be able to secure a lower rate, reducing your overall interest payments. Even a small reduction in interest rates can lead to substantial savings over the life of the loan.

It’s a good idea to keep an eye on market trends and compare current rates to what you’re paying to determine if refinancing again makes financial sense.

Recommended: 3 Factors That Affect Student Loan Interest Rates

You’re Looking for Different Loan Terms

Changing loan terms can also be a reason to refinance again. Perhaps your initial refinance resulted in a longer loan term to lower your monthly payments, but now you’re in a better financial position and can afford higher payments to pay off your loan faster.

Conversely, you might need to extend your loan term to lower monthly payments due to a change in financial circumstances. Just be aware that extending your repayment term can cost you more money in interest over time.

What Are Some Advantages of Refinancing Multiple Times?

Before you decide to refinance your student loan again, it’s important to know the advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. Here’s a look at some of the pros of refinancing more than once.

•   Save money: Refinancing multiple times can help you take advantage of lower interest rates as your financial situation improves or as market rates decrease. Each reduction in interest rates can save you money over the life of your loan. You can also shorten your loan term to pay off your debt faster, which can also reduce what you pay in interest.

•   Better lender benefits: Refinancing with a different lender can provide access to better benefits, such as more flexible repayment options and hardship programs (such as deferment or forbearance). Choosing a lender that offers these benefits can provide additional financial security.

•   Promotional offers: Some lenders will offer special promotions or discounts for refinancing with them — if you see a great deal, it may be worth making the switch to that lender.

What Are Some Disadvantages of Refinancing Multiple Times?

Refinancing again also has potential drawbacks. Here are some to consider.

•   Credit impact: When you formally apply for a refinance, the lender runs a hard credit inquiry, which can negatively affect your credit score. While a single inquiry has a minimal impact, multiple inquiries in a short period can lower your credit score.

•   You could end up paying more: If you refinance to a longer repayment term, or even the same term every few years, you’re extending the amount of interest payments you make. This can keep you in debt longer and increase the total amount of interest you pay. If you refinance to a variable-rate student loan, the rate could also go up during the life of the loan.

•   Time and effort: The process of refinancing can be time-consuming, involving research and making comparisons between lenders, as well as paperwork and credit checks. Doing this multiple times requires a significant investment of time and effort. It might not always be worth it if you won’t save much money with your new loan.

Things to Look for When Refinancing

If you’re considering another refinance, it’s important to look at the following factors to ensure you’re making a smart financial decision.

•   Interest rates: Compare the offered interest rates with your current rate to ensure you’re getting a better deal.

•   Fixed vs. variable rates: Variable-rate loans have interest rates that typically start off lower, but can fluctuate based on market rates. The rate could climb if the rate or index it’s tied to goes up (and vice versa). Variable-rate loans might be a good choice for shorter-term loans. The longer the loan term, the bigger the chance of a rate hike.

•   Loan terms: Evaluate the terms of the new loan, including the length of the loan and monthly payment amounts. Keep in mind that a longer term can lead to lower payments but increase the total cost of your loan in the end.

•   Fees and costs: Be aware of any fees associated with the refinance and calculate whether the savings outweigh these costs.

•   Lender reputation: Research the lender’s reputation and customer service to ensure you’re working with a reliable and supportive institution.

•   Borrower benefits: Consider the benefits offered by the lender, such as flexible repayment options, forbearance, or deferment.

Recommended: How Soon Can You Refinance Student Loans?

Refinancing Your Student Loans With SoFi

Refinancing student loans multiple times can be a strategic move to save money and better manage your debt. While there’s no limit to how many times you can refinance, it’s important to carefully consider the costs, benefits, and your financial goals each time.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Can I consolidate student loans more than once?

Typically, you can’t consolidate federal student loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan more than once. However, you may be able to do this if you have federal loans that were not included in a previous consolidation, or you previously consolidated loans under the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) consolidation program. Remember that federal consolidation does not lower your interest rate.

With private student loan consolidation, called refinancing, there is no limit on the number of times it can be done. Each refinance creates a new loan with new terms, so you’ll want to evaluate the benefits, interest rates, and any potential fees before deciding to refinance again.

How many times can you refinance a loan?

There is typically no set limit on how many times you can refinance a loan, including student loans. As long as you qualify, you can refinance your student loans as many times and as often as you’d like. Each refinance involves taking out a new loan to pay off the existing one, so it’s important to consider factors like interest rates, loan term, and any associated fees.

How many times can you take out student loans?

There’s no set limit on how many student loans you can take out, but the federal government and private lenders do impose lending limits based on dollar amount.

For federal student loans, there are annual and aggregate (lifetime) limits based on your degree level and dependency status. For private student loans, lenders set their own annual and aggregate student limits. Often, they will cover up to the annual cost of attendance minus other financial aid each year.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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