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Navigating Needs vs Wants: Your Guide to Smart Budgeting

Budgets typically require you to categorize your expenses by “needs” versus “wants.” While that sounds straightforward enough, it’s not always easy to do. There may be times when you want something so badly (say, a leather jacket or trendy sneakers), it feels like a need. Or, you might dismiss a real need, like taking a week off work, as a want by not fully grasping its importance to your mental health.

Distinguishing between wants and needs, however, is key to your financial well-being — it provides the framework for a budget, allows you to make the most of the money you have, and can help you reach your future goals.

Read on to learn the real difference between needs versus wants, and how to fit both into your budget.

Key Points

•   Differentiating between needs and wants is essential for effective budgeting, as it helps manage essential living expenses while allowing for enjoyable purchases.

•   Needs typically include essential items for survival and functionality, such as food, housing, transportation, and healthcare, while wants enhance quality of life.

•   The distinction between needs and wants can be subjective, as individual circumstances may influence whether an expense is categorized as essential or indulgent.

•   Implementing a budgeting method like the 50/30/20 rule helps allocate finances into needs, wants, and savings, promoting better financial management.

•   Regularly reviewing and adjusting budgets ensures they remain relevant to changing financial situations and goals, fostering long-term financial health.

What Is a Need vs a Want?

Both wants and needs are factors that drive your spending behavior. Understanding the difference between wants and needs is key for setting up a budget that allows you to meet your basic needs, enjoy your life, and still work towards your future goals.

•   Needs are usually defined for budgeting purposes as your essential living expenses, things necessary for your health, and expenses that are required for you to do your job.

•   Wants, on the other hand, are generally defined as desires for things that go beyond the basic necessities. They can range from small indulgences like a fancy coffee or a new hardcover book to luxurious items like a premium car or designer clothes.

To stay on top of your budget and avoid overspending, it’s important to distinguish between needs and wants. However, you may find that these terms are more fluid than they appear at first. While working through your list of expenses, it may seem like items can fit into both categories, making the process somewhat confusing. It can help to dive deeper into what exactly constitutes a need versus a want.

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Identifying Your Needs

Strictly defined, money management guides will tell you that a need is something that is necessary to live and function. By this definition, a need includes food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.

In budgeting, however, the category gets broader. There are things that you could technically survive without, but which you need in order to operate as a functional, productive member of society — and to keep that job that’s getting you the paycheck you need to buy food and keep a roof over your head.

For example, if you work in a position that requires you to show up at a specific time and place, transportation is going to be a need, not a want. Since insurance offers financial protection, and in some cases is legally required, you can count insurance as a need.

Needs tend to be recurring expenses that, generally, eat up a large chunk of your paycheck.

Examples of Needs

Here are some common budget items that typically count as needs:

•   Rent or mortgage payment

•   Utilities (e.g., gas, electricity, water, wifi connection)

•   Food

•   Transportation

•   Insurance

•   Necessary clothing

•   Health care

Recognizing Your Wants

Wants are basically everything that’s not a need. They are expenses that help you live more comfortably and enhance your quality of life.

Wants are the things you buy for fun or leisure. You could live without them, but you enjoy your life more when you have them. For instance, food is a need, but daily lunches out (vs. bringing a turkey on rye sandwich) are likely to be more of a want. Outerwear is definitely essential to protect you from the elements, but if you have two other coats in your closet, that jacket you’re eyeing is probably a want.

Wants are not inherently bad or a poor use of your money. Often, they can help you accomplish important goals like meeting people and socializing with friends, having fun, or staying healthy. Along with needs, they deserve an important place in your budget.

Examples of Wants

Here are some examples of expenses you might classify as wants in your budget:

•   Entertainment

•   Dining out

•   Travel

•   High-end clothing

•   Luxury cars

•   Fitness classes/gym memberships

•   Streaming accounts

•   The latest smartphone

•   Fancy coffees

•   Hobby-related expenses

Where the Line Between Needs vs Wants Gets Blurry

Sussing out your financial needs versus your wants might sound like a simple task. But this seemingly black-or-white issue can actually get surprisingly gray, depending on your situation.

One source of confusion is that wants and needs won’t be the same for everyone. For example, two people may both need a car for work. However, one might need a luxury car to drive around important clients, while the other just needs a car that will get them to and from work. In the second case, a basic car will suffice. Recognizing that you don’t need to go for the top-of-the-line car can help free up funds and give you automatic savings on your spending.

Another complicating factor is that some expenses contain both wants and needs. Your grocery bill, for example, is a need because you need to eat. However, some items on the list, like expensive cheeses, soda, and ice cream represent wants rather than needs. You could survive without them.

The Needs vs Wants Test

To determine if something you want to purchase is a want vs. a need, consider:

•   Does this fulfill a basic need? (Basic needs typically include shelter, food, water, security, health care, and necessary clothing.)

•   Is this essential to living a healthy life?

•   Will not having this in your life cause you any sort of harm?

•   Will this make you happier or healthier in the long term?

•   Is it necessary for you to do your job?

Another good way to differentiate wants vs. needs is to let some time pass before you make a decision about a purchase. Generally, the desire to purchase a need will grow stronger over time, while the desire for a want will wane with passing time.

Another distinguishing characteristic between needs and wants is that needs rarely change over time, whereas wants are often trends that will fade. If you’re trying to rein in unnecessary spending, it pays to consider whether a purchase will make you happy, healthy, or otherwise fulfilled for a long time or if it’s just something you want because it’s currently popular.

While there’s something to be said for retail therapy, you don’t want to fall into the trap of buying things because they make you feel better in the moment (especially if it means running up credit card debt). These purchases tend to get forgotten relatively quickly, sometimes in a just a few days or weeks. If on the other hand, a purchase will likely serve its purpose for at least two years, you can feel better about spending the money.

Practical Strategies for Budgeting

To account for both needs and wants in your budget, you might consider the 50/30/20 budget method.

This approach divides your net income (whether received via direct deposit, mobile deposit, or another way) into three basic categories, spending 50% on needs, 30% on wants, and 20% on savings and paying off debt (beyond the minimum payment). Just keep in mind that those percentages may not be realistic for everyone. If you live in an area with steep housing costs, for example, you may need to spend more than 50% on needs and take some away from the wants and/or savings categories.

•   To see how your spending currently measures up, go through your monthly expenses (including online bill pay), create a master list of things you spend your money on, and then create a list of needs and wants.

•   The next step is to tally up what you’re spending in each category and see how the totals compare to your monthly take-home income. If you find your current spending is out of line with your chosen breakdown (such as 50/30/20), you’ll want to make some adjustments.

•   Next, you’ll want to look for places to cut back. While you may think your needs’ costs are fixed, it may be possible to shop around for a better price on certain monthly essentials, like insurance or a phone plan. Or, maybe you don’t need to drive to work but could spend less by taking public transportation or carpooling with a coworker.

   Typically, however, it’s easiest to find places to cut back in the wants category. For example, you might decide to get take-out less often and cook more nights a week, brown bag your lunch, get rid of streaming services you rarely watch, and/or jog outside instead of going to a gym.

•   Any savings you uncover can then go towards your savings and debt repayment category. This can help you to get out from under high-interest debt faster (which will free up even more money for saving) and allow you to work towards goals like building an emergency fund, going on a vacation, buying a home, and funding your retirement.

You can use a 50/30/20 rule calculator to take a closer look at using this budgeting method.

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Reviewing and Adjusting Your Budget

Once you’ve rejiggered your spending and created a basic 50/30/20 (or similar) budget, it’s important to track your spending to make sure you’re sticking to your budget and spending an appropriate amount on needs versus wants.

•   One easy way to do this is to put a budgeting app on your phone (many are free for the basic service). Budgeting apps typically connect with your financial accounts (including bank accounts and credit cards), track spending, and categorize expenses so you can see exactly where your money is going each month.

•   Once you start tracking your spending, you may find that your original budget breakdown isn’t realistic and you’ll need to make some adjustments to your budget. For example, maybe it isn’t feasible to save 20% of your take-home pay right now. You might start with 5% or 10% and increase the percentage as your income grows.

•   It’s also a good idea to check in on your budget every six to 12 months. Your needs, wants, and goals will change over time. The key to creating a sustainable budget is to treat it as a living document and periodically evaluate it and adjust it as necessary to ensure that it meets your current financial goals.

The Takeaway

Some things you need — a place to live, electricity in your home, gas in your car to get to work — and some things you just want, like tickets to a concert or a membership to a gym. The key to smart budgeting is making room for both needs and wants, as well as saving. There are several techniques, from budgeting apps to various popular methods, that can help provide guardrails for your spending. A balanced budget can help you live well right now while also getting you closer to your short- and long-term financial goals.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


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FAQ

How do I determine if something is a true need?

To determine if something is a true need, ask yourself if it is essential to your survival, your wellbeing, and doing your job. If the answer is yes, it’s a true need. Sometimes, however, the line is blurry. For instance, you may need a smartphone in order to do your job, but that doesn’t necessarily mean you need the latest pricey model.

What percentage of my budget should go to wants?

If you follow the popular 50/30/20 budget rule, 30% of your take-home pay can go toward wants, such as dining out, travel, and other non-essential spending. In some cases, that amount may vary. If you, say, live in an area with a very high cost of living or you have significant debt (mortgage, student loans, and a car loan), you may reduce that allocation to, say, 20% or less.

How can I reduce spending on wants without feeling deprived?

There are various ways to reduce spending on wants without feeling deprived. A couple of ideas: Instead of paying for a pricey gym membership, you might try different free workouts on YouTube. When you go out to eat with a friend, share a main course or a few appetizers. Or skip the expensive cocktails and after-dinner coffee. You also might create a small bucket in your budget for fun spending: If you know you have $20 a week, it can be a treat to decide whether to go out to lunch or, say, get a manicure with that money.

Is a smartphone a need or a want?

A smartphone is one of those “gray area” items. It’s probably vital for you to have a smartphone and stay connected for work and wellness purposes, meaning it’s a need. However, upgrading to the latest expensive model not because your current phone is broken but because the new version has cool features could be an expense that qualifies as a want.


About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.


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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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What Are Margin Rates?

What Are Margin Rates?

A margin rate is the interest rate that applies when investors trade on margin. Margin rates can vary from one brokerage to the next, and there are different factors that affect the rates brokerages charge. Many brokerages use a tiered rate schedule based on the amount of the margin loan.

Trading on margin can increase an investor’s purchasing power and potentially, their returns. Margin trading simply means investing with money borrowed from a brokerage in order to buy more shares than you might otherwise be able. While trading on margin may benefit investors by providing them with additional capital, it can also be riskier than regular online stock trading. Before opening a margin account, it helps to understand the basic margin rate definition.

Key Points

•   Margin rates represent the interest charged on borrowed funds used for trading securities and can vary between different brokerages based on several factors.

•   A margin account allows investors to purchase securities with borrowed money, enabling them to increase their buying power but also introducing additional risks.

•   Factors influencing margin rates include the broker call rate, demand for margin loans, inflation, and the account balance maintained by the investor.

•   Margin rates accrue daily and are charged monthly, meaning that the longer an investor holds a margin loan, the more interest they will pay.

•   Understanding margin rates and their implications is crucial for investors, as these rates directly impact the profitability of margin trading strategies.

Understanding Margin Rates

A margin rate is an interest rate or premium that applies to margin trading accounts with a brokerage.

It helps to start with an overview of how margin accounts work to understand margin rates. Margin accounts allow investors to purchase securities using borrowed money. Investors may use margin to trade options, individual stocks, or other securities. Under Federal Reserve Board Regulation T, brokerage firms must cap the amount investors can borrow up to 50% of the securities’ purchase price. This is called the initial margin.

Investors must also meet maintenance margin requirements in their margin account. Specifically, an investor’s equity can’t fall below 25% of the current market value of the securities held in the account.

If an investor fails to meet maintenance margin guidelines, they may be subject to a margin call. A margin call is when the brokerage requires the investor to deposit more money into their margin account in order to make additional trades.

Brokerage firms charge margin rates, the same way a bank might charge interest on a mortgage or a business loan. Interest is a form of risk management, in the event that a borrower defaults.


💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

How Margin Rates Work

Margin rates represent the cost of borrowing for an investor for an outstanding margin loan. Each brokerage can set the margin rate differently, it typically reflects the current broker call rate or call money rate. This is the rate that the bank charges the broker for the money used to fund investors’ margin loans.

Brokerages can establish a base rate, then add or subtract percentage points from that margin rate based on the margin balance. The higher the balance in a margin account, the lower the likely margin rate. So the more you borrow from the brokerage, the less you’ll pay in interest for it, as a percentage of the balance.

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Factors That Affect Margin Rate

There are a variety of factors that can determine what a brokerage charges for margin rates.

Broker Call Rate

This is the rate that brokerages pay to borrow the money used to fund margin loans. The higher this rate is, the higher the base margin rate may be.

Supply and Demand

Increased demand for margin loans could result in brokerages charging higher margin rates, both to manage risk on those loans and to reap higher profits.

Inflation and Monetary Policy

Margin rates reflect broader interest rates. If banks begin charging brokers higher interest rates, they’ll pass those on to investors.

Account Balance

Maintaining a higher balance on margin could result in a lower margin rate if the brokerage discounts rates for clients who invest more.

How Can Margin Rates Affect You?

Margin rates can determine your total net profit when trading securities on margin.

Assume, for example, that you open a margin account. You want to purchase $10,000 worth of securities of which $5,000 is borrowed money. You take out a margin loan to purchase the stocks. Those same stocks increase in value, so your $10,000 investment ($5,000 of your own money + $5,000 margin) is now worth $15,000.

You sell the stocks and repay the $5,000 you initially borrowed. You also pay $500 in interest to the brokerage for the margin loan. Once you subtract your initial $5,000 investment, the total net profit to you is $4,500.

Now, how do margin rates affect you if your investment doesn’t pan out? Going back to the previous example, say those stocks drop in value to $6,000 rather than increasing. You sell them for that amount, then pay back the $5,000 you borrowed on margin. You also have to pay $500 in interest. If you subtract those amounts from your initial $5,000 investment, you’re now left with only $500.

Understanding margin rates — and the risks involved in margin trading — can help you decide if it’s an investment strategy worth pursuing, based on your risk tolerance and goals.

When Is Margin Rate Charged?

Margin rates are accrued daily and charged on a monthly basis. So as soon as you purchase securities on margin, the margin rate applies and begins accruing. The total amount of margin interest paid depends on how much you borrow from the brokerage, the margin rate and how long it takes you to pay the loan back.

Generally speaking, traders use margins for short-term trading purposes. Though there’s no set end date for margin loans, the longer you take to pay them off, the more interest you’ll pay in total.

How Is Margin Rate Calculated?

Unlike other loans, margin loans typically do not have a set end date. Interest charges accrue monthly. To find the annual interest rate on a margin loan, you’d multiply the margin rate by the principal amount. To find the daily rate, you’d divide that amount by 360 days.

So assume that you have a $100,000 margin loan with a 6.825% margin rate, which is a common margin rate figure at top brokerages. Your yearly interest charges would add up to $6,825. If you divide that by 360, your daily interest charge breaks down to $18.96. If you were to pay your margin loan off in 10 days, you’d pay a total of $189.60 in interest.

Determining how much you’ll pay for a margin loan is relatively easy if you know the margin rates that apply and have an idea of how long it’ll take you to pay it back. At the very least, you can figure out the daily interest charge and use that as a guide for calculating your total profits on a margin trade.


💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).


Test your understanding of what you just read.


The Takeaway

Margin rates refer to the interest rate traders or investors pay on their margin balance – the amount of money they’ve borrowed from a broker to execute traders and buy investments. Margin rates help determine how much traders will pay to use margin, and can help inform investing decisions.

Margin trading is a more advanced investing strategy that requires some consideration of risk and an understanding of market trends. If you’re just getting started with online stock trading and investing, then you may want to get a feel for how stocks work first before opening a margin account.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.¹

FAQ

Are margin rates yearly? Daily?

Margin rates are accrued on a daily basis, and charged by brokerages on a monthly basis. So, every day that a trader has a margin balance, they’re accruing interest in conjunction with their margin rate.

What does margin rate tell you?

The margin rate tells investors how much they’ll pay to borrow money from their brokerage if they trade on margin – or, in other words, it informs them of how much it costs to use margin.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.


Photo credit: iStock/Drazen

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For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


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Guide to Transferring 401(k) to a New Job

It’s easy to forget about an old 401(k) plan when changing to a new job. Some people may forget about it because the company that manages the 401(k)never reminds them. Others are aware of their old account, but they put off the rollover because they think it will be difficult to do.

But by not rolling over your 401(k), you might be losing some serious cash. Here are a few key reasons to prioritize a 401(k) rollover.

Key Points

•   Rolling over a 401(k) may save an employee money if their new employer’s 401(k) plan or a rollover IRA charges lower fees.

•   Rolling over a 401(k) to a new employer’s plan or into a rollover IRA might provide access to better investment options.

•   There’s no requirement to roll over a 401(k) to a new employer’s plan, but consolidating 401(k) savings may make managing them easier.

•   If an employee requests that the funds from a 401(k) rollover be sent to them directly, they have 60 days to send the funds to the new 401(k) plan or IRA account. If they miss the deadline, they may be taxed and have to pay a penalty, since the IRS generally considers this an early withdrawal.

•   Some 401(k) plans offer financial services, such as financial advisor consultations, to help employees manage their plan.

3 Reasons to Transfer Your 401(k) to a New Job

Rolling over a 401(k) can have some significant benefits. Here are three main reasons to consider rolling over a 401(k):

1. You May Be Paying Hidden Fees

Certain fees go into effect when you open a 401(k), which typically include administrative, investment, and custodial fees.

Employers may cover some of these fees until you leave the company. Once you’re gone, that entire cost might shift to you. If the fees are high, rolling over a 401(k) to a plan with lower fees can be advantageous.

2. You Might Be Missing Out on Certain Types of Investments

If you aren’t happy with the investment options in your old plan and your new employer allows you to roll over your old 401(k), you might gain access to a broader range of investment vehicles that better aligns with your financial goals.

Just be aware that investments come with risk, so it makes sense to consider your personal risk tolerance when choosing investment options.

Also, if you leave your 401(k) where it is, you may forget about it and your portfolio may no longer have your desired asset allocation as you get older. It’s important to keep tabs on your investments to ensure they are on track and appropriate for your time horizon and goals.

3. You Could Lose Track of Your 401(k) Account

It’s more common than you might think for people to lose track of old 401(k) accounts. According to one estimate, there are more than 29 million forgotten 401(k) accounts in the U.S. By rolling over a 401(k) to a new plan, you’ll know where your money is.

Losing track of a 401(k) account is not necessarily the fault of an investor — it may simply be logistics. It’s harder and more time-consuming to juggle multiple retirement accounts than it is to manage one. Plus, if you change jobs several times throughout the years, you could end up with a few different 401(k) plans to keep track of.

Do You Have to Rollover Your 401(k) to a New Employer?

You aren’t required to roll over your 401(k) to a new employer’s plan. If you have more than $7,000 in the old 401(k) account, you can leave the funds where they are. But keep in mind that you will no longer be able to make contributions to the account. In fact, one reason you might want to roll over the money into an individual retirement account (IRA) is that you can make annual contributions. In 2024 and 2025, you can contribute up to $7,000 in an IRA, and those 50 and older can contribute up to $8,000.

What happens to your 401(k) when you leave your job and you have between $1,000 and $7,000 in your account? In that case, your former employer may not allow you to keep it there. Instead, they might roll over the 401(k) into an IRA in your name. If you have less than $1,000 in your 401(k), the employer will typically cash out the funds and send you a check for the amount.

What to Do With Your 401(k) After Getting a New Job

When you get a new job, and you have a 401(k) from your previous employer, you have several options. As mentioned above, you can leave the money in your old employer’s 401(k) plan if you have more than $7,000 in the account. But if you have less than that in account, or you don’t like your old employer’s 401(k) plan, you can do one of the following:

Roll Over a 401(k) to Your New Employer’s Plan

If your new employer offers a 401(k) plan and you are eligible to participate, you can roll the money over from your old plan to the new plan. Consolidating your 401(k)s can help you manage all of your retirement savings in one place.

The process is usually simple. You can request that the 401(k) administrator at your old company move the funds into your new employer’s plan through what’s known as a direct transfer.

Roll Over a 401(k) to an IRA

An IRA is another option for your 401(k) funds. Rolling a 401(k) into an IRA can give you more control over your investment options, and you can do it through a direct transfer of funds from your old employer to a new IRA account you set up. Just keep in mind that IRAs don’t come with employer-provided benefits, such as matching contributions.

Recommended: IRA vs 401(k): What Is the Difference?

Cash Out Early

You can also choose to cash out your 401(k). However, if you’re younger than 59 ½, you will have to pay taxes on the money, and perhaps an additional 10% early withdrawal penalty.

Under some qualifying circumstances, the 10% fee may be waived, such as when the funds will be used for eligible medical expenses. But if there are no qualifying circumstances in your situation, think carefully about cashing out your 401(k) to make sure it’s the right choice for you.

What Happens to Your 401(k) if You’ve Been Fired?

If you’ve been fired, you will still have access to the funds you’ve contributed to the account as well as the fully vested employer contributions, known as the 401(k) vested balance.

And as long as you have more than $7,000 in the account, you’ll generally have the same options covered above — you can keep the 401(k) where it is, roll it over to your new employer’s plan, roll it over to an IRA at an online brokerage, or cash it out.

How Long Do You Have to Transfer Your 401(k)?

If you are rolling over your 401(k) to a new employer’s plan or into an IRA, you generally have 60 days from the date you receive the funds to deposit them into the new account. If you don’t complete the rollover within 60 days, the funds will be considered a distribution and they’ll be subject to taxes and penalties if you are under the age of 59 ½.

Advantages of Rolling Over Your 401(k)

Rolling over your 401(k) to your new employer’s plan may provide several benefits. Here are a few ways this option might help you.

One Place for Tax-Deferred Money

Transferring your 401(k) to your new employer’s plan can help consolidate your tax-deferred dollars into one account. Keeping track of and managing one 401(k) account may simplify your money management efforts.

A Streamlined Investment Strategy

Not only does consolidating your old 401(k) with your new 401(k) make money management more straightforward, it can also streamline your investments. Having one account may make it easier to coordinate your investment strategies, target your asset allocations, monitor your progress, and make any adjustments as needed.

Financial Service Offerings

Some 401(k) plans offer financial services, such as financial planner consultations to do such things as answer employees’ questions and help them with general financial planning. If your previous employer didn’t provide this and your new plan does, taking advantage of it may be helpful to you.

Disadvantages of Transferring 401(k) to a New Job

There are some potential drawbacks of rolling over a 401(k) to a new employer’s plan to consider as well. These may include:

•   Loss of certain investment options: Your new employer’s plan may offer different investment options than your old plan, and you may lose some options you liked. The new plan might also offer fewer investment options, limiting your ability to diversify your portfolio.

•   Increased fees: The new employer’s plan may have higher fees associated with it, which could eat into your investments over time.

•   Possible delays: The process of rolling over your 401(k) can take time, which could cause delays in accessing your funds.

How to Roll Over Your 401(k)

So, how do you transfer your 401(k) to a new job? If you’ve decided to roll your funds into your new employer’s 401(k), these are the steps to take:

1.    Contact your new plan’s administrator to get what’s known as the account address for the new 401(k)plan, and then give that information to your old plan’s administrator.

2.    Complete any necessary paperwork required by your old and new employers for the rollover.

3.    Request that your former plan administrator send the funds directly to the new plan. You can also have them send a check to you (it should be made out to the new account’s address), which you then give to the new plan’s administrator.

401(k) Rollover Rules

You may select a direct rollover, trustee-to-trustee transfer, or indirect rollover when rolling over your 401(k) to a new plan.

With a direct rollover, your old employer makes out a check to the new account address. Because the funds are directly deposited into the new account, no taxes are withheld.

With a trustee-to-trustee transfer, the old plan administrator sends the funds to the new plan via an electronic transfer.

With an indirect rollover, the check is payable to you, with 20% withheld for taxes. You’ll have 60 days to roll over the remaining funds into your employer’s plan or an IRA or other retirement plan.

Recommended: Rollover IRA vs. Traditional IRA: What’s the Difference?

Rolling Over a 401(k) Into an IRA

If you choose to roll your 401(k) funds into an IRA, the process is relatively straightforward. Here are the typical steps to take to roll over a 401(k) into an IRA:

1.    Choose an IRA custodian: This is the financial institution that will hold your IRA account. Some popular choices include brokerage firms, banks, credit unions, and online lenders.

2.    Open an IRA account: Once you have chosen an IRA custodian, you can open an IRA account. You will need to provide personal information such as your name, address, and Social Security number.

3.    Request a 401(k) distribution: Contact the plan administrator of your old employer’s 401(k) and request a distribution of your account balance. You will need to specify that you want to do a “direct rollover” or “trustee-to-trustee” transfer to your new IRA account, since these are the most straight forward transfers.

4.    Provide IRA custodian information: Give the 401(k) plan administrator the IRA custodian’s name, address, and account information, so they know where to send the funds.

5.    Wait for the funds to be transferred: The process of transferring funds can take several weeks.

6.    Monitor the account: Once the rollover is complete, check your IRA account to ensure that it has been funded and that the balance is correct.

7.    Invest your funds: After the funds have been transferred to your IRA account, you can begin making investments with the money.

Your 401(k) plan administrator may have specific procedures for rolling over your account, so be sure to follow their instructions. Also, as noted above, there are some rules to follow, such as the 60-day rollover rule. It’s essential to abide by these to avoid penalties.


Test your understanding of what you just read.


The Takeaway

There are benefits to rolling over a 401(k) after switching jobs, including streamlining your retirement accounts and making it easier to manage them. You may choose to roll over your 401(k) into a new employer’s plan, or into an IRA that you manage yourself, which could give you more investment options to choose from. Be sure to weigh the pros and cons of the different choices to help decide which one is best to help you save for retirement.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help build your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Should I roll over my 401(k) to a new employer?

It depends on your specific situation and goals. You might consider rolling over your 401(k) to your new employer if the new plan offers better investment choices or if consolidation leads to lower account fees. Another potential benefit is convenience — it’s easier to manage one account than two. That said, if control is most important to you, rolling over your 401(k) to an IRA, and having more investment options, may be the better choice for you.

How long do you have to move your 401(k) after leaving a job?

If the balance in your 401(k) is $7,000 or more, you can typically leave it there as long as you like. If your balance is $1,000 to $7,000, your former employer may not allow you to leave it there and instead might roll over the 401(k) into an IRA. If you have less than $1,000 in your 401(k), the employer will typically cash out the 401(k) and send you a check for the amount.

Once you initiate the rollover process, you typically have 60 days from the date of distribution to roll over your 401(k) from your previous employer to an IRA or another employer’s plan. Otherwise, it may be considered a taxable distribution and may be subject to penalties. This is primarily the case for indirect rollovers, but check with your plan administrator for specific details.

How do I roll over my 401(k) from my old job to my new job?

To roll over your 401(k) from your old job to your new job, you should contact the administrator of your new employer’s 401(k) plan and ask for the account address for the plan. Next, give the account address to your old plan’s administrator and ask them to transfer the funds directly to the new 401(k).

What happens if I don’t roll over my 401(k) from my previous employer?

Depending on the amount of money in your account, you don’t necessarily need to roll it over. If you have more than $7,000 in your 401(k), you can generally leave it with your old employer, as long as the plan allows it. But if you have less than $7,000 in your account, your employer may not allow you to leave it there. In that case, they might move it to an IRA for you, or send you a check for the money, if it’s less than $1,000.


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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Can You Write a Check From a Savings Account?

Can You Write Checks From a Savings Account?

Typically, you can’t write checks from a savings account. Instead, you can do so from a checking account, which is designed to provide that specific financial service. Savings accounts are primarily for earning interest on your deposits and only occasionally transferring money.

Checks might seem like an old-fashioned payment method, but they can be vital in specific transactions. For instance, you might need to pay the deposit for an apartment rental by check. In addition, personal checks are more secure for mailing payments than cash. While you may want to draw funds from a savings account by check, that’s really not what it’s designed for.

Key Points

•   Writing checks from a savings account is usually not possible; it can typically only be done from a checking account.

•   Savings accounts are primarily for earning interest and occasional money transfers, not for check writing.

•   Checks are still important for certain transactions, such as apartment rental deposits and secure mailing of payments.

•   Savings accounts are designed for saving money, earning interest, and providing security for future needs.

•   While payments cannot typically be made directly from a savings account using checks, automatic transfers and mobile banking can be used for certain transactions.

Why You Can’t Write Checks from a Savings Account

You can’t usually write checks from a savings account because these accounts are for earning interest on cash you leave alone. What’s more, you may be restricted as to how often you can transfer money out of a savings account, too.

Part of the way a bank makes money is to lend out your funds on deposit in a savings account for other purposes. You earn an annual percentage yield, or APY, on your deposit for giving the bank the privilege of using your money that’s in a savings account. (You can use an online APY calculator to take a closer look at this figure.) In other words, your financial institution is depending on some savings account money staying put, not being regularly transferred out via checks.

Checking accounts, however, are designed to allow customers to write checks and make purchases. They may not make much or any interest, but you can move your money out of these accounts via checks and electronic transfers. You can even write a check to yourself to access your money.

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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

What Accounts Can You Write a Check From?

One of the ways that checking accounts vs. savings accounts differ is that you usually can’t write checks from a savings account. However, both checking accounts and money market accounts can let you move funds out via checks. You can choose from the following types:

•   Standard checking. This account typically provides a checkbook and debit card to make purchases. You might earn meager or no interest, but you can access your cash quickly. And, as with most kinds of checking accounts, you’ll be able to get cashier’s checks and certified checks if needed.

•   Premium checking. This is a checking account on steroids, with better interest rates, rewards programs, and customer perks. In addition, these accounts might have monthly fees or steep minimum balance requirements in order to get those enhanced benefits, so check your customer agreement carefully.

•   Rewards checking. Think of rewards checking as akin to a premium checking account but focuses on providing cash back for debit card usage. Again, it’s crucial to read the fine print for these accounts, as they usually require specific spending habits to be worthwhile.

•   High-interest checking. This kind of account, also known as high-yield checking, blends saving and checking together by providing higher interest rates while allowing you to write checks and use your debit card.

While this account attempts to provide the best of both worlds, you’ll likely receive a lower interest rate than a savings account. You also might have to fulfill strict requirements (such as a monthly high account balance or transaction count), though some banks, especially online banks, may offer them without fees or balance requirements.

•   Student checking. High school and college students can access banking through these accounts. Student checking accounts typically provide leniency for overdrafts and promotional rewards for new customers. However, your account will change to a standard checking account when you lose student status, meaning you may lose the advantages of a student account.

•   Second chance checking. Customers with less than perfect banking histories can struggle to find a bank that will provide them with an account. Unpaid bank fees and repeated overdrafts can cast a shadow over your banking record, making financial institutions hesitant to work with you. Fortunately, numerous institutions offer second chance checking to give customers another shot at banking. These accounts might restrict spending or charge monthly fees to cover their risk but can help you get back on your feet.

•   Money market account. Many money market accounts also combine some of the features of savings and checking accounts. For example, money market accounts can earn higher interest than typical checking accounts (making them more like savings accounts) but allow you to write checks, as with a checking account.

Recommended: How to Sign Over a Check to Someone Else

What You Can Do With a Savings Account

While you may not be able to write checks with a savings account, the different types of savings accounts offer these functions and benefits:

•   Security. You can safely save for the future, whether that means building an emergency fund or saving for a down payment on a house. If you bank at a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- or National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)-insured institution, you will have up to $250,000 per depositor or shareholder, per insured institution for each account ownership category.

•   Interest. As noted above, you’ll earn interest. The annual percentage yield (APY) will help your money grow.

•   Convenience. You can also use mobile banking with a savings account. This feature allows you to access your account from your phone to deposit checks, transfer money, and view monthly statements.

•   Perks. You may be able to snag some perks by opening a savings account, such as some banking fees being waived or a one-time cash bonus.

•   Automated savings. You can set up automatic transfers from your checking account to savings to help increase your savings in an effortless way.

•   Account linking. You can link your savings account as a backup to your checking to help avoid overdrafting.

Quick Money Tip: If you’re saving for a short-term goal — whether it’s a vacation, a wedding, or the down payment on a house — consider opening a high-yield savings account. The higher APY that you’ll earn will help your money grow faster, but the funds stay liquid, so they are easy to access when you reach your goal.

Tips for Using a Savings Account to Make Payments

Here’s how to set up automatic transfers out of your savings account:

•   Have your account details handy. Double-check your account and routing numbers to make sure you are transferring funds out of the right account.

•   Limit the bills you pay with your savings account. The less information is out there, the less likely it is to fall into a thief’s hands.

•   Don’t attempt more than your account’s transaction limit. Some savings accounts may allow no more than six withdrawals per month. Check with your financial institution to find out your exact transaction limits.

•   Maintain an adequate balance. Transferring money from your checking account and depositing cash or paychecks into your savings account will help ensure you don’t overdraft the account.

The Takeaway

Savings accounts are excellent tools for earning interest and working towards your financial goals. However, they are less suitable for making payments because you typically can’t write checks from a savings account. However, you can usually make payments from savings accounts by automatic transfers.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Why do checks come from checking accounts?

Checks come from checking accounts because banks intend payments to flow frequently from these accounts. In addition, checking accounts are the most convenient way to deposit and withdraw money from a bank because you can withdraw money an unlimited amount of times per month.

Why can I not write checks with a savings account?

In general, you can’t write checks with a savings account because the account is for saving money and earning interest payments. Banks don’t provide checks for a savings account because the intention is for you to save money and leave at least a chunk of it untouched in the account. On the other hand, checking accounts allow you to write checks.

Can I write any check from a savings account?

You typically can’t write a check from a savings account because that is not how they operate according to federal guidelines. You can save money and earn interest with a savings account, while a checking account allows you to write checks.


About the author

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy is a seasoned personal finance writer with 15 years of experience simplifying complex concepts for individuals seeking financial security. Her expertise has shined through in well-known publications like Rolling Stone, Forbes, SmartAsset, and Money Talks News. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/AndreyPopov

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Key Terms to Improve Your Financial Literacy

Key Terms to Improve Your Financial Literacy

Financial literacy isn’t something that many of us are taught in school, but it’s essential when managing your money. It gives you the basic foundation of knowledge that can help you thrive.

If you feel you lack the knowledge you need, you might have to learn it on your own. Familiarizing yourself with some basic personal finance vocabulary can be a good place to start.

Finance terminology might seem confusing at first glance, but you don’t need to be a CPA or a financial advisor to make sense of it. Getting to know some of the most common personal finance words can help you build a stronger money foundation.

What Is Financial Literacy?

You might hear a lot about financial literacy but not know exactly what it means. In simple terms, being financially literate means that you have some money knowledge as well as the ability to put it to work.

Money skills can be learned in the classroom, at home, and in the real world as you navigate things like opening a bank account or taking out student loans. Becoming financially literate is important because it can help you to:

•   Have a positive money mindset

•   Act more responsibly with regard to saving and avoiding debt

•   Build wealth and plan for the future

If there are gaps in your financial education, it’s never too late to fill them. Learning some personal finance basics for beginners, including key financial literacy vocabulary, can help you get on track with your money goals.

What Is Financial Literacy Vocabulary?

Financial literacy words are simply the various terms you’ll see used again and again when discussing different money topics. For example, there are personal finance words related specifically to banking, others that are focused on insurance, and more that deal with investing.

Do you need to be a walking dictionary to understand finance and make the most of your money? Not at all. But you can benefit from knowing what certain finance terminology means and why it’s important when making money decisions.

Understanding financial literacy vocabulary can also help you avoid potentially costly money mistakes. If you’re taking out a mortgage, for example, it’s important to understand concepts like amortization and closing costs so you know exactly what you’re paying to buy a home.

Recommended: Guide to Practicing Financial Self-Care

Personal Finance Words to Know

Ready to improve your financial knowledge? Here’s an alphabetical list of some important terms to add to your personal finance vocabulary.

1. Budget

A budget is a plan for deciding how to spend your money each month. Making a budget means adding up your income, then subtracting all of your expenses.

The goal of a budget is to ensure that you’re not living beyond your means and that you have money left over to work toward your goals.

There are different budgeting techniques, like the 50/30/20 rule or the envelope system, and there are different categories people want to set guidelines and guardrails for. For example, you might want to start an emergency fund or pay down debt.

2. Cashier’s Check and Certified Check

Cashier’s checks and certified checks are two types of official checks banks can issue as a form of payment. So what’s the difference between a certified vs. cashier’s check?

A cashier’s check is drawn on the bank’s account, while a certified check is drawn on your personal account, with the bank verifying that you have sufficient funds to cover it. Between the two, a cashier’s check is generally considered to be a safer way to pay since the bank guarantees the amount.

3. Certificate of Deposit

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a time deposit savings account. When you open a certificate of deposit, you add money to the account and agree to leave it there for a certain amount of time, known as the term. The bank pays interest while your money is in the CD and when it matures (or reaches the end of the term), you can withdraw the initial deposit and the interest earned.

A CD is not the same as a regular savings account or a high yield savings account. With savings accounts, you can generally withdraw money up to six times each month or possibly more without any penalty. You’re not locked in the way you are with a CD.

4. Compound Interest

Compound interest means the interest you earn on your interest. That’s different from simple interest, which is paid on your principal balance only. Compounding interest is central to building your savings and wealth, since it helps your money grow faster and allows you to increase your net worth over time.

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5. Credit

Credit means borrowing money with the promise to pay it back. When you open a credit card account, for example, the credit card company issues you a credit line that you can make purchases against. You use the card to buy groceries, get gas, or cover other expenses, then pay that amount back to the credit card company. You typically pay interest on any balance you carry over from one month to the next.

A credit card is revolving credit, since your balance can go up or down over time as you make purchases and pay them back. Loans are a form of installment debt, since the balance only goes down over time as you make your scheduled payments.

6. Credit Score

A credit score is a three-digit number that measures how responsible you are financially. Your credit scores are generated from information in your credit reports. A credit report collects details about your debts, including payment history, balances, and available credit.

FICO scores are the most commonly used credit scores. These scores range from 300 to 850, with 850 being considered a “perfect” credit score. The better your credit scores, the easier it usually is to qualify for loans and credit cards.

7. Debt

Debt is money owed to someone else. A debt may be secured, meaning that it’s attached to a specific piece of collateral. Collateral is something your creditor can take possession of if you fail to repay the debt. So if you own a home, for example, your mortgage is a debt, and your home is the collateral.

Unsecured debts don’t have any collateral, so if you fail to pay them, your creditor has to pursue other means to collect what’s owed. Credit cards, medical bills, and student loans are examples of unsecured debt.

8. Debt to Income Ratio

Debt to income (DTI) is one of several important personal finance ratios to know if you’re trying to improve your financial literacy. Your debt to income ratio means how much of your income goes to debt repayment each month.

So why is that important? The more money you put toward debt, the less cash you have to save and invest. And when your DTI is too high, that could make it harder to qualify for a mortgage or other types of loans.

9. Emergency Fund

An emergency fund is money that you set aside for unplanned or unexpected expenses. When you save for emergencies, you’re saving for the unknown, versus setting aside money for a specific goal like a vacation or new furniture.

But you may wonder, how much emergency savings should I have? Saving three to six months’ worth of expenses is a commonly used rule of thumb but ultimately, your emergency fund should reflect the amount that you need to feel comfortable.

10. FDIC

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an independent agency that’s responsible for maintaining stability in the banking industry. One of the ways the FDIC does that is by insuring banks in the rare event of a failure. If you have accounts at an FDIC-insured bank, they’re covered up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership type, per financial institution.

11. Financial Planning

Financial planning means creating a plan or strategy for reaching your financial goals. Creating a financial plan is something you can do on your own or with the help of a financial advisor. If you’re not sure how to go about finding a financial advisor, consider what type of planning services you might need first. That can help you decide if you should work with an online advisor or seek out an advisor in person.

12. Gross Income and Net Income

Understanding gross income and net income are central to making a budget. Your gross income is all the money you earn before any deductions or taxes are taken out. Your net income is the money that hits your bank account, once you take out things like taxes, health insurance, and retirement plan contributions.

If you’re not sure about the difference between your gross pay and net pay, reviewing your pay stubs can help. You should be able to see a breakdown of everything you earned and everything that was deducted for the pay period.

13. Health Savings Account (HSA)

A Health Savings Account (HSA) is a savings account that’s attached to a high deductible health plan. An HSA allows you to set aside money for health care expenses on a tax-advantaged basis.

It’s easy to confuse HSA with other health insurance terms, like HMO. But the difference between HMO vs. HSA is that HMO stands for Health Maintenance Organization and is a type of health care plan. An HSA is a special type of health care savings account.

14. Inflation

Inflation is a rise in prices for consumer goods and services over time. In the United States, inflation is generally measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). When inflation rises, the things you spend money on every day cost more. Understanding inflation is important for managing your budget but it can also affect how you invest your money.

Recommended: How to Beat Inflation

15. Investing

Investing money means putting it into the market or other vehicles in the hopes that it will grow in value. Investing money is not the same thing as saving it. When you save money, you might park it in a savings account, CD account, or money market account. There’s virtually no risk of losing money, especially if your bank is FDIC insured.

When you invest money, however, you’re using it to buy stocks, mutual funds, real estate, cryptocurrency, and other investments. You can potentially get a much higher rate of return with investing vs. saving, but you’re usually taking more risk. And if an investment doesn’t pan out, you could lose money instead of growing it.

16. Life Insurance

Life insurance provides a death benefit to your beneficiaries when you pass away. Buying life insurance can offer peace of mind if you’re worried about how your loved ones might be able to pay the bills if something were to happen to you. There are different types of life insurance to choose from, depending on your needs and situation. Life insurance, along with a will, are often part of a comprehensive financial plan.

17. Money Market Account

A money market account is a deposit account that blends features of a savings account and a checking account. You can deposit money and earn interest on the balance. If you need to withdraw money, you may be able to do so using a linked debit card or by writing checks. But those withdrawals are not necessarily unlimited; banks can still cap you at six withdrawals per month. Also known as MMAs, these accounts are not to be confused with money market funds, a kind of mutual fund.

18. Net Worth

Net worth is the difference between what you owe and what you own. To calculate net worth, you’d add up all of your debts, then subtract that amount from the value of your assets. An asset is anything that has a positive value, such as a home, retirement account, or CDs. Net worth can be positive if you have more assets than debts, but it can be negative if your debt outweighs your assets.

19. Overdraft

Overdraft is a banking term that means you’ve spent more money than you had in your account. If you sign up for overdraft protection, your bank will link your checking account to a savings account, a credit card, or line of credit, which will kick in whenever you withdraw more than the current balance. Some banks charge a fee when an overdraft protection transfer takes place, but it may be significantly less than what you would otherwise be charged for overdrawing your account.

20. Time Value of Money

Time value of money is the idea that money in the present is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential to earn interest or investment returns. A dollar received now can be invested to grow over time, whereas a dollar received later has lost that earning opportunity.

The Takeaway

Expanding your personal finance vocabulary can give you a better understanding of how your money works and how to make it work for you. Knowing these terms can grow your financial literacy and help you achieve your goals.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What are the four pillars of personal finance?

The four pillars of personal finance are income, expenses, assets, and debt. Income and expenses are important for creating a budget. Assets and debt reflect the difference between the things of value that you own and the money that you owe to other people.

What are financial skills?

Financial skills are the skills you use to manage money. For example, budgeting is a financial skill, since it requires you to understand the difference between income and expenses and prioritize spending in a prudent way. Financial skills can be learned at school, at home, or through daily experiences.

Why is financial literacy important?

Financial literacy is important for helping you to better understand your financial situation. When you know how to make a budget, create a plan for saving and investing, and use debt responsibly, it becomes easier to get ahead financially. On the other hand, lacking financial literacy skills could make you more susceptible to poor decision-making, like overspending or carrying high-interest debt.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/Geber86

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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