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While a bank’s size is determined primarily by the assets it holds, the size of a bank may also influence the range of services and products it offers. Small banks may offer a more personalized customer experience, while big banks may be more comprehensive, offering an array of deposit accounts, loans, insurance, financial planning and wealth management.

When choosing a bank, and understanding how different banks operate, size is only one consideration, however. Whether the institution is a regional or national bank is another factor that can determine whether it’s a good fit for your needs.

Are Small Banks Safer Than Large Banks?

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an independent agency that helps protect most banks and their customers by insuring deposits in the very rare case of a bank failure. The size of a bank doesn’t affect its eligibility for FDIC insurance. The money you have on deposit with an FDIC member bank is fully protected up to $250,000, per depositor, per insured bank, per account ownership category. For those who want to keep a considerable amount of money on deposit, it can be wise to look for those banks that participate in programs that extend the FDIC insurance to cover millions.

Also important: Although it’s the customers’ money that’s covered by the FDIC, the agency is funded by premiums paid by the banks and from earnings on investments in U.S. Treasury securities. Customers do not pay for this insurance; they are automatically covered when they open an FDIC-insured account.

Recommended: APY Calculator

Types of Banks

When considering the benefits and drawbacks of different types of banks, it’s important to weigh the size as well as whether the bank is regional or national in scope. You may also want to consider whether a given institution is an online bank (i.e. as a digital bank, without brick-and-mortar branches) or if it provides online services and physical locations.

Small Banks

The criteria that determine a bank’s size can vary widely depending on the source.

According to the FDIC’s definition, small banks are banks with assets of less than $1.609 billion for either of the two calendar years prior to December 31, 2024. That might not seem all that small, but it’s a fraction of the trillions of dollars in assets that some larger banks maintain.

Small banks can also be defined as commercial banks of modest size. A commercial bank is simply a bank that accepts deposits, offers checking and savings accounts, and makes loans to customers.

Midsize and Large Banks

Midsize banks have assets that generally fall between $10 billion and $100 billion. Banks with assets north of $100 billion are considered large banks.

Community Banks

Community banks can be small or midsize institutions. They are smaller than regional banks, and like regional banks they may offer specific products that cater to local businesses (e.g. agricultural loans).

Regional Banks

Regional banks are generally larger than community banks, but they are also anchored in a specific geographic area and may have a niche focus.

National Banks

A national bank is a commercial bank that’s chartered by the U.S. Treasury’s Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). As part of the national network of U.S. banks, a national bank has a defined role in the country’s banking system, including an ongoing relationship with its local Federal Reserve Bank.

The important thing to understand if you’re inquiring into the merits of one bank versus another is that the size, products, services, features, and focus of an institution can overlap in various ways.

Other Types of Financial Institutions

The above only covers some of the most common types of banks. Here are some others.

•   Savings and loan associations are financial institutions that are primarily focused on helping customers get residential mortgages.

•   Niche banks focus on a particular audience, such as medical professionals, farmers, or the LGBTQ+ community.

•   Mutual savings banks are a kind of credit union that originally served low-income communities and focused on providing mortgages.

•   Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) banks. Many people may wonder what a CDFI is. These are financial institutions that aim to create economic opportunity for individuals and small businesses, quality affordable housing, and essential community services.

•   Online banks are the same as traditional banks in many ways, but they provide services online rather than via bricks-and-mortar branches.

•   Neobanks are fintech businesses that operate in similar ways to an online bank. They may partner with FDIC-member banks or other financial institutions to offer accounts and banking services through an app or online. Neobanks, however, do not have bank charters and technically aren’t banks.

You may notice that some of the organizations mentioned above are defined as thrifts or credit unions. When comparing credit unions vs. banks, the main difference to note is how they operate.

Credit unions operate on a membership basis; there are usually specific requirements to join. A credit union is member-owned while a bank is not. Both can offer deposit accounts and loans, though credit unions return profits back to members in the form of higher rates for savers and lower rates for borrowers.

How Small Banks Differ From Large Banks

When looking at big banks vs. small banks, there are a number of things that set them apart beyond the scope of their assets. Understanding the main differences can help if you’re on the fence about whether to open an account at a large bank or bank locally instead.

Here are some of the most notable ways big banks and small banks differ.

Tips for Choosing a Bank

There are a number of things to consider when picking a bank or switching banks to make sure you find the right fit. If you’re hunting for a new bank, here are some of the most important questions to ask:

•   What kind of banking products and services do I need? And what kind of banking products and services are offered?

•   Do I feel comfortable and banking online-only, or will I need branch banking services from time to time?

•   How much can I expect to pay in fees for an account?

•   What kind of interest rates do deposit accounts earn? Are high-yield savings accounts offered?

•   Is there a minimum deposit requirement or a minimum balance requirement?

•   How large is the ATM network? Are there any fee refunds for using out-of-network or foreign ATMs?

•   When is customer support available and how can I reach them?

•   Are the online and in-app features state-of-the-art?

•   Will a teller or bank officer be available if I need to consult with someone, person to person?

•   Does the bank support the community in any way?

Whether you’re considering a big bank or a small bank, check to see if it’s FDIC-insured. Again, FDIC insurance covers deposits up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, per bank in the rare event of a bank failure. And some banks participate in programs that extend that coverage to millions.

Recommended: Passive Income Ideas

The Takeaway

Whether to keep your money at a big bank or a small bank is a matter of personal preference. Some people appreciate the accessibility, state-of-the-art tech features, and full array of products and services of a big bank. Others may prefer the more personalized experience they find at a small local bank. Finding the right banking partner can be an important step in achieving financial security.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How is a small bank different from a large bank?

Small banks can differ from large banks in a number of ways, including assets, products and services offered, geographic footprint, and cost. The most common metric used to measure bank size involves assessing its assets according to FDIC guidelines.

Should I switch to a local bank?

Switching to a local bank could make sense if you want to bank close to home and enjoy having a personal relationship with the bank’s staff. When comparing local banks, consider the types of accounts and services offered, the fees you’ll pay, how you’ll be able to access your money, and customer support.

What is an advantage of local community banks?

Local community banks can offer numerous advantages, starting with personalized service. A local bank may be less costly than a larger bank and have lower employee turnover. You can also bank closer to home and may find that the financial institution offers special products and programs tailored to the local community.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOBNK-Q125-040

Gas prices hit new highs in 2022. And while they’ve fallen since that spike, the government expects prices to drop even more in 2025 and 2026. Keep reading to learn more about historical gas prices, get a sense of how things have changed over time, and learn tips for finding cheap gas in your area.

Why Gas Prices Are Falling in 2025

As anyone who’s gone to the pump in the past couple of years knows, filling up isn’t as cheap as it used to be. Gas prices rose in the second half of 2023, due in large part to a drop in global oil production. And though they fell somewhat in 2024, they remained stubbornly higher than before the pandemic.

Thankfully for drivers, gas prices are expected to drop even more in 2025 and 2026, as crude oil prices are projected to fall. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), prices at the pump will average around $3.20 per gallon in 2025, a decrease of more than 11 cents per gallon from 2024. The annual average price of gas is expected to drop even more — to $3.00 per gallon — in 2026.

If fill-ups are putting a dent in your wallet, consider using a money tracker to monitor spending and create budgets.

Average Price by State for Regular Unleaded in October 2023

Data is courtesy of AAA .

Average Price by State for Premium in February 2025

Data is courtesy of AAA.

Average Price by State for Diesel Gas in February 2025

Data is courtesy of AAA.

Average US Gas Price 1978 to 2022

Historical data is courtesy of the EIA and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Tips for Finding Cheap Gas Stations in Your State

There are a few ways to find the cheapest gas in the nearby area and save money on your gas bill:

•   Use an app like GasBuddy to locate the lowest nearby price. The app lets drivers search by gas type, payment type, the brand of gas station, and other factors. The app also offers cashback deals, paid subscriptions, and more.

•   AAA has a gas price monitoring website that gets updated every day. Drivers can search by state and country to find the best prices.

•   Both Google Maps and Waze keep track of gas prices. When you search for gas stations within their maps, the price of gas at local stations will pop up. Although one can’t filter by price or automatically see the lowest price, it’s fairly easy to look around and find the cheapest option.

•   Another useful app is Upside. The app lets users compare gas prices near them, and also earn cash back every time they fill up their tank.

•   Besides the ability to buy in bulk, one of the perks of getting a Costco or Sam’s membership is getting discounts on gas. It’s often the cheapest option for club members.

•   Certain days of the week tend to have lower prices. Generally, Mondays are the cheapest, followed by Sunday, while Wednesday and Thursday are the most expensive days.

Recommended: What Credit Score Is Needed to Buy a Car

The Takeaway

Gas prices go up and down in response to a variety of global and domestic factors. But there are a few ways to source the best deals on gas and stay within your budget, including apps and membership-only retailers.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

What was the price of gas in 1980?

In 1980, the average price of gas was $1.22. That is equivalent to $4.56 in 2025 dollars.

What year were gas prices the highest?

In June 2022, gas prices in the U.S. hit an all-time high of $5.00.

How much did gas cost in the 90s?

In the 1990s, gas cost between $1.11 and $1.15 per gallon.

Photo credit: iStock/skodonnell
SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q125-067

On the popular credit score spectrum of 300 to 850, a credit score of 579 or lower is usually classified as poor, and a score between 580 and 669 is considered fair. Only when a score is 670 or higher does it typically count as good. That said, each lender makes its own determination of which credit scores are considered risky.

Here, you’ll learn more about the different credit score requirements and the factors that can build your score so you can work toward better financial habits.

What Is Considered a Bad Credit Score?

The definition of a bad credit score is having a history of late or nonpayment of bills or borrowing too much money. This past behavior can indicate that you are a poor credit risk.

To be more specific, a bad or poor credit score, as noted above, is one that is between 300 (the lowest possible score) and 579 on the popular FICO® Score system. The next highest category, fair, ranges from 580 to 669.

Scores are categorized somewhat differently depending on the credit-scoring model being used. Here’s a closer look at two popular systems, FICO and VantageScore®, so you can see how lower scores are ranked in terms of credit score ranges.

To complicate matters, lenders may choose from multiple scoring models and industry-specific scoring models. This can make it tricky to know which one you’re being evaluated on. And your credit scores vary — so, yes, you have multiple scores.

What’s the nationwide average? As of this writing, Americans had an average FICO Score of 715 and a VantageScore of 705. Both of these scores are in the good range of their respective scales.

It’s also worth noting that you might have a low credit score if you are new to credit. When you first start accessing credit, however, you don’t start at zero (or 300). Rather, once you have several months of credit usage in your history and have managed it fairly well, you are likely to have a score between 500 and 700.

Consequences of a Bad Credit Score

Having a bad credit score can impact you in several ways:

•   Difficulty in obtaining loans and credit: With a score in a lower range, you will likely look like a poor credit risk to lenders. You will therefore probably not have access to a full array of products, such as conventional mortgages and rewards credit cards, which are usually available to those with higher scores.

•   Higher interest rates and fees: For the forms of credit that you do qualify for, you will likely pay a higher interest rate and more in fees. For instance, as of this writing, those with excellent credit scores would pay an average of 17.71% in credit card interest, while those with fair credit would pay an average of 26.76%.

•   Impact on renting and employment: Some employers and landlords may check credit scores to see how responsible a candidate for a job or rental unit has been with their finances in the past. A poor score could indicate that an individual does not manage their money and deadlines well, which could be a negative mark on an application.
To look at it from a different angle, here are some of the things that take your credit history into consideration and can be negatively impacted by a bad score:

•   Credit cards

•   Car loans

•   Home loans

•   Personal loans

•   Private student loans

•   Federal PLUS loans

•   Car insurance premiums (in some states)

•   Homeowners insurance

•   Job or rental applications

How to Build Your Credit Score

If you currently have a credit score that is lower than you’d like, there are steps you can take to help build it and enjoy greater access to credit products with more favorable terms. Here are factors that affect your credit score and how to manage them better:

Pay Bills on Time and in Full

Paying your bills on time and in full is the single biggest contributing factor to your credit card, so take it seriously. If you have been late with any payments, consider getting caught up.

If you tend to forget bills, consider brushing up on how autopay works and set up payments through an app, an online bank account, or the entity billing you. Putting reminders on a paper or electronic calendar can help as well.

Reduce Credit Card Balances

Another important factor when it comes to building your credit is to be aware of your credit utilization ratio. Credit utilization involves credit card and other revolving debts, not installment loans like mortgages or student loans. The ratio expresses how your current balances relate to your overall credit limit. Most financial experts recommend that this should be no more than 30%, but under 10% is better still.

Here’s an example: If you have two credit cards, each with a credit limit of $5,000, you have a total credit limit of $10,000. You would want your combined balances to be no more than $3,000, or ideally no more than $1,000.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), says that paying off credit card balances in full each month helps to keep the ratio low and positively impact a credit score.

Closing and Opening Credit Cards Carefully

The average age of your accounts plays a role in your credit score, so you may want to keep some of your oldest cards open, even if you don’t use them often. Remember that closing cards also reduces your available credit, affecting your credit utilization ratio.

Opening credit cards affects your credit score as well. Every time you apply, the credit card company runs a hard inquiry on your credit, and your score takes a slight hit. Applying for a bunch of cards in quick succession can lower your score in this way and make it look like your financial situation has taken a turn for the worse.

Timeline to Build Your Credit Score

You’ve just learned about some key factors that can help you build your credit quickly. Here’s a little intel about how changes to your score happen: Three major credit reporting agencies — Equifax®, Experian®, and TransUnion® — compile the information on your history of borrowing, and then a company like FICO or VantageScore translates that data into a number.

It’s important to keep in mind that the data contributing to your credit score updates regularly, but you likely won’t see tremendous movement in just one month. You might start to see an uptick in 30 to 45 days, but it can take several months or even years for your good credit habits to pay off. For instance, if you have a credit score of 560, it’s unlikely to surge to a 760 in just a month or two.

There are some other strategies you might consider if you are eager to build your score:

•   Millions of Americans have no credit score because they don’t have enough of a history to calculate one. If this is your situation, you have a couple of options. You may want to consider taking out a secured credit card that will allow you to access a modest line of credit by putting down a deposit.

•   You can also ask a friend or family member to add you as an authorized user to their credit card account. An authorized user can use the account but does not have any liability for the debt. A positive payment history on the card you are added to can help build your score.

Recommended: Secured vs Unsecured Personal Loans

Maintaining a Good Credit Score

As you build your score into a range you’re happy with, you’ll want to maintain it to stay in good standing. Some tips:

•   Regularly check your credit report to look for errors. Report any that you find.

•   Avoid excessive credit applications. Each hard inquiry typically lowers your score by several points for a few months. Think twice before biting when various credit card offers come your way.

•   Use credit responsibly. Keep an eye on your credit utilization ratio and bill payment due dates. If your credit card balances are rising, prioritize paying them down with, say, the debt snowball or avalanche method. Or you might consider a personal loan known as a debt consolidation loan, that may offer a lower interest rate (and therefore more affordable payments) and the convenience of just paying one bill per month.

Recommended: What Credit Score Is Needed for a Personal Loan?

The Takeaway

A bad credit score is defined differently by individual lenders and credit bureaus. But a score below 580 on the FICO scale can be deemed bad and make it difficult to qualify for a conventional mortgage and other important financial products. Those forms of credit that you do qualify for will likely cost you money through higher interest rates. But with time and dedication, you can build your bad credit score and maintain a higher number.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

Is 600 a bad credit score?

A credit score of 600 falls into the category that’s considered fair credit, which is less than good. As such, it could be considered bad by some lenders, though it is above the poor classification (300 to 579). A 600 credit score can make it harder to get approved for loans and credit cards, and, if you are approved, you will probably have to pay higher interest rates.

Is under 700 a bad credit score?

A 700 credit score usually falls in the good category, which typically runs from 670 to 739. A fair score is typically from 580 to 669, and a poor score ranges from 300 to 579.

Can you get approved with a 500 credit score?

Depending on what you are applying for, it is possible to get approved with a 500 credit score. For instance, you might qualify for certain government-backed mortgages, and you might get approved for, say, a personal loan, but likely at a higher interest rate than if you had a score in a higher range.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOPL-Q125-024

P2P payments, aka peer-to-peer transfers, are a popular tech-powered way to send money to and receive money from other people. With a money transfer app or perhaps one from your financial institution, you can send a friend your half of the dinner bill, gas money, or other payments, quickly and easily from your mobile device. Chances are, you can also buy items (say, on Instagram or a website) using one of these apps.

To move money via P2P, all you need to do is to download a transfer app, like Venmo or PayPal, and connect your bank account, debit card, or credit card to it. Or your financial institution may offer app options you can enable. Either way, once you are set up, you are just a few clicks away from being able to send money.

What Is a P2P Payment?

With a P2P payment, you can send money to a friend with just a few clicks on your mobile device. This replaces the need to get cash at an ATM or write out a personal check, options that aren’t always quick or convenient.

For traditional P2P apps, both parties need to have an account with the transfer service in order to make the transaction. For example, if you want to use Venmo to repay a friend for the salad they bought you at lunchtime, that person would also need to have a Venmo account to receive that payment.

Typically, a P2P account is attached to your online bank account. Some P2P platforms, however, allow customers to link their P2P accounts to a debit card or even a credit card, though it may involve additional fees.

Recommended: How to Transfer Money From One Bank to Another

Understanding How P2P Transfers Work

Here’s a closer look at what goes on when you use a P2P payment app.

Overview of the P2P Transfer Process

Say that you want to send money P2P to your sister for your mother’s birthday present. Depending on the type of P2P service you use, you’ll follow some variation of these basic steps.

•   Creating a P2P account. You will need to download a P2P app and then sign up for an account. In order to send money to your sister, you’ll both need to have an account with the same money transfer service.

•   Linking your bank account to your P2P account. Some P2P services have the ability to hold funds, but they generally must be linked to a primary bank account (such as your checking account), credit card, or debit card in order to be fully operational. This is how the account will pull any funds needed to make a payment.

To link your checking account, you may need your checking and routing number (which appear at the bottom of a check). Some P2P transfer services may only need your bank log-in information. Others may allow you to set up extra verification measures.

•   Searching for a user to transfer funds to. To send money to your sister, you’ll need to find her on the P2P platform. You can typically search by username, email address, or a phone number. In most cases you will be able to add her account as a contact or “friend” in your account.

•   Initiating a transfer. The next step in how a P2P payment works is getting the money moving. Your sister can request a payment from you, or you can initiate the payment yourself. This requires choosing the option to send funds, entering a dollar amount, and then clicking submit. If you’ve enabled additional security measures on your account, you may need to enter a PIN that gets texted to you as well.

You may be prompted to choose whether you are making a purchase or sending money to a friend or family member. This can impact whether fees get assessed and what kind of protection you receive for the transaction.

You may have the option to add a description or “memo” to your transaction. Some P2P services may require this information so that they can charge a fee for business-related transactions. Others offer the option to act as a personal ledger should you need it in the future.

•   Waiting for the transfer to complete. Now the funds are in motion via a P2P bank transfer. When money is sent from one customer to another, it moves in the form of an electronic package safeguarded with multiple layers of data encryption. This makes it hard for hackers to access the data (like your bank account number) within the transfer while it is in motion. Similarly, data encryption keeps your money and account information safe. Once the data set reaches its destination, it is decoded and deposited as currency.

•   Transferring the funds into the payee’s bank account. When a P2P transfer is completed, the funds may be deposited directly into your sister’s bank account. Or they may go into an account created for her by the P2P service. Funds received into P2P user accounts can then be transferred into a person’s bank accounts at little to no cost. (You are likely to pay a fee if you want the funds transferred ASAP versus in a couple of days.)

Your sister will likely receive some combination of email, text, and/or in-app notifications that the funds have arrived. If she decides to leave the money in her P2P account, she can use that account balance the next time she needs to pay someone or purchase something from a business that accepts P2P transactions.

How Long Do P2P Transfers Take?

The general rule of thumb for P2P transfer services is to allow one to three business days for a transfer to complete (although some seem instantaneous; timing varies). That’s because standard bank transfers use the ACH (or Automated Clearing House) system, which can take a day or two to complete.

When it comes time to move funds from the app to, say, a checking account, some apps may not charge a fee; others may assess a charge of 0.5% to 1.75% of the overall transfer amount.

Are P2P Money Transfers Safe?

You may wonder if mobile payment apps are safe. Any time your bank account, credit, or debit card information is online, there is a chance that someone can get a hold of it, and P2Ps are no different. While all major money transfer companies encrypt your financial information, no P2P system can say it’s totally impervious to hacks and scams.

There are also additional measures you can take to make sure that your account remains secure. For example, you may be able to set up two-factor authentication, which might involve typing in a unique pin number that is texted to your phone for each transaction. Or you might elect to receive notifications each time there’s a transaction posted on your account, enabling you to spot financial fraud right away if it were to happen.

You may also want to take care when you type in a recipient’s email address, phone number, or name. A typo could lead to the money going to the wrong person.

How Do Peer-to-Peer Transfer Companies Make Money?

P2P transactions are largely offered for free to consumers, which may beg the question of how the companies that offer these services stay in business. Here are two major ways that P2P money transfer apps may generate income.

Account Fees

Typically, you can make P2P payments from a linked bank account or straight from the P2P account for free. If you want an instant transfer or you are transferring money using a credit card or from depositing checks into your P2P account, there may be a fee involved.

Business Fees

P2P platforms aren’t just for consumers — they are used by businesses as well. Compared to the free transactions that standard user profiles offer, business profiles are generally subject to a seller transaction fee for each customer purchase made with a P2P money transfer app. Venmo, for instance, charges a fee of 1.9%, plus 10 cents for each transaction.

What Are the Benefits of P2P Money Transfers?

There are three main benefits to using online money transfer services.

•   They’re fast. Depending on the service, P2P money transfers can happen very quickly. They can take anywhere from just a few seconds to a couple of business days.

•   They’re cheap. When exchanging money between friends and family, P2P money transfers are often free. There may be a small fee, however, if you want an instant bank transfer, are using a credit card instead of a bank account, are making a transfer above a certain dollar amount, are conducting a high volume of transfers, or are using the service for a business transaction.

•   They’re easy. P2P transfers eliminate the need to make trips to the ATM or a local bank branch to get cash. They also eliminate the need to get out your checkbook, write a check, and then mail it to someone. For a P2P transfer, all you likely need is a mobile device, the app, and cell service or wifi.

Alternatives to P2P Money Transfers

What if a P2P money transfer isn’t available or doesn’t suit your needs? Try these options instead to move money.

Sending a Check

You can go old-school and write a paper check. You fill out the necessary details and hand or mail the check to the person you are paying. Typically, no fee is involved, although you may have to pay for a new checkbook when you run low and order more checks.

Money Orders

Money orders are in some ways similar to a check, but you don’t write them from a bank account. Instead, you purchase them (essentially pre-paying for the amount you are sending) at the post office, businesses like Western Union or Moneygram, or from certain retailers.

Typically, you will pay a small fee. For example, the United States Post Office will issue domestic money orders up to and including $1,000. Those that are for amounts up to $500 will be assessed a $2.35 fee; for ones that are $500.01 to $1,000, $3.40 will be charged. Once you have a money order, you can either give it to the recipient in person or mail it. You can also typically track a money order to see when it’s cashed.

Using Online Bill Payment Services

Many financial institutions offer ways for their customers to pay bills electronically. A key feature of mobile banking, this service can be a simple way to send funds from your checking account, regardless of where you are or what time it is. You may be able to set up recurring payments as well for bills you receive regularly.

Wire Transfers

Wire transfers are another way to send funds electronically using a network of financial institutions and transfer agencies that operate globally. Typically, you will access a wire transfer via your bank, its website, or its app. You’ll need to have your payee’s banking details and will likely pay a fee to wire money.

For instance, domestic wire transfers can charge a fee of anywhere from $0 to $50 (depending on whether they are incoming or outgoing), and they can often be processed in a few hours or within a day. International wire transfers can cost more (with both the sender and recipient possibly paying fees, typically $35 to $50 for the sender) and can take longer, typically two days. Certain banks may offer free wire transfers, perhaps only for certain types of accounts (such as premium ones), so if this is an important feature for you, it can be worthwhile to do your research.

Recommended: What Is an E-Check (Electronic Check)?

The Takeaway

Peer-to-peer (or P2P) payment apps facilitate mobile money transactions. You can use them in place of cash or writing a check when you want to give friends or family money, whether it’s to cover your portion of a dinner bill or split the cost of a vacation rental. Some businesses also accept this form of payment.

All you need to make a P2P transfer is a mobile device, an internet connection, and your P2P app, which you must link to your credit card or bank account.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How much time does a P2P transfer take?

P2P accounts can take just a few seconds or a few days to move funds. Then, if the person who has money in the P2P app wants to transfer their cash to a bank account, that can also take between hours and a couple of days. Often, you may be charged a fee if you want the money moved ASAP.

Is P2P digital money?

P2P, or peer-to-peer-payments, are a digital way of moving funds from one person to another. Once the transfer is complete, the recipient has money they can use to pay for purchases or transfer into a bank account.

What’s an example of a P2P payment?

An example of a P2P payment would be to use a P2P app such as PayPal or Venmo to send funds to a friend you owe money. Or you might send a payment to a service provider or retailer using P2P apps as well.

Do banks use P2P?

Many banks offer their own version of P2P apps. For example, you might be able to almost instantly send funds from your account to a friend, a retailer, or a service provider by using a bank’s app.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOBNK-Q125-023

In a high interest rate climate, especially after historic lows, you may be more aware of purchase interest charges on your credit card statement. These charges are a wordy way of saying interest, which you owe when you don’t pay your credit card statement balance in full.

Read on for more about credit card interest, including how it works and how to find your card’s interest rate.

What Is Credit Card Interest?

Credit card interest is what you’re charged by a credit card issuer when you don’t pay off your statement balance in full each month. Card issuers may charge different annual percentage rates (APRs) for different types of balances such as purchases, balance transfers, cash advances, and others. You may also be charged a penalty APR if you’re more than 60 days late with your payment.

An interest charge on purchases is the interest you are paying on the purchases you make with the credit card but don’t pay in full by the end of the billing cycle in which those purchases were made. The purchase interest charge is based on your credit card’s APR and the total balance on that card — both of which can fluctuate.

Taking a closer look at your credit card balance and interest rate can help you figure out the best way to pay it off. Here’s some information about how purchase interest charges work and, in general, how interest works on a credit card.

How Does Credit Card Interest Work?

Credit cards charge different APRs on purchases, cash advances, and balance transfers. The cardmember agreement that was included when you first received your credit card outlines the different APRs and how they’re charged. This information is also included in brief on each monthly billing statement, or you can contact your credit card issuer’s customer service department for this information. Another place to find how interest works on various credit cards is through the CFPB, which maintains a database of credit card agreements from hundreds of card issuers.

Some credit cards offer an introductory 0% interest rate. But once that promotional period ends, paying your balance in full each month is how you can avoid interest charges.

For example, you get a new credit card with a $5,000 available credit limit and 0% interest for three months. You use the credit card to buy a new computer that costs $3,000 and a designer dog house for your poodle that costs $1,000.

Let’s say that for each of the three interest-free months, you pay only the minimum balance due. But since the full balance hasn’t been paid, your fourth statement will include a purchase interest charge. That is the interest you now owe because you did not pay off your credit card statement balance in full.

Credit card interest is variable, based on the prime rate, and banks typically calculate interest daily. A typical interest calculation method used is the daily balance method.

•   The bank will calculate the daily periodic rate, which is the APR divided by 365.

•   To each day’s balance, the bank will add any interest charge from the previous day (compounded interest) and any new transactions and fees, then subtract any payments or credits. This is the new daily balance.

•   The daily periodic rate is multiplied by the daily balance each day.

•   At the end of the billing cycle, each day’s balance is added together, resulting in the amount of interest owed.

•   If the amount owed is less than the minimum interest charge shown on the credit card’s fee schedule, the bank will charge the minimum.

You can make a payment toward your balance due at any time — you don’t have to wait until the due date. Since interest is commonly calculated daily, making multiple smaller payments rather than one large payment on the due date is one way to decrease the amount of interest you might owe at the end of the billing cycle. This can be a good strategy to use if you don’t pay your credit card bill in full each month. You’ll still owe some interest, but it may be less.

Recommended: APR vs. Interest Rate

What Is a Purchase Interest Charge?

Sometimes also known as a finance charge, an interest charge on purchases is simply interest you pay on your credit card balance for purchases you made but didn’t pay in full. If you don’t pay off your balance each billing cycle, a purchase interest charge for the unpaid amount then becomes part of the total balance you owe.

For example, let’s say you owe $1,000 on a credit card, and because you did not pay that $1,000 in full, you were charged a purchase interest charge of $90. You now owe $1,090, and then the next month’s purchase interest charge will be calculated based on a balance of $1,090.

This is called compound interest and can lead to a cycle of credit card debt. The interest charges continue to accrue if you’re not paying your balance in full every month.

How Do You Get Rid of a Purchase Interest Charge?

For a temporary reprieve from paying an interest charge on purchases, you might look for a credit card that has an introductory 0% APR. Some credit card issuers offer introductory rates for anywhere from 12 to 18 months for qualified applicants. If you make a plan for paying off the balance before the promotional period ends and you’re diligent about sticking to it, you could forgo paying interest on purchases made during that period.

Some people might choose this strategy rather than taking out personal loans for a specific purchase. If you know that you can pay the balance in full while the APR remains at 0%, it could be a good strategy.

The only sure way not to pay a purchase interest charge is to pay your credit card balance in full each month. This can help you avoid credit card debt. If that’s not possible, paying more than the minimum and investigating methods like the debt snowball payoff technique or considering a debt consolidation loan can be wise.

Recommended: 11 Types of Personal Loans & Their Differences

Personal Loan Tips

If you have high-interest credit card debt, a personal loan is one way to get control of it. However, you’ll want to make sure the loan’s interest rate is much lower than the credit cards’ rates — and that you can make the monthly payments.

In addition, before agreeing to take out a personal loan from a lender, you should know if there are origination, prepayment, or other kinds of fees. With personal loans from SoFi, for example, there are no-fee options.

Finally, just as there are no free lunches, there are no guaranteed loans. So beware lenders who advertise them. If they are legitimate, they need to know your creditworthiness before offering you a loan.

Different Types of Credit Card Interest

Interest charges on purchases are just one type of interest charged on a credit card. Other transactions and fees may apply and must be disclosed to credit card applicants. The information can be found in a credit card’s rates and fees table often referred to as the “Schumer Box” after legislation introduced by Sen. Chuck Schumer as part of the Truth in Lending Act. The APR for purchases is typically at the top of the list, with others below.

•   Balance transfer APR: If you transfer a balance from one credit card to another, this is the rate you’ll pay on the amount of the transfer. You’ll also be charged interest at this APR on any balance transfer fee your card issuer might charge you.

•   Cash Advance APR and fee: Cash advance APRs tend to be much higher than purchase APRs, and there’s typically no grace period — interest starts accruing immediately. Like a balance transfer fee, you’ll be charged interest on a cash advance fee, too.

•   Penalty APR: If your credit card payment is more than 60 days late, your credit card issuer may increase your APR. If you make the next six consecutive payments on time, the card issuer must reinstate your original APR on the outstanding balance. But they are allowed to keep the higher penalty APR on any new purchases.

In addition to interest charges, there may also be fees charged. All of these fees could potentially accrue interest at their respective rates if the credit card’s balance is not paid in full by the payment due date.

•   Annual fee: Some credit cards charge an annual fee to the card holder.

•   Balance transfer fee: Plan on a fee of 3% to 5%, typically, on the amount transferred.

•   Cash advance fee: It’s the greater of a flat dollar amount or a percentage of the cash advance.

•   Foreign transaction fee: You’ll be charged a percentage of each transaction amount, in U.S. dollars.

•   Returned payment fee: Having insufficient funds in the bank account used to pay your credit card bill could result in a returned payment fee.

•   Late payment fee: Payments made after the statement due date will incur a late fee of $8.

Where Can I Find My Credit Card’s Interest Rates?

There are several places you can locate your credit card’s interests rates and fees.

Any time you receive a solicitation for a credit card, which is basically an advertisement, the credit card issuer is required by law to disclose the card’s possible interest rates and fees, as well as how interest is calculated. Since the recipient of this advertisement hasn’t been approved for the credit at this point, these numbers are estimations.

If you are going through a prequalification process for a credit card, the issuer should be able to provide you with more specific APRs so you can decide if that card is a good financial tool for you.

After you’ve been approved, the credit card issuer will mail you a packet containing your physical credit card and detailed information in a cardmember agreement. It’s a good idea to read this document thoroughly so you’re aware of all possible APRs and fees you could be charged.

If you access your credit card account online or via an app, you can also find this same detailed information on the card issuer’s website. You can call the card’s customer service telephone number for the information.

The Takeaway

If you’re one of the many people who carry a credit card balance, knowing how much interest you’re paying on different types of charges is important. Interest charges on purchases are likely the most common interest charges, and the amount of interest you may pay can add up quickly.

To keep from paying interest on purchases at all, it’s important to pay your credit card balance in full each month. If you don’t, you’ll accrue interest, which compounds and can create a debt cycle.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

Why am I getting a purchase interest charge on my credit card?

You typically are assessed a purchase interest charge on your credit card if you haven’t paid your balance in full by the payment’s due date. The interest that you pay reflects your card’s APR and the debt owed.

How do I avoid purchase interest charges?

You can avoid purchase interest charges on your credit card by paying your bill in full every month.

What does 24% interest rate on my credit card mean?

A 24% APR on a credit card means that if you owe, say, $1,000, you would divide 24% by 365, and get 0.066% as a daily rate, or about 66 cents per day. To calculate how much you would owe in interest per month on a balance of $1,000, you would multiply the daily rate by the number of days in your billing cycle.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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