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When you apply for a mortgage, lenders typically require proof of income via pay stubs, W-2s, and tax returns. But with a bank statement mortgage, borrowers can use their bank statements instead of tax documents to verify income.

For self-employed workers, who currently number more than 9 million and sole proprietors (another 20-plus million), using bank statements can demonstrate their real income instead of the lower figure that might be reported on a tax return after deductions.

Read on to learn how you can leverage your bank statements to qualify for a mortgage.

What Is a Bank Statement Mortgage?

A homebuyer who is self-employed, by any name — sole proprietor, independent contractor, a member of a business partnership, freelancer, or gig worker — or anyone else may qualify for a bank statement mortgage loan, also known as a self-employed mortgage, by submitting personal or business bank statements.

A bank statement lists all transactions made in an account during a set period of time, usually a month. The sum of the transactions — deposits, charges, and withdrawals — is used to calculate the beginning and ending balances for that period. In place of tax returns, this account information is used to verify you have enough income and cash flow to cover a down payment and monthly loan payments.

Lenders offering bank statement mortgages may ask for 12 to 24 months of statements to determine the borrower’s net income — how much they earned after taxes and business write-offs. Typically, the bank statements cover the time period immediately preceding the loan application.

How Does a Bank Statement Mortgage Work?

So, what is a bank statement mortgage in practice? As with any mortgages, lenders can consider your credit score, work history, and proof of liquid assets as part of the loan application. But a bank statement mortgage differs in at least one way.

Whether you deposit income from your business directly into a personal bank account or into a separate business account affects how your income is calculated.

Lenders may apply an expense ratio to business bank statements with the understanding that part of the deposits go toward business expenses. This means that only a percentage — usually 50% to 85% — of qualifying deposits is used to calculate income. (However, it’s possible to obtain a lower expense factor with a statement from a certified public accountant or tax preparer.)

If you deposit income to your personal account from your business account, 100% of deposits can count toward calculating the bank statement mortgage you can afford. Without a separate business account, though, deposits to a personal account also receive an expense ratio.

Note that lenders can also factor in your ownership percentage in a business when calculating gross monthly income from business bank statements.

Here’s an example of how these two scenarios would work for the same self-employed person applying for a 12-month bank statement mortgage.

Business bank statement: ($84,000 in deposits / 12 months) x 50% expense ratio = $3,500 gross monthly income

Personal bank statement: $84,000 in deposits / 12 months = $7,000 gross monthly income

With this monthly gross income figure, the lender will assess monthly debt payments to calculate the debt-to-income ratio and determine the loan amount you qualify for.

Recommended: Understanding Mortgage Basics

Who Should Get a Bank Statement Mortgage?

Prospective homebuyers who don’t have consistent cash flow or who lack proof of income from an employer like W-2s and pay stubs could benefit from a bank statement mortgage.

Self-employed workers often claim tax deductions for business expenses to lower their tax liability, which makes their income appear lower on tax forms. Therefore, without using bank statements, many sole proprietors, contract workers, and freelancers will qualify for a smaller mortgage amount than they can actually afford.

Bank statement mortgage loans could also be advantageous for seasonal workers. Since gross monthly income is calculated as an average during the full time period covered by the bank statements, when the deposits occur within that time frame is less important. (Incidentally, if you’re seeking a personal loan there are similar considerations to getting a personal loan when self-employed.)

Recommended: Understanding the Different Types of Mortgage Loans

Pros and Cons of a Bank Statement Mortgage

Bank statement mortgages represent an alternative to conventional mortgage loans that lends itself to self-employed and seasonal workers. But it’s important to consider the pros and cons when shopping for a mortgage.

How to Find a Bank Statement Mortgage

Bank statement mortgages are considered non-qualified mortgages (non-QM), which means they may lack certain features and protections, so not every lender uses them. Though less common than traditional mortgages, many lenders, including banks and credit unions, offer bank statement mortgage loans.

Since bank statement loans are non-QMs, it’s natural to have questions about mortgage terms and requirements.

For instance, it’s worth asking about mortgage points — fees paid to a lender for a lower interest rate — since the limits on points and fees for a qualified mortgage do not apply.

Recommended: Mortgage Calculator

Alternatives to a Bank Statement Mortgage

Prospective homebuyers have a range of financing options to choose from, even if they’re self-employed.

Getting prequalified and preapproved can give you an idea of how much home you can afford, and a specific amount, respectively.

A mortgage loan originator will convey the loan terms you might qualify for and available financing options.

•   Conventional home loan: Conventional loans tend to come with competitive interest rates and are originated, backed, and serviced by private mortgage lenders.

•   FHA loan: Insured by the Federal Housing Administration but administered by approved private lenders, an FHA loan allows for down payments as low as 3.5% and lower credit scores than conventional loans.

•   USDA loan: A USDA loan, backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is designed to make homeownership affordable for low-income buyers in designated rural areas.

•   VA loan: Eligible service members, veterans, and eligible surviving spouses can obtain VA loans, guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, with competitive interest rates, no down payment, and minimal closing costs.

If you’ve been self-employed for two years, or one year self-employed plus two years in a similar role with comparable income, you may still qualify for one of the above loans.

Recommended: Help Center for Home Loans

The Takeaway

Being self-employed does not prevent borrowers from getting financing for a home purchase or refinance. A bank statement loan could be a solution if your tax returns don’t fully capture what you can afford. But you may also qualify for a conventional loan or other type of financing.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Are bank statement mortgages good?

Bank statement mortgages can be advantageous for self-employed homebuyers or refinancers, but they can have higher interest rates and down payment requirements. It’s worth checking to see if you’re eligible for conventional or government-backed loans first.

How much of a down payment is required for a bank statement mortgage?

Typically, bank statement loan lenders require a 20% down payment, or 10% if purchasing mortgage insurance.

Can I use a bank statement loan on a second home?

Yes, bank statement loans can be used for a second home, as well as vacation homes and investment properties.

Do bank statement mortgages work for refinancing?

Yes, homeowners can refinance with a bank statement mortgage, including applying for a cash-out refinance if they have enough home equity.

Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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SOHL-Q125-035

If you drive a car in Texas, you’ll need to make room in your budget for car insurance. The state requires it. The amount you’ll pay for protection depends on a number of factors, such as your driving record, age, car type, and insurer. Understanding the cost of coverage in your area can help as you’re comparing quotes. Keep reading to learn more about the average cost of car insurance in Texas.

How Much Does Car Insurance Cost in Texas?

The average cost of car insurance in Texas is $1,716 per year, according to a 2025 U.S. News & World Report analysis of cheap car insurance companies. By comparison, the national average is $2,068 per year.

Average Car Insurance Cost in Texas per Month

The average cost of car insurance in Texas is $143 per month, which is $29.33 less than the national monthly average of $172.33. But as the chart below shows, prices can vary greatly among the state’s insurers.

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Average Car Insurance Cost in Texas by City

Where you live can also impact how much you spend on car insurance. The rate of theft, vandalism, and accidents in your area can help online car insurance providers estimate how likely you are to file a claim, which can raise insurance costs. In the chart below, notice how rates vary even among 10 major cities in Texas.

Recommended: A Comprehensive Guide to Car Insurance

Source: Insure.com

Average Car Insurance Cost in Texas by Age and Gender of the Driver

Usually, teen drivers (aka new drivers) can expect to spend more on car insurance than older drivers. Gender is another consideration. Because women statistically get in fewer car accidents and have fewer DUI incidents, they tend to spend less on car insurance. Here’s a look at average annual premiums by different age groups.

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Average Car Insurance Rates After an At-Fault Accident

Your driving record plays a big role in the auto insurance rates you’re offered. In general, the better someone’s record is, the less they’ll spend on insurance. This table compares how much someone can generally expect to spend on car insurance in Texas when they have a clean record and after just one at-fault accident.

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Average Car Insurance Costs for Good and Bad Credit

Some insurance companies examine applicant credit scores when determining rates, as certain credit behaviors can indicate how likely someone is to file a claim. Rates can increase for drivers with lower credit scores. See how the average cost of full coverage car insurance in Texas differs between drivers with good and bad credit scores.

Source: LendingTree

What Else Affects Car Insurance Costs?

Other factors that can affect car insurance costs include:

How Much You Drive

The more someone drives, the more likely they are to get in an accident simply because they are on the road more often. As a result, driving more miles can lead to higher insurance prices.

Recommended: Does Auto Insurance Roadside Assistance Cover Keys Locked in a Car?

Make and Model of Your Car

When setting a rate, insurance companies often consider how expensive it would be to repair or replace the driver’s car. The higher these costs are, the more the driver will likely pay for coverage.

Amount of Coverage

How much car insurance do you need? The amount may be based on your personal preference or your state’s minimum car insurance requirements. But in general, the more coverage you have, the more expensive your policy will likely be.

Related: Car Insurance Terms, Explained

How to Get Affordable Car Insurance

Looking to lower your car insurance costs? Consider these tips and tricks for finding a more affordable car insurance policy.

Compare Quotes From Different Insurers

There’s no need to accept the first quote you’re offered. Instead, shop around with a few different auto insurance issuers to see which can offer the most coverage for the best price.

Recommended: How to Get Car Insurance

Choose a New Car Carefully

If you’re shopping for a new car, you may want to factor in the cost of insurance. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety shares helpful information on its website, iihs.org, about the cost of insuring different makes and models of cars.

Consider Whether a Higher Deductible Is Right for You

Choosing a higher deductible often means spending less on monthly premiums. However, it’s important to select a deductible you’ll be able to pay if you ever do need to file a claim.

Ask for Discounts

From taking a defensive driving course to earning good grades as a college student, there are many different ways you may qualify for a discount on your car insurance. If you’re looking to lower your monthly bill — and who isn’t? — then it can’t hurt to ask your insurer if you qualify for any discounts.

Recommended: Cheapest Car Insurance Companies: Find the Cheapest Car Insurance for You

The Takeaway

The average cost of car insurance in Texas is $1,716 per year, or $143 per month. The amount you’ll spend on car insurance depends on several factors, including your driving record, age, gender, location, credit score, and insurer.

When the unexpected happens, it’s good to know you have a plan to protect your loved ones and your finances. SoFi has teamed up with some of the best insurance companies in the industry to provide members with fast, easy, and reliable insurance.

Find affordable auto, life, homeowners, and renters insurance with SoFi Protect.

FAQ

How much is car insurance in Texas per month?

The average cost of car insurance in Texas is $1,716 annually. This breaks down to $143 per month.

Is car insurance expensive in Texas?

According to U.S. News & World Report, the average price of car insurance in Texas is higher than all but 12 other states in its 2025 study.

Is $300 a lot for car insurance?

In many cases, the average monthly cost for coverage in Texas is well below $300. But remember, the amount you pay depends on a number of different factors. A 17-year-old woman, for example, could very well pay more than $300 per month largely because of her age and lack of driving experience.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

Auto Insurance: Must have a valid driver’s license. Not available in all states.
Home and Renters Insurance: Insurance not available in all states.
Experian is a registered trademark of Experian.
SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC. (“”SoFi””) is compensated by Experian for each customer who purchases a policy through the SoFi-Experian partnership.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPRO-Q125-004

Most drivers know that the cost of car insurance in California varies, sometimes by hundreds of dollars. What you pay may be substantially different from what your friend pays, even if you have similar driving records and similar cars. That’s because there are dozens of data points that car insurance companies consider, from your age and Zip code to your insurance deductible and amount of coverage.

Keep reading to find out the average cost of car insurance in California, and how you can lower your premiums without sacrificing the coverage you need.

How Much Does Car Insurance Cost in California?

Drivers in California pay on average $1,782 a year for auto insurance, according to U.S. News & World Report. In a state where housing prices and the cost of living are so high, it stands to reason that car insurance is expensive as well. But what exactly goes into insurance companies’ calculations?

The California Department of Insurance weighs the following information in its estimates:

•   Coverage type. Liability Only vs. Standard.

•   Location. Divided into cities and, in bigger cities, into regions/neighborhoods.

•   Number of drivers covered. Single, couple, or family.

•   Years licensed.

•   Annual mileage.

•   Driving record.

•   Vehicle.

Average Car Insurance Cost in California per Month

Interested in getting car insurance in California? As you shop around, keep in mind that each insurance company has its own formula for calculating insurance rates. The table below shows how premiums vary among the ten largest insurance companies serving California.

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Average Car Insurance Cost in California By City

Your location has a big influence on the cost of car insurance in California. Insurance companies actually track traffic volume, accidents, and crime in different neighborhoods across the state. Drivers in more populated areas typically pay more than those who live in small towns or out in the countryside.

Here are average costs for standard car insurance in ten of California’s biggest cities.

Source: Insure.com

Recommended: Does Auto Insurance Roadside Assistance Cover Keys Locked in a Car?

Average Car Insurance Cost in California By Age of Driver

A driver’s age (or experience level, really) also plays a role in the cost of car insurance. A teenager who has just gotten their license is considered a greater risk by insurance companies. Higher risk translates to higher premiums. This is why many teens share a policy with parents. Once a driver hits age 20 (and still has a clean driving record), premiums often decrease. To find the best deal for younger drivers, compare quotes from an online insurance marketplace.

Average Car Insurance Cost in California After an At-Fault Accident

Your driving record has a major effect on your insurance premiums. Whether you’re involved in a fender bender or a more serious crash, chances are your car insurance rate will go up after an accident. According to U.S. News & World Report, California drivers who have one accident pay an average of $2,910 per year for coverage. By comparison, drivers with a clean record pay around $1,782 per year for coverage.

Recommended: How Much Does Insurance Go Up After an Accident?

Average Car Insurance Costs for Good and Bad Credit

In California, insurance companies can’t factor in credit scores when underwriting car insurance policies. So your credit history won’t have an affect on your ability to get or renew a car insurance policy — or how much you’ll pay.

Californians should be thankful for this. In New York state, drivers with excellent credit pay on average $2,096, while those with poor credit pay — whoa! — $4,088.

Recommended: How to Get Car Insurance

What Else Affects Your Car Insurance Cost?

As noted above, there are dozens of data points that insurance companies can use to estimate their risk and set premiums accordingly. One is marital status. Another is your car’s make and model, as well as its safety features and overall value.

Aside from the driver and the car, the type of policy impacts premiums. The more coverage you have, the more expensive your policy will be. Your state’s minimum car insurance requirements will get you the most rock-bottom premiums.

The type of deductible you choose also influences your cost. With a higher deductible, your premiums will be lower. The trade-off is that, if you get in an accident, you’ll be responsible for a larger share of the repair bill. In short, you can pay now or pay later.

How to Get Affordable Car Insurance

To find the most affordable car insurance for your profile and needs, it’s best to shop around and compare quotes. These days, online insurance marketplaces make that easy to do.

Once you’ve chosen one or two reputable insurers, it’s important to ask yourself how much car insurance you need. This goes back to the “pay now or pay later” dilemma mentioned above. A no-frills, liability-only policy with a higher deductible will have the lowest monthly premiums. But if you’re in an accident, you may wish you’d chosen more coverage.

Also consider bundling opportunities. Just as you pay less for Internet and TV when you combine services, you can save on car insurance if you purchase it from a company with which you have another policy, such as homeowners coverage.

And finally, ask about possible discounts through organizations and schools you’re affiliated with. Most insurers have a long list of companies they partner with to offer lower rates to customers.

Recommended: Cheapest Car Insurance Companies: Find the Cheapest Car Insurance for You

The Takeaway

The average cost of car insurance in California is $1,782. Your premiums may be higher or lower depending on factors related to your background (age, location, driving record), your vehicle (make and model, safety features), and your level of coverage (liability vs. comprehensive, low vs. high deductible). Just remember that the lowest premium may not offer all the coverage you need in case of an accident.

When the unexpected happens, it’s good to know you have a plan to protect your loved ones and your finances. SoFi has teamed up with some of the best insurance companies in the industry to provide members with fast, easy, and reliable insurance.

Explore your options with Experian at SoFi, your personal insurance shopper.

FAQ

How much is the average car insurance per month in California?

Numerous factors go into the calculation of a car insurance premium, including where you live in California, the length and status of your driving record, the type of vehicle you have and its mileage, and more. The average statewide is about $1,782, but the best way to find the most affordable coverage for your situation is to shop around for quotes from multiple insurers.

How much does the average person pay for car insurance in California?

Several factors go into the calculation of car insurance for a California resident. This post breaks it down in multiple ways and offers sample averages based on certain demographics and situations.

Is $300 a lot for car insurance?

In many cases, the average monthly cost for coverage in California is well below $300. But remember, the amount you pay depends on a number of different factors. A 17-year-old, for example, could very well pay more than $300 per month largely because of her lack of driving experience.

Photo credit: iStock/gguy44

Auto Insurance: Must have a valid driver’s license. Not available in all states.
Home and Renters Insurance: Insurance not available in all states.
Experian is a registered trademark of Experian.
SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC. (“”SoFi””) is compensated by Experian for each customer who purchases a policy through the SoFi-Experian partnership.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPRO-Q125-003

When shopping for car insurance, how much is too much to pay? The answer can vary based on your driving record, age, car type, insurer, and even where you live. But knowing the average cost of coverage in your state can help as you’re comparing quotes. Here’s a look at average prices in New York and how different factors can impact how much drivers there pay for protection.

How Much Does Car Insurance Cost in New York?

Drivers in New York pay an average of $1,808 per year for auto insurance, according to a 2025 U.S. News & World Report analysis of cheap car insurance companies.

Average Car Insurance Cost in New York per Month

The average monthly cost of car insurance in New York is $150.66. However, the amount you pay can vary by insurer, as the chart below shows.

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Average Car Insurance Cost in New York by City

Your location can influence how much you pay for car insurance in New York. That’s because when setting rates, insurers often consider the local volume of traffic, accidents, and crime. People living in cities tend to pay more for car insurance than those living in small towns or rural areas. But as the chart below shows, prices can also vary by city. Here are estimates for 10 of the biggest cities in New York:

Source: Insure.com

Average Car Insurance Cost in New York by Age and Gender of the Driver

Your age can impact your premiums. Younger, first-time drivers, for example, often pay more for coverage because they tend to have more accidents than older, more experienced drivers. Gender can play a role, too. In New York, women may end up paying less for car insurance than men because they tend to get into fewer severe accidents.

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Average Car Insurance Rates After an At-Fault Accident

As anyone who has been in a fender bender knows, car insurance rates tend to go up after an accident. New York drivers with a clean record pay around $1,808 per year for coverage. That amount rises to an average of $1,926 for drivers who have one accident.

But even traffic violations can cause prices to go up. A driver with one speeding ticket on their record pays an average of $2,064 for coverage, and one driving under the influence (DUI) offense causes rates to jump to an average of $2,559.

Recommended: Car Insurance Terms, Explained

Average Car Insurance Costs for Good and Bad Credit

Your credit score doesn’t just impact your ability to secure a loan. It can also play a role in how much you pay for car insurance. According to an analysis conducted by LendingTree, drivers with poor credit pay $4,088 on average per year for coverage, while those with excellent credit pay around $2,096.

What Else Affects Your Car Insurance Cost?

Here are other factors that can cause your car insurance rates to go up — or down.

Marital Status

Married drivers may qualify for more discounts than single drivers, since insurers often place them in a different risk category.

Make and Model of the Car

Your car’s safety features, accident rating, size, and overall value can all affect your insurance rates.

Amount of Coverage

The amount of coverage you need comes down to a number of factors, including your state’s minimum car insurance requirements, your budget, and your lifestyle. As a rule of thumb, the more coverage you have, the more expensive your policy will be.

The type of deductible you choose can also influence your overall costs. A deductible is the amount of money you’re responsible for after an accident before the insurance company pays its portion. With a higher deductible, you pay less money in premiums each month, but will be responsible for a bigger share of the expenses if you get in an accident.

Insurance History

Drivers who allow their coverage to lapse may be more likely to cancel their policy, so having a reliable history with one insurer may qualify you for a lower rate. In fact, it’s possible you’ll get a better quote when switching car insurance carriers than if you purchase insurance after going a few years without it.

Recommended: How to Lower Car Insurance

How to Get Affordable Car Insurance

The cost of coverage often varies by insurer. To find affordable car insurance, it’s a good idea to shop around and compare quotes. You can search online insurance companies and compare multiple car insurance rates.

You’ll also want to figure out how much car insurance you need. Keep in mind your state’s minimum car insurance requirements as well as additional coverage you may need.

If you’re looking to lower your car insurance, there are several strategies to consider. You may want to explore different policy options; look for bundling opportunities, such as getting your home and auto insurance from the same company; ask about possible discounts; and consider whether a policy with a higher deductible makes sense for you.

Recommended: Cheapest Car Insurance Companies: Find the Cheapest Car Insurance for You

The Takeaway

Drivers in New York pay an average of $1,808 per year for car insurance. However, the amount you pay can depend on several factors, including your age, gender, driving record, credit score, marital status, and where you live. It helps to shop around and compare multiple quotes to find coverage that fits your needs and budget.

When the unexpected happens, it’s good to know you have a plan to protect your loved ones and your finances. SoFi has teamed up with some of the best insurance companies in the industry to provide members with fast, easy, and reliable insurance.

Find affordable auto, life, homeowners, and renters insurance with SoFi Protect.

FAQ

How much is car insurance in New York monthly?

The average cost of car insurance in New York is $150.66 per month. But you may end up paying a different amount based on a wide range of factors, such as age, gender, driving record, credit score, and location.

How much is car insurance in New York for a 25-year-old?

A 25-year-old man pays an average of $2,077 per year for car insurance, according to a 2025 analysis conducted by U.S. News & World Report. Women of the same age pay an average of $2,048 per year. Gender and age are two of several factors that can impact how much you pay for coverage.

Is $300 a lot for car insurance?

In many cases, the average monthly cost for coverage in New York is below $300. But premium amounts vary based on a number of factors. An 18-year-old male driver, for example, could very well pay more than $300 per month because of his age and lack of driving experience.

Photo credit: iStock/cmart7327

Auto Insurance: Must have a valid driver’s license. Not available in all states.
Home and Renters Insurance: Insurance not available in all states.
Experian is a registered trademark of Experian.
SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC. (“”SoFi””) is compensated by Experian for each customer who purchases a policy through the SoFi-Experian partnership.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPRO-Q125-002

A credit card is a small, rectangular piece of plastic or metal that lets you make purchases. Whether you’re buying lunch or a new piece of furniture, a credit card enables you to borrow funds from a credit issuer to pay the merchant. Then, every month, you’ll receive a statement in the mail with your balance, which you’ll want to pay off every billing cycle. Otherwise, you’ll owe interest on the remaining amount.

While the concept sounds simple, it’s easy to rack up debt if you’re not careful. With that in mind, here’s credit cards explained in-depth.

Credit Card Meaning

Banks and other financial institutions issue credit cards to consumers to extend revolving lines of credit. A revolving line of credit means the cardholder can borrow money up to their credit limit and then repay it on a continuing basis.

With other lines of credit, like a personal loan, you take out a lump sum amount and agree to repay it within a specific timeframe. During this timeframe, you make fixed installment payments. On the other hand, with a credit card, you can repeatedly borrow against the limit, which gives you more flexibility to use the card as needed.

When you receive your credit card, you’ll note several different numbers on it. There’s the credit card account number, alongside your name and the credit card issuer’s logo. Also on a credit card are the credit card expiration date, which marks when the card is valid through, and the CVV number on a credit card, which offers an extra layer of security in purchases made online or over the phone.

Recommended: What Is a Credit Card CVV Number?

How Does a Credit Card Work?

While there are different types of credit cards, this is the basic way they work. Once you have a new credit card in hand, you can use it to make purchases at places that accept credit card payments. Then, every month, you’ll receive a statement either electronically or in the mail, depending on your preference. The statement will include all purchases, your outstanding balance, and the minimum monthly payment due.

You’re required to make at least the minimum payment on your account to keep it open and in good standing. However, you also can opt to pay your entire balance in full or decide on another amount (as long as it meets the minimum payment requirement). If you were to pay an amount that exceeds your total balance, then you’d end up with a negative balance on your credit card.

If you aren’t able to make the minimum credit card payment, the outstanding balance will roll over to the next month and begin accruing interest and fees — which can significantly add up over time. Therefore, it’s best to get in the habit of paying off your credit card every month to avoid paying an extremely high amount of interest. But, if your finances don’t allow you to pay the entire balance, you could make smaller payments throughout the month to minimize the amount of accumulating interest.

To ensure you make your monthly payments, you can usually set up autopay for the minimum payment. This way, you won’t miss a payment and get charged a late fee. Unfortunately, late payments also can end up on your credit report, which can negatively affect your credit score.

How Does Credit Card Interest Work?

Every credit card comes with an annual percentage rate (APR), which represents the annualized cost of borrowing including interest and fees and marks an important part of how credit cards work. In general, credit cards are considered to have high interest rates vs. some other forms of credit, such as personal loans.

Some credit cards have more than one APR, such as a balance transfer APR, an introductory APR, or a cash advance APR. While introductory APRs are usually lower than the standard rate but only last for a promotional period, cash advance APRs are typically higher than the standard purchase APR.

You will pay interest based on the APR on a credit card if you have an outstanding balance that carries over from one month to the next. Credit issuers use your average daily balance, interest rate, and the number of days in the billing cycle to calculate the interest amount.

Usually, credit issuers offer a grace period where interest will not accrue. This period is typically between the statement date and due date, commonly 21 days.

Credit vs. Debit Cards

They may look alike, but there are notable and important differences between credit cards and debit cards. For starters, you’re not borrowing funds with a debit card. Instead, you’re drawing on funds in the bank account attached to the debit card. As such, you can’t incur interest charges, nor can you rack up debt. However, you can’t use a debit card to help establish your credit.

In general, debit cards offer less robust consumer protections against financial fraud and theft than credit cards do. They also don’t typically offer rewards or other benefits that credit cards can have.

6 Common Types of Credit Cards

Now that you understand how credit cards work, here are some available credit card options.

1. Reward Cards

You can earn cash back, points, or miles when you spend money using a rewards credit card. Some credit cards may also offer a sign-up bonus. For example, a credit card could offer 100,000 points when you spend $4,000 or more within the first three months of enrolling.

You can usually find a card offering rewards that coincides with your spending habits. For example, if you love shopping at a particular store, retail-branded cards have lucrative benefits for frequent shoppers.Some programs, like SoFi Plus, provide exclusive benefits that go beyond standard rewards, offering additional perks for members who qualify.

Keep in mind that you typically have to have a good credit score to qualify for a rewards credit card. But, even if you do qualify, it’s essential to keep your spending habits in check. Reward cards incentivize you to spend money, so you don’t want to end up overspending and getting into a pile of debt you can’t climb out of.

2. Credit Builder Cards

If you have little to no credit or need to build your credit, a credit builder credit card is a viable solution. You’ll likely start with a lower credit card limit and an APR that’s higher than the average credit card interest rate to reduce the credit card issuer’s risk.

Credit builder credit cards usually don’t come with the bells and whistles that rewards cards offer. Instead, the card can help you build your credit. With that said, you’ll want to use your credit card responsibly, making on-time monthly payments and paying off your balance every month. Not doing so could negatively impact your credit history and cost you a lot of money.

3. Balance Transfer Cards

Do you have a high-interest outstanding credit card balance? Using a balance transfer credit card is one solution for helping you tackle your debt. Balance transfer credit cards let you move your current credit card debt to a new account with a lower interest rate. Additionally, transferring your balance can mean you’ll only have to stay on top of one payment a month, rather than multiple.

Having a good credit score can help you qualify for a balance transfer credit card. If you qualify, you could receive a lower ongoing rate or even a 0% introductory rate, which usually will last for six to 18 months. You’ll want to try to pay off your balance within that promotional period, before the higher APR kicks in.

Note that balance credit cards often charge a fee for transferring a balance — usually 3% or so of the amount transferred. So, make sure you factor in the additional fees before you move over your existing balance.

4. Secured Credit Cards

Another option for those with little to no credit or poor credit history is a secured credit card. With a secured credit card, you make a refundable deposit, which protects the card issuer from defaulted payments. If you default, the credit card issuer can use the deposit to recoup the loss.

Your deposit is usually the amount of your credit limit. For example, if you are approved for a $500 limit, you may need to put down $500. Though your deposit will be tied up while the account is open, a secured credit card can allow you to build your credit when used responsibly. Just keep in mind that while secured credit cards are generally easier to qualify for, they also tend to have higher APRs and fees.

If you decide to close a secured credit card account, you can usually get your deposit back. The card issuer may also give you the option to upgrade to an unsecured card if you’ve proven your creditworthiness. In this case, you’d receive a refund as well.

5. Travel Credit Cards

If you’re a frequent flier or visit hotels often, a travel credit card can be a lucrative choice. Many airline and hotel brands have credit cards that let you earn miles, points, or rewards to use toward your travel adventures. Some credit cards may also come with a sign-up bonus or extra perks such as free checked bags, access to VIP airport lounges, and travel insurance.

When selecting a card, you’ll want to find the card that makes sense for the way you travel. That way, you can get the most out of your credit card. Travel credit cards usually require applicants to have good to excellent credit for approval. So, before applying, make sure to check your credit score to see if it’s acceptable.

6. 0% Introductory APR Credit Cards

If you’re getting ready to make a big purchase, a 0% introductory APR credit card might be worth considering. With this type of credit card, the card issuer gives you a 0% introductory rate to make purchases during a specific time frame. This way, you can make the purchase without paying interest on the expensive item(s).

However, you’ll want to make sure you repay the entire amount before the introductory period ends to avoid interest. Before you swipe, make sure you have a plan to pay off the balance within that time frame.

Also note that to qualify for a 0% introductory APR credit card, you usually must have good to excellent credit.

Pros and Cons of Credit Cards

Here’s an overview of the pros and cons of credit cards, which are helpful for anyone just getting familiar with the credit card definition to be aware of:

Pros

Reasons a credit card can be worthwhile include:

•   Convenience. A credit card offers much greater convenience than, say, carrying around a wad of cash. You can easily swipe or tap your card at any merchant that accepts credit card payments, which the vast majority do.

•   Pay over time. Another benefit of a credit card is that it allows you to pay over time for a purchase. Say you’re in an emergency and need to access funds immediately, but know you’ll be good to pay back the amount soon. Or maybe you’re making a big purchase and don’t want to have to shell out for it all at once, instead spreading out payments throughout the month.

•   Build positive credit history. Credit cards give you the means to establish a strong payment history, which can help boost your credit score. When you need to apply for a personal loan or mortgage in the future, a higher credit score can help you qualify for better terms and rates.

•   Track spending. Credit cards are valuable tools for budgeting since many cards let you track your spending on an app or online. Also, some credit cards give you the ability to categorize your expenses to see where your money is going and make adjustments accordingly.

•   Get fraud protection. If your debit card information is stolen, fraudsters can directly access your bank account. But, if you use a credit card, you usually have more fraud protection benefits in places such as purchase protection and identity theft protection. For instance, you can dispute a credit card charge and even receive a credit card chargeback.

•   Earn rewards. Many credit cards offer a reward program like SoFi Plus that gives you points or cash back when spending money. For example, you could earn money for traveling, shopping, or even statement credits.

Cons

Remember, while credit cards are a valuable financial tool, they can also hinder you if not used responsibly. Here are some downsides to keep in mind:

•   Potential to damage credit. Just as you can positively impact your score with a credit card, you can also negatively affect it.

•   Possible to rack up debt. Credit cards can make it easy to rack up a mountain of debt that can continue ballooning, thanks to interest. It’s not easy to get rid of credit card debt either (for instance, here’s what happens to credit card debt when you die).

•   Interest. Credit cards generally have higher APRs compared to other types of debt — usually well into the double digits. It can make purchases much more expensive if you’re paying a hefty amount of interest on top of the actual cost.

•   Fees. Another downside of credit cards is the potential to incur fees. Some are avoidable, like late fees or cash advance fees, while others can be harder to avoid, such as if your credit card of choice charges an annual fee.

How to Apply for a Credit Card

Before you apply for a new credit card, you’ll want to check your credit score. You can pull a free copy of your credit report at AnnualCreditReport.com. Knowing your credit score will help you determine whether you meet the approval requirements for the cards you’re interested in.

Once you decide on some card options, you can usually get prequalified online. If you prequalify for a card, your approval odds could be in your favor (though you’re still not actually approved). Also, when companies process your preapproval, they only complete a soft credit inquiry, which won’t impact your credit like a hard inquiry does. However, when you’re ready to apply, the credit issuer will conduct a hard credit inquiry.

If you’re approved for the card you apply for, you should receive your credit card in the mail within 14 days.

The Takeaway

A credit card, in simplest terms, is a physical card you can use to make purchases and pay bills. A credit card typically comes with a credit limit, and you’ll receive a statement each month that details your purchases, the outstanding balance, and the minimum payment due. You’re required to pay the minimum amount due each month in order to remain in good standing with the credit card issuer and avoid negatively impacting your credit score. Paying off your balance in full each month enables you to avoid interest charges.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

What are the main differences between credit and debit cards?

Debit cards use the money in your checking account to pay for purchases. When you make a purchase using a credit card, on the other hand, you’re using a line of credit to borrow money. Therefore, you usually have to pay interest on your transactions with a credit card if you don’t repay your balance right away.

How do I choose a credit card?

It’s helpful to select a credit card that matches your needs and financial habits. You’ll also want to make sure you meet the card issuer’s approval criteria. For example, if a credit card requires a credit score of 700 and your score is 650, you may have to explore other options or take steps to build your credit before applying.

How long does it take to get a credit card?

Once you submit a credit card application, it may take just minutes before you’re approved. Usually, you’ll receive your credit card within 14 days of approval. You can call the credit issuer and request expedited processing if you need your credit card sooner.

Photo credit: iStock/Nodar Chernishev

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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