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A mortgage preapproval letter is usually good for 30 to 90 days, and some lenders will lock the rate for that time.

Having a letter of preapproval from a financial institution can help ensure that you’re ready to snap up a home you love.

What Is Mortgage Preapproval?

Mortgage preapproval has become an essential part of the home-buying process. Real estate agents often want to see a preapproval letter before showing houses.

Note: A SoFi Verified Preapproval Letter is valid for 90 days.

A letter shows sellers that you are serious about buying their home — even if you’re a first-time homebuyer — and that a mortgage lender is likely to give you a home loan of a specific amount quickly.

The lender will review your credit history, credit score, income, debts, and assets to determine the amount you tentatively qualify for.

Preapproval will help you focus on homes that are in your price range. Knowing how much of a mortgage you can afford is important when you don’t want to waste time reviewing homes outside your range.

Mortgage Preapproval Process

The mortgage process starts informally for many would-be homebuyers.

Some buy into the 28% rule — spend no more than 28% of gross monthly income on a mortgage payment — and play with calculators like this home mortgage calculator with taxes and insurance or the one later in this article.

Seeking mortgage preapproval means you’re getting serious. First, you’ll need to understand the different types of mortgage loans — fixed rate, adjustable rate, conventional, government insured (FHA, VA, USDA), jumbo — and what you can qualify for.

Then you’ll need to apply for a loan from one to several lenders and provide a good deal of documentation. Each lender will perform a hard credit inquiry, and you’ll receive a loan estimate within three business days.

If you’re shopping for a home loan, allowing multiple mortgage companies to check your credit within 14 or 45 days, depending on the credit scoring model being used, will minimize the hit to your credit scores.

How Long Does It Take to Get Preapproved?

It usually takes seven to 10 business days to receive a preapproval letter after submitting all the requested information.

Mortgage Preapproval Letter

Other than stating the specific amount you’re preapproved for, a mortgage preapproval letter may outline stipulations to gain the loan, such as maintaining your employment or not taking on any additional debt.

How Long Does Mortgage Preapproval Last?

Some lenders will make a commitment of 60 or 90 days. That time frame tends to work, since homebuyers typically shop for a home for 10 weeks, according to the National Association of Realtors®.

Other lenders will issue preapproval for only 30 or 45 days.

Recommended: How Mortgage APR Works

Mortgage Prequalification vs. Mortgage Preapproval

Since they sound similar, it’s worth mapping out the difference between prequalification and preapproval.
Prequalification is a key first step, when borrowers tell lenders about their income, assets, and debts. Lenders use that unverified information, and usually a soft credit inquiry, to give a ballpark estimate of how much they might be willing to lend.

The response is quick: You can often get prequalified immediately or within a day or two. Just realize that prequalification does not mean that a lender is guaranteeing a loan.

The mortgage preapproval process is a deeper dive and requires documentation.

To gauge whether you qualify for a mortgage, lenders will scrutinize:

•   Income: Employees will need to provide pay stubs, W-2s, and tax returns from the past two years, as well as documentation of any additional income, such as work bonuses. Self-employed workers often need two years’ worth of records and a year-to-date profit and loss statement, although many lenders and loan programs are flexible.

•   Assets and liabilities: You’ll need to provide proof of savings, investment accounts, and any properties. Lenders view assets as proof that you can afford your down payment and closing costs and still have cash reserves.

Lenders also look at monthly debt obligations to calculate your debt-to-income ratio.

•   Credit score: Your credit score is a three-digit representation of your credit history.

Recommended: What Is Considered a Bad Credit Score?

Once your lender has reviewed the information, it may offer a preapproval letter. Importantly, receiving preapproval from a lender does not obligate you to use them.

Estimate Your Mortgage Payment

Before you seek prequalification or preapproval, you might want to get an idea of how much your monthly mortgage payment could be. Use the mortgage calculator below to quickly see the difference in mortgage payments based on down payment, interest rate, and a 15- or 30-year term.

What Should I Do If My Mortgage Preapproval Expires?

Lenders put an expiration date on preapproval letters because they need to have your most up-to-date financial information on hand. The credit, income, debt, and asset items they reviewed for your preapproval typically need to be updated after the letter expires, and your credit may be checked again.

You can minimize the effect of “hard pulls” on your credit score by avoiding seeking a renewal when you’re not actively shopping for a home.

If your finances have mostly stayed the same, your lender is likely to renew your preapproval.

Finalizing Your Mortgage

If you find a house while your mortgage preapproval is still valid, you can choose a lender and move on to finalizing your mortgage application. At this point, in many cases, the lender will check again to see if there have been any changes in your financial situation.

The mortgage underwriter will review all the information, order an appraisal of the chosen property and a title report, and consider your down payment. Then comes the verdict: approved, suspended (more documentation is needed), or denied.

Your mortgage is officially approved when you receive a final commitment letter. A closing date can be scheduled. It generally takes 43 days to close on a house, but it could happen in as little as 20 days.

Buyers may want to minimize changes, like applying for other loans or credit, when a home loan is in underwriting.

The Takeaway

How long is mortgage preapproval good for? Often 30 to 90 days. Getting prequalified is a smart precursor to getting preapproved for a mortgage. Preapproval can give you a competitive edge in a tight home market, and helps you more clearly understand how your home mortgage loan will affect your monthly budget.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

How does mortgage preapproval affect my credit score?

The preapproval process involves a hard credit inquiry, which may cause a dip in your credit score. Each hard pull may lower your credit score but typically by less than five points. Multiple hard inquiries are usually counted as one inquiry as long as they are made within the same 14 to 45 days.

What’s the difference between mortgage prequalification and preapproval process?

Prequalification usually takes just minutes and requires you to provide only the most basic financial information in the application process. It also results in only a soft inquiry on your credit score. Preapproval will require more in-depth information, such as pay stubs and tax returns, and involves a hard credit inquiry. Getting preapproved may take a week or 10 days.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
^†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

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Conventional loans are the most popular kind of mortgage, but a government-backed mortgage like an FHA loan is easier to qualify for and may have a lower interest rate. FHA home loans have attractive qualities, but borrowers should know that mortgage insurance usually tags along for the life of the loan.

As of March 2023, new FHA borrowers will pay less for insurance. The Biden-Harris Administration announced it was reducing premiums by .30 percentage points, lowering annual homeowner costs by $800 on average. The administration hopes the cuts will help offset rising interest rates.

What Is an FHA Loan?

The Federal Housing Administration has been insuring mortgages originated by approved private lenders for single-family and multifamily properties, as well as residential care facilities, since 1934.

The FHA backs a variety of loans that cater to the specific needs of a borrower, such as FHA reverse mortgages for people 62 and older and FHA Energy Efficient Mortgages for those looking to finance home improvements that will increase energy efficiency (and therefore lower housing costs).

But FHA loans are most popular among first-time homebuyers, in large part because of the relaxed credit requirements.

Recommended: Tips to Qualify for a Mortgage

FHA Loan Requirements

If you’re interested in an FHA home loan to buy a single-family home or an owner-occupied property with up to four units, here are the details on qualifying.

FHA Loan Credit Scores and Down Payments

Borrowers with FICO® credit scores of 580 or more may qualify for a down payment of 3.5% of the sales price or the appraised value, whichever is less.

Those with a poor credit score range of 500 to 579 are required to put 10% down.

The FHA allows your entire down payment to be a gift, from a family member, close friend, employer or labor union, charity, or government homebuyer program. The money will need to be documented with a mortgage gift letter.

FHA Loan DTI

Besides your credit score, lenders will look at your debt-to-income ratio, or monthly debt payments compared with your monthly gross income.

FHA loans allow a DTI ratio of up to 50% in some cases, vs. a typical 45% maximum for a conventional loan.

FHA Mortgage Insurance

FHA loans require an upfront mortgage insurance premium (MIP) of 1.75% of the base loan amount, which can be rolled into the loan. As of March 2023, monthly MIP for new homebuyers is 0.15% to .75% — most often 0.55%.

For a $300,000 mortgage balance, that’s upfront MIP of $5,250 and monthly MIP of $137.50 at the 0.55% rate.

That reality can be painful, but MIP becomes less expensive each year as the loan balance is paid off.

There’s no getting around mortgage insurance with an FHA home loan, no matter the down payment. And it’s usually only shed by refinancing to a conventional loan or selling the house.

FHA Loan Limits

In 2023, FHA loan limits in most of the country are as follows:

•   Single unit: $472,030

•   Duplex: $604,400

•   Three-unit property: $730,525

•   Four-unit property: $$907,900

The range in high-cost areas is $1,089,300 (for single unit) to $2,095,200 (four-unit property); for Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the range is $1,633,950 (for single unit) to $3,142,800 (for four-unit property).

FHA Interest Rates

FHA loans usually have lower rates than comparable conventional loans.

The annual percentage rate (APR) — the annual cost of a loan to a borrower, including fees — may look higher on paper than the APR for a conventional loan because FHA rate estimates include MIP, whereas conventional rate estimates assume 20% down and no private mortgage insurance.

The APR will be similar, though, for an FHA loan with 3.5% down and a 3% down conventional loan.

FHA Income Requirements

There are none. High and low earners may apply for an FHA loan, but they must have at least two established credit accounts.

Recommended: How to Afford a Down Payment on Your First Home

Types of FHA Home Loans

Purchase

That’s the kind of loan that has been described.

FHA Simple Refinance

By refinancing, FHA loan borrowers can get out of an adjustable-rate mortgage or lower their interest rate.

They must qualify by credit score and income, and have an appraisal of the property. Closing costs and prepaids can usually be rolled into the new loan.

FHA Streamline Refinance

Homeowners who have an FHA loan also may lower their interest rate or opt for a fixed-rate FHA loan with an FHA Streamline Refinance. Living up to the name, this program does not require a home appraisal or verification of income or credit.

Note: SoFi does not offer FHA streamline refinance, FHA 203(k) loan, or FHA cash-out refinance at this time. However, SoFi does offer FHA loan options.

The new loan may carry an MIP discount, but you’ll pay the upfront MIP in addition to monthly premiums. An exception: The upfront MIP fee of 1.75% is refundable if you refinance into an FHA Streamline Refinance or FHA Cash-out Refinance within three years of closing on your FHA home loan.

Closing costs are involved with almost any refinance, and the FHA doesn’t allow lenders to roll them into a Streamline Refinance loan. If you see a no closing cost refinance for an FHA loan, that means that instead of closing costs, a lender will charge a higher interest rate on the new loan.

You’ll continue to pay MIP after refinancing unless you convert your FHA loan to a conventional mortgage.

FHA Cash-Out Refinance

You don’t need to have an FHA loan to apply for an FHA Cash-Out Refinance. Whatever kind of loan the current mortgage is, if the eligible borrower has 20% equity in the home, the refinanced loan, with cash back, becomes an FHA loan.

The good news: Homeowners with lower credit scores may be approved. The not-great news: They will have to pay mortgage insurance for 11 years.

Any cash-out refi can trigger mortgage insurance until a borrower is back below the 80% equity threshold.

FHA 203(k) Loan

In addition to its straightforward home loan program, the FHA offers FHA 203(k) loans, which help buyers of older residences finance both the home purchase and repairs with one mortgage.

An FHA 203(k) loan can be a 15- or 30-year fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage.

Some homeowners take out an additional home improvement loan when the need arises.

FHA vs Conventional Loans

Is an FHA loan right for you? If your credit score is between 500 and 620, an FHA home loan could be your only option. But if your credit score is 620 or above, you might look into a conventional loan with a low down payment.

You can also buy more house with a conventional conforming loan than with an FHA loan. Conforming loan limits in 2023 are $726,200 for a one-unit property and $1,089,300 in high-cost areas.

Borrowers who put less than 20% down on a conventional loan may have to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) until they reach 20% loan-to-value. But borrowers with at least very good credit scores may be able to avoid PMI by using a piggyback mortgage; others, by opting for lender-paid mortgage insurance.

One perk of an FHA loan is that it’s an assumable mortgage. That can be a draw to a buyer in a market with rising rates.

The Takeaway

An FHA home loan can secure housing when it otherwise could be out of reach, and FHA loans are available for refinancing and special purposes. But mortgage insurance often endures for the life of an FHA loan. The Biden-Harris Administration recently reduced monthly MIP for new homebuyers to help offset higher interest rates.

Some mortgage hunters might be surprised to learn that they qualify for a conventional purchase loan with finite mortgage insurance instead. And some FHA loan holders who have gained equity may want to convert to a conventional loan through mortgage refinancing.

SoFi offers conventional fixed-rate mortgages with competitive interest rates and cancellable PMI, as well as refinancing. Check out SoFi’s low rate home mortgages.

Qualifying first-time homebuyers can put as little as 3% down, and others, 5%.

Photo credit: iStock/Ihor Lukianenko
SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOHL0622007

If you’re looking to buy a condo or townhome, understanding the distinctions may help you home in on the choice that better suits your lifestyle and needs. Read on to learn the major differences between these two kinds of property.

What Is a Condo?

A condominium is a private property within a larger property, whether that be a single building or a complex. Residents share amenities like clubhouses, gyms, pools, parking, and the common grounds, and pay homeowners association (HOA) dues to support those shared assets. If you buy a condo, you’ll own your interior space only.

What Is a Townhouse?

A townhouse is a single-family unit that shares one or more walls with another home, usually has two or more floors, and may have a small backyard or patio. If you buy a townhouse, you’ll own the interior and exterior of the unit and the land on which it sits. Upkeep of the exterior could be split between you and the homeowners association (HOA).


💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

Condo vs Townhouse: Differences

Both are part of a larger structure, unlike some other house types, and both usually share one or more walls, but some similarities end there. Here are the key differences.

1. Construction

In the condo vs. townhouse debate, construction differs. A townhouse will share at least one wall with a property next door. A condo could have another unit below and above it, in addition to neighbors on either side. That could mean sharing all surrounding walls and floors/ceilings.

2. Actual Ownership

If you’re considering townhouse vs. condo, what would you actually own? With townhomes, the buyer owns the land and the structure. That could mean some creativity with decorating the lot or the home’s exterior. With condos, the buyer owns the interior of the unit and an “interest” (along with all of the other owners) in the common elements of the condominium project.

3. Community

With both condos and townhouses, residents will have fairly close contact with their neighbors. With shared walls and spaces, residents may have more social relationships with their community than they would with a single-family home. That means it’s important for buyers to research the community when condo shopping. Is the condo social? Does it plan a lot of events, or do people generally keep to themselves? Since there are many shared spaces, understanding how the community functions could directly affect living there.

If a townhome isn’t part of an HOA, living in the complex could feel similar to living in a single-family home. In that case, it could be up to the buyer to create a sense of community.

4. Homeowners Associations

Condos come with an HOA, a resident-led board that collects ongoing fees that can range from $200 to thousands of dollars, and mandates any special assessments. The HOA also enforces its covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs).

Not all townhouse communities have an HOA, but if they do, townhouse owners usually pay lower monthly fees than condo owners because they pay for much of their own upkeep.

5. Obligations and Regulations

What’s the difference between a townhouse and a condo when it comes to rules and regulations? Condo owners will be required to meet all HOA standards. That could dictate anything from what residents want to hang on their front door to whether they can have pets, how many, and whether Biff needs to be registered as a service animal or emotional support animal. If an owner wants to renovate their condo, they may have to get the work approved by the HOA.

If a townhome is part of an HOA, many of the above restrictions could apply. However, if it’s not an HOA community, townhouse owners have more freedom to decorate the exterior of their home or maintain their landscape as they see fit.

6. Insurance

Condos have their own form of property insurance. HO-6 provides coverage for the interior of a condo and the owner’s personal belongings. In addition, the entire building needs to be insured, which is paid for with HOA dues.

If a townhouse is part of an HOA community, each property requires HO-6 insurance and coverage for the community through HOA dues. When a townhouse isn’t part of an HOA, buyers are typically required to have homeowners insurance.

7. Fees and Expenses

HOA fees for condos are usually higher than for townhouses because they cover exterior maintenance and shared amenities. If townhouse owners are part of an HOA, they’ll usually pay lower monthly fees because they pay for much of their own upkeep.

Condo owners don’t have to worry about repairing the roof or replacing siding. Everything exterior-facing is managed collectively and paid for with HOA dues, but those fees may be high and are periodically reevaluated, and so may rise over time.

8. Financing

It can be harder to obtain financing for a condo than for a townhouse. Condos may be eligible for conventional mortgage loans and government-insured loans. (Study the mortgage basics to learn more about the difference between these types.) Lenders of conventional loans will review the financial health of an HOA, whether most of the units are owner-occupied, and ownership distribution. Interested in an FHA loan or a VA loan? Both agencies maintain respective lists of approved condos.

In the case of a townhouse, the financing process is similar to that of a traditional mortgage because a townhouse includes the land it’s built on. Its value is factored into the process.

9. Resale Value

A large factor in a condo holding value is the management, which isn’t always in the hands of the owner. Strong management can help a condo maintain or grow in value. Additionally, where the condo is located will influence resale value. Condos generally hold value but don’t see the boost in resale expected with single-family homes. Similarly, buying a townhouse may not usher in the appreciation of most single-family homes.


💡 Quick Tip: Your parents or grandparents probably got mortgages for 30 years. But these days, you can get them for 20, 15, or 10 years — and pay less interest over the life of the loan.

Condo vs Townhouse: Which May Be Right for You?

Condos and townhomes have their fair share of differences, as well as some similarities. Overall, condos can offer a low-maintenance property where owners simply look after their condo interior. With condo ownership comes the added perk of shared amenities. But condos come with monthly HOA fees, which must be factored into any purchase. Additionally, the community association and its management of the property will likely have a large impact on what life is like in a particular condo complex. Condo buyers may be more community-minded, as they share space with their neighbors. (If a condo feels like the right choice, read a guide to buying a condo as you embark on your search.)

Townhouses offer more freedom and privacy than condos. Owners may have the option of personalizing their exterior and enjoying outdoor space if the property has a patio or backyard. Townhomes generally require more responsibility and upkeep than a condo, even if there’s an HOA involved. Exterior maintenance will be required. If this sounds like a good fit, dig deeper by reading a guide to buying a townhouse.

Of course, you may be better suited to a different living situation altogether. House or condo? Take a quiz to learn which of these options might be best for you.

The Takeaway

When it comes to finding a home, the perfect fit is up to the individual, but buyers may want to take a hard look at monthly fees, community rules, how social they intend to be, and precisely what they own and must maintain.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Between condos and townhouses, which is cheaper to buy?

The cost of a condo and townhome will vary based on location and size, but condos are often less expensive than townhouses because they come with no land.

Do you own the land around a condo if you buy it?

No. The purchase of a condo only includes the interior.

Is the resale value higher for a condo or townhouse?

In general, condos and townhomes don’t appreciate as quickly as single-family homes. The value will vary based on area, upkeep, and other conditions.

Between condos and townhouses, which has better financing options?

Financing a townhome is like financing a single-family home. A buyer can choose from multiple types of mortgages.

Financing a condo, on the other hand, involves a lender review of the community or inclusion on a list of approved condominium communities. Because a private lender could see a condo as a riskier purchase, the interest rate could be higher unless a large down payment was made.

Photo credit: iStock/Inhabitant

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOHL0124004

Congratulations! You’ve found a house you love and want to buy. You may even be in the final stages of closing on this dream home. But sometimes, homebuyers may need to access what’s known as an escrow holdback: a way of setting aside funds at the closing for repairs that are most definitely needed as you take ownership.

For example, what happens if a blizzard hits the week before your scheduled closing, revealing a leaky roof that needs major (pricey) repairs?

This wasn’t something that showed up in the initial inspection report. Or, maybe it did show up in the inspection report, but the issue is suddenly much more pressing in light of said snowstorm. Either way, these repairs can’t be made at this particular time because it’s winter and, well, it’s snowing outside.

What’s a buyer to do? In this scenario, an escrow holdback could be a path to funding the necessary repairs without blowing your closing date. Here, you’ll learn more about escrow holdbacks, including:

•   What is an escrow holdback?

•   How does an escrow holdback work?

•   What qualifies for an escrow holdback?

•   What if your situation doesn’t qualify for a holdback?

Escrow Holdbacks Defined

Before defining escrow holdbacks, here’s what escrow is: Typically, it’s money held by a third party as assets (such as real estate) are being transferred.

An escrow holdback agreement, however, occurs when money is set aside at the closing of a home to complete repairs. Generally, the seller is the one supplying the money, though not always.

Money is held in an escrow account until the repairs are completed. The funds can then be released. Another name for an escrow holdback that you may hear used is a repair escrow.

This may sound like a pretty good arrangement, but an escrow holdback isn’t a possibility for every borrower and in every scenario. Consider the following:

•   The lender’s underwriter will review the appraisal and any accompanying inspection reports to confirm that the sales price is met and that the property does not show evidence of any deferred maintenance items that can have an effect on things like safety, soundness, or structural integrity.

•   These are often referred to as health and safety issues. Health and safety issues can affect whether the home is eligible for financing.

•   Most lenders will not close a loan on a home that has been called out for things like missing railing, stairs, fencing, and much more.

It’s not hard to imagine a situation where a homebuyer needs the seller to repair something that cannot be completed until after the contract’s closing date, as in the snowstorm example above. Depending upon the repair, a lender may allow for the seller to place a specific amount of funds in escrow for what’s known as defect cure, which must be completed within a specified period of time.

These repairs could be expected or unexpected as the parties move through the homebuying process. Generally, the appraiser calls out the more obvious issues that hurt a home appraisal and may recommend further inspection by an expert for something noted in their report. If an appraiser requests an inspection, the lender’s underwriter may review the report and require some repairs.

Another example of a situation in which an escrow holdback could be a valuable tool: when a seller needs the proceeds from the sale of the home in order to comply with the repair request.

These are examples of how and when an escrow holdback could be warranted and beneficial. If you’ve never been through the homebuying process before and all this is making you a bit nervous, consult a first-time homebuyer’s guide for help.

Recommended: 31 Ways to Save for a Home

How Does the Escrow Holdback Process Work?

If you’re curious about how the escrow holdback process works, consider these points that spell out the process in more detail:

•   Normally, the first step is the buyer’s and seller’s agents negotiating any required repairs through an addendum to the purchase contract. This is drawn up by the real estate agents and signed by all parties.

•   The document will likely outline the repairs that the buyer (or lender) would like the seller to make, the timeframe for those repairs, and details about how and when the payments to the contractors are to be made.

•   This contract addendum is then sent to the escrow company (or the attorney) and to the lender, who will review the document. The underwriter of the loan will have the last say as to whether the escrow holdback is approved.

•   If it is approved, then the closing may proceed as initially planned. However, not all holdback requests will be approved. The lender may have conditions around the approval of an escrow holdback. These can include but are not limited to such requirements as improvements having to be completed within 180 days of the mortgage closing date.

   The lender may have conditions around the approval of an escrow holdback. These can include but are not limited to such requirements as improvements having to be completed within 180 days of the mortgage closing date.

•   The lender will likely establish an escrow completion account with the title company from the purchase proceeds. This is typically equal to 120% of the estimated cost for completing the improvements and more.

•   Once the repairs are completed, another inspection occurs to verify that the work has been satisfactorily finished. The escrow account can then release the funds.

It’s important to note that not all transactions qualify for an escrow holdback. The criteria can vary between lenders, property, and even type of transaction (sale of existing property or of a new construction home).

Recommended: What to Look for When Buying a House

What Qualifies for an Escrow Holdback?

Generally, lenders prefer that repairs take place prior to the closing, but exceptions can be made — such as when repairs must be delayed due to inclement weather.

This may limit escrow holdbacks to repairs that require some work on the outside of the home, such as repairs to a roof, yard, or plumbing accessed outdoors.

Here are some types of repairs that are factors that affect property value and residents’ safety and may qualify for an escrow holdback. These are probably already on your list of things to look for when buying a house:

•   Patio problems

•   Pest control

•   Roof repair

•   Septic tank issues

•   Sprinkler system problems

•   Yard cleanup

Again, there are no sure things or guarantees of how an escrow holdback will work. That’s because it is ultimately up to all of the involved parties to agree on the terms.

Beyond the weather causing a delay, lenders are often looking to determine whether the repairs present a risk to the property (their collateral) or present health and safety issues to the prospective occupants. As you might imagine, a lender generally won’t want to make a loan for a property that they believe could threaten the health or safety of its occupants.

Recommended: The 7 Steps to Buying a House

What if Your Situation Doesn’t Qualify for a Holdback?

Say you believe there is an issue that merits an escrow holdback, but the lender doesn’t approve it. Now what? There’s not much, unfortunately, that you can do in this situation. The most likely scenario is that the closing date will need to be pushed out to make time for any required repairs before loan closing.

As you pursue an escrow holdback, it might be helpful to understand that some lenders’ guidelines may not offer escrow holdbacks under any conditions.

This could be due to the fact that the follow-up involved in closing the holdback is too arduous. Or perhaps there are difficulties in getting the repairs completed within the specified period of time given. If lenders have been burned in any of these ways in the past, they may decide the process is too risky.

In the event that a lender refuses an escrow holdback agreement, you might have to delay your closing. If the lender also refuses to make a loan, you (the buyer) could be in a very tough spot. Even if you’re willing to pay for the cost of repairs in order to move forward with the lending process, this may not be in your best interest.
You do not yet own the property, and issues can arise from financing repairs to it.

It may be wise to get your real estate lawyer’s and real estate agent’s opinions about how to handle this kind of difficult situation. They can help you explore any options that exist.

The Takeaway

Escrow holdbacks can be a way to solve for needed repairs of a property you are interested in buying or have already begun to purchase. By keeping funds in this kind of account, the parties involved may be able to satisfactorily complete the work needed and pay for it in a clear and equitable way.

No matter your situation, you’ll likely want to work with a lender that can help you navigate the home-buying process. While you’re shopping for a mortgage, check out customer service reviews in addition to rates and terms.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Is a deposit different from a holdback?

A deposit and a holdback are not the same thing in real estate, although both may be held in escrow (which means they are held by a third party in the transaction). A deposit is money provided by the buyer early in the sale process to show the seller that they are interested in proceeding in good faith with the purchase of a property. A holdback is typically provided by the seller near the closing of the deal. In this case, funds are held back (in escrow) to pay for a repair to the property that needs to be done within a certain period of time after the closing.

What is a release of escrow holdback?

If funds have been withheld to pay for repairs, an inspection will be done to confirm the repairs are completed. At that point, if repairs are satisfactory, the escrow holder will release the funds to pay for the repair; any remaining funds are typically returned to the seller.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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Has this happened to you? You’re thinking about getting a personal loan but haven’t yet applied. Then you get a letter in the mail: “You’re preapproved or prequalified for a personal loan!” What does that mean?

Some lenders use “prequalified” interchangeably with “preapproved,” but they are different. Here, we’ll discuss preapproval vs. prequalification and how to know if you’re a good candidate for a personal loan.

What Does Being Prequalified for a Loan Mean?

Prequalification is sometimes considered the first step in the loan approval process. You can think of it as a less comprehensive version of a preapproval. Prequalification simply means that you fit the general description of a customer typically qualified for a loan.

Based on your general profile, the lender can give you an idea of the size of loan you can qualify for. While prequalification can be done fairly quickly, it does not involve a full analysis of your credit report or verification of the financial information you provide. Because of that, there’s no guarantee that your loan will be approved.

Recommended: What Is a Personal Loan?

What Does Loan Preapproval Mean?

Preapproval is a more in-depth stage of the personal loan approval process. A lender will have accessed your financial history to assess you as a potential customer. Being preapproved means that, based on the information accessed, you most likely will be approved for a loan.

Preapproval allows the lender to show you the size of the loan you might qualify for, and the interest rate and loan terms they’re willing to offer. It’s a step closer to final approval of your loan application. However, this doesn’t automatically translate to being fully approved. For example, a hard credit inquiry can pull in information previously unseen by the lender that was not considered at the preapproval stage.

Does Prequalification or Preapproval Affect Your Credit Score?

Lenders typically prequalify you on the basis of financial information that you provide and perhaps a soft inquiry into your credit history. Soft inquiries don’t affect your credit score, so it’s unlikely that prequalification will either.

Because the prequalification process varies by lender, however, it’s impossible to say for sure that prequalification won’t impact your credit. If it does, the impact will be small and temporary.

Preapprovals are more rigorous than prequalifications and closer to what you’ll experience when you actually apply for a loan. Preapprovals often involve a hard credit inquiry, which does impact your credit. But again, any effect will be minor.

Recommended: Should You Borrow Money During a Recession?

How Do I Know If I’m a Good Candidate for a Personal Loan?

A personal loan application considers your existing debt and your ability to repay the loan. Your current employment will factor into how well-suited you are to repay the loan, as will your credit score. In most cases, this means you need a good credit score to qualify for an unsecured personal loan at a low interest rate.

Lenders will also consider your “DTI” — the ratio of your income to existing debt — and what kind of monthly payments you can afford.

If you can’t otherwise qualify because of a poor credit score, consider asking a close friend or family member to cosign your personal loan. Adding a cosigner with a good credit score to your application can help you get a lower interest rate on your loan.

Will You Prequalify for a SoFi Personal Loan?

Some nontraditional lenders, like SoFi, look at other parts of a financial package when evaluating a candidate’s personal loan application.

SoFi considers additional factors such as your earning potential and cash flow after expenses. This means that even if you have a shorter credit history (because you just graduated college, for example) you may still qualify for a personal loan based on your education and career.

To find out if you qualify for a SoFi personal loan, first go through the online prequalification process. This requires you to create an account, and input your basic personal information, education, and employment history. It takes only a few minutes, after which SoFi will immediately show you which loan options you prequalify for.

After selecting a preliminary personal loan option, you’ll have to finalize your application by uploading documentation to verify your personal information. This may include pay stubs and bank statements. Once you’re approved, the loan is typically disbursed within a week.

The Takeaway

Wondering what it means to be prequalified vs. preapproved? You’re not alone. The terms may sound similar, but there are differences to be aware of.

Prequalification is often the first step of the loan application process, and it typically takes less time and requires fewer details from the borrower. Preapproval is the second step of the process. Here, you can see the size of the loan you could qualify for and the potential terms and interest rate. However, neither step is a guarantee that you’ll be approved for the loan.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPL-Q424-048