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Sometimes, life throws you a curveball. If you’re in college when that happens, you might find yourself dropping out of school. In some situations, you may have no other choice. At other times, you can weigh the pros and cons while deciding how to proceed.

What happens to student loans if you withdraw isn’t widely discussed. We’ll walk you through the consequences of dropping out when you’ve already incurred debt, and show you ways to pay off outstanding student loans.

Do I Have To Pay Back My Student Loans If I Drop Out of School?

Regulations dictate that if you leave college or drop below half-time enrollment, you have to start paying back your federal student loans. You may have a grace period (generally, six months) before your first payment is due. Even if payments aren’t due yet, interest may still accrue during the grace period, depending on the type of loans you have.

If you have private student loans, check with your lender to determine when you need to start paying back your loans.

If you’re currently still in school or left very recently before earning a degree, you may be able to request student loan exit counseling from your school, a service normally provided only to graduates. This can help you understand your options, including potential tuition reimbursement. Each school has a different refund policy.

What Happens If I Don’t Pay My Student Loans?

The consequences of late or “delinquent” payments vary by lender, but you can generally expect to be charged late fees each time you miss the due date. If a payment is late by 30 days or more, that information can be reported to the three credit bureaus—Experian, Equifax and TransUnion—which will negatively affect your credit score.

And if you stop paying your student loans for 270 days (about 9 months), your federal loans go from being delinquent to in default. When that happens, the balance is due in full, including accrued interest, collection agency fees, and any other fines, fees, and penalties. Student loans generally cannot be discharged during bankruptcy.

The government can go to great lengths to get their money back, including:

•   Garnishing your paycheck, up to 15% of wages after deductions

•   Withholding your tax refund

•   Going after co-signers for the amount due

•   Suing you in court for the outstanding amount, plus court fees and other expenses

Note on temporary exception: Following the reinstatement of student loan payments after a pause lasting more than three years, the Biden administration instituted a 12-month “on-ramp” period to ease the transition. From Oct. 1, 2023 to Sept. 30, 2024, the most financially vulnerable federal student loan borrowers are protected against the consequences of missing payments. During this period, missed payments will not lead to loans being considered delinquent or in default, will not be reported to the credit bureaus, and will not be referred to collections agencies.

However, once the on-ramp period is over, any missed payments will be due, and the normal rules surrounding student loan delinquency and default will be reinstated.

Private student loans generally go into default after 90 days (and don’t qualify for the on-ramp protections). Private lenders may also take you to a court or use collection agencies to recoup student loan debt. Defaulting can wreck your credit, making it challenging for you to obtain a mortgage loan, car loan, credit card, homeowners insurance, or new utilities.

💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

Way To Pay Off Student Loans If You Didn’t Finish School

Once you leave school, it’s a good idea to begin paying off your loans as quickly as you can, paying more than the minimum payment whenever possible. Before paying ahead, though, check to see if any of your student loans have a prepayment penalty. If so, paying early can cost you money.

Should you refinance your student loans? What about income-driven repayment programs? Below are the best options to help ease financial hardship and avoid default.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans reduce your monthly federal student loan payments based on your discretionary income and family size. They also extend the length of the repayment period up to 25 years. After that, any remaining loan balance is forgiven, though the canceled amount may be subject to income taxes.

The government offers four income-driven repayment plans:

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE): This plan replaces another IDR plan known as REPAYE. It cuts payments to just 5% to 10% of discretionary income, and forgives remaining debt as soon as 10 years into the plan, depending on your loan balance.

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE): This plan caps payments at 10% of discretionary income, but never pay more than you would on the Standard Repayment Plan. Forgiveness is awarded after 20 years of payments under this plan.

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR): For borrowers who took out their loans on or after July 1, 2014, monthly payments are capped at 10% of discretionary income and any remaining debt is forgiven after 20 years. Borrowers who took out their loans before this date have payments capped at 15% of income, and remaining debt is forgiven after 25 years. Again, payments are never more than they would be under the Standard Repayment Plan.

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR): Under this plan, payments are capped at the lesser of 20% of your discretionary income, or what you’d pay under a 12-year repayment plan. Remaining debt is forgiven after 25 years. This is the only IDR plan that Parent PLUS loans qualify for, though they must first be consolidated into a Direct loan.

Enrolling in an income-driven repayment plan won’t have a negative impact on your credit score or history. However, income-driven plans aren’t always the lowest monthly payment option. And even when monthly payments are lower, you will pay more interest over time (longer loan terms mean more interest payments).

Borrowers must recertify their income each year. If they fail to do so, they’ll be returned to the standard 10-year amortizing plan.

Going Half-Time

Students who are enrolled at least half-time in an eligible college or career program may qualify for an in-school deferment. This type of deferment is generally automatic. If you find the automatic in-school deferment doesn’t kick in, you can file an in-school deferment request form.

Recommended: Refinancing Student Loans with Bad Credit

Refinancing Student Loans

While you’re still able to make your student loan payments and your credit is still good, consider refinancing. You can combine multiple loans into one payment and choose the payback timeline that will give you the lowest monthly payment possible. You can check the interest rate and terms you qualify for by using SoFi’s student loan refinance calculator.

As your financial situation improves, you can make additional payments (as long as you refinance with a company that doesn’t charge a prepayment penalty) or refinance again with a new term that will accelerate payoff and allow you to pay less interest over the lifetime of the loan. You can learn all the ins and outs of that path with this handy student loan refinancing guide.

It’s important to note that by refinancing your federal student loans, you will not be able to access federal programs like income-driven repayment plans, Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), and government deferment or forbearance. If you don’t need any of those benefits, a lower student loan interest rate gained by refinancing could be worthwhile.

What To Do If You Can’t Afford Any Student Loan Payments

In many cases, the SAVE program is your best bet for reducing student loan payments, since it lowers payments to the smallest portion of income out of all the IDR plans.

However if you’re leaving school because of a temporary financial hardship—for example, you are undergoing cancer treatment or lost your job—you can also request a deferment or forbearance on your federal student loans to give yourself time to address the situation.

Although deferment or forbearance can give you short-term financial relief, these plans will increase the amount of interest you’ll pay on the loans overall, and can extend the length of the loans.

Student Loan Deferment

Student loan deferment allows eligible borrowers to temporarily reduce loan payments or pause them for up to three years, depending on the type of loan. In most cases, borrowers seeking a deferment will need to provide their loan servicer with documentation that supports their eligibility.

Deferments are typically broken down into qualifying categories:

•   Unemployment. Borrowers receiving unemployment benefits or who are actively seeking and unable to find full-time work may qualify. This deferment is good for up to three years.

•   Economic Hardship. Individuals receiving merit-tested benefits like welfare, who work full-time but earn less than 150% of the poverty guidelines for their state of residence and family size, or who are serving in the Peace Corps may qualify. This deferment may be awarded for up to three years.

•   Military Service. Members of the U.S. military who are serving active duty may qualify. After a period of active duty service, there is a grace period of 13 months, during which borrowers may also qualify for federal student loan deferment.

•   Cancer Treatment. Borrowers who are undergoing treatment for cancer may qualify. There is a grace period of six months following the end of treatment.

Student Loan Forbearance

There are two types of federal student loan forbearance: general and mandatory. Private lenders sometimes offer relief when you’re dealing with financial hardship, but they aren’t required to, so check your loan terms.

General forbearance is sometimes called discretionary forbearance. That means the servicer decides whether or not to grant your request. People can apply for general forbearance if they’re experiencing financial problems, medical expenses, or employment changes.

General forbearance is only available for certain student loan programs, and is granted for up to 12 months at a time. After the 12 months are up, you are able to reapply if you’re still experiencing difficulty.

Mandatory forbearance means your servicer is required to grant it under certain circumstances. The Federal Student Aid website has a full list of criteria for mandatory forbearance. Reasons include:

•   Medical residency or dental internship

•   Participating in AmeriCorps

•   Teachers who qualify for teacher student loan forgiveness

•   National Guard duty

•   Monthly student loan payments that are 20% or more of your gross income

Similar to general forbearance, mandatory forbearance is granted for up to 12 months at a time, and you can reapply after each 12-month period. You still have to pay interest on all types of federal loans while they’re in forbearance.

If you’re pursuing federal student loan forgiveness, any period of forbearance probably will not count toward your forgiveness requirements.

The Takeaway

Should you unexpectedly need to drop out of school, you’ll still be responsible for paying back your student loans. If you’re able to work, you may want to enroll in an income-driven repayment plan — though keep in mind that these programs don’t always offer the lowest monthly payment possible.

If you are unable to work, see if you’re eligible for student loan deferment or forbearance. Finally, if you have a strong credit history, refinancing your student loans may save you money on interest while lowering your monthly payment. Just be aware that refinancing federal loans means losing access to federal protections and PSLF loan forgiveness.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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Struggling to make your federal student loan payments? An income-based repayment plan may ease the burden. Previously, two of the primary income-based plans were Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE). But the former is no longer taking new enrollees, and the latter has been replaced by a new program — the SAVE Plan. In all cases, the plans adjust your monthly loan payments based on your income and family size. In this article we’ll look at how SAVE compares to the old REPAYE, as well as to the PAYE Program.

PAYE vs REPAYE: An Overview

The former PAYE and REPAYE federal student loan payment plans were similar, but differed in a few key areas. Both plans had income-based repayment terms generally set at 10% of a borrower’s discretionary income.

Some borrowers didn’t qualify for PAYE because the initial enrollment step required partial financial hardship as determined by your annual discretionary income and family size. You couldn’t enroll into PAYE if your federal student loan monthly payment would be lower under the Standard Repayment Plan. You also cannot enroll into PAYE after June 30, 2024; however, current PAYE enrollees can remain on the plan after that date.

The 2023 debt ceiling bill officially ended the three-year Covid-19 forbearance, requiring federal student loan interest accrual to resume on Sept. 1, 2023, and payments to resume in October 2023 under any federal student loan repayment plan.

Here are the key differences between the former PAYE and REPAYE plans:

•   PAYE required partial financial hardship to sign up for first-time enrollment

•   No new PAYE enrollees are being accepted, but borrowers already enrolled in PAYE can continue repaying under that plan after July 1, 2024

•   REPAYE did not require low-income, moderate-income, or partial financial hardship to enroll

•   REPAYE no longer exists as a federal student loan repayment plan

SAVE vs REPAYE

Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan is the federal income-driven repayment (IDR) plan that replaced REPAYE in July 2023. If you were enrolled on the REPAYE Plan at that time, you’ve been automatically enrolled into the SAVE Plan.

The SAVE Plan is essentially a major upgrade to the former REPAYE Plan, as shown in the table below:

SAVE vs PAYE

Both SAVE and PAYE are federal income-driven repayment plans not available to private student loan borrowers. New enrollments in PAYE ended in July 2024.

The below table highlights the key differences between SAVE and PAYE:

Depending on your original principal balance amount, student loan forgiveness on the SAVE Plan may occur after 10 to 25 years of monthly qualifying payments beginning in July 2024.

If you’re a federal student loan borrower working toward Public Service Loan Forgiveness, you may qualify for forgiveness of any remaining loan balance after 10 years of qualifying payments.

Recommended: Student Loan Forgiveness Programs


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? With SoFi’s no-fee loans, you could save thousands.

What Is the Interest Subsidy?

The SAVE Plan has a permanent interest subsidy, whereas the PAYE Plan offers a temporary interest subsidy to eligible borrowers.

If you’re on the SAVE Plan, 100% of your unpaid accrued interest is not charged if your monthly payment is less than the interest accruing. The effect of this permanent interest subsidy is that your loan balance won’t grow over time if your SAVE Plan monthly payment is less than the interest accruing.

Under the PAYE Plan, the U.S. Department of Education may provide an interest subsidy if your monthly payment is less than the interest accruing. This PAYE Plan interest subsidy is discontinued after the first three years of repayment and only applies to Direct Subsidized Loans and the subsidized portion of Direct Consolidation Loans.

Some borrowers on the PAYE Plan may see their loan balances grow over time. This can happen if you’re not covered by an interest subsidy when making a monthly payment that’s insufficient to pay the accrued interest. (Effective July 1, 2023, your unpaid accrued interest is not capitalized if you switch from PAYE to another repayment plan, fail to recertify your income, or no longer have a partial financial hardship.)

Recommended: Direct vs. Indirect Student Loans: What’s the Difference?

Answers to Common Questions

How do I apply for a federal IDR plan?

You only need to submit one application for any federal income-driven repayment plan and will need to supply financial information. It will take about 10 minutes. The Federal Student Aid Office also will recommend a repayment plan based on your input. Remember that private student loans are not eligible for federal IDR plans.

I want to apply for PAYE. How is partial financial hardship defined?

Unfortunately, there’s no option to apply for PAYE after July 1, 2024.

What if I’m in PAYE and no longer demonstrate hardship?

Your loan payments will stop being based on your income. Instead, your monthly payment will be based on the amount you would pay under the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan. Your maximum required payment in PAYE will never be higher than the 10-year standard payment amount.

What if I forget to recertify my income and family size?

If you’re on the SAVE Plan, failing to recertify your income and family size may switch you to an alternative repayment plan with a larger monthly payment.

If you’re on the PAYE Plan, failing to recertify by the annual deadline may give you a larger monthly payment resembling what you would pay under the Standard Repayment Plan.

Auto-recertification is available beginning in July 2024 if you agree to securely share your tax information with the U.S. Department of Education.

Does a Parent PLUS Loan qualify for SAVE?

No. Federal Parent PLUS Loans are not eligible for the SAVE plan.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Income-Driven Repayment Alternatives

One of the alternatives to federal income-driven repayment is student loan refinancing. You can refinance your student loans — private and federal — with a private lender and potentially qualify for a lower interest rate. (Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.)

The federal Direct Consolidation Loan program combines federal student loans into a single federal loan, but the interest rate is the weighted average of the original loans’ rates rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percentage point, which means the borrower usually does not save any money. Lengthening the loan term can decrease the monthly payment, but that means you may spend more on total interest.

Federal IDR plans like SAVE offer federal protections and benefits, such as access to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program. Any loans you refinance with a private lender will not be eligible for PSLF, Teacher Loan Forgiveness, or federal IDR plans. A student loan refinancing calculator can help you determine whether student loan refinancing is right for you.

💡 Quick Tip: When refinancing a student loan, you may shorten or extend the loan term. Shortening your loan term may result in higher monthly payments but significantly less total interest paid. A longer loan term typically results in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid.

The Takeaway

The SAVE Plan is generally the most affordable federal student loan repayment plan. It replaced the former REPAYE Plan and offers a permanent interest subsidy, among other perks that you couldn’t get with PAYE.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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While on the road to repayment, there will likely be instances when you need to know your student loan account number (like if you want to change repayment plans or refinance). But you probably haven’t committed this number to memory. In fact, you might not even know how to find it.

If you need your student loan account number but don’t know how to get it, don’t worry. Read on to learn what a student loan account number is, why you need it, and how to find it.

What Is a Student Loan Account Number?

Your student loan account number is a unique 10-digit number that is given to you by your student loan provider and is used for identifying your federal student loan.

Students can use their student loan account number to look up their payments and see how much of their balance is left. This number is also used to verify a student’s identity when they are using services offered by the loan provider, such as mobile banking or trying to obtain previous statements.

Some financial institutions and banks may ask you for your student loan account number before allowing you to borrow money or open a new credit card. You’ll also need to know this number if you are considering refinancing those loans.

In addition, your student loan account number is used for tax purposes in order to verify that the student loan on a tax return is yours.

Students with private loans won’t have a federal student loan identification number associated with those loans. Instead, you’ll need to contact the lender directly in order to get account information. This includes any private student loans that were originally federal ones but were refinanced into a private loan, since those balances would now show in government records as $0.00.


💡 Quick Tip: Enjoy no hidden fees and special member benefits when you refinance student loans with SoFi.

How to Find Your Student Loan Account Number

The easiest place to find your student loan account number is on the monthly student loan statements sent by your loan provider. You should be able to find it on the upper right or left corner near your name, or somewhere in that vicinity. You can also check your e-mail account if you’re receiving your statements by e-mail.

If you don’t have access to any of your monthly statements, you can log into the Federal Student Aid website using your FSA (Federal Student Aid) ID to see your loan details. This will allow you to see your student loan account number, along with additional information about your loans.

Don’t have an FSA ID? Not to worry.

More About the FSA ID

The FSA ID replaced the Federal Student PIN in 2015, so students who haven’t taken out new student loans or haven’t logged into the Federal Student Aid website since 2015 might not have an FSA ID yet.

Students who don’t have an FSA ID can create one by visiting the who don’t have an FSA ID can create one by visiting the . Once you sign up for an FSA ID, the federal government will verify your information with the Social Security Administration. Once your information is verified, you will be able to use your FSA ID to obtain information about your federal student loans.

The site, managed by the U.S. Department of Education, can provide a convenient way to get a full picture of all your federal loans, including:

•   How many federal student loans you have

•   Their loan types

•   The original balance on each loan

•   Current loan balances

•   Interest rates on loans

•   Whether any loans are in default

•   Loan service provider’s names

•   Contact information of the loan service providers

Recommended: How Much Do I Owe in Student Loans?

Identifying Lenders

Federal student loans aren’t directly administered by the government. While the government is the lender, these loans are managed by a variety of loan servicers that take on administrative tasks such as sending bills to borrowers, creating repayment plans, and consolidating loans.

It’s important to know which servicers are overseeing your loans so you know where to send payments and who to reach out to if you have questions or need to discuss an alternative payment plan.

The U.S. Department of Education assigns loan to these companies:

•   Edfinancial : 1-855-337-6884

•   MOHELA : 1-888-866-4352

•   Nelnet : 1-888-486-4722

•   Aidvantage : 1-800-722-1300

•   ECSI : 1-866-313-3797

•   Default Resolution Group : 1-800-621-3115

As mentioned, you can find information about which entities are servicing your federal loans when logged on to StudentAid.gov. Another way to confirm a loan servicer is to call the Federal Student Aid Information Center (FSAIC)  at 1-800-433-3243.

As far as private student loans go, the lender is typically a bank, online lender, or other financial institution. Contact information should be available on the bills and other information sent to you. This private student loans guide can give you more information about how these loans work.

If these documents have been misplaced, the private lender’s information can typically be found on your credit reports. You can request a free credit report from each of the three reporting agencies — Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion — by visiting AnnualCreditReport.com. Through the end of 2023, you can receive a free copy of your reports weekly.

Finally another way to track down your private student loan lenders is by contacting your college’s financial aid office.

Paying Back Student Loan Debt

With federal student loans, there are multiple payment plans available:

•   Standard repayment plan: This is the default repayment plan, which lasts 10 years. Borrowers will typically pay less interest over time on the standard plan versus other repayment plans. However, it may not be a good choice if you’re interested in getting your loans discharged through Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).

•   Graduated repayment plan: With this plan, payments start low and increase every two years. This can help students who don’t earn a lot now but expect their income to increase. However, you’ll pay more interest over time with this plan than if you stuck with the standard repayment plan.

•   Extended repayment plan: Payments can be made during a period of up to 25 years. This can help lower monthly payment amounts, but students will pay back more interest over the life of the loan than those who use the standard or graduated repayment plans.

•   Income-driven repayment plan (IDR): There are four different IDR plans, which cap student loan payments at a percentage of the borrower’s income. These plans can be a good choice for borrowers who are seeking loan forgiveness, but they will typically pay more interest overall than under the standard plan.

To pay off student loans more quickly, one option is to put extra money toward student loans each month through larger or additional payments. By paying more toward the principal balance, you won’t just pay off your loan faster. You’ll also reduce the total amount of interest paid over the life of the loan, saving you money in the long run. It’s a good idea to contact the lender or loan servicer to ensure that any extra payments are applied to the principal as intended.

Alternatively, you could pursue certain loan forgiveness programs, such as PSLF or Teacher Loan Forgiveness.

Recommended: 7 Tips to Lower Your Student Loan Payments

Refinancing Student Loans – Pros and Cons

Another option to consider is to refinancing student loans. There are pros and cons to that strategy you’ll want to consider.

Advantages of refinancing student loans include the following:

•   Loans can be combined into one single loan and payment, which can be easier to manage.

•   You may get a lower interest rate. If you have good credit and a solid income, you may qualify for a better rate, which could help reduce what you pay over the life of the loan. You can see what you might save by using a student loan refinancing calculator.

•   Some private lenders, including SoFi, will consolidate federal and private student loans and refinance them into one loan.

•   The term length can be adjusted. A longer repayment term can help to lower the monthly payment (though you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term), while a shorter one can help to reduce the total amount of interest paid back over the life of the loan.

Disadvantages of refinancing include:

•   Refinancing federal student loans with a private lender means that borrowers will lose access to benefits associated with federal student loans, including income-driven repayment options and loan forgiveness programs.

•   Other federal protections that will no longer apply, including deferment and forbearance, which allow payments to be temporarily reduced or paused.

•   Most federal student loans have a six-month grace period, during which you don’t have to make any loan payments. If you refinance your loan soon after graduation, you might lose out on that benefit if your private lender doesn’t offer a grace period.

The Takeaway

It’s important to know your student loan account number, which can be found on your federal loan statements or online.

This 10-digit number can be used to access loan information, use other lender services and apps, and help you figure out a payment plan.

You may also need your student loan account number when applying for a credit card or other loan, and if you decide to refinance your student loan.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

In 2023, more than 43 million Americans collectively have over $1.76 trillion in student loan debt. If you are one of the millions with some form of student debt, you may have considered student loan consolidation, which allows you to combine all of your student loans into one loan with one monthly payment.

Simplifying the student loan repayment process might seem like a good idea, but there are a few things to consider before you consolidate your loans. In some cases, consolidating your loans may disqualify you from certain federal student loan repayment programs and forgiveness. But other times, consolidation can allow you to lower your interest rates or shorten the amount of time it takes you to pay off your loan.

Ahead, we review how student loan consolidation works and the pros and cons of the process.

Student Loan Consolidation Explained

Student loan consolidation is designed to combine some or all of your student loans and make repayment more manageable. There are both federal and private options when it comes to consolidating your student loans.

Private Student Loan Consolidation

Private student loan consolidation is when a lender pays off all or some of your student loan debt and creates a new loan, which you will then make payments on. This process is also known as student loan refinancing. If you consolidate or refinance through a private lender, the new loan will ideally have a lower interest rate and better terms than your previous student loans.

With a private lender, you can consolidate both federal and private loans. But if you refinance your federal loans with a private lender you will you lose access to federal student loan forgiveness programs, such as income-driven repayment plans. If you plan on using one of these programs now or at some point in the future, it’s best to hold off on consolidating federal loans through a private lender.

Federal Student Loan Consolidation

If you are hoping to consolidate federal loans only and want to keep access to federal forgiveness programs, you can consolidate with a Direct Consolidation Loan through the U.S. Department of Education.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Consolidating through the federal student loan system doesn’t usually save you money; it simply combines multiple loans into one. Your new interest rate is a weighted average of all your loans’ interest rates, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percentage point. Any unpaid interest on the loans you’re consolidating will be capitalized — that is, added to the principal of the new loan. There are no application fees for Direct Consolidation Loans, and the loans remain federal loans.

Consolidation may be particularly useful for borrowers who are pursuing federal student loan forgiveness or who are enrolled in one of the more flexible federal student loan repayment plans, such as an income-driven repayment plan.

You can also choose to just refinance your private loans and not consolidate both private and federal into a new private loan. If you go this route, you may be able to get the benefits of refinancing (lower interest rates, better terms) without losing the perks of having federal loans.

Before you consolidate or refinance your loans, you should consider the pros and cons of the process. Getting clarity on whether consolidation is right for you will help you make the right decision for your financial needs.


💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

Benefits of Consolidating Student Loans

There are a few reasons to consider student loan consolidation either with a Direct Consolidation Loan or refinancing through a private lender.

Simplified Repayment

Whether you choose a Direct Consolidation Loan or choose to refinance through a private lender, your loan repayment may be simplified. Managing multiple student loan payments may increase your chances of missing a payment. If you miss even one payment, you may risk damaging your credit score. Late payments may also stay on your credit profile for up to seven years.

Consolidating multiple loans into one may help eliminate some of the stress of juggling multiple loan payments and may make repayment more manageable.

Fixed Interest Rate

When you refinance your loans through a private lender, your interest rate and terms will be based on your credit score, payment history, type of loan you’re seeking, and other financial factors. While requirements may vary by lender, applicants who meet or exceed the lender’s criteria may qualify for better interest rates and terms, thus saving money over the life of the loan. Borrowers can also switch from a variable to a fixed interest rate when refinancing through a private lender.

With federal Direct Loan Consolidation, as mentioned earlier, a borrower’s interest rate is a weighted average of current loan rates rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percentage point, which means this doesn’t typically result in savings for the borrower. The borrower does, however, keep their access to federal loan forgiveness programs.

Flexible Loan Terms

Student loan consolidation may allow you to change the duration of your loan. If you currently have a 10-year repayment plan, for example, when you consolidate or refinance, you may choose to shorten or lengthen the term of your loan. Typically, lengthening the term of your loan will reduce your monthly student loan payment but add up to more total interest in the long run.

Drawbacks of Student Loan Consolidation

Even though there are benefits of student loan consolidation, there are also drawbacks. Here are a few considerations to be aware of before consolidating student loans.

You Can’t Lower Interest Rates on Federal Student Loans When Consolidating

If you choose the Direct Consolidation Loan, generally you won’t see any savings. Because your new interest rate is a weighted average of your current loans rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percentage point, you will probably pay around the same amount you would have paid if you didn’t consolidate. Further, any unpaid interest on the loan you’re consolidating will be capitalized — that is added to the loan principal.

If you extend your term, you may see your monthly payment decrease, but your total interest payments will increase.

On the other hand, if borrowers choose to refinance with a private lender, they may qualify for a lower interest rate, thus saving money over the term of the loan. They could also opt for lower monthly payments by extending their loan term. But as mentioned above, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Possible Disqualification from Federal Repayment Programs

Refinancing federal student loans with a private lender disqualifies you from federal repayment programs, including the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF) and income-driven repayment plans.

Borrowers will also be disqualified from federal benefits such as forbearance and deferment options, which allow qualifying borrowers to pause payments in the event of financial hardship.

Some private lenders may have hardship programs in place, but policies are determined by individual lenders.

Private Lenders May Charge Refinancing Fees

While there is no application fee for the federal Direct Consolidation Loan, private lenders may charge a fee to refinance loans. Fees associated with refinancing student loans are determined by the lender.


💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing could be a great choice for working graduates who have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans.

Refinancing vs Consolidation

Consolidating or refinancing student loans are terms that are thrown around interchangeably, but they actually apply to two different types of loans. A federal student loan consolidation is when you combine federal loans through a Direct Consolidation Loan. This is done by the U.S. Department of Education only. A student loan refinance, on the other hand, allows you to combine private and/or federal loans into one new loan and is done by a private lender; while this does effectively “consolidate” your loans, it’s different in some key ways from federal student loan consolidation. Below are some differences and similarities between refinancing and consolidating student loans.

Key Takeaways

Understanding the benefits and drawbacks of student loan consolidation — as well as the difference between federal student loan consolidation and private refinancing — can help you make an informed decision about repaying student loans.

If you decide to consolidate your loans via private student loan consolidation, you might want to consider evaluating a few options from different lenders, because requirements — as well as interest rates and loan terms — can vary from lender to lender.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

Can your student loans still be forgiven if you consolidate them?

Possibly. If you consolidate your federal student loans with a Direct Loan Consolidation, you are still eligible for federal loan forgiveness programs. However, if you choose to consolidate your loans through a private lender, which is also known as refinancing, you will no longer be eligible for forgiveness programs and other federal student loan benefits.

When is consolidating student loans worth it?

Consolidating student loans is worth it if you’re looking to combine multiple student loan payments into one, or you’re looking to lower your interest rate. You can use a Direct Consolidation Loan for your federal loans and keep your access to federal benefits like income-based repayment programs or forgiveness. Another option is to refinance through a private lender, which may give you a lower interest rate and lower monthly payment, but you do lose access to federal loan benefits like forgiveness and income-driven repayment plans.

What are some advantages of consolidating student loans?

The biggest advantage of consolidating your student loans is that you combine them into one loan so you only have one payment every month. This makes it easier to track your loans. If you choose to refinance your loans with a private lender, you may also receive a lower interest rate, which can help you save money. But if you refinance federal loans with a private lender, you lose access to federal programs like forgiveness and forbearance. While people use the terms “consolidation” and “refinance” interchangeably, they are not the same thing.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

Staying on top of student loan repayments is an important part of your overall financial health. If you’re concerned about making payments on time, or if you’re just reevaluating your budget, you may be wondering how to lower student loan payments.

Many borrowers may be eligible for options that can lower their student loan payments, from changing your repayment term (which may result in paying more interest over the life of the loan) to signing up for an income-driven repayment plan. Here are some tips you might want to consider if you’re looking to lower your loan repayment costs.

Can I Lower My Student Loan Payments?

While there’s no magic wand that can wipe away your student loans, there are some ways you may be able to lower your monthly payments. The Department of Education offers two income-driven repayment (IDR) plans. With an IDR plan, the amount you pay will be determined by your income, the size of your family, and where you live, and it won’t be more than 10% of your discretionary income.

You may also have the option to refinance your loans at a lower interest rate or with a longer loan term, both which may lower your monthly payments. (Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.) There are many factors to consider before refinancing, but if you’re struggling with your monthly payments, it’s worth doing the research to see if it works for you.

Understanding Your Current Student Loan Payments

Before you can determine if you can lower your student loan payments, it’s important to know the type of loans you have since this can affect your repayment options.

If you have federal student loans from the U.S. Department of Education, you may be able to apply for federal plans that can help lower your monthly student loan payments. You can find all of your federal student loans and the individual loan servicers, by logging into My Federal Student Aid . If you have private student loans from a bank or another financial institution, there are fewer options available to lower your monthly payments.

Federal loans are placed by default in the Standard Repayment Plan, which sets your monthly payments at a static amount so you will have your loans paid off in 10 years, if not less. Some private loans also follow the 10-year repayment timeline, but it varies depending on your lender.

The next step is to assess how much debt you have in total. By calculating what you owe, you can get a better understanding of your current repayment plan and whether you want to consider changing it.

Once you have all of your loan information, you can use a student loan payoff calculator or contact your servicer to find your current payoff dates for your student loans. The calculator can also help you determine which repayment plans you qualify for. Keep in mind that if you change to a longer term to lower monthly student loan payments, you’ll need to take more time to pay off your loans, and you may end up paying more over the life of the loan, since interest will continue to accumulate.

If you only need temporary relief, consider contacting your loan servicer to see if you are eligible for student loan deferment or forbearance. Both options let borrowers temporarily pause or lower loan payments for reasons such as unemployment or being enrolled as a student. Depending on the type of loan you have, interest may still accrue during this time.

Recommended: What Student Loan Repayment Plan Should You Choose? Take the Quiz

How to Lower Student Loan Payments

1. Sign up for Automatic Payments to Stay on Time

Some student loan servicers offer incentives if you elect to make automatic payments, such as a 0.25 percent interest rate reduction. Auto payments can also help you incorporate your student loan payments into your budget as a fixed expense that must be accounted for every month. On-time payments may also help your overall credit score.

2. Contact Your Loan Servicer About Your Repayment Plan

If you’re interested in changing federal repayment plans to help lower student loan payments, contact your loan servicer to learn more about your options.

One option is the Graduated Repayment Plan, which can keep your payment timeline to 10 years (depending on how much you owe), but starts out with lower payments and then increases the payment amount over time (usually every two years).

If you have more than $30,000 in eligible outstanding student debt on most loans, you can also ask about the Extended Repayment Plan, which extends your loan repayment timeline to 25 years.


💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

3. Apply for Income-Driven Repayment for Federal Loans

Most federal student loans are eligible for at least one income-driven repayment plan. If you’re on an income-driven repayment plan, and you need to defer your loans because of economic hardship or if you make so little you qualify to pay nothing toward your loans each month, the months when you’re in deferment or paying $0 still count toward your total repayment period.

On an IDR plan, how much you owe each month is based on your discretionary income, which the federal government defines as “the difference between your annual income and 150% of the poverty guideline for your family size and state of residence.” You can use the Department of Education’s Loan Simulator to get a better sense of how much you would owe with one of these plans and how long it will take you to pay them off.

Both IDR options offer loan forgiveness after borrowers make consistent payments for a certain number of years, ranging from 10 to 25, depending on the type of program you qualify for. You may have to pay income tax on the amount that’s forgiven, though there’s a temporary tax rule that exempts any forgiven debt from federal income taxes through 2025.

Here are the two IDR plans currently accepting new federal borrowers:

•   Income-Based: Payments are generally 10% or 15% of your discretionary income, depending on when you first received your student loans. Any outstanding balance is forgiven after 20 or 25 years, but you may have to pay income tax on the amount that’s forgiven. You must have a high federal student loan debt relative to your income to qualify.

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE): The SAVE Plan is the new name of the Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE) Repayment Plan. Payments are generally 5% of your discretionary income. Outstanding balances may be forgiven after 20 to 25 years, depending on whether the loans were for undergraduate or graduate study. There is no income requirement to qualify for the SAVE plan, and it’s available to all Direct Loan borrowers with eligible loan types.

These plans require borrowers to reapply every year. If you are employed by certain government agencies or a qualifying not-for-profit and are seeking Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) , you must repay your student loans under one of these income-driven repayment plans (there are other qualifying factors, too). Keep in mind, it’s always free to apply for these federal student loan assistance programs, and they are the easiest and best way to lower your monthly federal loan payments if you qualify.

4. Learn About Loan Repayment Assistance Programs

If you’re eligible, a Loan Repayment Assistance Program (LRAP) can provide funds to help you lower student loan payments. Since private loans are not eligible for the federal income-based repayment plans mentioned above, an LRAP could be helpful for those with private student loans.

LRAPs also often include a requirement that you work in your eligible job for a certain number of years, typically in public service — and the assistance may or may not count as taxable income. If your income after graduation is modest, an LRAP can help to repay loans, whether federal, private, or parent PLUS.

You may want to investigate limitations such as which of your loans are eligible and income caps. You can also research private grants that can help cover the cost of your student loans and lower loan payments after graduation.

5. Refinance Your Student Loans with a Private Lender

Refinancing is an option that may be most helpful if you have student loans with high interest rates or private student loans.

When you refinance a student loan, a lender pays off your existing loans and gives you a new loan with new terms. So you will have one private refinanced loan to pay back.

Refinancing could save you money in the long run if you get a lower interest rate, or you could change your term to get more time to pay off your loan and lower the cost of your monthly student loan payments (though you may pay more in interest in the long run).

Keep in mind, however, that if you refinance a federal student loan, you’ll lose access to federal benefits and protections, such as income-driven repayment plans or Public Service Loan Forgiveness.

You can choose to refinance just your private loans while putting your federal loans into an income-based repayment plan to get the best of all options.

What Happens if You Can’t Pay Your Student Loans

With most federal student loans, if you don’t make a payment in more than 270 days, you’ll default on the loan. Private loans are often placed in default as soon as after 90 days.

Defaulting can impact your credit score, and have other negative consequences, including losing eligibility for deferment, forbearance, and other valuable repayment options. Another consequence of default is loan acceleration, when the unpaid balance on your loan immediately comes due.

With the end of the student loan pause, the Department of Education is giving those whose loans are in default a chance at getting back on track with the Fresh Start program. Borrowers in default must apply for the Fresh Start program and then enroll in an income-based repayment plan. Their loans will be removed from “defaulted status” and the record of the default will be removed from their credit report.

Refinancing Student Loans With SoFi

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

Can you negotiate student loans down?

You generally can’t negotiate student loans unless you’ve stopped making payments and your loans are delinquent or in default, a situation which has serious financial consequences, such as potentially damaging your credit score or having your wages garnished. There are other options to lower student loan payments, however. If you only need temporary relief, you can contact your loan servicer to see if you’re eligible for deferment or forbearance. If you have federal loans, you may be able to change your loan term or enroll in an income-driven repayment plan. Borrowers with private loans can explore refinancing student loans with a private lender.

How do I negotiate student loan payoff?

If your student loans are delinquent or in default, you may be able to negotiate a settlement for a lower amount, but this is generally seen as a last resort because of the negative financial consequences. Contact your lender to see what other options may be available to you.

What is average student loan debt?

The average student borrower has $37,338 in student loans to pay off, according to The Education Data Initiative.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.