Mar
11
2025
Are Mutual Funds Good for Retirement?

Are Mutual Funds Good for Retirement?

By | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Are Mutual Funds Good for Retirement?

Mutual funds are one option investors may consider when building a retirement portfolio. A mutual fund represents a pooled investment that can hold a variety of different securities, including stocks and bonds. There are different types of mutual funds investors may choose from, including index funds, target date funds, and income funds.

But how do mutual funds work? Are mutual funds good for retirement or are there drawbacks to investing in them? What should be considered when choosing retirement mutual funds?

Those are important questions to ask when determining the best ways to build wealth for the long term. Here’s what you need to know about mutual funds and retirement.

Key Points

•   Mutual funds offer exposure to a wide range of asset classes, and thus may fit well in a retirement portfolio.

•   Approximately 53.7% of U.S. households owned mutual funds in 2024, according to industry research.

•   Target-date funds adjust their asset allocation as retirement approaches, offering a tailored solution.

•   Income funds focus on generating steady income, and may be suitable for retirement needs.

•   Potential drawbacks of mutual funds include high fees, portfolio overweighting, and tax inefficiency.

Understanding Mutual Funds

A mutual fund pools money from multiple investors, then uses those funds to invest in a number of different securities. Mutual funds can hold stocks, bonds, and other types of securities.

How a mutual fund is categorized depends largely on what the fund invests in and what type of investment strategy it follows. For example, index funds follow a passive investment strategy, as these funds mirror the performance of a stock market benchmark. So a fund that tracks the S&P 500 index would attempt to replicate the returns of the companies included in that index.

Target-date funds utilize a different strategy. These funds automatically adjust their asset allocation based on a target retirement date. So a 2050 target-date fund, for example, is designed to shift more of its asset allocation toward bonds or fixed-income and away from stocks as the year 2050 approaches.

How Mutual Funds Work

Mutual funds allow investors to purchase shares in the fund. Buying shares makes them part-owner of the fund and its underlying assets. As such, investors have the right to share in the profits of the fund. So if a mutual fund owns dividend-paying stocks, for example, any dividends received would be passed along to the fund’s investors.

•   Understanding dividend payments. Depending on how the fund is structured or what the brokerage selling the fund offers, investors may be able to receive any dividends or interest as cash payments or they may be able to reinvest them. With a dividend reinvestment plan or DRIP, investors can use dividends to purchase additional shares of stock, often bypassing brokerage commission fees in the process.

•   Understanding fund fees. Investors pay an expense ratio to invest in mutual funds. This reflects the annual cost of owning the fund, expressed as a percentage. Passively managed mutual funds tend to have lower expense ratios.

   Actively managed funds, on the other hand, tend to be more expensive, but the idea is that higher fees may seem justified if the fund produces above-average returns.

It’s also important to know that mutual funds are priced and traded just once a day, after the market closes. This is different from exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, for example, which are similar to mutual funds in many ways, but trade on an exchange just like stocks, and typically require a lower initial investment than a mutual fund.

Investors interested in opening an investment account can learn more about how a particular mutual fund works, what it invests in, and the fees involved by reading the fund’s prospectus.

Types of Mutual Funds for Retirement

There are some mutual funds designed for people who are saving for retirement. These funds typically combine portfolio diversification, often with a greater emphasis on bonds and fixed income, and the potential for moderate gains.

For instance, retirement income funds (RIFs) are intended to be more conservative with moderate growth. RIFs may be mutual funds, ETFs, or annuities, among other products.

Target-rate funds, as mentioned, adjust their asset allocation based on an investor’s intended retirement date, and get more conservative as that date approaches. This automated strategy may help some retirement savers who are less experienced at managing their portfolios over time.

Recommended: What is Full Retirement Age for Social Security?

Mutual Funds for Retirement Planning

Mutual funds are arguably one of the most popular investment options for retirement planning. According to the Investment Company Institute, 53.7% of U.S. households totaling approximately 121.6 million individual investors owned mutual funds in 2024. Fifty-three percent of individuals who own mutual funds are ages 35 to 64 — in other words, those who may be planning for retirement — the research found.

There are also many investors living in retirement who own mutual funds. According to the Investment Company Institute, 58% of households aged 65 or older owned mutual funds in 2024.

So are mutual funds good for retirement? Here are some of the pros and cons to consider.

Pros of Using Mutual Funds for Retirement

Investing in mutual funds for retirement planning could be attractive for investors who want:

•   Convenience

•   Basic diversification

•   Professional management

•   Reinvestment of dividends

Investing in a mutual fund can offer exposure to a wide range of securities, which could help with diversifying a portfolio. And it may be easier and less costly to purchase a single fund that holds hundreds of stocks than to purchase individual shares in each of those companies.

The majority of mutual funds are actively managed (and sometimes called active funds). Actively managed mutual funds are professionally managed, so investors can rely on the fund manager’s expertise and knowledge. And if the fund includes dividend reinvestment, investors can increase their holdings automatically which can potentially add to the portfolio’s growth.

Cons of Using Mutual Funds for Retirement

While there are some advantages to using mutual funds for retirement planning, there are also some possible disadvantages, including:

•   Potential for high fees

•   Overweighting risk

•   Under-performance

•   Tax inefficiency

As mentioned, mutual funds carry expense ratios. While some index funds may charge as little as 0.05% in fees, there are some actively managed funds with expense ratios well above 1%. If those higher fees are not being offset by higher than expected returns (which is never a guarantee), the fund may not be worth it. Likewise, buying and selling mutual fund shares could get expensive if your brokerage charges steep trading fees.

While mutual funds generally make it easier to diversify, there’s the risk of overweighting one’s portfolio — owning the same holdings across different funds. For example, if you’re invested in five mutual funds that hold the same stock and the stock tanks, that could drag down your portfolio.

Something else to keep in mind is that an actively managed mutual fund is typically only as good as the fund manager behind it. Even the best fund managers don’t always get it right. So it’s possible that a fund’s returns may not live up to your expectations.

You may also have to contend with unexpected tax liability at the end of the year if the fund sells securities at a gain. Just like other investments, mutual funds are subject to capital gains tax. Whether you pay short- or long-term capital gains tax rates depends on how long you held a fund before selling it.

If you hold mutual funds in a tax-advantaged retirement account, then capital gains tax doesn’t enter the picture for qualified withdrawals

Pros of Mutual Funds

 Cons of Mutual Funds

•   Mutual funds offer convenience for investors

•   It may be easier and more cost-effective to diversify using mutual funds vs. individual securities

•   Investors benefit from the fund manager’s experience and knowledge

•   Dividend reinvestment may make it easier to build wealth

•   Some mutual funds may carry higher expense ratios than others

•   Overweighting can occur if investors own multiple funds with the same underlying assets

•   Fund performance may not always live up to the investor’s expectations

•   Income distributions may result in unexpected tax liability for investors

Investing in Mutual Funds for Retirement Planning

The steps to invest in mutual funds for retirement are simple and straightforward.

1.    Start with an online brokerage account, individual retirement account (IRA) such as a traditional IRA, or a 401(k). You can also buy a mutual fund directly from the company that created it, but a brokerage account or retirement account is usually the easier way to go.

2.    Set your budget. Decide how much money you can afford to invest in mutual funds. Keep in mind that the minimum investment can vary for different funds. One fund may allow you to invest with as little as $100 while another might require $1,000 to $3,000 or even more to get started. In some cases, setting up automatic contributions may lower the required minimum.

3.    Choose funds. If you already have a brokerage account or an IRA like a SEP IRA, this may simply mean logging in, navigating to the section designated for buying funds, selecting the fund or funds and entering in the amount you want to invest.

4.    Submit your order. You may be asked to consent to electronic delivery of the fund’s prospectus when you place your order. If your brokerage charges a fee to purchase mutual funds, that amount will likely be added to the order total. Once you submit your order to purchase mutual funds, it may take a few business days to process.

Tips for Selecting Retirement-Ready Mutual Funds

If you’re considering investing in mutual funds for retirement, here are some strategies to keep in mind.

•   Determine your risk tolerance and retirement goals. As discussed previously, the closer you are to retirement, the more conservative you may want to be. For example, you might want to consider target-date or bond funds.

•   Analyze the fund’s performance. You can look for funds that have a history of consistent returns for the past three, five, and 10 years.

•   Check out expense ratios. If a mutual fund’s fees are high, you may want to consider other funds instead.

•   Evaluate the possible tax implications. Mutual funds are subject to capital gains tax, as mentioned. Index funds may be more tax efficient. You can read more about this below.

Determining If Mutual Funds Are Right for You

Whether it makes sense to invest in mutual funds for retirement can depend on your time horizon, risk tolerance, and overall investment goals. If you’re leaning toward mutual funds for retirement planning, here are a few things to consider.

Investment Strategy

When comparing mutual funds, it’s important to understand the overall strategy the fund follows. Whether a fund is actively or passively managed may influence the level of returns generated. The fund’s investment strategy may also determine what level of risk investors are exposed to.

For example, index funds are designed to mirror the market. Growth funds, on the other hand, typically have a goal of beating the market. Between the two, growth funds may produce higher returns — but they may also entail more risk for the investor and carry higher expense ratios.

Choosing funds that align with your preferred strategy, risk tolerance, and goals matters. Otherwise, you may be disappointed by your returns or be exposed to more risk than you’re comfortable with.

Cost

Cost is an important consideration when choosing mutual funds for one reason: Higher expense ratios can eat away more of your returns.

When comparing mutual fund expense ratios, it’s important to look at the amount you’ll pay to own the fund each year. But it’s also important to consider what kind of returns the fund has produced historically. A low-fee fund may look like a bargain, but if it generates low returns then the cost savings may not be worth much.

It’s possible, however, to find plenty of low-cost index funds that produce solid returns year over year. Likewise, you shouldn’t assume that a fund with a higher expense ratio is guaranteed to outperform a less expensive one.

Fund Holdings

It’s critical to look under the hood, so to speak, to understand what a particular mutual fund owns and how often those assets turn over. This can help you to avoid overweighting your portfolio toward any one stock or sector.

Reading through the prospectus or looking up a stock’s profile online can help you to understand:

•   What individual securities a mutual fund owns

•   Asset allocation for each security in the fund

•   How often securities are bought and sold

If you’re interested in tech stocks, for example, you may want to avoid buying two funds that each have 10% of assets tied up in the same company. Or you may want to choose a fund that has a lower turnover rate to minimize your capital gains tax liability for the year.

Tax Efficiency of Mutual Funds in Retirement

As mentioned, when held in a taxable account mutual funds are subject to capital gains tax. Dividend income from mutual funds is also taxed. When mutual funds are held in a tax-advantaged retirement account, investors need to consider the tax treatment of those accounts rather than capital gains.

With actively managed mutual funds, fund managers typically need to constantly rebalance the fund by
selling securities to reallocate assets, among other things. Those sales may create capital gains for investors. While mutual fund managers usually use tax mitigation strategies to help diminish annual capital gains, this is a factor for investors to consider.

Index funds tend to have less turnover of assets than actively managed funds and thus may generally be more tax efficient.

Managing Risk with Mutual Funds in a Retirement Portfolio

Generally speaking, mutual funds offer diversification and less risk compared to some other investments. That’s why they are often part of a retirement portfolio. However, it’s important to remember risk is inherent in investing whether you’re investing in mutual funds or another asset class.

Investors can select mutual funds that align with their risk tolerance, financial goals, and the amount of time they have before retirement (the time horizon). A younger investor may choose funds that potentially offer higher growth but also have higher risk like stock funds. Those closer to retirement age may opt for more conservative options, such as bond funds, and they might want to consider target rate funds that automatically adjust their asset allocation to be in sync with an investor’s retirement date.

Performance of Mutual Funds Compared to Other Retirement Investments

When considering mutual funds, it’s important to look at a fund’s performance over time. Not all funds hit their benchmarks or deliver consistent returns over the long term.

In 2024, according to Morningstar, of the nearly 3,900 actively managed equity funds tracked, only 13.2% beat the S&P 500 SPX index. The average gain was 13.5% compared to the 25% return of the S&P 500.

Historically, index funds have generally performed better overall than actively managed funds.

Other Types of Funds for Retirement

Mutual funds, and target date funds in particular, are one of the ways to save for retirement. But there are other options you might consider. Here’s a brief rundown of other types of funds that can be used for retirement planning.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

A real estate investment trust isn’t a mutual fund. But it is a pooled investment that allows multiple investors to own a share in real estate. REITs pay out 90% of their income to investors as dividends.

An investor might consider a REIT, which is considered a type of alternative investment, if they’d like to reap the potential benefits of real estate investing without actually owning property.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)

Exchange-traded funds are another retirement savings option. Investing in ETFs — for instance, through a Roth or traditional IRA — may offer more flexibility compared to mutual funds. They may carry lower expense ratios than traditional funds and be more tax-efficient if they follow a passive investment strategy.

Income Funds

An income fund is a specific type of mutual fund that focuses on generating income for investors. This income can take the form of interest or dividend payments. Income funds could be an attractive option for retirement planning if an individual is interested in creating multiple income streams or reinvesting dividends until they’re ready to retire.

Bond Funds

Bond funds focus exclusively on bond holdings. The type of bonds the fund holds can depend on its objective or strategy. For example, you may find bond funds or bond ETFs that only hold corporate bonds or municipal bonds, while others offer a mix of different bond types. Bond funds could potentially help round out the fixed-income portion of your retirement portfolio.

IPO ETFs

An initial public offering or IPO represents the first time a company makes its shares available for trade on a public exchange. Investors can invest in multiple IPOs through an ETF. IPO ETFs invest in companies that have recently gone public so they offer an opportunity to get in on the ground floor. However, IPO ETFs are relatively risky and are generally more suitable for experienced investors.

The Takeaway

Mutual funds can be part of a diversified retirement planning strategy. Regardless of whether you choose to invest in mutual funds, ETFs or something else, the key is to start saving for your pos-work years sooner rather than later. Time can be one of your most valuable resources when investing for retirement.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

Are mutual funds safer than individual stocks for retirement?

Generally speaking, mutual funds tend to carry less risk than individual stocks for retirement. Mutual funds provide diversification by investing in a mix of stocks, bonds, and other assets, which may help reduce overall risk. Individual stocks, on the other hand, depend on the performance of one company, which makes them riskier.

What percentage of my retirement portfolio should be in mutual funds?

There is no one single approach to asset allocation. The percentage of your portfolio that’s in mutual funds depends on your individual goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon. Younger investors with retirement far in the future may want to consider a more aggressive strategy that’s heavier on stocks, with more possibility for growth, but also involves more risk. Conversely, an investor near retirement age will likely want to be more conservative, and they might choose less risky options such as fixed income and bond funds.

How often should I review my mutual fund holdings?

There is no fixed rule for how often to review mutual fund holdings. Some investors may prefer biannual or annual reviews, while others might feel more comfortable with quarterly reviews. Reviewing a portfolio can help you monitor mutual fund performance, track your returns, and manage risk, so choose the schedule you are most comfortable with.

Can mutual funds provide steady income in retirement?

Certain types of mutual funds, such as retirement income funds (RIFs), are designed to provide a steady source of income in retirement. Ideally, an investor may want to have a mix of stocks, bonds, and cash investments that provide streams of income and growth in retirement and help preserve their money.

What are the tax implications of mutual fund investments in retirement?

Mutual funds are subject to capital gains tax when held in a taxable account. Actively managed funds must report capital gains every time a share is sold or purchased and may result in more capital gains tax. Index funds tend to have less turnover of assets and are generally more tax efficient. However, you may wish to consult a tax professional about your specific situation.

Photo credit: iStock/kali9

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Mutual Funds (MFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or clicking the prospectus link on the fund's respective page at sofi.com. You may also contact customer service at: 1.855.456.7634. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.Mutual Funds must be bought and sold at NAV (Net Asset Value); unless otherwise noted in the prospectus, trades are only done once per day after the markets close. Investment returns are subject to risk, include the risk of loss. Shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of a mutual fund will not protect against loss. A mutual fund may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.


Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at https://sofi.app.link/investchat. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN-Q125-056

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Mar
04
2025
What Are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options? Pros & Cons

What Are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options? How Do They Work?

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off on What Are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options? How Do They Work?

Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

Over-the-counter (OTC) options are a type of customized derivative not listed on public exchanges. That means they are typically not available for purchase through standard brokerage accounts.

Instead, investors trade OTC contracts directly, between the buyer and the seller, without using a third-party platform.

Key Points

•   Over-the-counter (OTC) options are privately traded options that allow for customized terms, unlike public exchange-traded options.

•   The primary advantage of OTC options is their ability to be tailored to meet specific goals and needs of the parties involved.

•   A significant disadvantage of OTC options is their illiquidity, as they lack a secondary market, making them harder to sell and often more costly.

•   Pricing of OTC options depends on factors such as the underlying asset’s volatility, time to expiration, and interest rates.

•   Trading OTC options through platforms offers flexibility in terms and conditions but involves higher costs and risks due to lack of standardization and liquidity.

OTC Options Definition

As a quick refresher, options are derivatives that give holders the right to buy or sell stocks or other assets. An options holder holds the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the underlying asset at a certain price, on or before a specific date.

While most options trade through brokers via exchanges, over-the-counter options trade privately, between a buyer and a seller. Over the counter options are sometimes tied to an exotic asset — a stock that may not be available for purchase through most brokers’ platforms.

OTC options are not standardized, and allow both parties to define expiration dates and strike prices on their own.This can make them appealing to those with a more complex options trading strategy.

How Does OTC Trading Work?

OTC securities include any types of investments that do not appear on U.S. exchanges. That can include stocks in foreign companies and small or mid-sized domestic companies; it can also include OTC options and futures. Some brokerages do allow investors to trade OTCs on their platforms, though not all do, and there may be additional fees charged by the broker to do so.

With that in mind, if you plan on investing in the OTC market, you may need to do some research beforehand to ensure that the brokerage account allows for OTC trading. SoFi’s options trading platform does not currently support OTC trading.

What is the Difference Between OTC Options and Stock Options?

OTC options and regular old stock options, or listed or exchange-traded options, have some key differentiators worth reviewing. Here is a short rundown of those differences:

OTC Options vs Stock Options

OTC Options

 Stock Options
Customized Standardized
Illiquid Liquid
No secondary market Secondary Market

1. Customization

A typical listed stock option is a standardized contract. The exchange, then, is determining expiration dates, strike prices, lot sizes, and other details. By standardizing contracts, exchanges can, as a result, increase the liquidity of the options contract.

Customization is the main and perhaps biggest difference between typical exchange-traded or listed stock options and OTC options. OTC options are customized with the terms hashed out by the involved parties.

2. Liquidity

OTC options are largely illiquid compared to their vanilla cousins. That’s because they’re more or less bespoke contracts — they’ve been customized according to the criteria set forth by the parties involved.

The customizations OTC options come with may not be appealing to many traders and, as a result, may not be quite as easy to sell. In other words, there’s less demand for tailor-made options contracts like those in the OTC market, meaning they’re less liquid, and often more costly.

3. Secondary Markets

Another key difference between vanilla stock options and OTC options is the secondary market — or lack thereof, in the case of OTC options.

Primary markets are where investors buy fresh securities, when they’re first offered. Secondary markets are what most investors engage in when they’re buying or selling securities. These include exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange.

While the primary market for OTC options is where parties meet to come to terms and develop an options contract, there is no secondary market. In many cases, OTC options can only be closed through an offsetting transaction — a new trade with the original counterparty — that cancels out the existing position.

What are the Risks of Trading OTC Options?

Given the complex and bespoke nature of OTC options, trading them can come with some serious risks. Chief among those risks is the fact that OTC options lack the protection provided by clearinghouses on regulated exchanges, which essentially “guarantees” that the contractual obligations are fulfilled.

That means that typical exchange-traded options are overseen, like other derivatives, by regulating authorities like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The guarantee cements into place that contract buyers can exercise their options, knowing that the counterparty will fulfill their obligation, thus avoiding counterparty risk.

Essentially, a contract is a promise between two parties. If one party decides not to follow through on their end of the deal, when it comes to a traditional stock option, then the exchange will ensure that everything is smoothed out. But OTC options lack that protection from the exchanges.

Pros & Cons of OTC Options Contracts

Like just about every financial tool, instrument, or security out there, OTC options have their benefits and disadvantages.

Pros

The biggest and most obvious advantage to OTC options is that they’re tailored for specific parties. That means that the parties engaged in the options contract get precisely the terms that they want and a contract that fits with their specific goals.

Further, the OTC market allows for trading of both securities and derivatives (like options) for small companies (exotic options) that aren’t listed on the typical exchanges. This provides traders more investment choices, but introduces additional risks.Effectively, the OTC market, and OTC options, provide investors with more investment choices. That can increase the risk — but also the potential rewards — of such securities.

Cons

The drawbacks of OTC options concern the lack of standardization of contracts (which may be a con for some investors), and the illiquid nature of the market. Plus, that illiquidity can add additional costs. And, again, there’s no secondary market for OTC options.

The big thing investors should remember, too, is that there can be a lack of information and transparency in the OTC market. Many OTC securities, including stocks, lack readily available and reliable information. This increases their risk profiles.While with standard options, you can find data and availability through your broker’s portal, such information can be harder to come by for OTC options.

The Takeaway

There are some benefits to trading OTC options, but it requires a thorough understanding of how the market works and the risks that it presents.

While investors are not able to trade OTCs on the SoFi platform at this time, they can buy call and put options to try to gain exposure to exchange-traded stock movements or potentially manage risk.

That said, going over-the-counter can open up a whole new slate of potential investments.

Investors who are ready to try their hand at options trading despite the risks involved, might consider checking out SoFi’s options trading platform offered through SoFi Securities, LLC. The platform’s user-friendly design allows investors to buy put and call options through the mobile app or web platform, and get important metrics like breakeven percentage, maximum profit/loss, and more with the click of a button.

Plus, SoFi offers educational resources — including a step-by-step in-app guide — to help you learn more about options trading. Trading options involves high-risk strategies, and should be undertaken by experienced investors. Currently, investors can not sell options on SoFi Active Invest®.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

Trade options with low fees through SoFi.

🛈 SoFi offers options trading on a user-friendly platform. However, it does not offer OTC options at this time.

FAQ

What is the difference between OTC and exchange options?

OTC options are traded over-the-counter (or, OTC), and may not be available to purchase through some brokerages or platforms. Exchange options, conversely, are traded on exchanges, and should be more widely accessible to investors.

How are OTC options priced?

Several factors influence the price of OTC options, and those could include the volatility of the underlying asset, the time to expiration, and applicable interest rates.

Photo credit: iStock/g-stockstudio

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $50 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Mar
04
2025
Bollinger Bands Explained

Bollinger Bands Explained

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on Bollinger Bands Explained

Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

Bollinger Bands are a popular technical analysis tool that helps traders assess price trends and market volatility. By measuring how far a security’s price moves above or below its average, Bollinger Bands provide insights into whether the price is relatively high or low compared to recent trading activity, indicating whether the security is overbought or oversold.

These bands can be applied to various assets, including options and stocks, making them versatile for different trading strategies. Although Bollinger Bands are often used to spot potential opportunities, they often work best when combined with other indicators to confirm trends and reduce the risk of false signals.

Key Points

•   Bollinger Bands are technical analysis tools that measure a security’s price relative to its moving average and volatility.

•   The bands consist of three lines: a simple moving average and two standard deviation lines.

•   Bollinger Bands help identify overbought or oversold conditions and potential price reversals.

•   This tool is more effective when used with other indicators like RSI and MACD.

•   Bollinger Bands can be useful for day trading but are not predictive on their own.

What Are Bollinger Bands?

Bollinger Bands are a popular tool used in the technical analysis of securities. They are a set of three bands that measure a security’s relative price in comparison to its moving average and recent price volatility.

The center line is typically the 20-day simple moving average (SMA) of a security’s price, plus plotted lines two standard deviations away from the SMA. The bands are plotted positively and negatively from the SMA, which is what measures the volatility of a security, and the trader can adjust them based on their particular use case. These bands expand during periods of volatility and contract during periods of lower volatility, visually demonstrating market conditions.

Bollinger Bands were created to help investors understand whether a security is currently oversold or overbought, which may help determine whether it is likely to increase or decrease in value over time. When the upper band is close to the SMA, traders may see this as an overbought security. When the lower band is close to the SMA, they may consider the security to be oversold.

The bands, and a set of 22 rules about using them for trading, were developed in the 1980s by John Bollinger, a well-known technical trader.

How Do Bollinger Bands Work?

Bollinger Bands are plotted using two parameters: period and standard deviation.

Period is found by calculating the simple moving average of the security a trader is interested in. The calculation generally uses a 20-day SMA, an average of a security’s closing prices over a 20-day period — or roughly a month of trading days.

The first data point on the graph would be the average of the first 20 days being tracked. The second data point would be the next 20 days, and so on.

That line shows the SMA over time, and the Bollinger Bands are then placed above and below it by calculating the standard deviation of the security’s price along each data point. The standard deviation measures how much a security’s price deviates from its average, reflecting price volatility against its SMA, representing price volatility.

The standard deviation is calculated by first finding the square root of the variance, which is the average of the squared differences of the mean. The standard deviation is typically multiplied by two to create the bands, but traders can adjust this multiplier based on their strategy. The resulting value is then added and subtracted from each SMA data point to form the upper and lower Bollinger Bands.

Key Things to Know About Bollinger Bands

Bollinger Bands adjust dynamically to market conditions, expanding and contracting based on volatility. Here are a few things to keep in mind when using them:

•   When volatility is low, the bands get closer together. This contraction reflects a lower volatility period, which may precede future price movements.

•   When volatility is high, the bands get farther apart. This indicates that an existing price trend could be coming to a close in the future.

•   Generally the security’s price movements stay within the two bands. And once they touch one band they start moving towards the other band. But the price can also bounce off the band multiple times or it can cross over the band. If the price touches one band and crosses the SMA, traders may watch to see if it moves toward the opposite band.

When the price crosses to the outside of the bands, this is a strong indicator of a trend in that direction.

Formula for Bollinger Bands

Below is the formula to plot Bollinger Bands:

BOLU=MA(TP,n)+m∗σ[TP,n]

BOLD=MA(TP,n)−m∗σ[TP,n]

where:

BOLU=Upper Bollinger Band

BOLD=Lower Bollinger Band

MA=Moving average

TP (typical price)=(High+Low+Close)÷3

n = Number of days in smoothing period (typically 20)

m = Number of standard deviations (typically 2)

σ[TP,n]=Standard Deviation over last n periods of TP

Recommended: 7 Technical Indicators of Stock Trading
​

How Do You Read Bollinger Bands?

Bollinger Bands help traders understand whether a security’s price is relatively high or low so that they might make trades based on trends. Bollinger Bands can indicate uptrends and downtrends as well as possible upcoming price reversals.

Trends with Bollinger Bands can vary based on the asset and trading strategy, lasting anywhere from minutes to years. Traders should understand how to set up the bands based on their timeline. Here are some patterns and indicators traders might want to learn.

Uptrends

Traders can use Bollinger Bands to see whether there is a bullish trend in a security’s market price. If the center line hits the upper band multiple times, this may suggest an uptrend. If the price hits the upper band, decreases but stays above the center line, then hits the upper band again, that is a strong indicator of an uptrend. If the price then hits the lower band, it may indicate a reversal or a loss of strength in the uptrend.

Downtrends

The lower band can indicate a downtrend or an upcoming reversal towards an uptrend. If the price hits the lower band continuously and stays below the center line, this indicates a downtrend. Traders typically avoid making trades during downtrends, but if there is an indicator of a reversal, they might choose to buy.

The Squeeze

When the bands are close together, this is known as a squeeze. The squeeze happens when the security has low volatility, but it indicates that the security will probably have increased volatility in the future. Traders look for high volatility periods to find trading opportunities, so the squeeze reflects decreased volatility and often precedes periods of higher volatility, though it does not predict price direction.

Traders typically like to exit trades during periods of lower volatility, so they look for far-apart bands as a clue that volatility may soon decrease. The squeeze is not used as a trading signal, and doesn’t show whether a security will increase or decrease in value. However, it may help traders figure out the potential timing of upcoming trades.

Breakouts

The SMA line doesn’t always stay between the Bollinger Bands — it can also move above or below the bands. Around 90% of price changes do happen between the bands, so if the price has a breakout above or below the bands it’s a significant event. Breakouts can signal significant price movement outside the bands, however, but they are not reliable predictors of future trends on their own.

Bollinger Band Trading Strategies

Financial analyst Arthur Merrill identified a set of 16 trend patterns, including M patterns and W patterns, that traders can use to recognize potential price reversals. Here are two key patterns.

M Top

The M top pattern indicates that the security price may decrease to a new low. It forms an M pattern at the upper band, where the price nearly hits or hits the upper band but doesn’t cross over it, then decreases to below the low in the center of the M pattern.

W Bottoms

W patterns can be used to identify W bottoms, which is when the second low is lower than the first low but neither low goes below the lower band. If the security rises above the high in the center of the W, this is an indicator that the price will likely reach a new high.

Recommended: How to Analyze Stocks: 4 Ways

Combining Bollinger Bands With Other Indicators

John Bollinger recommended that traders use Bollinger Bands in conjunction with other non-correlated indicators, such as the relative strength indicator (RSI) and the Stochastic Oscillator, in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the security being assessed.

Although Bollinger Bands help traders understand price volatility and can show opportunities for upcoming trades, they aren’t strong indicators of potential upcoming price movements.

Drawbacks of Bollinger Bands

There are a number of caveats to consider with Bollinger Bands. In particular, they are best used with other stock indicators, to form a fuller picture.

•   They show old security price data with equal importance to new data, so data that is outdated may be counted with too much importance.

•   They are more of a reactive indicator than a predictive indicator, so they show current market conditions and can indicate trends, but are not strong indicators of what will happen to a security’s price in the future.

•   The standard settings of 20-day SMA and two standard deviations is an arbitrary measurement that doesn’t convey relevant information for every security and trading situation, so it’s important that traders understand how to adjust the band calculations for their particular situation.

Using Bollinger Bands for Crypto Trading

Bollinger Bands have become a popular tool for crypto traders to track volatility and trends. They can be used for trading crypto in a similar way to stocks, but some traders choose to use a 28 or 30 SMA instead of 20, to better represent a month of trading days, since the crypto markets are open 24/7.

The Takeaway

Bollinger Bands are a useful tool for technical analysis in options trading, which measure the relative high or low of a security’s price in relation to previous trades over typically the past 20 trading days.

While investors are not able to sell options on SoFi’s options trading platform at this time, they can still employ some of these strategies when they buy call and put options on the platform, whether that’s to try to benefit from stock movements or manage risk.

Investors who are ready to try their hand at options trading despite the risks involved, might consider checking out SoFi’s options trading platform offered through SoFi Securities, LLC. The platform’s user-friendly design allows investors to buy put and call options through the mobile app or web platform, and get important metrics like breakeven percentage, maximum profit/loss, and more with the click of a button.

Plus, SoFi offers educational resources — including a step-by-step in-app guide — to help you learn more about options trading. Trading options involves high-risk strategies, and should be undertaken by experienced investors. Currently, investors can not sell options on SoFi Active Invest®.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

FAQ

What do Bollinger Bands tell you?


Bollinger Bands show how a security’s price moves over time, and whether it’s relatively high or low compared to its recent average. They also help gauge volatility: when the bands are far apart, the price is more volatile. When they’re close together, it’s less volatile.

Are Bollinger Bands good for day trading?


Yes, Bollinger Bands can be helpful for day trading because they show short-term price trends and volatility, helping traders spot potential opportunities for quick trades.

How reliable are Bollinger Bands?


Bollinger Bands are useful for identifying trends and volatility, but they’re not foolproof. They work best when combined with other indicators to confirm signals and reduce false predictions.

What indicator pairs well with Bollinger Bands?


The Relative Strength Index (RSI) and the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) pair well with Bollinger Bands to confirm trends and spot potential reversals.

Photo credit: iStock/blackCAT

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Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
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31 Things to Do With a Windfall

Financial Windfall: Definition and Ideas on Use

By | Budgeting & Goals, Growing Wealth, money | Comments Off on Financial Windfall: Definition and Ideas on Use

You just came into a cash windfall. You’re happy about this, but you aren’t exactly sure about what to do with it. Should you spend it? Save it? Invest it?

The answer will depend on the size of the windfall and your current financial situation and goals. Here are some ideas for things you can do with a financial windfall to ensure that you are handling it in the smartest way possible.

Key Points

•   A good way to use a windfall is to pay down high-interest debts, such as credit card balances.

•   It’s also wise to build an emergency fund with at least three to six months of living expenses.

•   Consider putting the funds in a high-yield savings account or investing in stocks or bonds for future growth.

•   You might allocate funds to personal goals like professional development, starting a side business, or home improvements.

•   Another good use for a windfall is donating to a charity for a potential tax deduction and to support causes you care about.

What Is a Financial Windfall

While there’s no one specific definition for a financial windfall, it typically means that you’ve received some unexpected money of a significant amount. For some people, a windfall could be a few hundred dollars; for others, it could be millions.

The key component of a windfall is the element of surprise — you may be surprised by receiving any money at all, the amount of the money, or both. Generally, a windfall isn’t money you’ve factored into your regular income and budget. This can make it a major plus, but it can also lead to some financial challenges, along with some major decisions to make.

Examples of Financial Windfalls

Financial windfalls can come from a variety of sources. Here are some common examples of windfalls:

•   Lottery or prize winnings

•   Employee bonus

•   Tax refund

•   Inheritance or life insurance payout

•   Major successes in investing

•   Profit from selling a property or business

•   Injury or lawsuit settlement

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3 Tips to Help You Make the Most of Your Money Windfall

If you are fortunate enough to have a windfall land in your lap, you’ll need to decide if you’re going to spend, save, invest, donate the money, or some combination of the above. The following steps can help you come up with a plan that makes the most of your newfound cash.

•  Get professional advice: Depending on the size and source of your windfall, you might owe taxes on it and it might push you into a different tax bracket. Consulting with an accountant or financial planner can help you identify the implications.

•  Take it slow: While it’s exciting to have cash coming your way, it’s wise to take some time and reflect on how the money would be best spent versus deciding “Dinner’s on me!” for you and your 10 best pals to celebrate. For instance, could your windfall lower or wipe out some debt? Could it be invested? Don’t let the adrenaline rush drive you to make too quick a decision. Take some time to clarify your goals.

•  Think long-term: If you’ve received a sizable sum, it may be tempting to quit your day job to travel or take on a passion project. Again, it could be wise to seek financial counseling before you make that type of leap. What sounds like a major sum may not actually be enough to fully finance your dreams. It’s important to look at the financial implications of a major life change carefully.

Remember That Taxes May Be Due on Your Windfall

Depending on the source of your windfall, it may be subject to income taxes. Tax law regarding windfalls is complicated, however, so it’s a good idea to consult an accountant or other tax professional to make sure you understand how much your windfall is actually yours to keep.

Understanding Tax Implications Based on the Source of the Windfall

Whether or not you owe taxes on a windfall will depend on where your windfall is coming from. Here’s a look at some examples:

•   Inheritance: In general, any inheritance you receive does not need to be reported to the IRS. However, you may owe state taxes if the amount exceeds a certain threshold.

•   Life insurance payout: Proceeds you receive as a beneficiary of a life insurance policy typically aren’t taxable, but if the proceeds have accumulated interest, taxes may be due on that interest.

•   Lottery/prize winnings or large bonus: If your windfall is from a lottery, other prize, or large bonus, you are typically taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. This means you will pay taxes on your windfall based upon your tax bracket.

•   Sale of property or a business: Profits from selling real estate or a business are generally taxed at the long-term capital gains rate, depending how long you owned the asset.

•   A large cash gift: You typically do not have to pay taxes on a windfall that was given to you as a gift; the giver is responsible for paying any gift taxes.

What to Do With a $500 Windfall

Let’s say the amount of money you received was $500. While it isn’t a ton of money, it’s still significant enough that you should figure out what to do with it. Here are a few ideas for what to do with a small windfall.

1. Investing in Real Estate

Did you know that you can become a real estate investor with just $500? Real estate investment trusts (REITs) allow you to invest in real estate on a small scale. Similar to mutual funds, REITs are companies that own a mix of properties and typically pay dividends to investors. Although there is risk involved in investing in REITs, it might be a good way to get your feet wet if you’re interested in real estate investing.

2. Meeting With a Financial Advisor

Hiring a financial advisor to help you learn how to plan for your financial future might be a good use of this money. Financial advisor fees vary: Some charge a flat fee, some charge hourly, some are commission-based. If this professional will be managing a portfolio for you, they may charge 1% to 2% of the portfolio’s value.

3. Buying a New Wardrobe

You could refresh your wardrobe with your new supply of cash. Upgrading your clothes could give you the confidence to go after your professional goals. Or you might splurge on some clothes you’ve been eyeing that give you a self-esteem boost.

4. Traveling Somewhere Cheap

You might plan a weekend getaway or road trip for only $500. Throw in your credit card points or rewards you’ve accumulated to bump up your budget.

5. Investing in a Certificate of Deposit

Another thing you can do with a $500 financial windfall is put it into a certificate of deposit (CD). This is a type of savings account that holds a fixed amount of money for a set period of time and generally pays more than a regular savings account.

6. Getting Your Car Fixed

Have you been putting off car repairs because they’re too expensive? Now that you have $500, it might be time to invest in your vehicle so it’s less likely to break down when you’re on the road.

7. Buying Renter’s Insurance

If you’re a renter, your personal property is not covered under your landlord’s homeowners insurance policy. If you don’t have renter’s insurance, you might use your windfall to buy yourself some peace of mind. The average renter’s insurance cost in the U.S. is $148 per year, which means your windfall could insure your possessions for at least the next three years.

8. Purchasing a Life Insurance Policy

If your family depends on your income, life insurance helps protect them in the event that you pass away. The average cost of a life insurance policy is $26 per month. That means you could pay for the whole year up front with your $500 windfall. Typically, life insurance rates increase as you age and your risk of dying increases. So it’s likely to be less expensive to purchase life insurance while you’re young, rather than waiting until you feel like you can afford it.

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9. Taking a Professional Development Class

While private colleges and universities might be too pricey, you may be able to find a class online or at your local community college for less than $500. Finding something that is relevant to your career may even help you move up the ladder at your job.

What to Do With a $1,000 Windfall

Did you receive a $1,000 financial windfall? Here are some ideas for how you might use this sudden influx of cash.

10. Getting Started on Your Emergency Fund

An emergency fund is a separate savings account that you can tap to cover or offset the expense of an unexpected expense or loss of income. If you haven’t started building your emergency fund, or it’s not as robust as it should be, your $1,000 windful could boost your safety net.

11. Hiring an Estate Planning Lawyer

Another important thing you could do with a $1,000 cash windfall is meet with an estate planning lawyer to write your will, establish a trust, and determine your power of attorney. You may feel some peace knowing your family will be protected and your assets will be distributed according to your wishes.

12. Opening a 529 Plan

A 529 plan offers a way to save for your child’s college education. With $1,000, you can get a nice head start on college savings. Your money will grow tax-free and if you withdraw the money for qualified educational expenses, you won’t pay any taxes on those withdrawals.

13. Doing Home Improvements

With $1,000, you could do a small home improvement project like replacing your curtains, painting a room or two, putting down a new kitchen floor, or sprucing up your backyard. If you do the work yourself, you may be able to stretch your financial windfall money even further.

14. Donating It

If there’s a nonprofit you’ve always wanted to support, you might consider using your $1,000 windfall to make a donation. Your money could make a big difference. Plus, you may also be able to deduct the contribution on your taxes (if you itemize).

15. Opening a High-Yield Savings Account

Savings accounts rates are averaging 0.41% APY as of December 16, 2024, according to the FDIC. A high-yield savings account, however, may pay 3.00% APY or higher. Plus, savings accounts are typically insured by the FDIC up to $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category, in the event of bank failure.

💡 Quick Tip: Most savings accounts only earn a fraction of a percentage in interest. Not at SoFi. Our high-yield savings account can help you make meaningful progress towards your financial goals.

16. Saving for Retirement

If you have a 401(k) but haven’t contributed much so far, your windfall could help you increase your savings rate. Or, if you’re eligible to contribute to a traditional or Roth individual retirement account (IRA), you might open one with your $1,000 windfall to boost your retirement savings.

17. Investing in Your Side Hustle

To make money on your $1,000 financial windfall, you might use it to start a low-cost side hustle. Maybe you’re a freelance graphic designer but you need to buy some software to be able to do more detailed work. Or, perhaps you need to purchase a domain name and hire a developer to create a business website. With this initial investment, you may be able to bring in much more money and improve your finances.

What to Do With a $5,000 Windfall

You just got a cash windfall of $5,000. Now what? Here are some ideas.

18. Saving Up for a Down Payment

In some cases, you only need to put 3% to 5% down on a home. That means you could conceivably buy a $150,000 home using your $5,000 financial windfall money as your down payment. More realistically, you could use your windfall to add to money you’ve already saved for your down payment.

19. Paying Off Credit Card Debt

The average consumer credit card debt balance is $6,730. A $5,000 windfall could pay most of that bill off in one fell swoop and could save you a significant amount of money in interest.

20. Investing Via Robo-Advisors

Do you want to invest your $5,000 cash windfall, but you don’t know where to start? Robo advisors create a diversified investment portfolio based on your investment goals and the level of risk you’re willing to take.

21. Investing in Blue-Chip Stocks

You might also consider using your windfall to invest in blue-chip stocks. These stocks are from well-established and financially stable companies that typically pay dividends to investors.

22. Investing in Bonds

Though they carry some risks, bonds are considered relatively safe and stable investments. When you purchase a bond, you’re lending money to an entity like a government or corporation. In return, you receive the interest payments at regular intervals. At the end of the repayment period, you get your original investment amount back.

23. Taking a Vacation

With $5,000, you and your family could potentially take a great vacation within the U.S. For example, your windfall might be enough to fund an RV excursion, urban getaway, visit to a theme park, or a beach retreat. Check out sites like Expedia, Costco Travel, and Booking.com for deals.

What to Do With a $10,000+ Windfall

If you received a cash windfall of $10,000 or more (lucky you!), here are some things you could do with it.

24. Opening a Money Market Account

You could use your $10,000 to open a money market account, which typically earns a higher interest rate than a regular savings account.

25. Paying Off Student Loan Debt

The average federal student loan debt in the U.S. is $37,853 per borrower. If you have a $10,000 financial windfall, you could put a nice dent in your student loan balance.

26. Trying Peer-to-Peer Lending

Using a peer-to-peer lending platform, you could lend your financial windfall money to someone who is looking for a loan and potentially earn a good return. Just keep in mind that this type of lending involves risks.

27. Making Mortgage Payments

You could make a large principal-only payment toward your mortgage loan with a $10,000 cash windfall. This can help you pay off your loan off sooner and save a significant amount of interest. First, verify that there are no prepayment penalties tied to your loan.

28. Going to College

While $10,000 won’t cover a bachelor’s degree unless you also get grants or scholarships, you may be able to earn your associate’s degree at your local community college with your financial windfall money. Or it might cover several classes at a public university that could lead to career advancement.

29. Starting Your Business

Let’s say you want to do more than start a side hustle, and you’re ready to open a small business. A $10,000 windfall could help you get the ball rolling on your business without needing to borrow money. You might consult with a successful business owner in your industry for guidance on how best to allocate your money.

30. Increase Contributions to Your Retirement Account

This can help you build your nest egg, while also reducing your taxable income, which could help offset taxes owed on your windfall (if applicable).

31. Make a Move

If you’re looking to be closer to work or simply want to live in a quieter — or busier — location, a $10,000 financial windfall could be enough to cover the cost of hiring movers.

The Takeaway

Receiving a financial windfall opens up all kinds of possibilities. You might pay down debt, take a vacation, invest the funds, pursue higher education…or even do a little of each. Though it’s tempting to spend your windfall right away, it’s a good idea to step back and think through the wisest way to use your newfound cash. In the meantime, you might park the money in a high-yield savings account. This allows you to earn an above-average interest on your windfall but still keeps the money accessible.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


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FAQ

What amount of money is considered a windfall?

The amount that’s considered a windfall can vary from person to person. For some, it could be a few hundred dollars. For others, a windfall might be thousands or even millions of dollars.

What to do with a $50,000 windfall?

There are many ways to use a $50,000 windfall. You could pay down debt, put a down payment on a home, pump up your retirement account, start or add to a college savings account, do a home renovation, or use it as seed money to start a business.

What can you do with a $100K windfall?

With a $100,000 windfall, you might pay off your mortgage, put a down payment on a home, build your retirement or college savings fund, invest the money for long-term growth, or a combination of the above.

Should you save or invest a windfall?

It depends on your financial situation and goals. If you have high-interest debt, a good use of a windfall is to pay it off. Next, you might start or top off your emergency fund. Whether to save or invest the rest will depend on your goals. For short-term goals, like saving for a vacation, wedding, or new car, consider putting the funds in a high-yield savings account. For goals that are at least five years off (like retirement, buying a house, or a child’s college education) investing may be a better choice.

How can you avoid common mistakes with a windfall?

To avoid common mistakes with a windfall, it’s important to pause and make a plan for how to use the money, rather than spend impulsively. Smart ways to use a windfall include paying off high-interest debt, building an emergency fund, and investing for long-term goals like retirement or a child’s college education.

About the author

Kylie Ora Lobell

Kylie Ora Lobell

Kylie Ora Lobell is a personal finance writer who covers topics such as credit cards, loans, investing, and budgeting. She has worked for major brands such as Mastercard and Visa. Read full bio.

Photo credit: iStock/TARIK KIZILKAYA

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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Checking & Savings Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Inc. (CFP Board) owns the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, CFP® (with plaque design), and CFP® (with flame design) in the U.S., which it awards to individuals who successfully complete CFP Board's initial and ongoing certification requirements.

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Mar
04
2025
What Is a Cash Management Account

Guide to Cash Management Accounts (CMAs)

By | Budgeting & Goals, Family Finances, money | Comments Off on Guide to Cash Management Accounts (CMAs)

A cash management account or CMA is a financial account offered by brokerage firms that combines some of the features of savings and checking accounts. Like a savings account, CMAs pay interest (often more than you would earn in a standard savings account). Like a checking account, CMAs provide access to checks and/or a debit card. In addition, CMAs are typically linked to brokerage accounts, making it easy to transfer funds you want to invest.

While CMAs can be convenient, they may also come with some potential downsides, such as monthly fees, minimums, and a lack of in-person banking options. And, you may be able to earn a higher interest rate elsewhere.

Is a CMA right for you? Our simple guide to cash management accounts can help you find out.

Key Points

•   Cash management accounts, or CMAs, are offered by brokerage firms and combine checking and savings features.

•   These accounts pay interest and offer easy fund transfers for investments.

•   CMAs typically allow you to access and manage your account online, but may not offer branches you can visit.

•   Pros include simplified money management and higher-than-average interest rates.

•   Before opening a CMA, consider customer service, minimum balance requirements, and investment options.

What Are Cash Management Accounts?

Let’s explore what a cash management account is exactly. A CMA or cash management account provides a solution for managing your cash flow and your money. The cash inside the account usually earns interest, so your money can grow over time. You also may have checking-writing capabilities, debit card access, or a combination of both.

Some of these nonbanking institutions charge low or no fees, another attractive aspect of using a cash management account. However, they typically make their money by charging fees for other services, such as investing, retirement planning, or financial planning services.

While traditional banking accounts have similar benefits, the biggest draw to a cash management account is that you can bank and invest with one company. This way, you’re not toggling back and forth between several companies or platforms to manage your money.

💡 Quick Tip: Banish bank fees. Open a new bank account with SoFi and you’ll pay no overdraft, minimum balance, or any monthly fees.

How Do Cash Management Accounts Work?

Now that you know what a CMA is in big-picture terms, let’s drill down on how they work. Cash management accounts are interest-earning accounts that offer a safe place to keep your cash. Since investment firms and robo-advisors are not banks, they don’t keep your money at their financial institution. Instead, they partner with several banks and spread your deposit out among them.

As with traditional bank accounts, account holders can deposit funds, withdraw funds, and transfer money. You also typically have online access to your account, making it easy to check on and manage your CMA.

In addition, CMAs typically earn interest like savings accounts and have checking account capabilities. Therefore, they can act as a way to merge these accounts into one. However, some CMAs may not have features of both accounts, so check with the institution to determine what features are available.

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

No account or overdraft fees. No minimum balance.

Up to 3.80% APY on savings balances.

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FDIC insurance.


What Are the Pros of Cash Management Accounts?

Understanding the benefits of using a cash management account can help you determine if this is the right banking solution for your needs. With that in mind, here are several advantages of using a cash management account.

Convenience

The most significant pull for consumers to open a cash management account is that they can keep their investments and banking under one umbrella. Keeping everything in one place can simplify your money management efforts.

Traditional Banking Features

When you open a cash management account, you typically have access to traditional banking features like:

•   Direct deposit

•   Complementary ATM networks

•   Electronic bill pay

•   Third-party payment site access

But before you open an account, make sure you check with the institution about their banking services. This way you can ensure they have everything you need.

FDIC Insured

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) protects your banking deposits from losses up to $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category.

So, in the unlikely event that your bank should fail, you can recover your funds (up to the insured limit). While nonbanking firms can’t offer FDIC insurance directly, their partner banks can extend coverage. Since nonbanks spread funds across several partner banks, each can offer up to $250,000 of FDIC insurance per depositor.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t think too hard about your money. Automate your budgeting, saving, and spending with SoFi’s seamless and secure mobile banking app.

What Are the Cons of a Cash Management Account?

CMAs also come with some potential downsides. Here are some points to keep in mind as you decide whether a CMA is right for you.

Lower Interest Rates

While these accounts do offer some earnings, you will often find better rates at online banks. If you are planning on parking a large sum of cash in an account, it can literally pay to explore your options elsewhere and see what annual percentage rates (APYs) are available for online savings and checking accounts. You may find a better place to park your short-term savings than a CMA.

Recommended: APY vs. Interest Rate: What’s the Difference?

Fewer Features

Cash management accounts may not offer all the conveniences that come with standard checking accounts, such as bill pay, and may not fully replace a checking account.

No Physical Branches

Many cash management accounts are offered by online brokerages and robo-advisors, which means you won’t have brick-and-mortar locations to visit. If you are the kind of person who prefers personal interaction, this may be a significant issue for you.

Cash Management Accounts vs Checking Accounts

While cash management accounts offer similar services and features to traditional bank accounts, you might wonder what the differences are. If we break down CMAs compared to checking accounts further, these features are worth noting.

•   Maintenance fees. Some CMAs don’t charge maintenance fees, but others may charge monthly fees routinely or when your balance dips below a certain threshold. This is also the case with traditional checking accounts.

•   Interest earning. Many cash management accounts pay interest, and rates are often better than what you could earn in a standard savings account. This gives CMAs an edge over regular checking accounts, which typically pay little or no interest.

•   Account integration. Investment firms and robo-advisors usually offer cash management accounts, as well as brokerage, or investment, accounts. You can usually link your CMA with your brokerage account, making it easy to move money and automate contributions. Traditional banks may also offer retirement and investment services. However, that’s not their primary business. Also, if you have your bank accounts and investment accounts under different roofs, there may be a time lag for transactions, which usually doesn’t happen with CMAs.

Considerations When Comparing Cash Management Accounts

If you’re thinking about opening a CMA, it’s a good idea to shop around and compare your options. Here are some things to keep in mind.

Customer Service

When you need an issue resolved with your money, it’s nice to know customer service is there to help. Check to make sure that the company you’re considering offers a robust customer service solution to assist you with all of your questions or concerns. For online firms, check out the hours that support is available and find out if you’ll be interacting with a human or an automated assistant.

Minimum Balance Requirement

CMAs can have minimum balance requirements to avoid fees and/or keep the account active. Therefore, you’ll want to determine these requirements in advance to see if you have the appropriate sum of cash to deposit.

Investment Management

Most of the institutions that offer cash management accounts offer investment services. If you’re looking to use their investment service, make sure you select a company you trust and feel comfortable with. You’ll also want to ensure the investments offered are suitable for your needs.

Is a Cash Management Account a Good Fit for You?

A CMA can be ideal for people who like to manage their investments and bank accounts under the same umbrella. It may make managing your money somewhat simpler and smoother.

But for those who feel a bit uncertain about using online institutions or mobile apps to complete their daily transactions, a traditional bank account may be a more viable solution. Also, if you would prefer to separate your investments and banking needs, a high-interest checking or savings account may make more sense that stashing your funds in a CMA.

The Takeaway

CMAs are interest-earning alternative solutions to traditional bank accounts like checking and saving accounts. Since investment firms usually offer CMAs, you can keep your investments and banking needs in one place, streamlining your money management efforts. As with most services, there are pros and cons to these accounts. Determining whether one is right for you will depend on your money management style and goals.

If you feel more comfortable with a savings and checking account held at a bank, SoFi offers a smart, money-savvy solution. Our online bank accounts, when opened with direct deposit, are fee-free and earn a competitive APY. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early. We think it’s a great combination of convenience and money-growing features that you’ll love.

Ready to bank better? Come see what SoFi offers.

FAQ

What is the purpose of a cash management account?

Cash management accounts give consumers a way to earn interest and complete everyday banking transactions (like making purchases with a debit card and writing checks) while managing investments, all under one roof.

What type of account is cash management?

A cash management account is like a traditional bank account, except it’s offered by a non-banking firms, like an online investment firm or robo-advisor. You can complete transactions (direct deposit, withdrawals, check writing, etc.) and earn interest in the same way you would with a traditional checking or savings account.

Is a cash management account the same as a money market account?

No. While cash management accounts and money market accounts have similar features (like earning interest and providing access to debit cards and/or checks), they are not the same. Banks offer money market accounts, while nonbanks like brokerage firms and robo-advisors offer cash management accounts.

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SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2025 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Checking & Savings Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.

SOBNK-Q125-056

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